UPTET · Topic Collection

Environmental Studies PYQs

Environmental studies concepts and pedagogy — nature, resources, pollution, and EVS teaching approaches for primary-level teacher exams.

180 Total Questions6 Official PapersYears: 2014–2021Search in Environmental Studies

Showing questions 61–80 of 180Page 4 of 9

UPTET 2018 Paper 1 (Hindi / English / Sanskrit) (Previous Year Paper)·Environmental Studies

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Question 61

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

Who among the following is the present Chairperson of the National Commission for Women?

AOption (a)
Girija Vyas
BOption (b)
Rekha Sharma
COption (c)
Malini Bhattacharya
DOption (d)
Yasmeen Abrar

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Rekha Sharma

Why this answer is correct

Key Points

National Commission for Women:

It is also one of the significant statutory bodies established by the Government of India.
It was established in 31 January 1992 under the provisions of the National Commission for Women Act, 1990.
The Central Government took the initiative to establish this Commission by keeping in view the provisions of India’s constitution to strengthen the women in the country through addressing plights, suppressions, and other types of violence they use to face.
National Commission for Women also takes the initiatives for the overall development of the women community in the whole countr.

Important Points

The main aim of the National Commission for Women is to raise the concern for the women and to represent itself for their rights.
This Commission takes into account the issues and concerns of the women's community and advises for the authentic solution of all the problems they face.
This Commission takes into consideration many common issues associated with women and their repression from dowry to religious or political factors and most importantly their equal representation in the job market and other exploitations.
Ms. Rekha Sharma is the current Chairperson of the National Commission for Women.
She took over Lalitha Kumaramangalam as the new Chairperson in September 2018.

Thus, Rekha Sharma is the present Chairperson of the National Commission for Women.

Additional Information

First chairperson: Jayanti Patnaik.
Girija Vyas: 5^th chairperson of NCW.
Malini Bhattacharya: Indian politician of Communist party of India.
Yasmeen Abrar: Once assumed charge of Acting chairperson of NCW.

UPTET 2018 Paper 1 (Hindi / English / Sanskrit) (Previous Year Paper)·Environmental Studies

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Question 62

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

The joint sitting of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha of states is summoned by whom?

AOption (a)
The President
BOption (b)
The speaker of the Lok Sabha
COption (c)
The Parliament
DOption (d)
The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

The President

Why this answer is correct

Key Points

Joint Sitting:

Joint session (Article 108) refers to the meeting of both houses of parliament to consider bills together.
Article 108: Article 108 of the Indian Constitution of India provides for Joint sitting of both the Houses.
In India Concurrence of both houses are required to pass any bill and if an ordinary bill has been rejected by any house of the parliament and if more than six months have elapsed from the date of the reception of the bill the President summon a joint session presided over by Speaker for purpose of passing the bill.
It must be noted here that the provision of joint sitting is applicable to ordinary bills or financial bills only and not to money bills or Constitutional amendment bills.
The joint sitting of the Parliament is called by the President and is presided over by the Speaker or, in his absence, by the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha or in his absence, the Deputy-Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
In the case of a money bill, the Lok Sabha has overriding powers, while a Constitutional amendment bill must be passed by each House separately.
The Chairman doesn't preside over the joint session at any means/cost.
Summons to members: The Secretary-General shall issue summons to each member specifying the time and place for a joint sitting.
Time of sitting: The duration and adjournment of the joint sitting shall be determined by the Speaker.
Quorum: The quorum to constitute a joint sitting shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the Houses.
Procedure: The procedures of joint sessions are subject to modifications and variations as the Speaker may consider necessary or appropriate.

Thus, the joint sitting of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha of states is summoned by the president.

UPTET 2018 Paper 1 (Hindi / English / Sanskrit) (Previous Year Paper)·Environmental Studies

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Question 63

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

Which part of the Constitution has the provisions for Panchayati Raj System?

AOption (a)
IX
BOption (b)
VI
COption (c)
III
DOption (d)
IV

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Why this answer is correct

Key Points

Panchayati Raj

Panchayati Raj is the system of local self-government of villages in rural India as opposed to urban and suburban municipalities.
It consisted of the Panchayati Raj institutions through which the self-government of villages is realized.
Part IX of the Indian Constitution is the section of the Constitution relating to the Panchayats.
The Panchayats must include members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the same proportion as in the general population.
One-third of all seats and chairperson posts must be reserved for women, in some states half of all seats and chairperson posts.
The modern Panchayati Raj system was introduced in India by the 73^rd constitutional amendment in 1992 and added as an Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution.
The Panchayati Raj now functions as a system of governance in which gram panchayats are the basic units of local administration.

Thus, Part IX of the Constitution has the provisions for Panchayati Raj System.

Additional Information

Parts of the Indian constitution are as follows-

| | Part | Heading | Articles | | --- | --- | --- | | Part I | Union & Its Territory | 1-4 | | Part II | Citizenship | 5-11 | | Part III | Fundamental Rights | 12-35 | | Part IV | Directive Principles of the State Policy | 36-51 | | Part IV A | Fundamental Duties | 51A | | Part V | The Union | 52-151 | | Part VI | The States | 152-237 | | Part VII |

Note:

Note:

7^th Amendment Act, 1956 repealed Part 7 | - | Part VIII | The Union Territories | 239-242 | Part IX | The Panchayats | 243-243O | Part IX-A | The Municipalities | 243P-243ZG | Part IX B | Co-operative Societies | 243ZH-243ZT | Part X | Scheduled and Tribal Areas | 244-244A | Part XI | The relation between Union & States | 245-263 | Part XII | Finance, Property, Contracts, and Suits | 264-300A | Part XIII | Trade, Commerce, and Intercourse within the territory of India | 301-307 | Part XIV | Services under the Union and States | 308-323 | Part XIV A | Tribunals | 323A-323B | Part XV | Elections | 324-329A | Part XVI | Special Provisions relating to certain classes | 330-342 | Part XVII | Official Languages | 343-351 | Part XVIII | Emergency Provisions | 352-360 | Part XIX | Miscellaneous | 361-367 | Part XX | Amendment of the Constitution | 368 | Part XXI | Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions | 369-392 | Part XXII | Short title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in
Hindi and Repeals | 393-395 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Part | Heading | Articles | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Part I | Union & Its Territory | 1-4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Part II | Citizenship | 5-11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Part III | Fundamental Rights | 12-35 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Part IV | Directive Principles of the State Policy | 36-51 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Part IV A | Fundamental Duties | 51A | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Part V | The Union | 52-151 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Part VI | The States | 152-237 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Part VII |

Note:

UPTET 2018 Paper 1 (Hindi / English / Sanskrit) (Previous Year Paper)·Environmental Studies

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Question 64

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

74^th Amendment of the Constitution is related to

AOption (a)
Rural Local Self-Government
BOption (b)
Urban Local Self-Government
COption (c)
Powers of the president
DOption (d)
Powers of the Parliament

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Urban Local Self-Government

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Urban Local Self-Government.

74^th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 is related to the Urban Local Self Government. It is also known as Nagarpalika Act for giving constitutional status to the municipalities and brought them under the justifiable part of the constitution.
The Act is aimed at strengthening effective democracy at the grass-root level by providing a framework for the structure and mandate of urban local bodies.

Key Points

The 73^rd Amendment envisages the Gram Sabha as the foundation of the Panchayat Raj System to perform functions and powers entrusted to it by the State Legislatures.
The constitution 74^th Amendment Act 1992, relating to Municipalities (Urban local Government) was passed by the parliament in 1992.
101^th Amendment Act is related to the introduction of Goods and Service Tax.
103^rd Amendment Act is providing Reservation to Economically Weaker Section of the Society.

Additional Information

Some important Amendments in the Constitution:

Amendment Act	Description
71^st Amendment Act	- It was made in 1992. - It included Manipuri, Konkani, and Nepalese language in the 8^th Schedule.
42^nd Amendment Act	- It was made in 1976. - It is also known as the Mini Constitution of India. - Fundamental Duties were also added. - It added 'SOCIALIST, SECULAR and INTEGRITY' in the Preamble.
44^th Amendment Act	- The Amendment aimed to undo several changes that had been made to the Constitution by the 42^nd Amendment which had been enacted by the Indira Gandhi-led Indian National Congress during the Emergency.
61^st Amendment Act	- Reduce the age of voting from 21 to 18.

UPTET 2018 Paper 1 (Hindi / English / Sanskrit) (Previous Year Paper)·Environmental Studies

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Question 65

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

Which of the following gases soluble in rainwater causes acidic?

AOption (a)
Hydrogen peroxide
BOption (b)
Nitrogen monoxide
COption (c)
Carbon dioxide
DOption (d)
Sulphur dioxide

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Sulphur dioxide

Why this answer is correct

The correct option is Sulphur dioxide

Key Points

Sulphur dioxide is a colourless gas.
After getting mixed with rainwater it forms harmful compounds like sulphuric acid, sulfurous acid, etc.
Acid rain is also responsible for causing damage to Taj Mahal and turning it in yellow colour.

Additional Information

Hydrogen peroxide	An unstable antiseptic liquid used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, burns, etc.
Nitrogen monoxide	A colourless gas that is formed by the oxidation of nitrogen and reacts immediately with oxygen.
Carbon dioxide	An odourless gas of atmosphere that people and animals breath out and trees breath in.

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Question 66

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

‘Rule of Law’ concept has been taken in the Indian Constitution from-

AOption (a)
USA
BOption (b)
England
COption (c)
Switzerland
DOption (d)
Ireland

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

England

Why this answer is correct

Key Points

Rule of law:

The concept was propounded by Albert Venn Dicey.
Equality before Law provided under Article 14, is an element of this concept.
Following are the important aspects of this concept:
No one shall be punished except for the breach of law.
Equal subjection of the citizens of a country before the law of the land.
It describes the Fundamental Rights of the citizens as the source of the constitution and not vice i.e. fundamental rights are supreme.
The Rule of Law is a set of principles, or ideals, for ensuring an orderly and just society. It is 'One act for all and one judiciary for all'.
The rule of law is fundamental to international peace and security and political stability, to achieve economic and social progress and development, and to protect people’s rights and fundamental freedoms.
The Constitution of India intended for India to be a country governed by the rule of law.
It provides that the constitution shall be the supreme power in the land and the legislative and the executive derive their authority from the constitution.
The concept of 'Rule of Law' has been taken in the Indian Constitution from England.
Rule of Law is a basic and fundamental necessity for a well-organized country.

Thus, the ‘Rule of Law’ concept has been taken in the Indian Constitution from England.

Additional Information

Country	Features
United States of America	- Fundamental rights. - Preamble. - Independence of the judiciary. - Judicial review. - Impeachment of the president. - Post of vice-president.
Soviet Union/USSR (now, Russia)	- Fundamental Duties under Article 51-A. - Five Year Planning.
Japan	- Procedure Established by law.
Britain(UK)	- Parliamentary form of government. - Rule of Law. - Single Citizenship. - Writs. - Institution of Speaker and his role. - Bicameralism.
Australia	- Freedom of trade and commerce within the country and between the states. - Concurrent list. - Joint-sitting of the two Houses of Parliament.

UPTET 2018 Paper 1 (Hindi / English / Sanskrit) (Previous Year Paper)·Environmental Studies

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Question 67

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

Who carries out the notification for the election of the Lok Sabha?

AOption (a)
Election Commission of India
BOption (b)
The President
COption (c)
Home Ministry
DOption (d)
Lok Sabha Secretariat

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Election Commission of India

Why this answer is correct

The correct option is the Election Commission of India.

Key Points

The Election Commission of India carries out the notification for the election of the Lok Sabha.
It is an autonomous constitutional body established on 25 Jan 1950.
The election commission is responsible for administering election processes in India according to the rules and regulations mentioned in the Constitution.
The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and State Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country.
Article 324 to 329 of the constitution deals with powers, function, tenure, eligibility, etc of the commission and the member.
Part XV of the Indian constitution deals with elections and establishes a commission for these matters.
The election commission at present is a three-member body with one chief election commissioner and two election commissioners.

Additional Information

Shri Sukumar Sen was the first chief election commissioner of India.
Mr. Rajiv Kumar is the present Chief Election Commissioner of India.

UPTET 2018 Paper 1 (Hindi / English / Sanskrit) (Previous Year Paper)·Environmental Studies

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Question 68

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

The first hour of business of the Lok Sabha is known as____________.

AOption (a)
Public hour
BOption (b)
Privileges hour
COption (c)
Zero hour
DOption (d)
Question hour

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Question hour

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option 4 i.e Question Hour,

The first hour(11 am to 12 noon) of the Lok Sabha is known as the Question Hour.
It is an important session that is devoted to questions that Members of Parliament raise on every aspect of administration, working strategies including policies.
The concerned Minister is obliged to answer those questions, either orally or in writing, depending on the type of question, and to plan the policies effectively in the future.

Question Hour

The first hour of every parliamentary sitting is slotted for this. During this time, the members ask questions and the ministers usually give answers.
The questions are of three kinds, namely, starred, unstarred and short notice.
A starred question (distinguished by an asterisk) requires an oral answer and hence supplementary questions can follow.
An unstarred question, on the other hand, requires a written answer and hence, supplementary questions cannot follow.
A short notice question is one that is asked by giving a notice of fewer than ten days. It is answered orally.
In addition to the ministers, the questions can also be asked to the private members.

Key Points

Note: Zero Hour refers to the time immediately following the question hour. It begins around 12 noon which is why it is called Zero Hour. It is considered as an Informal procedure to raise issues of importance during its time period.

Zero Hour
Unlike the question hour, the zero-hours is not mentioned in the Rules of Procedure.
Thus it is an informal device available to the members of the Parliament to raise matters without any prior notice.
The zero hour starts immediately after the question hour and lasts until the agenda for the day (i.e., regular business of the House) is taken up.
In other words, the time gap between the question hour and the agenda is known as zero hours.
It is an Indian innovation in the field of parliamentary procedures and has been in existence since 1962.

Mistake Points

The first hour of every parliamentary sitting is slotted for Question Hour.
During this time, the members ask questions and the ministers usually give answers

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Question 69

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

What is rainwater harvesting?

AOption (a)
Collection and storage of used water
BOption (b)
Collection and storage of rainwater
COption (c)
Distribution of water
DOption (d)
None of the above

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Collection and storage of rainwater

Why this answer is correct

Key Points

Rainwater harvesting is a method of collecting and storing rainwater in tanks for different purposes and for future needs as well.
Surface runoff harvesting and rooftop rainwater harvesting are the methods of rainwater harvesting.
Collecting and storing rainwater before it is lost as surface runoff promotes both water and energy conservation and Improves the quality and quantity of groundwater.

Advantages of Rain Water Harvesting:

Provides self-sufficiency to your water supply
Reduces the cost for pumping of groundwater
Provides high-quality water, soft and low in minerals
Improves the quality of groundwater through dilution when recharged to groundwater
Reduces soil erosion in urban areas
The rooftop rainwater harvesting is less expensive
Rainwater harvesting systems are simple which can be adopted by individuals
Rooftop rainwater harvesting systems are easy to construct, operate and maintain
In hilly terrains, rainwater harvesting is preferred

Need for Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting:

To meet the ever-increasing demand for water
To reduce the runoff which chokes storm drains
To avoid flooding of roads
To augment the groundwater storage and control decline of water levels
To reduce groundwater pollution
To improve the quality of groundwater
To reduce the soil erosion
To supplement the domestic water requirement during summer, drought etc.

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Question 70

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

Indian Rhinoceros is protected in

AOption (a)
Corbett National Park
BOption (b)
Kaziranga National Park
COption (c)
Bandipur National Park
DOption (d)
Gir National Park

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Kaziranga National Park

Why this answer is correct

The Indian or one-horned rhinoceros is a rhinoceros species which are listed as an endangered species of animal in the Red List of IUCN.
These species of rhinoceros are protected in **Assam's Kaziranga National Park which is a World Heritage Site and the home of the two-thirds of the world's great one-horned rhinoceroses.**

Key Points

Kaziranga National Park is located in Assam.
Kaziranga National Park is one of India’s oldest reserve areas.
It is located in Golaghat and Nagaon, in the Karbi Anglong district of Assam in northeast India.
The park is administered by the forest department of the Assam State Government.
Kaziranga national park is famous for being the world's largest habitat for the great one-horned rhinos.
It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.

Additional Information

IUCN	Stands for International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
Corbett National Park	it is situated in Uttarakhand and is known to protect the endangered Bengal tiger.
Bandipur National Park	it is a famous tiger reserve, situated in Karnataka.
Gir National Park	Best known as the home of Asiatic Lions, situated in Gujrat.

UPTET 2018 Paper 1 (Hindi / English / Sanskrit) (Previous Year Paper)·Environmental Studies

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Question 71

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

Which of the following series is true about energy flow in an ecosystem?

AOption (a)
Producers → Decomposers → Consumers
BOption (b)
Decomposers → Consumers → Producers
COption (c)
Producers → Consumers → Decomposers
DOption (d)
Consumers → Producers → Decomposers

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Producers → Consumers → Decomposers

Why this answer is correct

The correct option is 'Producers → Consumers → Decomposers'

Key Points

A food chain is a series of the organism that shows the feeding pattern of living things in an ecosystem. In a food chain organisms are organized in a series called a trophic level.

These levels are:

Producers	These organisms make their own food through photosynthesis. Eg- plants, algae.
Consumers	It consists of three types of organisms which include herbivores, carnivores, omnivores.
Herbivores	These organisms are primary consumers of the ecosystem that eat only grasses and plants. Eg- Rabbit, deer, etc.
Carnivores	These organisms are secondary consumers of the ecosystem that eat meats whether it is of live animals or dead ones. Eg- Tiger, lion, etc.
Omnivores	These organisms could also be considered as secondary consumers that eat both plants and meats. Eg- Beer, pig, etc.
Decomposers	An organism that breaks down dead materials or waste products through decomposition. Eg- bacteria, fungi, etc.

A diagram showing energy flow in the ecosystem:

Diagram

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Question 72

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

Greenhouse gas, which is present in the highest quantity in the atmosphere, is

AOption (a)
Propane
BOption (b)
Ethane
COption (c)
Carbon dioxide
DOption (d)
Methane

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Carbon dioxide

Why this answer is correct

The Correct option is Carbon dioxide

Greenhouse Effect:

Solar energy trapped by the earth atmosphere and radiate slowly so as to cover our earth with a warm blanket.
This is the natural process of the greenhouse effect on earth to maintain its temperature and makes the earth perfect for life.

Greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases are methane, water vapour, nitrous oxide, CFCs and ozone.

Values of radiation absorbed by the greenhouse gases are as follow:

Gas	Value of absorption in percentage
Ozone	10.2 %
Methane	16.3 %
Carbon Dioxide	56.4 %
Nitro Oxide	5.4 %

Key Points

Greenhouse gas is a gas that causes the greenhouse effect, by absorbing infrared radiation and release heat in all directions.
It is a natural process that warms the earth's surface and makes it comfortable to live in.
The most common greenhouse gases are water vapour, methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, CFCs, in which Carbon dioxide is present in the highest quantity in the atmosphere because of his relative stability in the atmosphere.

Additional Information

Propane: A flammable gas used for cooking and heating.
Ethane: A flammable gas present in natural gas and petroleum.
Methane: A flammable gas used as fuel for produce heat.

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Question 73

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

Plants are green due to the presence of which pigment?

AOption (a)
Carotenoid
BOption (b)
Lycopene
COption (c)
Anthocyanin
DOption (d)
Chlorophyll

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Chlorophyll

Why this answer is correct

Key Points

Chlorophyll:

Chlorophyll is a pigment present in all green plants and a few other organisms.
It is required for photosynthesis, which is the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy.
The chlorophyll pigment is responsible for the green colouration in plants.
Besides plants, chlorophyll is found in all photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria.
Chlorophyll exists in several forms but chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the most common.

Thus, plants are green due to the presence of chlorophyll pigment.

Additional Information

Carotenoid	These are yellow, orange, or red pigments that give plant colours. Eg- autumn leaves.
Lycopene	A pink or red pigment that gives plant colours. Eg- Tomato, watermelon, etc.
Anthocyanin	A blue or violet pigment that gives plant colours. Eg- BlackBerry, plums, etc.

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Question 74

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

Human activities that cause climate change on the earth include

AOption (a)
Burning of forests
BOption (b)
Agricultural activities
COption (c)
Use of aerosol cans
DOption (d)
All of the above

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

All of the above

Why this answer is correct

Key Points

Climate change:

The type of climate we experience now might be prevailing over the last 10,000 years with minor and occasionally wide fluctuations.
The planet earth has witnessed many variations in climate since the beginning.
The causes of climate change are many, population increase, natural phenomenon, terrestrial causes, biodiversity loss alongwith global warming.
Human activities cause climate change by affecting the Earth’s atmosphere.
CO₂which is responsible for man-made global warming is highly produced by human activities.

Important Points

Manmade or anthropogenic causes are the most significant effect of climate change.
The increasing trend in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is likely to cause global warming.

Some human activities that cause climate change:

Burning of forests.
Agricultural activities.
Use of aerosol cans.
Burning of fossil fuels.
Cement manufacturing.
Urbanization.
Deforestation, etc.

Thus, human activities that cause climate change on the earth include all the above.

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Question 75

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

‘The Queen of Herbs’ is the most sacred herb of India. This medicinal plant has importance in Hindu mythology and has the scientific name Ocimum Sanctum. What is it commonly called?

AOption (a)
Tulsi
BOption (b)
Rosemary
COption (c)
Thyme
DOption (d)
Coriander

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Tulsi

Why this answer is correct

Key PointsTulsi:

Tulsi is known as ‘The Queen of Herbs’ and is the most sacred herb of India.
The scientific name of Tulsi is Ocimum Sanctum.
It is an ayurvedic, antiseptic and is known to strengthen immunity.
The scientific name of Tulsi is Ocimum sanctum.
It belongs to the family Lamiaceae.
Due to the presence of compounds like camphene, eugenol, and cineole, tulsi cures viral, bacterial, and fungal infections of the respiratory system.
It can cure various respiratory disorders like bronchitis & tuberculosis.
Tulsi's active ingredients show anti-inflammatory properties and also play a role in the modulation of both cellular and humoral immunity.
Tulsi plant has medicinal values due to the presence of the following Phenols and Flavonoids.
It is important in Hindu mythology because of they believe that it provides lifelong happiness.

Thus, the Tulsi is called ‘The Queen of Herbs’ and is the most sacred herb of India.

Additional Information

Rosemary	A plant with narrow leaves and is used for improving digestion.
Thyme	A plant with small leaves and sweet smell used in cooking.
Coriander	The leaves and seeds of this plant are used in cooking to flavour food.

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Question 76

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

Which crop belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae is known for producing biodiesel?

AOption (a)
Jatropha
BOption (b)
Candlenut tree
COption (c)
Copperleaf
DOption (d)
Sarpagandha

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Jatropha

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Jatropha.

Key Points

Biodiesel:

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to conventional or ‘fossil’ diesel.
Biodiesel is a vegetable oil or animal fat-based diesel fuel. It is used in diesel engines in place of conventional diesel fuel.
Biodiesel can be produced from straight vegetable oil, animal oil/fats, tallow, and waste cooking oil.

Explanation:

The process used to convert these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification.
Jatropha is a Flowering plant. Its stems are used for basket making and Oil from Jatropha is converted into biodiesel.
While Malaysia uses Palm Oil, the US uses Soyabean and European nations use sunflower seeds for the production of biodiesel, the Indian government preferred to use the Jatropha plant for the production of biodiesel.

Additional Information

In December 2009, the Union government launched the National Biodiesel Mission (NBM) identifying Jatropha as the most suitable tree-borne oilseed for biodiesel production to help achieve a proposed biodiesel blend of 20 percent with conventional diesel by 2017.

Candlenut tree	A large tropical tree with oily seeds that are used to make candles.
Copperleaf	An ornamental or houseplant of spurge family.
Sarpgandha	A medical plant used for the treatment of paranoia and schizophrenia.

UPTET 2018 Paper 1 (Hindi / English / Sanskrit) (Previous Year Paper)·Environmental Studies

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Question 77

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

The water that is safe to drink is called

AOption (a)
Potable water
BOption (b)
Distilled water
COption (c)
Freshwater
DOption (d)
Tap water

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Potable water

Why this answer is correct

Key Points

The water that is safe to drink is called potable water.
It is suitable for human consumption or to make food.
The potable water which is drinkable, as well as safe, maintain good health and physical activity level.

Additional Information

Distilled water	Water that has been boiled into vapour and condensed back into liquid.
Freshwater	Natural freshwater that is not salty.
Tap water	Water that comes through the pipe of a tap.

UPTET 2018 Paper 1 (Hindi / English / Sanskrit) (Previous Year Paper)·Environmental Studies

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Question 78

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

The Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1984 was due to the leakage of which of the following gases?

AOption (a)
Methyl isocyanate
BOption (b)
Nitrous oxide
COption (c)
Methane
DOption (d)
Carbon monoxide

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Methyl isocyanate

Why this answer is correct

Key Points

Bhopal Gas Tragedy:

It happened on December 3, 1984.
It was happened due to leakage of Methyl Isocyanate (CH3NCO) from the pesticide plant of Union Carbide (now Dow Chemicals), an MNC, in Madhya Pradesh capital Bhopal.
It is estimated that about 40 tonnes of gas and other chemicals leaked from the Union Carbide factory.
Methyl isocyanate is an extremely toxic gas and if its concentration in the air touches 21ppm (parts per million).
It can cause death within minutes of inhaling the gas.
that led to the death of 4000 people and affected the life of Lakh of people.

Additional Information

Nitrous oxide	A colourless gas also called laughing gas used as an anaesthetic in surgery.
Methane	Flammable gas is used as fuel to produce heat.
Carbon Monoxide	Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless flammable gas that is slightly less dense than air

UPTET 2018 Paper 1 (Hindi / English / Sanskrit) (Previous Year Paper)·Environmental Studies

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Question 79

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

The World Environment Day falls on

AOption (a)
2^nd December
BOption (b)
16^th September
COption (c)
5^th June
DOption (d)
11^th July

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

5^th June

Why this answer is correct

Key PointsWorld Environment Day:

The World Environment Day falls on 5 June every year.
It is celebrated since 1974 for raising worldwide awareness and action to protect the environment from growing concerns such as the depletion of the ozone layer, toxic chemicals, desertification and global warming.
Every year the official celebration of World Environment Day is hosted by different countries, in 2019 it has been hosted by China with a theme of " Beat Air Pollution" or "Air Pollution".
The theme of World Environment Day-2021 is 'Ecosystem Restoration' with the slogan Reimagine, Recreate and Restore as this year marks the beginning of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.
Pakistan will host the World Environment Day event this year.

Thus, World Environment Day falls on 5^th June.

Additional Information

2^nd December: World Computer Literacy Day.
11^th July: World Population Day
16^th September: World Ozone Day.
11^th July: World Population Day

UPTET 2018 Paper 1 (Hindi / English / Sanskrit) (Previous Year Paper)·Environmental Studies

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Question 80

UPTET 2018• Environmental Studies• Environmental Studies

M.S. Swaminathan was

AOption (a)
A journalist
BOption (b)
An agricultural scientist
COption (c)
An ecologist
DOption (d)
An ornithologist

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

An agricultural scientist

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is An agricultural scientist.

Key Points

M.S. Swaminathan:

Mr. M.S Swaminathan is renowned for his leading role in India's Green Revolution.
Swaminathan started a program under which high yield varieties of wheat and rice seedlings were planted in the fields of poor farmers. This program is also called Green Revolution.
He helped to introduce Mexican semidwarf wheat plants to Indian fields and helped to bring about greater acceptance of modern farming methods.
From 1972 to 1979, he was director-general of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, and he was principal secretary of the Indian ministry of agriculture and irrigation from 1979 to 1980.
Swaminathan served as the director-general of the International Rice Research Institute (1982–88).
He was president of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (1984–90).

Note: Green Revolution is the first initiative of Norman Ernest Borlaug' across the world.

Important Points

Journalist: A person who collects, writes and disseminates news.
Ecologist: A person who studies the interaction of human and their environment.
Ornithologist: A person who studies all aspects of birds.

Additional Information

Revolution	Purpose
Golden Revolution	Related with Overall Horticulture, Honey, Fruit Production
Blue Revolution	Related with Fish Production
Grey Revolution	Related with Fertilizers
White Revolution	Related with Dairy, Milk Production
Yellow Revolution	Related with Oil Seed Production
Pink Revolution	Related with Meat and Poultry Production
Black Revolution	Related with Petroleum Production

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How should I prepare for Environmental Studies in UPTET?

Solving previous year questions by topic helps identify recurring concepts, question patterns, and frequently asked sub-topics. Attempt each question, review the step-by-step explanation, and note down key formulas or facts for quick revision before the exam.

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Short sets.Sharper decisions.

Reasoning

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Revisit earlier editions

Put your knowledge into practice

Environmental Studies PYQs

Question 61

Question 62

Question 63

Question 64

Question 65

Question 66

Question 67

Question 68

Question 69

Question 70

Question 71

Question 72

Question 73

Question 74

Question 75

Question 76

Question 77

Question 78

Question 79

Question 80

How should I prepare for Environmental Studies in UPTET?

Short sets.
Sharper decisions.