Social Studies PYQs

Teaching aids are materials used by the teacher to help students understand the concepts introduced during the lesson. It is difficult to make understand geographical concepts with the help of mere verbal description but it is easier to understand than through the media of teaching materials. 

Importance of Teaching aids:

• develop conceptual thinking.
• create an environment of interest for the students.
• helps to increase the vocabulary of the students.
• helps to make learning permanent.
• provide direct experience to the students.

Key Points 

• Globes are the exact figure or model of the earth.
• It illustrates the correct shape, size, and location of various Continents, Countries, Oceans, Seas, and Cities on the earth.
• The rotation and revolution of the earth can be very clearly shown by it along with the continents and oceans.

Hence, Globe is the most suitable teaching aid to show the proportionate size and shape of continents.

The Tour method is the best approach to make learning alive by connecting it with real-life situations in geography teaching.

Key Points

The arrangement of educational tours for students in the school is very much important because: 

• it makes students able to get knowledge because of their direct contact (with new environment/people/education institute).
• it provides opportunities to bridge the gap between the theoretical and practical aspects of learning.
• it introduces such concepts, ideas, and hands-on experiences that can't be provided in a classroom of Geography
• it is about taking the students to a certain place where they can earn knowledge by direct contact with real situations.

Hence, it could be concluded that the arrangement of tours for students in geography Teaching is very much important because it makes students able to get knowledge because of their direct contact.

Key Points

• A universal language of the map can be understood by the way of the Conventional Symbol.
• Conventional Symbols are widely accepted signs or sign systems that signify an idea or concept.
• They represent different features on the map and are not to draw to scale. It is not possible to draw various features such as buildings, roads, bridges, railway lines, trees. So they can be shown by using letters, shades, color lines, pictures. With the use of this symbol map can be drawn easily.
• There is an international agreement regarding these symbols to draw on the map.

​Thus, it can be concluded that A universal language of the map can be understood by way of Conventional Symbols.

The Correct Answer is Glacier.

Key Points

• U Shaped Valley is formed by Glacier.
• Glacial Valley also called the glacial trough. stream valley that has been glaciated, usually to a  typical catenary, or U Shaped cross-section.
• Glacial erosion produces U Shaped valleys are so shaped because the lower part of the U is far underwater, the visible walls of fjords may rise vertically for hundreds of feet from the water's edge, and close to the shore the water may be many hundreds of feet deep.
• U Shaped valleys occur in many parts of the world and are characteristic features of mountain glaciation.
• The common V-Shaped stream valley is converted to a U-Shaped valley because the U- Shape provides the least frictional resistance to the moving glacier.
• Because a glacier has a much greater viscosity and cross-section than a river, its course has fewer and broader bends,  and thus, the valley becomes straighter and smoother.
• The valley walls may be almost vertical and maybe striated by boulders dragged by the glacier, and the valley floor may be covered with till or moraines.

Additional Information

River:-

• A river is a ribbon-like body of water that flows downhill from the force of gravity.
• A river can be wide and deep, or shallow enough for a person to wade across.

Winds:-

• Wind the movement of the air relative to the surface of the Earth. Winds play a significant role in determining and controlling climate and weather.
• Winds occur because of horizontal and vertical differences in atmospheric pressure.

Sea Waves:-

• The up and down movements of water in the sea are known as sea waves.
• The lower part is called wave trough whereas, the upper part of the wave is called wave crest.

The correct answer is Canberra.

Important Points

Canberra:

• It is the capital city of Australia.
• A small squatters’ settlement of stockmen, called Canberry or Canbury, was made there as early as 1824.
• This word is a derivation of an Aboriginal term meaning “meeting place”.
• By 1836 the name had evolved to Canberra.
• With the inauguration of the commonwealth in 1901, the site was chosen for the new capital in 1909, and the delineation of the ACT followed.
• It was founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation.
• The city is located at the southeastern end of the Australian Capital Territory.

 

Additional Information

List of Countries and their capital cities:

The correct answer is Akbar.

Key Points

• Din-i Ilahi “the religion of God,” was a system of religious beliefs introduced by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1582 CE.
• His idea was to combine Islam and Hinduism into one faith, but also to add aspects of Christianity, Zoroastrianism and Jainism.
• He founded an academy, the Ibadat Khana, “the House of Worship,” in 1575, where representatives of all major faiths could meet to discuss questions of theology.
• Akbar was the 3^rd Mughal emperor of India.
• Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, in 1556.
• The 13-year-old Akbar was enthroned by Bairam Khan and was proclaimed Shahanshah.
• Akbar was given the nickname 'the Great' because of his many accomplishments, among which, was his record of unbeaten military campaigns that established the Mughal rule in the Indian subcontinent.

Additional Information

• Muhammad Ghaznavi:
• Mahmud of Ghazni (971-1030) was the first sultan of the Ghaznavid dynasty in Afghanistan
• Humayun:
• He was, also called Naṣir al-Din Muḥammad, the second Mughal ruler of India, who was more an adventurer than a consolidator of his empire.
• The son and successor of Babur, who had founded the Mughal dynasty, Humayun ruled from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to 1556.

The correct answer is Harshavardhan.

Key Points

Hiuen​ Tsang:

• A Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who travelled to India in the seventh century.
• He described the interaction between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism during the early Tang dynasty.
• He became famous for his seventeen-year overland journey to India.
• He visited India during the reign of Harshavardhan who came to admire him for his deep devotion to Buddhism.

Additional Information

• Other Foreign Travellers to India:

The Correct Answer is Babur.

Key Points

• Babur, original name Zahir al-Din Muhammad (Born- February 15, 1483, Died December 26, 1530), emperor and founder of the Mughal dynasty of northern India.
• Babur was a descendant of the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan and also of the Turkic conqueror Timur (Tamerlane).
• Barbur's father, "Umar Shaykh Mirza, ruled the small principality of Fergana to the north of the Hindu Kush mountain range.
• Babur was also known as 'Qalandar'.
• Babur (AD 1526-1530) is known for defeating:
• Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat (AD 1526).
• Rana Sanga (Sangram Singh) at battle of Khanwa.
• Medini Rai of Chenderi at Battle of Chanderi (AD 1528).
• Mahmud Lodi at Battle of Ghagra (AD 1529).

Additional Information

Humayun:-

• Humayun, also called Nasir al-Din Muhammad's second Mughal ruler of India, was more an adventurer than a consolidator of his empire.

​​Akbar:-

• Akbar, in full Abu al-Fath Jalal al-Din Muhammad Akbar, the greatest of the Mughal emperors of India.
• He reigned from 1556 to 1605 and extended Mughal power over most of the Indian subcontinent.

Shah Jahan:- 

• Shah Jahan also called Prince Khurram's original name Shihab al-Din Muhammad Khurram is a Mughal emperor of India who built the Taj Mahal. 
• He was the third son of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and the Rajput Princess Manmati.
• Shah Jahan's reign was notable for successes against the Deccan states.

The Correct Answer is Curzon.

Key Points

• The Governor-General who partitioned Bengal was Lord Curzon.
• Partition of Bengal, (1905), division of Bengal carried out by the British viceroy in India**, Lord Curzon,** despite strong Indian nationalist opposition.
• It began a transformation of the Indian National Congress from a middle-class pressure group into a nationwide mass movement.

​

Additional Information

• Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa had formed a single province of British India since 1765.
• By 1900 the province had grown too large to handle under a single administration.
• East Bengal, because of isolation and poor communications, had been neglected in favor of West Bengal and Bihar.
• Curzon chose one of several schemes for the partition to unite Assam, which had been a part of the province until 1874, with 15 districts of east Bengal and thus forms a new province with a population of 31 million.
• The capital was Dacca (now Dhaka, Bengal.), and the people were mainly Muslim.
• The Hindus of West Bengal, who controlled most of Bengal's commerce and professional and rural life, complained that the Bengali nation would be split in two, making them a minority in a province including the whole of Bihar and Orissa.
• Agitation against the partition included mass meeting, rural unrest, and a swadeshi (native) movement to boycott the import of British goods. The partition was carried through despite the agitation, and the extreme opposition went underground to form a terrorist movement.
• In 1911, the year that the capital was shifted from Calcutta (now Kolkata) to Delhi, east and west Bengal were reunited;  Assam again became a chief commissionership while Bihar and Orissa were separated to form a new province.
• The aim was to combine the appeasement of Bengali sentiment with administrative convenience.
• The final division of Bengal at the partitioning of the subcontinent in 1947, which split Bengal into India in the West and East Pakistan (later Bangladesh) in the east, was accompanied by intense violence.

The Correct Answer is Jagdishpur.

Key Points

• Kunwar Singh ( 1777- 1858) was a zamindar of Jagdishpur near Arrah in the state of Bihar.
• Kunwar Singh (1777 – 26 April 1858) was a notable leader during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
• He belonged to a royal Ujjainiya (Panwar) Rajput house of Jagdispur, currently a part of Bhojpur district, Bihar.
• He was the son of Raja Shahabzada Singh and Rani Panchratan Kunwar Devi Singh.
• At the age of 80 years, during India's first war of Independence (1857-58), he assumed command of the soldiers who had revolted at Danapur on 5 July 1857.
• He occupied Arrah which was relieved by major Eyre on 3^rd  August.
• In his last battle which was fought on 23 April 1858 near Jagdishpur, Kunwar Singh had a victory over the force led by Captain Le Grand.

The correct answer is 12.

• Swara is a voice that pleases the heart of a listener. In a modem sense, seven voices of regular use in music, are called swaras.
• These are seven main swaras and their places are also fixed.

Important Points

They are two kinds- Shuddha and Vikrita.

• Shuddha Swaras: For practical purposes, seven major shrutis have been chosen from twenty-two shrutis that are known as Pure or Shuddha Swara. These are recited at their proper place.
• The seven Swara is known as shadaj, rishabh, gandhar, madhyam, pancham, dhaiavat, and nishad. They are known by their abbreviated form as sa, re, ga, ma, pa, dha, ni.
• Shudh swaras are of two kinds:
• a) Chal Swara: Chal Swara means a swara that may move, so it may take a deviant form after leaving its fixed place There are five such swaras- re, ga, ma,dha, ni.
• b) Achal Swara: Achal swaras are those swaras that remain fixed at their place. Achal means static or non-moveable. Sa and Pa are regarded as achal swaras.
• In total there are seven Shrutis (Shuddha) Swaras in Hindustani Sangeet.
• Vikrit Swaras: In these types of Swara each Swara has its definite place, but when it is placed by shifting its place, either upwards or downwards, it is called vikrit Swara. Five swaras belong to this category- re,ga, ma,dha, ni. These are of two kinds- Komal and Teevra.
• Komal Swara: When a Swara is quote by bringing it a bit lower than its fixed place, there occurs some slowness, lightness or softness, so it is known as Komal Swara. Such swaras are - re,ga,dha,ni.
• Teevra Swara: When a Swara is quote by shifting its place a bit upwards, it becomes teevra Swara. Such Swara is madhyam. Such Swara is used in raga Yaman.

Thus, in total there are twelve in a saptak, there are seven shudha and five vikrit swaras.

The correct answer is Dhrupad.

• Char Taal is used for Gayaki Dhrupad​.

Key Points

• Dhrupad is a genre in Hindustani classical music from the Indian subcontinent.
• It is the oldest style of major vocal styles associated with Hindustani classical music, Haveli Sangeet, and also related to the South Indian Carnatic tradition.
• Sanskrit Brij language has been used in Dhrupad.

Additional Information

• The word Dhrupad is derived from Dhruva, the steadfast evening star that moves through the galaxy, and Pada meaning poetry.
• Traditionally, the dhrupad style of singing was performed with a tanpura and pakhawaj.
• The lyrics sung in Dhrupad are in a medieval form of Hindi and typically heroic in theme, or praise of a particular deity.
• It is a form of devotional music that traces its origin to the ancient text of Samveda.
• One significant characteristic of Dhrupad is the emphasis on maintaining the purity of the Raga.
• Hindustani classical music is primarily vocal-centric.
• The primary vocal forms associated with Hindustani music are :
• Khayal
• Ghazal
• Dhrupad
• Dhammar
• Tarana
• Thumri.

Important Points

• Padma Shri awardee and renowned Dhrupad vocalist Ramakant Gundecha passed away in Bhopal.
• The earliest source that mentions a musical genre called Dhrupad is Ain-i-Akbari of Abu Fazl (1593).
• Later works attribute much of the material to musicians in the court of Man Singh Tomar of Gwalior.

The Correct Answer is Ram Das Sharma.

• Ram Das Sharma is not a Tabla player.

Key Points

• Zakir Hussain:-
• Ustad Zakir Hussain is the eldest son of tabla player Ustad Allah Rakha and an Indian tabla virtuoso, composer, percussionist, music producer, and film actor.
• Pt. Kishan Maharaj:-
• Pandit Kishan Maharaj was an Indian tabla player who belonged to the Benares Gharana of Hindustani classical music.
• Ahmed Jan Thirakwa:-
• Ustad Ahmed Jan Khan "Thirakwa" was an Indian tabla player, who was considered the most prominent tabla player of the 20^th century.

Additional Information

• Yuyutsu Ram Dass Sharma is a renowned Himalayan poet and translator.
• He is a recipient of fellowships and grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, the Ireland Literature Exchange, the Trubar Foundation in Slovenia, the Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature, and the Foundation for the Production and Translation of Dutch Literature.

The Correct Answer is **Bombay.**​

Important Points

The first National Games of India were organized in Bombay (now known as Mumbai) in the year 1940.

• This event heralded the beginning of a formal, national-level sporting event in India.
• The National Games of India is a sporting event held in the country since 1940.
• However, it's important to note that, it is modeled after the Olympic Games, comprising various disciplines in which sportsmen and sportswomen from different states participate against each other.

Additional Information

• On a side note regarding the cities mentioned in the options - Delhi, Bombay (Mumbai), Calcutta (Kolkata), and Madras (Chennai) - these are all major Indian cities and have at various times hosted national and international sporting events.
• However, with regard to the very first National Games, Bombay is the correct answer.

The Correct Answer is Swami Vivekananda.

• "Today India does not need Gita but needs a Football ground" thought is given by Swami Vivekananda.
• Swamiji suggested becoming strong. When he told that a person will be "nearer to Heaven through football than through the study of the Gita", he did not mean that one does not need to read Bhagavad Gita.
• Swami Vivekananda told—

First of all, our young men must be strong. Religion will come afterward. Be strong, my young friends; that is my advice to you. You will be nearer to Heaven through football than through the study of the Gita. These are bold words; but I have to say them, for I love you. I know where the shoe pinches. I have gained a little experience. You will understand the Gita better with your biceps, your muscles, a little stronger. You will understand the mighty genius and the mighty strength of Krishna better with a little strong blood in you. You will understand the Upanishads better and the glory of the Atman when your body stands firm upon your feet, and you feel like men. Thus we have to apply these to our needs.

Additional Information

Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 

• He was the first vice president of India and the second president of Independent India. On his birth anniversary on 5^th September every year, there is Teacher's day celebrated in whole over India. He believes that Teachers should be the best minds in the country.

Plato:-

• Plato was a Greek philosopher, who displays political events and intellectual events of his time in his writings which are read by the readers in this time and respect Plato's in important aspects.

Rousseau:- 

• Rousseau is the swiss philosopher who writes political theories whose treatises and novels inspired the leaders of the French Revolution.

The correct answer is Breeder Seed.

Key Points

Breeder Seed

• A breeder’s seed is an offspring of a nucleus seed.
• A breeder is a person (qualified plant breeder) or organization that raises plants primary for breeding purposes.
• While the nucleus seed is genetically pure; the Breeder seeds are produced by mutual multiplication of three different lines which are denoted by A line, B line, and R line.
• A line is female, while B and R lines are male sterile.
• The seeds from offsprings with the best and desired quality are selected and certified as Breeder seeds.
• Such seeds are protected by legal rights called Breeder’s rights.
• The Breeder seed is further multiplied into the foundation and certified seeds.
• In our country, Breeder seeds are produced Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Seeds Corporation, States Farms Corporation, and agricultural universities in India.

Additional Information

• Foundation Seed
• Foundation seed is the progeny of Breeder seed or is produced from foundation seed, which can be clearly traced to Breeder seed.
• The foundation seed can even be produced from foundation seed during the production of Foundation Seed the minimum seed certification standard shall be the same for both foundation seed stage-I and II.
• The production of foundation seed stages I and II shall be supervised and approved by the certification agency and be so handled as to maintain specific genetic identity and genetic purity and shall be required to conform to certification standards specified for the crop/variety being certified.
• Certified Seed
• A certified seed shall be the progeny of foundation seed and its products shall be so handled as to maintain specific genetic identity and purity according to the standards prescribed for the crop being certified.
• Certified seed may be the progeny of certified seed provided this reproduction does not exceed three generations beyond the foundation seed stage-I.
• Registered Seed
• A registered seed shall be the progeny of the foundation seed that is so handled as to maintain its genetic identity and purity according to the standard specified for the particular crop being certified.
• A purple color certificate is issued for this category of seed.

The correct answer is Lucknow.

Key Points

• The Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant is situated in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
• ​Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), is a frontier plant research laboratory of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
• It was established originally as a Central Indian Medicinal Plants Organisation (CIMPO) in the year 1959.
• It has a research headquarter at Lucknow and Research Centres at Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pantnagar, and Purara.
• CIMAP has extended its wings overseas with scientific collaboration agreements with Malaysia.
• CIMAP Research Centres are aptly situated in different agro-climatic zones of the country to facilitate multi-location field trials and research.

The correct answer is malta.

• The most suitable fruit for marmalade making is malta**.**
• Hence option 3 is correct.

Important Points

• Marmalade is a fruit preserve made from the juice and peel of citrus fruits boiled with sugar and water.
• Citrus is the most typical choice of fruit for marmalade, though historically the term has often been used for non-citrus preserves.
• The well-known version is made from bitter orange other preferred citrus fruit for marmalade production is :
• Spanish Seville
• Bitter orange
• Citrus aurantium var.

Key Points

• The Indian fruit known as a malta is called a blood orange in other places, like the United States.
• It is high in vitamin C and can prevent scurvy.
• The orange is the fruit of the citrus species Citrus × Sinensis in the family Rutaceae, native to China.

Hence, the most suitable fruit for marmalade making is malta.

The correct answer is Mysore.

Key Points

• CSIR−Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI) is situated in Mysore, Karnataka.
• It is a constituent laboratory of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi which came into existence during 1950.
• Food Technology being inter-disciplinary in nature the mandate or vision of the Institute is fulfilled through various R&D Departments and Support Departments along with its Resource Centres at Hyderabad, Lucknow, and Mumbai.
• The institute has developed over 300 products, processes, and equipment types.
• It holds several patents and has published findings in reputed journals.
• The institute develops technologies to increase efficiency and reduce post-harvest losses, increase export, find new sources of food products, integrate human resources in food industries, reduce costs.

The correct answer is Sugar.

Important Points

• Jelly is a semi-transparent confection consisting of the strained juice of various fruits, singly or in combination, sweetened, boiled, slowly simmered, and congealed.

​

Additional Information

• Pectin- It is a group of water-soluble carbohydrate substances found in cell walls and intracellular tissues of some plants. In the fruits of plants, Pectin helps keep the close walls of cells together.
• Sulphite- Sulphites are natural minerals that have a long history of use in foods.
• They are found naturally in some foods but they are used as food additives to protect microbial spoilage and preserve color.
• Cordials, dried fruits, sausages, and wines are some of the foods that typically contain Sulphite.
• Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)- It is an inorganic compound, a heavy, colorless, poisonous gas.
• It is produced in huge quantities in intermediate steps of sulfuric acid manufacture.