DSSSB TGT English (Female) 14 Sep 2021 Shift 2 (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is 'I tried hardly to teach her'.

Key Points

• The error in the sentence is with the usage of 'hardly'.
• 'Hardly' means barely or scarcely and is not the adverb form of 'hard'.
• The correct word to use here is 'hard', which means with a great deal of effort.
• Therefore, the sentence should be "I tried hard to teach her my sign language, but she was dull and lazy."
• This sentence implies that the speaker made a significant effort to teach the other person sign language, but the person was not responsive.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'with the secretary is coming'.

 Key Points

• The error lies in the Subject-Verb-agreement.
• When two subjects are connected by 'along with', 'as well as', 'in addition to', 'together with', the verb agrees with the first subject.
• Here, the first subject is 'the class teachers' which is plural.
• Hence, 'is' should be replaced with 'are'.
• So, the corrected sentence would be "The class teachers along with the secretary are coming towards the main building."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'No error'.

 Key Points

• This sentence is grammatically correct and does not have any errors.
• The use of 'have' is appropriate here because the action of qualifying all the exams is a completed action in the past.
• The word 'all' correctly refers to every one of the written exams.
• 'Of this university' is a correct prepositional phrase providing further information about the exams.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'packages off yellow paper'.

 Key Points

• The error in this sentence is with the preposition 'off'.
• The correct preposition to use here is 'of'.
• The preposition 'of' is used to express the material of something.
• Thus, 'packages off yellow paper' should be 'packages of yellow paper'.
• This sentence implies that they took approximately ten small packages made of yellow paper out of the drawer.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'As far that we were concerned'.

 Key Points

• The error in the sentence lies in the usage of 'As far that we were concerned'.
• The correct phrase is 'As far as we were concerned', which means from our perspective or in our opinion.
• Therefore, 'As far that we were concerned' should be 'As far as we were concerned'.
• This sentence implies that from the speaker's perspective, their friendship was a sign of trust and a mature healthy relationship.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'you are far off alone'.

 Key Points

• The error in this sentence lies in the phrase 'you are far off alone'.
• The correct phrase to convey the intended meaning, that is, that the person is not the only one in this situation, would be 'you are far from alone'.
• The phrase 'far from alone' means 'not alone at all'. It indicates that many other people are in the same situation.
• Therefore, 'you are far off alone' should be replaced with 'you are far from alone'.
• Thus, the correct sentence should read: "If you didn't buy any new clothes during the pandemic, you are far from alone."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'of knowing the outside world'.

 Key Points

• The error in this sentence lies in the phrase 'of knowing the outside world'. The correct preposition to use here is 'from', not 'of'.
• The verb 'prevent' is typically followed by the preposition 'from' and then a gerund (verb+ing). It means to stop something from happening or stop someone from doing something.
• Therefore, 'of knowing the outside world' should be replaced with 'from knowing the outside world'.
• Thus, the correct sentence should read: "The king built high walls around the palace that prevented the prince from knowing the outside world."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'I had made peace upon'.

 Key Points

• The error in this sentence lies in the phrase 'I had made peace upon'.
• The correct phrase to use is 'I had made peace with', not 'upon'.
• The idiom 'make peace with' means to accept and come to terms with something.
• Therefore, 'I had made peace upon' should be replaced with 'I had made peace with'.
• Thus, the correct sentence should read: "I had made peace with the fact that I was not going to be one of the winners."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is '3'.

 Key Points

• There is an error in third part.
• There should be 'of' in the place of 'for'. (in development of sustainable energy for the country.)
• "For" is incorrect in this context because it suggests the development is being done for the energy, not 'of it'.
• The phrase should be "in the development of sustainable energy for the country" to indicate that sustainable energy is what's being developed.
• Corect sentence- The government must work to involve locals, not just international energy giants, in development of sustainable energy for the country.

Therefore, the correct answer should be: 3

The correct answer is 'accompany me will be covering'.

 Key Points

• The error in this sentence lies in the use of the future tense verb 'will' after 'whoever did not accompany me'.
• As the entire sentence is in the past tense, it should be 'would' instead of 'will' to maintain tense consistency.
• 'Would' is the past tense of 'will' and is used to describe future actions from the perspective of the past.
• Therefore, 'accompany me will be covering' should be replaced with 'accompany me would be covering'.
• Thus, the correct sentence should read: "Since both of my parents had medical practices, they knew that whoever did not accompany me would be covering two practices."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'and a particularly casualty of modernism'.

 Key Points

• The error in this sentence lies in the phrase 'a particularly casualty of modernism'. The correct word to use here is 'particular' instead of 'particularly'.
• 'Particularly' is an adverb, but we need an adjective to describe the noun 'casualty'.
• The adjective form is 'particular'.
• Therefore, 'a particularly casualty of modernism' should be replaced with 'a particular casualty of modernism'.
• Thus, the correct sentence should read: "The great schism between art and craft is one of the symptoms of a hierarchical view of art and a particular casualty of modernism."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'wonderful life-size picture of a women'.

Key Points

• The error in this sentence lies in the phrase 'a women'.
• The singular form of the word 'women' should be used here as 'woman'.
• 'Women' is the plural form of 'woman'. Since the article 'a' precedes it, which is used for singular nouns, it should be 'woman' instead of 'women'.
• Therefore, the phrase 'wonderful life-size picture of a women' should be corrected to 'wonderful life-size picture of a woman'.
• Thus, the correct sentence should read: "When William came in, he found Damon putting the finishing touches to a wonderful life-size picture of a woman."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct option is: 3) had to climb out of.

Key Points

• The phrase "climb out of" is the most suitable phrasal verb for describing the action of exiting through a window.
• It indicates a physical movement requiring effort, which is typical when passing through a window.
• "Climb" is a verb that suggests upward or challenging movement, and "out of" is a preposition indicating the direction of movement from the inside to the outside of a place.
• In context, escaping through a window generally involves more than simply stepping out; it often requires physical effort, making "climb out of" the most precise and contextually appropriate choice.
• Additionally, the use of the past tense ("had to") correctly matches the narrative's requirement, indicating an action that was necessary in the past.

The corrected sentence is: We had to climb out of the window and run uphill in order to save ourselves.

The correct answer is 'Hardly had I finished'.

 Key Points

• The error in this sentence is related to word order in the use of 'hardly' at the beginning of a sentence.
• When 'hardly' is used at the beginning of a sentence, it is followed by 'had' and then the subject ('I' in this case), a structure known as inversion.
• Therefore, 'Hardly I had finished' should be replaced with 'Hardly had I finished'.
• Thus, the correct sentence should read: "Hardly had I finished my meal when the waiter started to ask for a tip."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'suddenly being swallowed up by'.

 Key Points

• The original sentence has a couple of errors in it.
• The first error is in the word 'sudden'. It should be 'suddenly' because we need an adverb to modify the verb 'swallowed', not an adjective.
• The second error is in the preposition 'upon'.
• The phrase 'swallowed upon' is incorrect. The correct preposition to use with 'swallowed' is 'up' in this context.
• Therefore, the correct phrase should be 'suddenly being swallowed up by'.
• Hence, the correct sentence should be: "A video of a parked car suddenly being swallowed up by a sinkhole has taken social media by storm."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'was still coming down hard'.

 Key Points

• The error in this sentence is the word 'hardly'.
• 'Hardly' means barely or scarcely, which is not the correct meaning here.
• The correct word to use here is 'hard', which means strongly or intensely.
• Therefore, 'coming down hardly' should be replaced with 'coming down hard'.
• Hence, the correct sentence should be: "The rain was still coming down hard and there were occasional rumbles of thunder."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'You, Ravi and I are.'

Key Points

• When different pronouns are used in a single sentence, which is not a negative sentence, the order of the pronoun will be 2 3 1.
• For example:
• You, he and I shall study for the exam. (231)
• He and I have finished our work. (31)
• You and he have done a great job. (23)
• The given sentence is not a negative sentence
• Hence the correct order of the pronoun will be '231' i.e.'You, Ravi and I are'

Hence the correct answer will be Option 3.

The correct answer is 'it makes it possible to study in a more'.

 Key Points

• The use of past tense 'made' in the sentence is incorrect as the sentence refers to a general, ongoing action. The present tense 'makes' should be used instead.
• The term 'a most energetic and concentrated way' is incorrect. It should be 'a more energetic and concentrated way'.
• Thus, the correct phrase is 'it makes it possible to study in a more energetic and concentrated way'.
• Therefore, the correct sentence should be: "Drinking coffee is something that many professionals recommend because it makes it possible to study in a more energetic and concentrated way."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'are significantly less costly than cash'.

 Key Points

• The phrase 'is significantly less costlier' is grammatically incorrect. It should be 'are significantly less costly'.
• The term 'costlier' is incorrect in this context as 'less' is already comparative. The correct term should be 'costly'.
• 'Is' should be replaced with 'are' to agree with the plural subject 'digital payments'.
• Hence, the correct sentence should be: "Digital payments are the most effective way of receiving payments for business and by their nature are significantly less costly than cash."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'No improvement'.

 Key Points

• The sentence is grammatically correct and makes sense as it is, so no substitution is necessary.
• 'Was in the habit of' is a correct phrase that means the child regularly engaged in this activity in the past.
• 'Going on many expeditions' is the correct verb form to use here.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'much'.

 Key Points

• In this sentence, we are trying to express that the hospital was to a great extent more expensive than expected.
• The adverb 'much' is used to modify an adjective or another adverb, to indicate a high degree or extent.
• Here 'much' is used with the comparative adjective 'more' to emphasize the surprising extent of the hospital's expense.
• So, the correct sentence is: "The hospital was much more expensive than I expected."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 Additional Information

• 'Very' is an intensifier used with non-comparative adjectives or adverbs.
• 'Most' is typically used as a superlative or with uncountable nouns.
• 'Many' is used with countable nouns.

The correct answer is 'a few'.

Key Points

• The phrase 'a few' means a small number.
• In the context of the sentence, it indicates a small number of minutes.
• 'A few' fits correctly in the sentence, resulting in: "They got into the carriage and drove for a few minutes in silence."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 Additional Information

• 'Some' is used with both countable and uncountable nouns, usually when the quantity is unknown or irrelevant.
• 'Much' is used with singular uncountable nouns.
• 'A little' is used with uncountable nouns.

The correct answer is 'yours'.

 Key Points

• 'Yours' is a possessive pronoun, used to indicate that something belongs to 'you' (the person or people that the speaker is addressing).
• 'Yours' correctly completes the sentence as: "All that is mine is yours, she concluded, scanning the faces before her."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• 'You' is a pronoun used to refer to the person or people that the speaker is addressing.
• 'Yours'' is not a correct form.
• 'Your's' states 'your is'.

The correct answer is 'nearest'.

 Key Points

• 'Nearest' is the superlative form of 'near', used to refer to the closest thing or place.
• In this sentence, 'nearest' is used to refer to the cabinet that is closest to the subject, resulting in: "He watched her for a moment then crossed to the nearest cabinet."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 Additional Information

• 'Nearer' is the comparative form of 'near', used when comparing distances between two things.
• 'Near' is used to indicate a short distance.
• 'Nearness' is a noun that means proximity or closeness.

The correct answer is 'early'.

 Key Points

• 'Early' is an adjective used to describe something that happens in the beginning or before the usual time.
• In the sentence, 'early' correctly completes the sentence as: "She had taken an early morning train to the city."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• 'Latest' refers to the most recent or the last in order.
• 'Earlier' refers to a time before the present or before the time mentioned.
• 'Latter' refers to the second of two things or people previously mentioned or implied.

The correct answer is 'to, with'.

 Key Points

• In the first part of the sentence, 'to' is the correct preposition to use in the idiom "the way to a man's heart", which is a popular saying implying that one can win a man's affection by preparing good food for him.
• In the second part of the sentence, 'with' is the correct preposition to use in relation to starting an activity such as cooking or preparing a meal.
• Therefore, the completed sentence reads: "Since everyone knew the way to a man's heart was through his stomach, she started with a special meal."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 Additional Information

• 'Upon' could be used as a more formal alternative to 'on', but it does not fit here.
• 'On' is not suitable in this context. It can indicate contact or connection but is not the typical preposition in the idiom used here.
• 'For' and 'on' do not fit into this context.

The correct answer is 'by, about'.

 Key Points

• 'By' is the correct preposition to use when indicating someone doing something alone or without any help.
• In this context, it means that the person sat alone.
• 'About' is the correct preposition to use when thinking of or considering something.
• In this context, it means that the person was thinking about his future goals.
• The completed sentence reads: "When he had any spare time, he sat by himself thinking about his future goals."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 Additional Information

• 'Over' can mean 'about' or 'on the subject of', but it is usually used when talking or thinking thoroughly about something. It doesn't quite fit here.
• 'On' is used to indicate contact, position, or behavior, which does not fit this context.

The correct answer is 'down, on'.

 Key Points

• 'Down' is the correct preposition to use when describing the sun's rays falling directly and intensely on something, which in this context is the streets of New Delhi.
• 'On' is used to indicate contact or an interaction between two things, and in this context, it refers to the sun's rays hitting the streets.
• Therefore, the completed sentence reads: "The July sun was beating down unmercifully on the streets of New Delhi."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• 'Above' usually denotes a higher position, and in this context, it does not accurately convey the intensity of the sun's rays.
• 'Over' could indicate a broad area, but it does not deliver the same intensity as 'down'.
• 'Off' is used to indicate separation or removal and does not fit in this context.

The correct answer is 'was driving, had'.

 Key Points

• 'Was driving' is the correct past continuous tense form to describe an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past.
• 'Had' is the correct past perfect tense form to indicate an action that occurred and was completed before another past action.
• Therefore, the completed sentence reads: "He was driving a young horse that he had only bought a week or two previously."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 Additional Information

• 'Is driving' and 'did' do not follow the correct sequence of tenses in the context of this sentence.
• 'Drove' and 'has' do not fit here as the actions are continuous and completed in the past, respectively.
• 'Had been driving' and 'has' would create an incorrect sequence of tenses in the context of this sentence.

The correct answer is 'have been lost, was'.

 Key Points

• 'Have been lost' is the present perfect passive form, used to describe actions that were done to the subject (in this case, 'lives') at an unspecified time.
• 'Was' is used to indicate a past action. In this case, it refers to someone who was late in following up.
• Therefore, the completed sentence reads: "Lives have been lost because we have either not been believed or someone was too late following up."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 Additional Information

• 'Was lost' and 'had been' do not create a correct tense sequence in the context of this sentence.
• 'Were lost' and 'is' would be incorrect, as 'were' refers to a definite time in the past and 'is' refers to the present.
• 'Lose' is a present tense verb, which does not fit the context, and 'was' is a past tense verb, not matching the sequence of tenses.

The correct answer is 'persistently, unconsciously'.

Key Points

• Persistently means to continue in a course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition. It indicates determination or tenacity. (दृढ़ता से)
• Example sentence: He persistently pursued his dream of becoming a musician despite many setbacks.
• Unconsciously refers to doing something without being aware of it or without intention. (अचेतन रूप में)
• Example sentence: She unconsciously tapped her foot to the rhythm of the music.
• The context of the sentence suggests that someone tried hard (persistently) to understand or get closer to a woman who had, without realizing (unconsciously), become more reserved after her father's death.
• The combination of 'persistently' and 'unconsciously' fits best in the sentence and provides clarity to the situation described.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• Manually means done by hand rather than by a machine. (हाथ से)
• Luckily refers to happening by chance in a favorable way. (भाग्यशाली रूप में)
• Cleverly means in a way that shows skill or ingenuity. (चतुराई से)
• Singularly means in an outstanding or unusual way. (अद्वितीय रूप में)
• Aggressively refers to doing something in a forceful or assertive manner. (आक्रामक रूप में)
• Suddenly means happening quickly and unexpectedly. (अचानक)

The correct answer is 'described, ferocious'.

 Key Points

• Described means to represent or give an account of in words. (वर्णन किया)
• Example sentence: The painting was described as a masterpiece by the critics.
• Ferocious refers to being savagely fierce, cruel, or violent. (क्रूर)
• Example sentence: The lion is known for its ferocious nature.
• The context of the sentence suggests that a group of people was labeled or portrayed as being exceptionally cruel.
• The combination of 'described' and 'ferocious' provides a clear understanding of the perception people had of this group.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 Additional Information

• Called means to give a specified name or title to. (बुलाया)
• Tender refers to showing gentleness, kindness, and affection. (मुलायम)
• Noted means to observe or pay attention to something. (ध्यान दिया)
• Rapturous refers to expressing extreme pleasure or enthusiasm. (आनंदित)
• Expressed means to convey a thought or feeling in words or by gestures. (अभिव्यक्त किया)
• Perplexed means to be very puzzled or confused. (उलझा हुआ)

The correct answer is 'marketed, prevalent'.

Key Points

• Marketed (मार्केट में लाया गया): This refers to the action of promoting and selling products.
• In this context, Sony first introduced lithium-ion batteries to the market in 1991.
• Example sentence: The company marketed its new product through a series of commercials.
• Prevalent (प्रचलित): This means widely accepted or commonly used. Lithium-ion batteries have become the most common type of rechargeable battery in vehicles.
• Example sentence: The use of solar energy is becoming more prevalent in modern homes.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• Monitored (निगरानी की जाती है): Watched and checked over a period of time.
• Comprehensive (व्यापक): Covering completely or broadly.
• Invested (निवेश किया गया): Expended money with the expectation of achieving a profit or material result.
• Orderly (व्यवस्थित): Neatly and methodically arranged.

The correct answer is "represents, mundane".

Key Points

• Meaning of "Represents": The verb "represents" is used to express or stand for something. In this context, Lara views retirement as an outcome.
• Meaning of "Mundane": The adjective "mundane" refers to something that is ordinary or routine, which suggests why Lara might be dissatisfied with her life.
• Context of Dissatisfaction: The phrase "dissatisfaction with mundane life" conveys that Lara finds her everyday routine unfulfilling.
• Logical Flow: The sentence naturally flows when "represents" and "mundane" are used, making the statement comprehensible and coherent.

Therefore, the correct answer is "represents, mundane."

Complete Sentence: Lara represents the retirement as the final result of a long course of dissatisfaction with mundane life.

Additional Information

• Pretends, methodical:
• Pretends: Means to make believe or feign, which doesn't fit the context of describing dissatisfaction truthfully.
• Methodical: Means organized or systematic, not relevant to expressing dissatisfaction with life.
• Renders, contented:
• Renders: Can mean to provide or give, but doesn't fit well with describing the outcome of dissatisfaction.
• Contented: Means feeling satisfaction or happiness, the opposite of dissatisfaction.
• Subjugates, cynical:
• Subjugates: Means to dominate or bring under control, unrelated to describing an outcome of dissatisfaction.
• Cynical: Means distrustful of human sincerity or integrity, not fitting in the context of dissatisfaction with life being routine.

The correct answer is 'Only (ii)'.

 Key Points

• (i) "Some fats is essential" is incorrect because "fats" is plural and should be paired with "are" not "is".
• (ii) "In our diet as they give us" is correct. This fragment correctly identifies the role of something (in this case, fats) in our diet and what they provide us with.
• (iii) "Energy and helping us" is incorrect. The correct form should be "help" not "helping" to match the verb tense.
• (iv) "Absorbs certain vitamins" is incorrect because "absorbs" is in the singular form while the subject (fats) is plural. The correct form should be "absorb".

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is (ii) and (iv).

Key Points

• (i) "My mother and me" is incorrect. The correct form should be "My mother and I".
• The phrase is the subject of the verb, hence "I" is the correct form as Subjective Pronoun.
• For example:
• "My mother and I went to the store." (Here, "My mother and I" is the subject of the verb "went.")
• (ii) "Are planning to visit" is correct. This fragment provides information about the activity of the subjects (in this case, mother and the speaker).
• (iii) "Our farmhouse at" is correct, as it indicates a specific location.
• When referring to specific days of the week, the preposition "on" is the correct one to use in English. It indicates a particular point in time.
• "On this coming Sunday" refers to the upcoming Sunday, the next Sunday to occur after the current date.
• The prepositions "at" is not typically used with specific days in this context. "At" is used to refer to a specific time (e.g., "at 3:00 p.m.")
• (iv) "This coming Sunday" is correct. This fragment provides a timeframe for the planned activity.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is '(i) and (ii)'.

 Key Points

• (i) "I am going towards the old market" is correct. This fragment provides information about the speaker's intended direction.
• (ii) "as one of my friends" is correct. This fragment provides a reason for the speaker's direction.
• (iii) "Are waiting for" is incorrect. The correct form should be "is waiting for" as the subject is "one" which is singular.
• (iv) "Myself outside the church gate" is incorrect. The correct form should be "me" not "myself".
• In English, reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and object of a sentence refer to the same person or thing. Here, the correct sentence should use the object pronoun "me."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is '(i), (iii) and (iv)'.

 Key Points

• (i) "About 10 billion litres of" is correct. This fragment specifies a quantity of a substance (in this case, ethanol).
• (ii) "Ethanol will being required each" is incorrect. The correct form should be "Ethanol will be required each".
• (iii) "Year to meet the 20 percent" is correct. This fragment provides a timeframe and a specific target.
• (iv) "Ethanol-blended fuel standard by 2025" is correct. This fragment provides specifics about the standard and its timeframe.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'We are probably the only roommates in Tulsa with such old fashioned rules.' (Option 4)

 Key Points

• Option 4 (We are probably the only roommates in Tulsa with such old fashioned rules.):
• This option is grammatically correct, as it properly places the adverb "probably," uses the right preposition "with," and employs the correct adjective phrase "such old fashioned."
• The underlying grammatical concepts include:
• Adverbs: "Probably" is an adverb that modifies the whole sentence or clause, giving a sense of likelihood or probability.
• Prepositions: "With" is the correct preposition to show association or possession of something (in this case, old-fashioned rules).
• Adjective Phrases: "Such old fashioned" is an adjective phrase used to describe the nature of the rules. "Such" is often used with adjectives to emphasize the extent or degree of something.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Let us see why other options are incorrect:

• Option 1 (We are probably the only roommates in Tulsa with so elder fashioned rules.) 
• "so elder fashioned" is incorrect. The use of "so" is inappropriate here, and "elder" is not the right word to use in this context.
• Option 2 (We are the only probably roommates in Tulsa with such old fashioned rules.)
• "the only probably" is an incorrect word order. "Probably" should come before "the only." Adverbs like "probably" should typically precede the adjective or phrase they're modifying. The correct placement would be "probably the only."
• Option 3 (We are probably the only roommates in Tulsa off such old fashioned rules.):
• "off such old fashioned rules" is incorrect. The preposition "off" is incorrect in this context. "With" is the appropriate preposition to show possession or association with the rules.

The correct answer is 'Both men rose from the bench and moved away together as if they were seized by the same idea.' (Option 3)

 Key Points

• Option 3 (Both men rose from the bench and moved away together as if they were seized by the same idea.)
• This option correctly uses the simple past tense, and the phrase "as if they were seized" is a grammatically correct hypothetical construction.
• Proper use of simple past tense: "Both men rose" is the correct form, and it agrees with the later verb "moved."
• "As if they were seized" is a proper hypothetical construction that expresses something unreal or imagined. This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and fits the context well.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

Let us see why other options are incorrect:

• Option 1 (Both men rose from the bench as well as moved away together as if been the same idea seized them.) 
• The phrase "as well as" does not properly link the two verbs in this context, and the clause "as if been" is incorrect.
• "as well as": This phrase is typically used to connect two similar or related things, often nouns or noun phrases, rather than linking verbs in a series. In this context, it's trying to connect two actions, so "and" would be more appropriate.
• "as if been": This clause lacks a subject and a properly conjugated verb. A corrected version might read, "as if the same idea had seized them."
• Option 2 (Both men rising from the bench and together moved away as if seized by the same idea.)
• "Both men rising" is grammatically incorrect, and the sentence lacks cohesion between the different parts.
• By saying "Both men rising," the sentence lacks a finite verb to link the subject with the action. A conjunction like "and" should be used after a verb, not a present participle.
• Option 4 (Both men raise from the bench and moved off together as if seized by the same idea.)
• "Both men raise" is incorrect, and "moved off" is less natural than "moved away."
• Incorrect verb tense with "raise": The verb should be in the simple past tense, "rose," to match the later verb "moved."
• Less Natural Phrase "moved off": While not strictly incorrect, "moved off" is less standard and less clear than "moved away."

The correct answer is 'When Davis first saw his brother, he was holding the hand of a child who sold apples on Essex street.' (Option 1)

 Key Points

• Option 1 (When Davis first saw his brother, he was holding the hand of a child who sold apples on Essex street.): This option is grammatically correct, with proper verb tense and correct usage of "who" for the child selling apples.
• The sentence begins with "When," which is used to indicate the time at which something happened. It sets the context for the main action.
• Past Simple Tense: "Davis first saw his brother" is in the past simple tense, describing an action that took place at a specific moment in the past.
• Past Continuous Tense: "He was holding the hand of a child" is in the past continuous tense, used to describe an action that was ongoing at a specific time in the past. In this case, it helps to visualize a scene where Davis's brother was actively holding the child's hand when Davis saw him.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• Option 2 (When Davis first seen his brother, he was holding the hand of a children who sold apples on Essex street.)
• "first seen" is incorrect; the past tense "saw" should be used. "A children" is incorrect; it should be "a child."
• Option 3 (When Davis first saw his brother, he held the hand of a child which sold apples on Essex street.)
• "which sold" is incorrect for a person; "who sold" is the proper relative pronoun.
• Option 4 (When Davis firstly saw his brother, he was holding the hand of a child which sell apples on Essex street.) 
• "Firstly" is not correct in this context, and "which sell" is incorrect as well.

The correct answer is 'Anxiety disorders differ from normal feelings of nervousness or anxiousness, and involve excessive fear or anxiety.' (Option 2)

 Key Points

• Anxiety disorders differ from normal feelings of nervousness or anxiousness, and involve excessive fear or anxiety.
• This option is grammatically correct. It uses the correct verb "differ" and the correct preposition "from" to describe the difference, and matches the plural subject with the plural verb "involve."
• Subject-Verb Agreement: The plural subject "Anxiety disorders" is matched with the plural verb "differ," maintaining agreement between the subject and verb.
• Proper Use of Prepositions: The verb "differ" is correctly paired with the preposition "from" to indicate a difference between two or more things.
• Parallel Structure: The sentence uses parallelism by comparing "anxiety disorders" to "normal feelings of nervousness or anxiousness." The conjunction "or" is used to connect two parallel structures, ensuring that the sentence flows well.
• Comma Usage: The comma after "anxiousness" separates two independent clauses. This comma, along with the conjunction "and," helps the reader understand the relationship between the two parts of the sentence.
• Correct Use of Articles: The sentence uses the indefinite article "an" before "anxiousness," as it precedes a vowel sound.
• Use of Adjectives: The adjectives "excessive" and "normal" are used to describe and contrast the nouns they modify. "Excessive" describes the fear or anxiety in anxiety disorders, while "normal" describes feelings of nervousness or anxiousness.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• Anxiety disorders different form normal feelings of nervousness or anxiousness, and involves excessive fear or anxiety.
• "Different form" is incorrect; it should be "differ from."
• "Involves" should be "involve" to match the plural subject "Anxiety disorders."
• Anxiety disorders differ with normal feelings of nervousness or anxiousness, and excess fear or anxiety involved.
• "Differ with" is incorrect; "differ from" is the proper expression.
• The phrase "excess fear or anxiety involved" is awkward and grammatically inconsistent with the rest of the sentence.
• Anxiety disorders are different from normal feelings of nervousness or anxiousness, and involving excessive fear or anxiety.
• "Involving" is incorrect here; the verb should be "involve" to align with the subject.

The correct answer is 'Both women took the knives, handling them with awkwardness borne of a lack of familiarity with handling deadly weapons.' (Option 3)

 Key Points

• Both women took the knives, handling them with awkwardness borne of a lack of familiarity with handling deadly weapons.
• This option is grammatically correct, with proper verb forms and word order. It also uses "borne" correctly to mean "caused by."
• Subject and Object Agreement: "Both women" is the plural subject, so the verb "took" is also in the plural form, which is grammatically correct.
• Parallel Structure: The sentence utilizes parallelism by using the gerund form "handling" that mirrors the verb "took." This gives the sentence a rhythmic and balanced feel.
• Pronoun Reference: "Them" is used as a pronoun to refer back to "the knives." It matches in number and gender, ensuring that the reference is clear and correct.
• Prepositional Phrases: There are multiple prepositional phrases, such as "with awkwardness," "of a lack," and "with handling." These add detail and depth to the sentence, specifying how the action is performed.
• Use of "Borne": "Borne" is the past participle of the verb "to bear." In this context, it means "caused by" or "carried by." The phrase "borne of a lack of familiarity" conveys the idea that the awkwardness is a result of their inexperience.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

​

Additional Information

• Both women took the knives, and handled those with awkwardness borne of a lacking of familiarity with handle of deadly weapons.
• "Handled those" is awkward; "them" should be used instead.
• "A lacking of familiarity" is incorrect; "a lack of familiarity" is correct.
• "Handle of deadly weapons" is grammatically incorrect and awkward.
• Both women took the knives, handled them with awkwardness born of a lack of familiarity with handling weapons deadly.
• "Weapons deadly" is an incorrect order of words; it should be "deadly weapons."
• Both women taken the knives, handling them with awkwardness borne with a lack of familiarity of handling dead weapons.
• "Taken" is incorrect; it should be "took."
• "Borne with" is incorrect; "borne of" is the correct phrase.
• "Of handling dead weapons" is incorrect; "with handling deadly weapons" should be used.

The correct answer is 'All the pipes will be fixed by a plumber.' (Option 3)

 Key Points

• The given sentence is in active voice and in the future simple tense, so the passive voice must also be in the future simple tense.
• In the passive voice, the object of the active voice becomes the subject, and the subject becomes the agent.
• The future simple passive voice is constructed by using "will" + "be" + the past participle of the main verb.
• Example:
• Active voice: ​He will write a letter
• Passive voice: A letter will be written by him
• Thus, the correct passive form of "A plumber will fix all the pipes" is "All the pipes will be fixed by a plumber."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Important Points

• Active Voice
• When an action performed by the subject is expressed by the verb, it is an active voice.
• Active voice is used when more straightforward relation and clarity is required between the subject and the verb.
• For example,
• Hens lay eggs.
• Birds build nests.
• Passive Voice
• When the action expressed by the verb is received by the subject, it is passive voice.
• Passive voice is used when the doer of the action is not known and the focus of the sentence is on the action and not the subject.
• For example,
• Eggs are laid by hens.
• Nests are built by birds.

The correct answer is 'Boiled vegetables are eaten by Pratima in the morning.' (Option 4)

 Key Points

• The given sentence is in active voice and in the present simple tense, so the passive voice must also be in the present simple tense.
• In the passive voice, the object of the active voice becomes the subject, and the subject becomes the agent.
• The present simple passive voice is constructed by using "are" + the past participle of the main verb.
• Example:- 
• ​Sheena does the housework- The housework is done by Sheena
• Thus, the correct passive form of "Pratima eats boiled vegetables in the morning" is "Boiled vegetables are eaten by Pratima in the morning."
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Important Points

• Active Voice
• When an action performed by the subject is expressed by the verb, it is an active voice.
• Active voice is used when more straightforward relation and clarity is required between the subject and the verb.
• For example,
• Hens lay eggs.
• Birds build nests.
• Passive Voice
• When the action expressed by the verb is received by the subject, it is passive voice.
• Passive voice is used when the doer of the action is not known and the focus of the sentence is on the action and not the subject.
• For example,
• Eggs are laid by hens.
• Nests are built by birds.

The correct answer is 'The train might not be caught by you.' (Option 2)

 Key Points

• The given sentence is in active voice and uses the modal verb "might," so the passive voice must also use the modal verb "might."
• In the passive voice, the object of the active voice becomes the subject, and the subject becomes the agent.
• The passive voice with "might" is constructed by using "might" + "be" + the past participle of the main verb.
• Thus, the correct passive form of "You might not catch the train" is "The train might not be caught by you."

​Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Important Points

• Active Voice
• When an action performed by the subject is expressed by the verb, it is an active voice.
• Active voice is used when more straightforward relation and clarity is required between the subject and the verb.
• For example,
• Hens lay eggs.
• Birds build nests.
• Passive Voice
• When the action expressed by the verb is received by the subject, it is passive voice.
• Passive voice is used when the doer of the action is not known and the focus of the sentence is on the action and not the subject.
• For example,
• Eggs are laid by hens.
• Nests are built by birds.

The correct answer is 'Priya is handling the real estate project.' (Option 2)

 Key Points

• The given sentence is in passive voice and in the present continuous tense, so the active voice must also be in the present continuous tense.
• In the active voice, the agent of the passive voice becomes the subject, and the subject becomes the object.
• The present continuous active voice is constructed by using the subject + "is" + present participle of the main verb.
• Example:
• Passive- The bananas are being eaten by them
• Active- They are eating bananas.
• Thus, the correct active form of "The real estate project is being handled by Priya" is "Priya is handling the real estate project."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Important Points

• Active Voice
• When an action performed by the subject is expressed by the verb, it is an active voice.
• Active voice is used when more straightforward relation and clarity is required between the subject and the verb.
• For example,
• Hens lay eggs.
• Birds build nests.
• Passive Voice
• When the action expressed by the verb is received by the subject, it is passive voice.
• Passive voice is used when the doer of the action is not known and the focus of the sentence is on the action and not the subject.
• For example,
• Eggs are laid by hens.
• Nests are built by birds.

The correct answer is 'The potential use of a renewable polymer has been investigated by the new research.' (Option 1)

 Key Points

• The given sentence is in active voice and in the present perfect tense, so the passive voice must also be in the present perfect tense.
• In the passive voice, the object of the active voice becomes the subject, and the subject becomes the agent.
• The present perfect passive voice is constructed by using "has" + "been" + the past participle of the main verb.
• Example:
• Have they left the apartment?-  Has the apartment been left by them?
• Thus, the correct passive form of the sentence is Option 1.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Important Points

• Active Voice
• When an action performed by the subject is expressed by the verb, it is an active voice.
• Active voice is used when more straightforward relation and clarity is required between the subject and the verb.
• For example,
• Hens lay eggs.
• Birds build nests.
• Passive Voice
• When the action expressed by the verb is received by the subject, it is passive voice.
• Passive voice is used when the doer of the action is not known and the focus of the sentence is on the action and not the subject.
• For example,
• Eggs are laid by hens.
• Nests are built by birds.

The correct answer is 'You are requested to bake the cake before heading back home.' (Option 1)

 Key Points

• The given sentence is in the imperative mood, expressing a request or command.
• In the passive voice, we can use "You are requested" or similar expressions to turn a command into a polite request.
• Example:
• Please come here.- You are requested to come here.
• Thus, the correct passive form of "Please bake the cake before heading back to home" is "You are requested to bake the cake before heading back home."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Important Points

• If the verb in the Active voice expresses orders, requests, advice etc. the word „Let‟ is usually placed at the beginning of the Passive voice and be verb is placed before the Past Participle of the main verb.
• Shut the door. - Let the door be shut.
• Tell him to go. - Let him be told to go.

The correct answer is 'The caretaker says that he will go to Hyderabad.' (Option 2)

 Key Points

• The given sentence is in direct speech, and the reporting verb is in the present tense ("says").
• In indirect speech, the verb tenses generally do not change when the reporting verb is in the present tense.
• Therefore, the conjunction "that" is used, and the rest of the sentence remains the same.
• Thus, the correct indirect form of the sentence is "The caretaker says that he will go to Hyderabad."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Important Points

• The tenses of direct speech do not change if the reporting verb is in future tense or present tense.
• Direct to indirect speech example:

● Direct: She says/will say, “she is going.”

● Indirect: She says/will say she is going.

The correct answer is 'He said to her, "I got engaged yesterday."'

 Key Points

• The statement in direct speech should have the same meaning as its corresponding indirect speech.
• The past perfect tense ('had got engaged') in the indirect speech is usually transformed into past simple tense ('got engaged') in direct speech.
• For the conversion from indirect to direct speech, we replace 'had' with 'got' and 'the previous day' with 'yesterday'.
• The conversational context is specified using 'said to her' instead of just 'said'.
• Therefore, the option that fulfils all these criteria is option 3.
• Correct sentence- He said to her, "I got engaged yesterday."
• Other choices do not correctly convert the given indirect speech into direct speech since they introduce tense discrepancies or inappropriate constructs.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'The secretary ordered his employee not to show his face.'

 Key Points

• The direct speech is given in the imperative mood, expressing a command.
• The appropriate way to convert this into indirect speech is by using forms such as 'ordered' or 'told' followed by 'not to' for negative commands.
• Replace 'Said to' with verbs like ordered, requested, forbade, suggested, etc., as appropriate.
• Use the conjunction 'to'.
• After 'To', the verb should be in its base form (V1).
• Make appropriate changes in tense, pronoun, etc., while converting.
• Example: She said to me, "Do not come here."
• Correct Indirect Speech: She forbade me to come there.
• Thus, the correct conversion of the command from the secretary in direct speech into indirect speech would be "The secretary ordered his employee not to show his face."
• Option 4 fits this pattern and transforms the sentence correctly.
• Other options fail to appropriately convey the command from the secretary in indirect speech.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'My doctor recommended to take those medicines in the morning.'

 Key Points

• The original sentence contains advice or a recommendation from the doctor.
• When changing direct speech into indirect speech that contains advice, the word 'recommended' is typically used.
• Use the conjunction 'to' after 'recommended'.
• After 'To', the verb should be in its base form (V1).
• The verb 'take' is more appropriate in this context rather than 'you should take'.
• 'these' will changed to 'those'.
• Therefore, option 2 takes into account all these rules.
• The other options do not correctly translate the advice given in direct speech to indirect speech.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'The woman exclaimed with sorrow that she had lost her son the previous day.'

 Key Points

• The nature of the sentence is an exclamation of sorrow.
• Expressions of sorrow are usually conveyed as 'exclaimed with sorrow' in indirect speech.
• Example:
• She said, "Alas! I am undone."
• She exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone
• The phrase 'Alas! I lost my son yesterday.' gets transformed into 'she had lost her son the previous day.'
• So, option 1 aligns with the context and successfully converts the direct speech into indirect speech.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'The old lady wished that God might give me strength to fight that disease.'

 Key Points

• The given sentence is an optative sentence. (Optative sentences are a type of sentence structure used to express wishes, hopes, prayers, or desires.)
• Replace 'Said' with 'wished' or 'prayed' as needed.
• Use the conjunction 'that'.
• Adjust the tense and pronoun accordingly.
• Examples:
• She exclaimed, "May God forgive him."
• The indirect speech is: She prayed that God might forgive him.
• They exclaimed, "May the king live long."
• The indirect speech is: They wished that the king might live for a long time.
• Prayers or wishing well for someone are usually transformed as 'wished that' in indirect speech.
• Expressions of request in indirect speech often use the verb form 'might'.
• The phrase 'May God give you strength to fight this disease.' gets transformed into 'God might give me strength to fight that disease.'
• The remaining options either do not use the correct structure to portray a wish or prayer or have incorrect grammatical constructs.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'PQSR'

Key Points

• The base sentence is "The balloon cannot", so the following fragment should logically connect to the idea of what the balloon can't do.
• Option P "be transferred with any" follows as it forms a meaningful continuation from the base statement, painting a picture of the balloon's inability to do something.
• Next, Option Q "degree of certainty from" logically connects with the preceding part by providing the sense of challenge or difficulty in performing a certain action with the balloon.
• Option S "one point of the earth's", fits as it starts describing the origin point for the transfer or movement that's been discussed.
• Finally, Option R "surface to another" completes the sentence in a meaningful way providing the conclusion range for the transfer of the balloon.
• Therefore, the correct sequence is P,Q,S,R forming the sentence "The balloon cannot be transferred with any degree of certainty from one point of the earth's surface to another."

The correct answer is 'RQPS' (Option 2).

 Key Points

• Starting with "It was hard to believe" (R) sets the tone of surprise or astonishment for the entire sentence.
• The phrase "a village could be this" (Q) introduces the subject (a village) and connects well with the beginning sentiment, enhancing the element of surprise.
• "Close and they didn't" (P) provides information about the proximity of the village.
• "Know it was there" (S) completes the sentence by clarifying that the village's presence was unknown to them.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 'RQPS'. It was hard to believe a village could be this close and they didn't know it was there.

The correct answer is 'RSQP' (Option 3).

 Key Points

• The segment 'R: in our study described' is a good beginning as it refers to what the faculty members explained in the study.
• 'S: a variety of reasons they' provides a continuation as it introduces the reasons.
• Q: believed search committees' connect the previous part logically.
• Finally, P: avoided talking about race' completes the whole sentence.
• Putting it all together, the sequence 'RSQP' is the most logical.
• The other sequences do not maintain logical flow or coherence when forming a complete sentence from the individual parts.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'PQRS' (Option 3).

 Key Points

• 'P: In order to draw air into its mouth, the frog lowers the floor of its mouth' needs to be the start of the sentence to set the initial condition of air inhalation.
• The action of the frog lowering the floor of its mouth leads to the result given in 'Q: This causes the throat to expand'.
• Following this, 'R: Then the nostrils open allowing air to enter the enlarged mouth' makes sense, as it is the next step in the process.
• The sequence of actions is concluded with 'S: The nostrils then close and the air in the mouth is forced into the lungs by contraction of the floor of the mouth', which outlines the final step of air entering the lungs.
• Consequently, the most logical sequence is 'PQRS'.
• The other options do not detail the frog's process of inhaling in a consistent and logical sequence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'RPSQ'.

Key Points

• The passage begins by setting the general context about Faba beans which is fulfilled by sentence R: "Faba beans are a pulse crop that is part of the legume family."
• This sentence presents general, foundational information about Faba beans, introducing them as part of the legume family.
• Statement P ("Faba bean is grown and marketed for its edible seeds") further details the original description of Faba bean by elucidating its specific purpose of being grown and marketed primarily for its edible seeds.
• Therefore, it naturally builds on the understanding provided in R.
• Statement S ("They can be purchased fresh in the pod or in a fresh cold sealed pack") follows P by narrowing down to the information about how Faba beans are physically presented or available in the market for the customers.
• The final statement should then be Q ("Faba beans are sold for both human consumption and for livestock feed or fodder").
• It expands on the usage of the Faba beans mentioned in previous statements and imparts complete understanding of Faba beans context by signifying that they are used not only for human consumption but also as fodder, thus bringing the passage to a logical and comprehensive conclusion.

Therefore, the correct order is Option 2: R, P, S, Q.

The correct answer is 'QSRP' (Option 1).

 Key Points

• The statement 'Q: Australia is set to open the world's first platypus sanctuary in order to help the native species from going extinct' should begin the passage as it introduces the key subject.
• This is followed naturally by 'S: The duck-billed platypus is facing extinction due to bush fires and drought linked to the climate crisis', highlighting the importance of the task.
• 'R: By 2022, the Taronga Conservation Society Australia and the New South Wales State government will open the specialist facility' provides a specific future perspective.
• 'P: The facility will consist mostly of ponds and burrows for the semiaquatic creatures' ends the passage by giving information about what the facilities will be like.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'SPQR' (Option 4).

 Key Points

• The sequence starts with a statement (S) suggesting a solution, indicating that cutting methane emissions is crucial.
• The next statement (P) emphasizes the importance of this opportunity, building upon the urgency indicated in the first statement.
• Following the solution and its significance, statement (Q) provides context by explaining how methane significantly contributes to global warming.
• Finally, statement (R) pinpoints a major source of the problem, offering specifics about the oil and gas industry's role.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4

The correct answer is 'Science fiction.'

Key Points

• H.G. Wells, the author of 'The Invisible Man', is well known for his contribution to the science fiction genre. He is often hailed as one of "The Fathers of Science Fiction".
• The core of the novel 'The Invisible Man' revolves around a scientist named Griffin who becomes invisible. This plot device showcases a distinct blend of human narrative and scientific principles, which aligns with the science fiction genre.
• The idea of invisibility is based on scientific principles related to light and refraction. By integrating these authentic scientific theories into his fictional narrative, Wells was able to explore the possible consequences of such scientific advancements.
• The exploration of the unknown, represented by the creation and consequences of invisibility here, are fundamental elements of science fiction.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'Natyashastra.'

 Key Points

• The Natyashastra is an exhaustive ancient Indian treatise that encompasses the performing arts, including theatre, dance, and music. Its connection to a variety of performance arts asserts its relation to theatre.
• The Natyashastra, often considered the backbone of fine arts in India, covers a wide range of topics related to theatrical performance, making it a comprehensive manual for theatre.
• Originating between 200 BCE and 200 CE, the Natyashastra is one of the earliest known references to dramatic arts, reinforcing its significance in the context of ancient Indian theatre.
• Its profound influence on traditional forms of Indian performing arts and its enduring relevance in contemporary theatrical studies vouches for Natyashastra's pivotal role in theatre.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'The Restoration Period.'

 Key Points

• Aphra Behn was a prolific writer during the Restoration period (1660–1688) in England.
• Behn's life and work were directly influenced by the distinctive political and cultural atmosphere of the Restoration era.
• Aphra Behn's works, like her infamous play 'The Rover', capture the liberal attitudes, the wit and sexuality, and the freedom of the stage that were characteristic of the Restoration period.
• She is particularly significant for her role as one of the first English women to earn her living by her writing during the Restoration period.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'Ice - Candy Man.'

 Key Points

• The movie 'Earth' is the second installment in Deepa Mehta's Elements trilogy, and is adapted from the novel 'Ice-Candy-Man' by Bapsi Sidhwa.
• Both 'Ice - Candy Man' and the film 'Earth' deal with the turbulent times of the India-Pakistan partition in 1947 from the perspective of a young Parsi girl.
• 'Ice-Candy-Man', written by Bapsi Sidhwa, a renowned Pakistani novelist, in 1988, was significantly influenced by her personal experiences and observations of the sociopolitical dynamics of South Asia.
• Deepa Mehta's collaboration with Sidhwa resulted in an accurate and poignant cinematic adaptation of 'Ice - Candy Man' in the film 'Earth'.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'Chess.'

 Key Points

• "Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found There" by Lewis Carroll, the sequel to "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland," heavily incorporates the game of chess as an overarching metaphor.
• Each chapter of the book correlates to a move in a game of chess, the entire narrative mapping onto a specifically designed chess game.
• The characters that Alice encounters are chess pieces, including kings, queens, knights, and pawns, all of whom have an assigned move in the game.
• Alice's journey itself is compared to a pawn's progress across the chessboard. She begins as a pawn and becomes a queen when she reaches the other side of the board, mirroring the rules of chess.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'Chinua Achebe.'

 Key Points

• Chinua Achebe is a celebrated Nigerian novelist, poet, critic, and academic. He is the author of the novel "The Arrow of God," which is part of his critically acclaimed African trilogy.
• His critique of Joseph Conrad's portrayal of Africa and Africans in "Heart of Darkness," a well-known novella, has also shaped literary discourse around post-colonial perspectives.
• As one of Africa's leading literary voices, Achebe's work focuses on African politics, traditions, and changing societies, all prominent themes in "The Arrow of God."
• His insightful critique and presentation of post-colonial African life have earned him recognition as not just a novelist, but an eminent critic as well.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is '14.'

 Key Points

• A sonnet is a form of lyrical poetry that consists of 14 lines. Sonnets are usually structured in iambic pentameter, a metrical pattern involving five pairs of syllables.
• Originating in Italy, this poetic form has been widely used by numerous poets in different languages, with the most notable English sonneteers being William Shakespeare and Edmund Spenser.
• Sonnets typically have a strict rhyming scheme and are divided into two sections: the octave (first 8 lines) and the sestet (final 6 lines), or three quatrains and a couplet (in the Shakespearean sonnet).
• The stringent structure, combined with the profundity of emotions often contained within, has made the sonnet a challenging but respected form of poetry across centuries.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'Fire and Ice.'

 Key Points

• "Fire and Ice" is not a poem written by Sylvia Plath, but by the American poet Robert Frost.
• Sylvia Plath, known for her confessional style of poetry, is famous for her poems like "Daddy," "Lady Lazarus," and "Ariel." These works often incorporate themes of angst, mental illness, and the complexities of the female condition.
• In contrast, "Fire and Ice" by Robert Frost is a famous short poem that philosophically ponders the end of the world, reflecting Frost's often contemplated themes of human existence and nature.
• The succinct yet evocative style present in "Fire and Ice" is characteristic of Robert Frost's poetic approach, further differentiating it from Plath's more personal and intense style.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'Pot of Gold.'

 Key Points

• The 'Pot of Gold' is a play by ancient Roman playwright Plautus. Unlike 'Macbeth,' 'Oedipus Rex,' or 'King Lear,' it does not fit the genre of tragedy.
• This play, also known as 'Aulularia' in Latin, is a comedic play that revolves around the theme of greed and the absurd lengths a person would go to protect his wealth.
• The primary storyline, which follows Euclio, a miserly old man who finds a pot of gold and becomes paranoid about hiding and protecting it, elicits humor and satire, distinguishing it from tragic narratives.
• Distinctive comedic elements like mistaken identities, slapstick humor, and happy resolutions, which are starkly different from tragic themes of fatal flaws, downfall, and tragic endings, are present in 'Pot of Gold.'

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'The Color Purple.'

 Key Points

• 'The Color Purple' is a novel written by American author Alice Walker that narrates the life of a young African-American girl named Celie.
• Set in the deep American South, the novel unfolds Celie's journey from childhood to womanhood chronicling her struggles, oppressions, and eventual self-discovery and independence.
• This epistolary novel, presented through Celie's heartfelt letters to God and her sister Nettie, offers an intimate, emotional, firsthand account of Celie's life and transformation.
• 'The Color Purple' is renowned for its powerful exploration of themes like race, gender, violence, resilience, and the power of sisterhood.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is '1925.'

 Key Points

• F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel 'The Great Gatsby' was published in 1925. It is considered a paramount work of American literature.
• Set in the Jazz Age, this novel reflects the decadence, excess, and illusionary dreams of the Roaring Twenties in America.
• Through its iconic characters and layered narrative, Fitzgerald critiques the flaws and contradictions in the American Dream and the larger American society.
• Despite initial mixed reviews, 'The Great Gatsby' has gained tremendous literary and academic value over time, becoming widely recognized and studied in American literature.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'Metaphor.'

 Key Points

• The figure of speech used in the line "She is all states and all princes I" is a metaphor, a literary device that equates one thing directly with another for rhetorical effect.
• In this line, the metaphor is used to equate 'she' with 'all states and all princes,' indicating that an individual's significance surpasses that of states and princes.
• Unlike similes, metaphors establish a direct comparison without using words like 'as' or 'like.'
• The use of metaphor in this line intensifies its emotional impact and imbues it with a deeper meaning, thereby enriching the language and the overall expression of the text.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'Pablo Neruda.'

 Key Points

• The lines "Tonight I can write the saddest lines. Write, for example, 'The night is shattered and the blue stars shiver in the distance. The night wind revolves in the sky and sings'" are credited to Chilean poet Pablo Neruda.
• These lines are an excerpt from his perennially celebrated collection of poems, 'Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.'
• Considered one of the most important Latin American poets of the 20^th century, Neruda's expressive style enlivens emotions and paints vivid images that resonate deeply with readers.
• Renowned for his passionate, sensual, and deeply emotive poetry, Neruda's work often explores intricate themes of love, beauty, nature, human existence, and despair.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is ' I - 3, II - 4, III - 2, IV - 1'

 Key Points

• "Train to Pakistan" is a historical novel by Khushwant Singh, shedding light on the tragic events of the Partition of India in 1947. The narrative provides a nuanced exploration of the human implications of such a massive disruption.
• "India Divided" is a seminal text by Rajendra Prasad, the first president of independent India. The book provides an insightful perspective on the division of India through political and historical lenses.
• "Clear Light of Day" is a novel by Anita Desai, illustrating the effects of the Partition at the familial and individual levels, focusing on the life of the Das family in Old Delhi.
• "Pinjar" is a Punjabi novel authored by Amrita Pritam, highlighting the plight of women during the turbulent period of Partition.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'an insect.'

 Key Points

• "Metamorphosis" is a novella written by Franz Kafka, where the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, transforms into an insect.
• The story begins when Gregor awakes one morning to find himself transformed into a monstrous insect-like creature and follows his attempts to adjust to his new predicament.
• Kafka's use of transformation or metamorphosis serves to extend the themes of alienation, guilt, and existential anxiety.
• Gregor's transformation into an insect has been read as an allegory for being marginalized and judged based purely on appearances, rather than personal character or spirit.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'I and III' .

Key Points

• Madame Bovary, authored by Gustave Flaubert, primarily revolves around the character of Emma Bovary, who becomes Madame Bovary through her marriage to Charles Bovary.
• Emma Bovary is the protagonist of the novel, and her desires, illusions, and ultimately tragic life form the main narrative thread.
• In the novel, she is portrayed as Charles Bovary's wife, and several parts of the narrative focus on the dynamics of their marriage.
• The other significant female figure in the story is Charles' mother, who has an influential role in his life.
• However, she is not the titular Madame Bovary.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is ' Both I and II"

 Key Points

• Mary Ann Evans is an iconic English novelist known by her pen name George Eliot. She adopted the male pen name to ensure her works were taken seriously in an era that was predominantly male.
• "The Mill on the Floss" is one of her most famous novels, following the life of Maggie Tulliver and exploring themes of gender, societal pressures, and personal desire.
• George Eliot's work is known for its psychological insight, detailed description of rural life, and strong character development, all of which are highly visible in "The Mill on the Floss."
• Her preference for the male pseudonym and her critical reception have contributed significantly to discussions about gender and authorship in the literary world.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'Ode: Intimations of Immortality.'

 Key Points

• "Ode: Intimations of Immortality" is a lengthy and revered poem by English Romantic poet William Wordsworth.
• The specific opening lines in question resonate with Wordsworth's Romantic ideology and his belief in the resiliency and the divinity of the human soul.
• The poem explores themes like the sublime, childhood, innocence, the ephemerality of life, and the power of memory, reflective of Wordsworth's broader poetic corpus.
• In this piece, Wordsworth examines the relationship between the spiritual and natural world, revisiting his favorite premise of nature as an arcadia offering spiritual transcendence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is '3 days' (Option 2).

Key Points

• The passage states clearly that "the heart forms 18 days into foetal development and begins to pump blood about three days later".
• This indicates that the heart starts to pump blood three days after it forms.
• Hence, it provides a direct answer to the question asked about when the heart starts to pump blood after its development.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'How heart pumps blood in our body?' (Option 4).

Key Points

• The passage discusses the formation of the heart, the SA node, its dysfunction, and arrhythmia but it does not explain how the heart pumps blood.
• While it does discuss the formation of the heart and the heart's function in terms of the SA node and arrhythmia, it does not explicitly state how the heart pumps blood.
• Thus, the statement in Option 4 is not answered by given passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4

The correct answer is 'The heart beats irregularly during arrhythmia.' (Option 2).

 Key Points

• The passage clearly states that "One of the most common symptoms of a dysfunctional SA node, experienced by about two million people a year in the UK, is arrhythmia."
• It then further explains that during arrhythmia, "the heart beats too fast, too slow, or irregularly."
• Based on this information, we can definitively say that the heart beats irregularly during arrhythmia.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'Convey' (Option 3).

Key Points

• In the context of the passage, the word 'relay' is used in the line "The nerves that relay input about our required heart rate connect to a specialised centre in the wall of the right atrium."
• The term 'relay' here suggests the transmission or conveying of information from one part to another, specifically in terms of the nerve inputs about our required heart rate.
• Therefore, 'convey' which means to transmit or make known, is the synonym that fits the context best.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'Only I'.

Key Points

• The passage mentions that many people with a dysfunction of the SA node may not have symptoms, indicating variability in how the condition manifests among individuals.
• It highlights arrhythmia as a common symptom amongst approximately two million people a year in the UK, suggesting that while some may experience this symptom, others may not, further supporting the variability in symptoms.
• The inference that symptoms of a dysfunctional SA node are not the same for every person aligns with the passage's indication of symptom variability and the absence of symptoms in many cases.
• This variability in symptoms can be critical for diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing the need for personalized medical approaches.
• Understanding that symptoms can vary greatly from person to person can lead to better awareness and monitoring for those at risk of SA node dysfunction.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Additional Information

• The statement "We can control all the muscles in our body except heart" is not directly supported by the passage. The passage specifies that cardiac muscle cannot be voluntarily controlled due to its regulation by the autonomic nervous system, but it does not make a sweeping statement about all other muscles being under voluntary control. This exclusion does not lead to the inference that all other muscles can be voluntarily controlled, as it doesn't account for automatic functions in other involuntary muscles, such as those in the digestive tract.

The correct answer is 'Scarcity of water on the Mars' (Option 1).

Key Points

• The passage predominantly revolves around the current and historical state of water and atmosphere on Mars.
• It also discusses the presence of water on Mars' surface and compares the Martian atmosphere with Earth's atmosphere.
• It explains the scarcity of water on Mars along with the reasons behind the current state of the planet.
• The passage concludes with the early history of Mars/Earth/Venus and their atmospheric similarities and differences.
• Other options focus on partial or inconsistent aspects of the passage that do not represent the passage's central theme.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'Mars and Earth shared same basic materials during accumulation' (Option 2).

 Key Points

• The passage clearly states that Mars, Earth, and Venus likely formed from the gradual accumulation of the same basic materials, which indicates similarities in their early history.
• This clarifies that during the accretion process, Mars and Earth shared the same basic materials.
• Hence, Option 2 provides a correct statement based on the information from the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'radically' (Option 4).

Key Points

• In the context of the passage, the blank (A) is used to describe the past climate of Mars, which allowed liquid water to remain on the surface for long periods.
• This climate is indicated to be fundamentally different from the current cold, arid climate of Mars.
• Therefore, 'radically', which means 'fundamentally' or 'greatly', fits most appropriately in the blank.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4

The correct answer is 'ice sheet' (Option 2).

Key Points

• The passage mentions that "Water on Mars is currently found on the surface as a layer of ice - several kilometres thick - at the north pole."
• This indicates that the present form of water on Mars is in the form of an ice sheet.
• Hence, 'ice sheet' is the correct response.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'Bountiful' (Option 3).

 Key Points

• In the passage, the word 'plenty' is used to refer to the abundant evidence of water on Mars' surface in the distant past.
• 'Bountiful', which means abundant or plentiful, is a synonym for 'plenty'.
• Therefore, 'bountiful' fits as a synonym for 'plenty' in the given context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The answer is 4). Unintentional.

Key Points

Learning is a continuous, active, and individualistic process. It is a process of change that occurs over time as a result of our experiences. Learning is active because we must engage in mental and physical activities in order to learn. Learning is individualistic because each person learns in their own unique way.

Unintentional learning is possible, but it is not the most common form of learning. Most learning is intentional, meaning that we set out to learn something new. We may do this by reading, taking a class, or simply by observing the world around us.

So, the answer is 4). Unintentional. Learning is not always unintentional. It can be intentional, active, and individualistic.

The answer is 4). I, II and III.

Key Points

Babies can feel a wide range of emotions from birth, including interest, distress, and happiness. They communicate these emotions through facial expressions and body posture.

For example, babies who are interested in something may widen their eyes, open their mouths, and turn their heads towards the object. Babies who are distressed may cry, frown, and arch their backs. Babies who are happy may smile, coo, and kick their legs.

These facial expressions and body postures are not always easy to interpret, but with time and practice, parents and caregivers can learn to recognize the different emotions that their babies are feeling.

Here are some examples of how babies communicate their emotions through facial expressions and body posture:

• Interest: Wide eyes, open mouth, head turned towards the object.
• Distress: Crying, frowning, arching back.
• Happiness: Smiling, cooing, kicking legs.

It is important to note that babies' emotions are not always black and white.

They may feel a mixture of emotions at the same time. For example, a baby who is being held by a new caregiver may feel both excited and scared.

The caregiver can help the baby to feel more comfortable by talking to the baby in a soothing voice and making gentle movements.

Hence, the answer is option 4.

The correct answer is Neither I nor II.

Key Points 

Both statements seem to be mixed up with their respective terminologies.

• Statement I - "For additional support the child is placed in a resource room" generally pertains to a strategy used in integrated education. In an integrated setting, students with special needs may be taken out of the regular classroom for parts of the school day to receive more intensive support in a resource room.

• Statement II - "All the required support will be made available to the students in the regular classroom" is more aligned with the principle of inclusive education. Inclusive education ideally aims to provide all necessary supports for students with diverse needs within the regular classroom setting itself. In this model, the goal is to adapt the learning environment so that all students can participate fully.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Key Points 

• Gender differences are both culturally influenced and socially constructed. Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, and norms of a group of people.
• Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the norms and expectations of their culture. Gender roles are the social expectations about how men and women should behave.
• Culturally influenced gender differences are those that are shaped by the values and norms of a particular culture. For example, in some cultures, it is considered more appropriate for women to stay at home and take care of the children, while in other cultures, women are expected to work outside the home.
• Socially constructed gender differences are those that are created by the way we interact with each other. For example, we often associate certain colors, toys, and activities with either boys or girls.
• Both cultural and social factors can influence gender differences. For example, the fact that women are often paid less than men for doing the same work is a result of both cultural and social factors.
• Culturally, we may believe that women are not as capable as men in the workplace. Socially, we may have created a system that makes it more difficult for women to advance in their careers.

So, the gender differences are both culturally influenced and socially constructed.

Key Points 

• Mime, puppets, and acting are all great ways to encourage students to speak English. When teachers use these techniques, they are modeling the use of English and creating a fun and engaging environment for learning. It is a type of silent performance that uses body language, facial expressions, and gestures to tell a story.
• Puppets are another great way to encourage students to speak English. When teachers use puppets, they can create characters that speak English and interact with students. This can be a fun and engaging way to teach students about different cultures and perspectives.
• Acting is a great way to help students develop their fluency in English. When teachers use acting, they can create scenarios that require students to use English to communicate. This can be a great way to help students practice speaking and listening skills, and it can also be a lot of fun.