English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is 'threw in the towel'.

 

Key Points

• The idiom 'threw in the towel' means to admit defeat or to give up on a task or challenge because it is perceived as too difficult or impossible to win.
• In the context of the sentence, Rahul analyzed the question pattern and difficulty level of the Army Preliminary Examination and decided to quit or stop trying.
• The other options like 'kerchief', 'gloves', and 'pen' do not form any standard English idiom that conveys the meaning of surrendering in this context.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: After much scrutiny of the question pattern and difficulty level, Rahul threw in the towel on the Army Preliminary Examination.

Additional Information

• The origin of the idiom 'throw in the towel' comes from boxing. When a boxer's coach or corner-man realizes their fighter can no longer safely continue, they throw a towel into the ring to signal surrender.
• A synonymous idiom is 'throw in the sponge', which was used more frequently in the past with the same meaning.

The correct answer is: Committee.

Key Points

• The word 'Committee' refers to a group of people appointed for a specific function by a larger group. (समिति)
• Example: The committee is scheduled to present its final report on the new educational policy next week.
• The correctly spelled word 'Committee' is unique because it contains three sets of double letters: double 'm', double 't', and double 'e'. (समिति)
• Example: Every member of the committee voted in favor of the proposal.
• Hence, we can infer that the correctly spelt word is 'Committee'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Committee.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings:

• Committie (समिति की गलत वर्तनी): This is an incorrect spelling as it incorrectly ends with 'ie' instead of 'ee'.
• Example: The spelling 'Committie' is incorrect and should not be used in formal writing.
• Commitee (समिति की गलत वर्तनी): This is an incorrect spelling because it is missing the second 't'.
• Example: You must remember to use double 't' when writing 'committee'.
• Comittee (समिति की गलत वर्तनी): This is an incorrect spelling because it is missing the second 'm' and the second 't'.
• Example: Always double-check the 'm' and 't' in the word 'committee' to avoid errors.

The correct answer is: Rescind.

Key Points

• The word 'Rescind' refers to the act of officially revoking, canceling, or repealing a law, order, or agreement. (रद्द करना)
• Example: The government had to rescind the controversial new policy after facing intense public pressure.
• 'Rescind' is the correctly spelled option among the choices provided, signifying a formal decision to abrogate a contract or decree. (रद्द करना)
• Example: The committee reserves the right to rescind the offer if the applicant provides false information.
• Hence, we can infer that 'Rescind' is the correctly spelt word.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Rescind.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Reproach (तिरस्कार): The correct spelling of the misspelled option 'Reproch', it means an expression of disapproval or disappointment.
• Example: He looked at his brother with reproach for forgetting his birthday.
• Raucous (कर्कश): Making or constituting a disturbingly harsh and loud noise. (

Note:

'Raucus' is an incorrect spelling).

• Example: The raucous sound of the crows early in the morning woke the whole neighborhood.
• Rebuke (फटकारना): The correct spelling of the misspelled option 'Rebucke', it means to express sharp disapproval or criticism of someone because of their actions.
• Example: The manager had to rebuke the employee for being consistently late to meetings.

The correct answer is: Pain.

Key Points

• The word 'agony' refers to extreme physical or mental suffering or distress; it is often used when someone is in a state of intense pain. (पीड़ा/अत्यंत कष्ट)
• Example: The player lay on the field in agony after the accident.
• 'Pain' refers to physical suffering or discomfort caused by illness or injury. It is the most appropriate synonym for agony in this context. (दर्द/पीड़ा)
• Example: He took some medication to relieve the pain in his injured leg.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of 'agony' is 'pain'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Pain.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Joy (हर्ष/खुशी): A feeling of great pleasure and happiness.
• Example: The victory brought immense joy to the fans.
• Comfort (आराम/सुविधा): A state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint.
• Example: He was resting in the comfort of his own home.
• Peace (शांति): Freedom from disturbance; a state of quiet or tranquility.
• Example: She enjoys the peace and quiet of the countryside.

The correct answer is: Unwilling.

Key Points

• The word 'reluctant' means feeling or showing hesitation or unwillingness; being disinclined to do something. (अनिच्छुक)
• Example: Many people are reluctant to share their personal information with strangers.
• 'Unwilling' refers to someone who is not ready, eager, or prepared to do something; it represents a lack of intent or desire. (अनिच्छुक)
• Example: The witness was unwilling to testify in court due to fear of retaliation.
• Hence, we can infer that 'unwilling' is the closest synonym to the word 'reluctant' as they both describe a state of being hesitant or resistant.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Unwilling.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Eager (उत्सुक): Strongly wanting to do or have something; showing keen interest or enthusiasm.
• Example: The eager students arrived early for the first day of class.
• Joyful (आनंदपूर्ण): Feeling, expressing, or causing great pleasure and happiness.
• Example: The news of their success brought a joyful smile to everyone's face.
• Brave (बहादुर): Ready to face and endure danger or pain; showing courage.
• Example: It was a brave decision to leave a stable job and start his own business.

The correct answer is Option (3) i.e. Expose.

Key Points

• The word 'bury' means to put or hide something under the ground or to cover something completely so that it cannot be seen. (दफनाना / छिपाना)
• Example: The pirates decided to bury their stolen treasure on a remote island.
• 'Expose' means to make something visible by uncovering it or to reveal something that was previously hidden; it is the direct opposite of burying or hiding. (प्रकट करना / उघाड़ना)
• Example: The melting snow began to expose the stone path beneath it.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'bury' is 'expose'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Expose.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Conceal (छिपाना): To keep something secret or to prevent it from being seen.
• Example: He tried to conceal his disappointment with a forced smile.
• Hide (छिपाना): To put or keep something out of sight.
• Example: She used to hide her diary under the mattress.
• Inter (दफनाना): To place a corpse in a grave or tomb, typically with formal funeral rites.
• Example: The fallen soldier was interred with full military honors.

The correct answer is Option (2) i.e. Cinematography.

Key Points

• The phrase 'The art of motion-picture photography' refers to the technique and craft of capturing moving images on film or digital media, encompassing lighting and camera choice. (चलचित्र फोटोग्राफी की कला)
• Example: The director worked closely with his team to master the art of motion-picture photography for his debut film.
• 'Cinematography' is the specific one-word substitution for the art or science of motion-picture photography. It involves the use of light, camera angles, and movement to create a visual story. (छायांकन)
• Example: The film was widely celebrated for its innovative cinematography and stunning visual effects.
• Hence, we can infer that 'Cinematography' is the most suitable one-word substitution.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Cinematography.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Calligraphy (सुलेख): The art of producing decorative handwriting or lettering with a pen or brush.
• Example: She spent years perfecting her calligraphy to create beautiful wedding invitations.
• Lithography (शिलामुद्रण): A method of printing from a flat surface (such as a smooth stone or a metal plate) treated so as to repel the ink except where it is required for printing.
• Example: The museum displayed several rare 19^th-century prints made through lithography.
• Photography (फोटोग्राफी): The art, application, and practice of creating durable images by recording light, either electronically or chemically.
• Example: His passion for nature photography took him to some of the most remote parts of the world.

The correct answer is Was the tank being cleaned in the afternoon?.

Key Points

• The original sentence is in the Past Continuous Tense and follows an interrogative structure. In such cases, the active voice follows the pattern: Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing + Object + ?
• To convert an interrogative sentence from active to passive voice, the Object of the active sentence (the tank) becomes the Subject of the passive sentence.
• Since the new subject the tank is a singular noun, the auxiliary verb must be Was to maintain correct Subject-Verb Agreement.
• The passive voice formula for the Past Continuous Tense requires the addition of the word being to reflect the ongoing nature of the action: Was/Were + New Subject + being + Past Participle (V3) + (by + Subject) + ?
• The main verb cleaning must be changed into its past participle form, which is cleaned.
• Applying these grammatical rules, the structure becomes: Was (auxiliary) + the tank (new subject) + being (continuous marker) + cleaned (V3) + in the afternoon? (adjunct).

 Additional Information

• Voice Conversion Rules:
• Past Continuous Tense: Always uses the combination of was/were + being + V3 in passive form.
• The word 'been': This is used in Perfect Tenses (e.g., Past Perfect) and is incorrect for continuous forms. This makes Option 1 grammatically invalid in this context.
• Simple Past Passive: If the word being is omitted (as in Option 4), the sentence becomes Simple Past Passive, which changes the original meaning of a continuous action.
• Interrogative Consistency: The question mark must remain, and the auxiliary verb must continue to precede the subject to maintain the question format.

The correct answer is A former Olympian is training the young athlete.

Key Points

• The provided sentence is in the Passive Voice, which is used when the focus is on the recipient of the action (the young athlete) rather than the performer.
• The verb phrase is being trained indicates that the sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense. This tense describes an action currently in progress at the time of speaking.
• In English Grammar, the structural formula for the Present Continuous Passive is: Object + is/am/are + being + Past Participle (V3) + by + Subject.
• To convert this to the Active Voice, the agent of the action (a former Olympian) must become the grammatical subject of the new sentence.
• The verb construction must change to the Active Present Continuous formula, which is: Subject + is/am/are + Present Participle (V-ing) + Object.
• The auxiliary is being is reduced to is, and the past participle trained is replaced with the present participle training to maintain the continuous aspect.
• The original subject, the young athlete, is placed in the object position following the main verb.
• The resulting sentence, A former Olympian is training the young athlete, correctly maintains the original meaning and the Present Continuous tense.

 Additional Information

• Understanding Voice and Tense:
• Active Voice: Emphasizes the doer of the action, providing a more direct and assertive tone in communication.
• Passive Voice: Shifts the emphasis to the patient or result, often used in formal writing or when the performer is secondary to the action.
• Tense Consistency: It is a fundamental rule of voice conversion that the tense of the original sentence must remain invariant.
• Simple Present conversion would yield 'A former Olympian trains...'.
• Present Perfect conversion would yield 'A former Olympian has trained...'.
• Present Continuous (as required here) must yield 'A former Olympian is training...'.
• Subject-Verb Agreement: In the active form, the singular subject a former Olympian requires the singular auxiliary is, ensuring grammatical accuracy.

The correct answer is 'on'.

 

Key Points

• The idiomatic expression 'on the way' is used to describe something that is situated along the route or path of a journey between two places.
• In the given sentence, Arpita's house is located along the route that connects Sambalpur to Bargarh.
• Therefore, the preposition 'on' is the most appropriate choice to fill in the blank.
• Using 'in' would change the meaning to 'in the way,' which implies an obstruction or obstacle, which is contextually incorrect for a house location.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Complete Sentence: 'Arpita's house is on the way from Sambalpur to Bargarh.'

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: 'by' is used to indicate proximity (near something), but it is not part of the standard idiom for describing location along a route.
• Option 2: 'at' is used for specific points or addresses (e.g., at the station) but does not fit the phrase 'the way from... to...'.
• Option 4: 'in' in the phrase 'in the way' means something is blocking the path or preventing movement.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The adjective fraught is part of a fixed idiomatic expression and is almost always followed by the preposition with.
• The phrase fraught with means to be filled with or teeming with something, typically something unpleasant, undesirable, or dangerous (e.g., fraught with danger, fraught with difficulties).
• In the context of the sentence, it correctly describes the healthcare sector as being full of numerous challenges such as inadequate funding and staff shortages.
• Since the underlined portion already uses the correct preposition with, the sentence is grammatically sound and requires no improvement.

Therefore, the correct answer is 4.

 

Correct Sentence: 'The healthcare sector is fraught with numerous challenges ranging from inadequate funding to shortage of trained staff.'

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: 'fraught in' is grammatically incorrect because in is not the standard preposition used with the adjective fraught.
• Option 2: 'fraught of' is incorrect as the word fraught does not collocate with the preposition of to mean 'full of'.
• Option 3: 'fraught by' is not the idiomatic way to describe a state of being filled with conditions or problems; with remains the correct choice for this meaning.
• Option 4: This option is chosen when the original phrasing is already correct in grammar, syntax, and usage.

The correct answer is 'on'.

 

Key Points

• The noun dependence refers to the state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else.
• In English grammar, certain nouns and verbs are followed by fixed prepositions. The noun dependence (as well as the verb depend) is traditionally followed by the preposition on or upon.
• In the given sentence, the old man relies on coffee, making on the grammatically correct choice to link dependence with the object.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Complete Sentence: 'The old man's dependence on coffee is really surprising.'

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: 'in' is generally used to indicate location, time, or containment (e.g., in the house, in the morning).
• Option 2: 'with' is used to indicate accompaniment, possession, or instrument (e.g., walk with me, write with a pen).
• Option 4: 'about' is used to indicate the subject or topic of something (e.g., a story about a dog).

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The paragraph begins with S1, which sets the scene by identifying the occasion as the festival of spring.
• Sentence C follows S1 because it introduces the people participating in the festival, describing a gaily clad humanity emerging from the narrow lanes and alleys like a swarm of rabbits.
• Sentence B is the second sentence in the sequence as it describes the physical movement of the crowd, as they leave the city through the city gates and enter the sparkling silver sunshine.
• Sentence A follows by providing specific details about how the various people in the crowd were traveling, mentioning they walked, rode on horses, or were carried in bamboo and bullock carts.
• Sentence D is the fourth sentence as it narrows the focus from the general crowd to a little boy who is brimming over with life and laughter, representing the individual joy of the festival.
• The sequence concludes with S2, which summarizes the joyous morning and its invitation to the fields full of flowers and songs.
• The correct sequence is CBAD.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

'It was the festival of spring. From the wintry shades of narrow lanes and alleys emerged a gaily clad humanity, thick as a swarm of bright-coloured rabbits issuing from a warren. They entered the flooded sea of sparkling silver sunshine outside the city gates and sped towards the fair.

Some walked, some rode on horses, others sat, being carried in bamboo and bullock carts. One little boy ran between his parent’s legs, brimming over with life and laughter. The joyous morning gave greetings and unashamed invitations to all to come away into the fields, full of flowers and songs.'

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The paragraph describes a character named Vladimir who is lost while driving toward a place called Jadrino.
• Sentence S1 is fixed as the starting point, establishing that Vladimir is driving through an endless wood and cannot find Jadrino.
• Sentence C follows S1 because it provides the reason for the situation described in S1:
• 'Vladimir discovered with horror that he had entered an unknown forest.' This realization explains why there was no end to the wood.
• Sentence A is the second sentence as it describes the immediate emotional reaction to the discovery made in sentence C:
• 'Despair took possession of him.'
• Sentence B follows A by describing the desperate actions Vladimir took as a result of his despair:
• 'He whipped the horse; the poor animal broke into a trot, but it soon slackened its pace...' This describes the struggle and the passage of time (about a quarter of an hr).
• Sentence D is the fourth sentence because it shows the physical result of driving on after the events in sentence B:
• 'Gradually the trees began to get sparser, and Vladimir emerged from the forest, but Jadrino was not to be seen.'
• Sentence S2 is fixed at the end, concluding the narrative by stating the time: 'It must now have been midnight.'
• The correct sequence is CABD.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

'But he drove on and on, and Jadrino was not to be seen; there was no end to the wood. Vladimir discovered with horror that he had entered an unknown forest. Despair took possession of him. He whipped the horse; the poor animal broke into a trot, but it soon slackened its pace, and in about a quarter of an hr it was scarcely able to drag one leg after the other, in spite of all the exertions of the unfortunate Vladimir. Gradually the trees began to get sparser, and Vladimir emerged from the forest, but Jadrino was not to be seen. It must now have been midnight.'

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The primary grammatical error in the sentence is the use of the word less to describe mistakes.
• In standard English, fewer is used for plural countable nouns (e.g., mistakes, people, books, apples), while less is used for uncountable nouns (e.g., water, sugar, time, money).
• Since mistakes is a countable noun, the comparative form should be fewer.
• Replacing the underlined part with she made fewer mistakes this time ensures the sentence is grammatically accurate.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: 'She made fewer mistakes this time, showing noticeable improvement in her work, thanks to her careful preparation and focus.'

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: 'lesser mistakes' – The word lesser is an adjective meaning 'not as great' or 'of lower importance' (e.g., the lesser of two evils). It is not used to denote a smaller quantity of countable items.
• Option 3: 'She made few mistakes' – While grammatically plausible, few is an absolute descriptor rather than a comparative one. The sentence context (this time) implies a comparison with previous performance, making the comparative fewer more appropriate.
• Option 4: 'No improvement required' – This is incorrect because less should not be used with plural countable nouns in formal writing.

The correct answer is 'the'.

Key Points

• The sentence requires an article to precede the noun phrase 'social media landscape'.
• In English grammar, the definite article 'the' is used when referring to a specific or particular member of a group. In this context, 'social media landscape' refers to a specific, unique environment of communication platforms.
• The passage discusses a specific shift in the environment of digital technology, making the definite article 'the' the most grammatically correct choice.
• 'A' and 'an' are indefinite articles used for non-specific items, and 'one' is a numeral; none of these fit the context of a well-defined 'landscape'.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Passage: *In the ever-evolving world of technology, social media apps have come and gone.

Some apps, once the dominant platforms for communication and social interaction, are now rarely used. One such app was 'Myspace,' which was immensely popular in the early 2000s. It allowed users to create personalized profiles, share music, and connect with friends. However, 1. the social media landscape has changed, and Myspace could no longer compete with newer apps like 'Facebook' and 'Instagram.' Similarly, 'Friendster,' an early social networking site, 2. paved the way for platforms we now take for granted. But despite its initial success, Friendster's user base declined sharply due to technical issues and competition from emerging platforms. As more social apps entered the scene, people eventually began to gravitate towards those that offered a more streamlined, engaging experience, leaving older apps 3. forgotten. Although some people still 4. reminisce about these earlier platforms, the digital age has moved on and now plays a much larger role in shaping our online lives. It is a reminder of how quickly technology 5. evolves and how the next new app can quickly replace the old.*

Additional Information

• 'A' is used before words beginning with a consonant sound.
• 'An' is used before words beginning with a vowel sound.
• 'One' is used when emphasizing quantity or as a pronoun, which is unnecessary here as the focus is on the specific 'landscape'.

The correct answer is 'paved'.

Key Points

• The passage discusses the history of social media platforms like Myspace and Friendster, focusing on their peak in the early 2000s and their subsequent decline.
• The sentence mentions that Friendster, an early social networking site, created the foundation or paved the way for modern platforms.
• Since the action refers to a completed event that happened in the past (the era of early social networking), the simple past tense form of the verb is required.
• 'Paved' is the past tense of the verb 'pave', which correctly fits the historical context of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Passage: *In the ever-evolving world of technology, social media apps have come and gone.

Some apps, once the dominant platforms for communication and social interaction, are now rarely used. One such app was 'Myspace,' which was immensely popular in the early 2000s. It allowed users to create personalized profiles, share music, and connect with friends. However, the social media landscape has changed, and Myspace could no longer compete with newer apps like 'Facebook' and 'Instagram.' Similarly, 'Friendster,' an early social networking site, paved the way for platforms we now take for granted. But despite its initial success, Friendster's user base declined sharply due to technical issues and competition from emerging platforms. As more social apps entered the scene, people eventually began to gravitate towards those that offered a more streamlined, engaging experience, leaving older apps forgotten. Although some people still reminisce about these earlier platforms, the digital age has moved on and now plays a much larger role in shaping our online lives. It is a reminder of how quickly technology evolves and how the next new app can quickly replace the old.*

Additional Information

• Pave: This is the base form (infinitive) of the verb and does not fit the past context.
• Paves: This is the third-person singular present form. Using it would suggest that Friendster is currently paving the way, which is inaccurate.
• Are paving: This is the present continuous plural form. It is grammatically incorrect for the singular subject 'Friendster' and contextually incorrect as the action is not happening now.

The correct answer is 'forgotten'.

Key Points

• The passage discusses the evolution of social media and how older platforms are replaced by newer, more engaging ones.
• The grammatical structure 'leaving + object + past participle' is used here to describe the resulting state of the older apps.
• 'Forgotten' is the past participle of 'forget'. It functions as an adjective in this context, meaning that these apps are no longer remembered or used by the general public.
• Other options like 'forgetting' (present participle), 'to forget' (infinitive), and 'forgot' (past tense) do not grammatically fit the sentence structure required to describe the state of the object (apps).

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: *In the ever-evolving world of technology, social media apps have come and gone.

Some apps, once the dominant platforms for communication and social interaction, are now rarely used. One such app was Myspace, which was immensely popular in the early 2000s. It allowed users to create personalized profiles, share music, and connect with friends. However, A. the social media landscape has changed, and Myspace could no longer compete with newer apps like Facebook and Instagram. Similarly, Friendster, an early social networking site, B. paved the way for platforms we now take for granted. But despite its initial success, Friendster's user base declined sharply due to technical issues and competition from emerging platforms. As more social apps entered the scene, people eventually began to gravitate towards those that offered a more streamlined, engaging experience, leaving older apps C. forgotten. Although some people still D. reminisce about these earlier platforms, the digital age has moved on and now plays a much larger role in shaping our online lives. It is a reminder of how quickly technology E. evolves and how the next new app can quickly replace the old.*

Additional Information

• Forgetting: This is the continuous form. If used, it would imply that the apps themselves are the ones doing the action of forgetting something.
• To forget: This is the infinitive form, which typically expresses purpose or future action, neither of which fits the description of the apps' status.
• Forgot: This is the simple past tense form. It cannot be used as an object complement to describe a state after the verb 'leave'.

The correct answer is 'Reflect fondly'.

Key Points

• The sentence in the passage is: 'Although some people still reminisce about these earlier platforms, the digital age has moved on...'
• The word 'reminisce' is a verb that means to indulge in enjoyable recollection of past events or experiences.
• In the context of the passage, it refers to users thinking back to early social networking sites like Myspace and Friendster with a sense of nostalgia or affection.
• 'Reflect fondly' directly captures this meaning of looking back at something from the past in a positive or sentimental way.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Passage: *In the ever-evolving world of technology, social media apps have come and gone.

Some apps, once the dominant platforms for communication and social interaction, are now rarely used. One such app was 'Myspace,' which was immensely popular in the early 2000s. It allowed users to create personalized profiles, share music, and connect with friends. However, the social media landscape has changed, and Myspace could no longer compete with newer apps like 'Facebook' and 'Instagram.' Similarly, 'Friendster,' an early social networking site, paved the way for platforms we now take for granted. But despite its initial success, Friendster's user base declined sharply due to technical issues and competition from emerging platforms. As more social apps entered the scene, people eventually began to gravitate towards those that offered a more streamlined, engaging experience, leaving older apps forgotten. Although some people still reminisce about these earlier platforms, the digital age has moved on and now plays a much larger role in shaping our online lives. It is a reminder of how quickly technology evolves and how the next new app can quickly replace the old.*

Additional Information

• Forget: This means to fail to remember or to be unable to recall information, which is the opposite of reminiscing.
• Ignore: This means to refuse to take notice of or acknowledge something, which does not fit the context of thinking about the past.
• Complain: This means to express dissatisfaction or annoyance about something, whereas reminiscing usually implies a more neutral or positive recollection.

The correct answer is 'Changes'.

Key Points

• The word 'evolves' in the context of technology refers to the process of gradual development, transformation, and adaptation over time.
• The passage describes how social media platforms rise and fall, indicating a continuous state of shift and transformation in the digital landscape.
• 'Changes' is the most appropriate synonym because it captures the essence of technology moving from one state (older apps) to another (newer, more advanced apps).
• The surrounding text mentions that technology 'moves on' and how new apps 'replace' the old, reinforcing the idea of constant change.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Passage: *In the ever-evolving world of technology, social media apps have come and gone.

Some apps, once the dominant platforms for communication and social interaction, are now rarely used. One such app was 'Myspace,' which was immensely popular in the early 2000s. It allowed users to create personalized profiles, share music, and connect with friends. However, 1. the social media landscape has changed, and Myspace could no longer compete with newer apps like 'Facebook' and 'Instagram.' Similarly, 'Friendster,' an early social networking site, 2. paved the way for platforms we now take for granted. But despite its initial success, Friendster's user base declined sharply due to technical issues and competition from emerging platforms. As more social apps entered the scene, people eventually began to gravitate towards those that offered a more streamlined, engaging experience, leaving older apps 3. forgotten. Although some people still 4. reminisce about these earlier platforms, the digital age has moved on and now plays a much larger role in shaping our online lives. It is a reminder of how quickly technology 5. evolves and how the next new app can quickly replace the old.*

Additional Information

• Remains (बना रहता है): Means to stay in the same place or condition, which is the opposite of evolution.
• Grows (बढ़ता है): While evolution can involve growth, it specifically refers to the process of modification and differentiation rather than just an increase in size.
• Repeat (दोहराना): Means to do or say something again, which does not fit the context of technological innovation.