English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is: Fratricide.

Key Points

• The word "Fratricide" refers to the act of killing one's own brother. (भाई की हत्या)
• Example: In ancient tales, fratricide often occurred due to disputes over power and inheritance.
• Explanation: Fratricide is derived from the Latin word "frater" meaning brother and "cide" meaning killing. (भाई की हत्या का अर्थ है अपने भाई को मारना)
• Example: The story of Cain and Abel in the Bible is a classic example of fratricide.
• Hence, the correct answer is Fratricide.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Fratricide.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Suicide (आत्महत्या): The act of intentionally taking one's own life.
• Example: He sought help from a counselor to overcome thoughts of suicide.
• Patricide (पिता की हत्या): The act of killing one's father.
• Example: Historical accounts sometimes mention patricide in royal families during power struggles.
• Homicide (मनुष्य की हत्या): The act of killing another human being, regardless of relationship.
• Example: The investigation revealed that the incident was a case of homicide.

The correct answer is: Amnesty.

Key Points

• The word "Amnesty" refers to an official pardon granted to a group of individuals, often for political offenses. (आम माफी)
• Example: The government declared an amnesty for all political prisoners as part of the peace agreement.
• Hence, we can conclude that the correct substitution for "An official pardon for offenders" is "Amnesty."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Amnesty.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Reprieve (दंडविराम): A temporary relief or delay in the execution of a punishment.
• Example: The court granted him a reprieve until new evidence could be reviewed.
• Absolution (पापमुक्ति): Formal release from guilt, obligation, or punishment.
• Example: The priest offered absolution to the sinner after confession.
• Clemency (दया): Compassion or mercy shown in punishing or judging someone.
• Example: The president showed clemency by commuting the prisoner's sentence.

The correct answer is: Descend.

Key Points

• The word "ascend" means to move upward, rise, or climb something physically or metaphorically. (ऊपर उठना या चढ़ना)
• Example: The hiker started to ascend the mountain early in the morning.
• "Descend" refers to moving downward, coming or going lower, or sinking from a higher position to a lower one. (नीचे उतरना)
• Example: After reaching the peak, they began to descend the mountain cautiously.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'ascend' is 'descend'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Descend.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Rise (उठना): To move upward, increase, or go higher.
• Example: The sun will rise early tomorrow morning.
• Soar (ऊंची उड़ान भरना): To fly or rise high in the air quickly or effortlessly.
• Example: The eagle soared high above the valley.
• Climb (चढ़ाई करना): To go upward, especially by using hands and feet.
• Example: The child managed to climb the tree with great effort.

The correct answer is Option 3 (PQRS).

 

Key Points

• Start with the biological fact: P (“Photosynthesis needs light”) explains why plants require sunlight.
• Follow with Q (“No food is made without it”) which logically continues the idea that without light photosynthesis (food production) cannot occur.
• Next comes R (“Leaves turn yellow without it”), a visible symptom of food shortage (chlorosis) in plants.
• Finally, S (“The plant dies slowly”) states the ultimate consequence of prolonged lack of sunlight and food.

Therefore, the most logical order of the parts is P → Q → R → S, i.e., PQRS.

 

Reconstructed passage (1–6):

*Plants need sunlight to grow. Photosynthesis needs light.

No food is made without it. Leaves turn yellow without it. The plant dies slowly. Sunlight is very important.*

The correct answer is: Widower.

Key Points

• The word "Widower" refers to a man whose wife has died, and he has not remarried. (विधुर)
• Example: After his wife's death, he lived as a widower for many years.
• "Widower" is used specifically for men, while the term for women in a similar situation is "widow." (विधुर)
• Example: The widower often visited his wife's grave to pay his respects.
• Hence, the correct term for a man whose wife is dead is "Widower".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Widower.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Bachelor (अविवाहित): A man who has never been married.
• Example: He is a confirmed bachelor and enjoys living alone.
• Heir (उत्तराधिकारी): A person legally entitled to inherit another's property or rank upon their death.
• Example: The young heir inherited his father's vast estate.
• Divorcee (तलाकशुदा): A person, either male or female, who has been legally divorced.
• Example: The divorcee started a new chapter of life after the separation.

The correct answer is: Delicate.

Key Points

• The word "Exquisite" means something extremely beautiful, carefully made, or finely detailed. It often refers to things of extraordinary quality or elegance. (अति सुंदर, उत्कृष्ट)
• Example: The artist's painting was exquisite, capturing every detail with precision.
• "Delicate" refers to something that is finely made, fragile, or sensitive in nature. It is often used in the context of beauty or something requiring careful handling. (नाजुक, कोमल)
• Example: She wore a delicate necklace that shimmered under the lights.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of 'Exquisite' is 'Delicate'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Delicate.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Crude (अशिष्ट, कच्चा): Something in its raw or unrefined state, lacking sophistication or polish.
• Example: The crude oil needs to be refined before it can be used.
• Harsh (कठोर): Something that is rough, severe, or unpleasant.
• Example: The harsh winter winds made it difficult to go outside.
• Ordinary (सामान्य): Something that is common, normal, or lacking in uniqueness.
• Example: He had an ordinary day at work without any surprises.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'Idiosyncracy'.

• The correct spelling would be 'Idiosyncrasy'.
• The word 'Idiosyncrasy' is a noun which means 'a mode of behavior or way of thought peculiar to an individual'. (विशिष्टता)
• For Example -
• Her habit of using too many commas is just one of her idiosyncrasies.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Idiosyncracy'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Resplendent - attractive and impressive through being richly colorful or sumptuous (दीप्तिमान)
• Dichotomy - a division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different (द्वैध)
• Vernacular - the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region (स्थानिक भाषा)

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: He asked me where I was going.
• Key Conversions:
• Question: The direct question "Where are you going?" is converted into an indirect question "where I was going."
• Verb tense: The present continuous tense "are going" changes to the past continuous tense "was going" in indirect speech.
• Pronoun: The pronoun "you" changes to "I" to match the subject of the reporting verb.
• Reporting verb: The verb "said to" is replaced by "asked" to reflect the interrogative nature of the sentence.
• Punctuation and Format:
• The direct speech question is not enclosed in quotation marks in indirect speech.
• The question mark is removed, as the indirect speech is a statement.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Sentence: He asked me where I was going.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "He asked me where I had gone."
• The past perfect tense "had gone" is incorrect as it changes the original meaning of the sentence.
• Option 2: "He asked me where I am going."
• The present continuous tense "am going" is incorrect in indirect speech, as the reporting verb "said" requires a past tense conversion.
• Option 3: "He asked me where I go."
• The simple present tense "go" is incorrect, as it does not match the original continuous action in the direct speech.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'idiosyncracy'.

• The correct spelling would be 'idiosyncrasy'.
• The word 'idiosyncrasy' is a noun which means 'a mode of behavior or way of thought peculiar to an individual'. (विशिष्टता)
• For Example -
• Her habit of using too many commas is just one of her idiosyncrasies.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'idiosyncracy'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Incredible - difficult to believe; extraordinary. (अविश्वसनीय)
• Guidance - advice or information aimed at resolving a problem or difficulty (मार्गदर्शन)

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The issue in the sentence lies in the incorrect usage of "since five years."
• The word "since" is used to denote a specific point in time, such as "since 2018" or "since Monday."
• For a duration of time, such as "five years," the correct preposition is "for."
• Thus, "since five years" should be replaced with "for five years."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "He has been living in Chennai for five years."

The correct answer is 'Compliment'.

 

Key Points

• The word "Compliment" refers to a polite expression of praise or admiration. (प्रशंसा)
• In this context, the sentence implies that she gave a positive comment about the speaker's new haircut.
• The other options: "complement," "complimente," and "compleement" are either incorrect or misspelled.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: She gave me a nice Compliment on my new haircut.

Additional Information

• Complement (पूरक): means something that completes or goes well with something else.
• Complimente: is not a valid English word.
• Compleement: is a misspelling of the word "complement."

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: Rina told Suman to leave the city immediately.
• Key Conversions:
• "Rina told Suman to leave" becomes "Rina said to Suman, 'Leave"
• The reporting verb "told" is converted to "said to" in direct speech.
• The command "to leave" is converted to the imperative "Leave".
• "the city immediately" remains unchanged
• The phrase "the city immediately" is directly used as it is in both indirect and direct speech.
• Punctuation and Format:
• Direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks.
• The command starts with a capital letter "Leave" and ends with a period "." inside the quotation marks.
• The reporting clause precedes the quoted speech, separated by a comma.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "Rina said to Suman, 'Leave the city immediately.'"

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Rina said to Suman, 'Leave the city immediately now.'"
• The word "now" is redundant as "immediately" already conveys the urgency.
• Option 2: "Rina said to Suman, 'Please leave the city immediately.'"
• The addition of "please" changes the tone from a command to a polite request.
• Option 4: "Rina said to Suman, 'You leave the city immediately.'"
• The addition of "You" is unnecessary and alters the concise command form.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The sentence given is in the passive voice: "By whom is this rule obeyed?"
• To convert it into active voice, we need to identify the subject and make it the doer of the action.
• The passive structure "is obeyed" changes to the active structure "obeys."
• The subject of the active voice becomes "Who."
• Therefore, the active voice form of the sentence is: "Who obeys this rule?"

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "Who obeys this rule?"

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Who is obeying this rule?" – Incorrect tense (present continuous).
• Option 2: "Who does obey this rule?" – Grammatically incorrect structure.
• Option 4: "Who has obeyed this rule?" – Incorrect tense (present perfect).

The correct answer is: Ignore.

Key Points

• The word "Ignore" means to deliberately pay no attention to someone or something; to disregard. (नज़रअंदाज़ करना)
• Example: He ignored all the warnings and continued with his plans.
• "Cold shoulder" is a phrase that means to intentionally ignore or show disinterest in someone. (जानबूझकर अनदेखा करना)
• Example: She felt hurt when he gave her the cold shoulder at the party.
• Hence, the phrase "He gave her a cold shoulder at the party" implies that he ignored her deliberately.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Ignore.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Apology (माफी): A statement expressing regret for a mistake or wrongdoing.
• Example: He offered a sincere apology for arriving late.
• Embrace (गले लगाना): To hold someone closely in one's arms as a gesture of affection.
• Example: They embraced warmly after meeting each other after a long time.
• Complaint (शिकायत): A statement expressing dissatisfaction or annoyance.
• Example: She filed a complaint about the noise coming from the neighboring house.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The correctly spelt word is 'Supersede'.

• The word 'Supersede' is a verb, which means 'to take the place of (a person or thing previously in authority or use); to replace'.
• For Example - 
• The new law will supersede the old one.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Supersede'.

The correct answer is: Trivia.

Key Points

• The word "Frivolous" means something that is not serious, lacks importance, or is trivial in nature. (तुच्छ, महत्वहीन)
• Example: She dismissed his concerns as frivolous and irrelevant to the discussion.
• "Trivia" refers to details, considerations, or pieces of information of little importance or value. (तुच्छ बातें)
• Example: The quiz was filled with trivia about pop culture and historical events.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of 'Frivolous' is 'Trivia'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Trivia.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Powerful (शक्तिशाली): Having great power or strength.
• Example: The president delivered a powerful speech that inspired the entire nation.
• Essential (आवश्यक): Absolutely necessary or extremely important.
• Example: Water is essential for the survival of all living organisms.
• Significant (महत्वपूर्ण): Sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention.
• Example: The discovery of penicillin was a significant breakthrough in medical science.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
• In the passive voice, the sentence is: "The documents are signed by the director before submission."
• To convert to active voice: Place the subject "the director" at the beginning.
• Change the passive verb form "are signed" to the active verb form "signs."
• Ensure the rest of the sentence structure remains intact for clarity.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: "The director signs the documents before submission."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "The documents are being signed by the director before submission." – This is still in passive voice.
• Option 3: "The director has signed the documents before submission." – Incorrect tense (present perfect).
• Option 4: "The director signed the documents before submission." – Incorrect tense (past simple).

The correct answer is 'of'.

 

Key Points

• The preposition "of" is used to indicate deprivation or loss of something.
• In the sentence, the word "deprived" is followed by the preposition "of" to signify that rights were taken away from the subject.
• Options 1, 2, and 4 are grammatically incorrect in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Complete Sentence: "He was deprived of his rights."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "with" is incorrect because "deprived with" does not convey the intended meaning.
• Option 2: "from" is incorrect because "deprived from" is not the appropriate construction.
• Option 4: "by" is incorrect because "deprived by" does not fit the context.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
• In the active voice, the sentence is: "They ought to have completed the task."
• To convert to passive voice: Place the object "the task" at the beginning.
• Change the active verb form "ought to have completed" to "ought to have been completed" (perfect modal passive).
• Ensure proper grammatical structure while maintaining the meaning of the original sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "The task ought to have been completed."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "The task ought have completed." – Incorrect structure and missing auxiliary verb.
• Option 2: "The task ought be completed." – Incorrect tense and form.
• Option 4: "The task ought to completed." – Missing auxiliary verb "have been" for perfect passive.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The paragraph begins by introducing the evolution of language and its connection to human history.
• Sentence R is the first sentence as it discusses the likely origin of spoken language:
• "Spoken language likely developed alongside tool use."
• Sentence P follows as it describes how early humans started using symbols to convey meaning:
• "Early humans used symbols to convey meaning."
• Sentence S is the third sentence because it transitions to the diversification of languages over time:
• "Over time, languages diversified across regions."
• Sentence Q is the fourth as it discusses the emergence of writing systems much later:
• "Writing systems emerged thousands of years later."
• The correct sequence is RPSQ.

 

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"The evolution of language is deeply linked to human history. Spoken language likely developed alongside tool use. Early humans used symbols to convey meaning. Over time, languages diversified across regions. Writing systems emerged thousands of years later. Today, language continues to evolve with technology."