SSC GD Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 24th November 2021 Shift 1)

The logic followed here is :

Sum of First two letters → First letter of new word

Third letter → Second letter of new word

Sum of last two letters → Third letter of new word

'FLOAT' is written as 'ROU'.

And

'CLAIM' is written as 'OAV'.

Similarly,

'ARMED' will be written as :

Hence, the correct answer is "SMI".

After unfolding the given paper the figure formed is as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given relation is as shown below :

• All Niece are Women.
• Some Niece will be Beauticians.
• Some Women will be Beauticians.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is :-

By using BODMAS RULE :

Given expression : 36 A (15 C 4) B (21 A 13) A 24 D (16 D 2) = ?

After replacing the given symbols in place of alphabets the expression is as follows : 36 + (15 × 4) - (21 + 13) + 24 ÷ (16 ÷ 2)

= 36 + (15 × 4) - (21 + 13) + 24 ÷ (16 ÷ 2)

= 36 + 60 - 34 + 24 ÷ 8

= 36 + 60 - 34 + 3

= 99 - 34

= 65

Hence, the correct answer is "65".

The arrangement of the given words in the order in which they appear in an English dictionary is as shown below :

2. Academy
3. Accent
4. Accord
5. Acoustic
6. Active

Hence, the correct answer is "2, 3, 4, 1, 5".

P, Q, R, S, T, U and V are sitting in a row on a wall facing towards the west.

1) S is fifth from the north end and R is just to the left of S.

2) Q is at one of the end points and T is his neighbour and V is sitting between T and U.

∴ Here, 'U' is sitting exactly in middle of the row.

Hence, the correct answer is "U".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "MLK".

The logic followed here is :-

‘LAYOUT’ is written as ‘WRRVDI’.

Similarly,

‘CHETAK’ will be written as :

Hence, the correct answer is "NXWBKZ".

Given,

The ages of two sisters Rajini and Rani are in the proportion of 2 ∶ 3.

Age of Rajini = 2x

Age of Rani = 3x

After 6 years, the proportion of their ages will be 3 ∶ 4

⇒ (2x + 6) : (3x + 6) = 3 : 4

⇒ (2x + 6) / (3x + 6) = 3 / 4

⇒ 4(2x + 6) = 3(3x + 6)

⇒ 8x + 24 = 9x + 18

⇒ 9x - 8x = 24 - 18

⇒ x = 6

The current age of Rajini is 2x = 2 × 6

The current age of Rajini = 12 years.

Hence, the correct answer is "12 years".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

I. Some rats are dogs → True (As All rats are dogs so, Some rats are dogs is True, As all rats are dogs, So some rats are dogs is definitely true)

II. Some hens are rats → True (As Some rats are hens. so, Some hens are rats is definitely true)

Hence, the correct answer is "Both conclusions I and II follow".

The image not embedded in given figure is as shown below :

​Hence, the correct answer is  "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

The opposite surface of the open dice can be found by the below method:-

• Alternate surfaces are opposite to each other.
• No two opposite surfaces are touched by side or by corners

So, by using the above rule we can find the opposite surface of open dice.

In the given figure, Opposite faces are :

∴ Here, the opposite face of face 'C' is 'H'.

Hence, the correct answer is "H".

The logic followed here is :-

(First number × ((First number × 2) + 2)) + 1 = Second number

• 7 : 113 → (7 × ((7 × 2) + 2)) + 1 = (7 × (14 + 2)) + 1 = (7 × 16) + 1 = 112 + 1 = 113
• 11 : ? → (11 × ((11 × 2) + 2)) + 1 = (11 × (22 + 2)) + 1 = (11 × 24) + 1 = 264 + 1 = 265
• 15 : 481 → (15 × ((15 × 2) + 2)) + 1 = (15 × (30 + 2)) + 1 = (15 × 32) + 1 = 480 + 1 = 481

Hence, the correct answer is "265".

Alternate Method7² + 8²

⇒ 49 + 64 = 113

15² + 16²

⇒ 225 + 256

Similarly

11² + 12²

⇒ 121 + 144 = 265

The correct mirror image of the given combination when the mirror is placed at AB is as shown below:-

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is :-

Viticulture is scientific study of Grapes.

Similarly,

Floriculture is scientific study of Flowers.

Hence, the correct answer is "Flowers".

Additional Information

• Sericulture is the process of cultivating silkworms.
• Botany is the scientific study of plants.

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "646".

Eight friends, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q and R, are sitting at two circular tables, one smaller inner table and one bigger outer table. Both the circular tables have the same centre. Four persons are sitting at each table at equal distances between them, facing the centre.

1) N is between P and K at the same table and Q and N are sitting in the south and are facing R and L and P is sitting opposite K at the outer table.

2) M is to the immediate right of L and L is between M and O at the same table and Q and N are sitting in the south and are facing R and L.

∴ Here, 'R' is sitting in north at outer table.

Hence, the correct answer is "R".

Family chart :-

Family Tree :

∴ Here, boy's mother is sister to Ranjitha's husband.

Hence, the correct answer is "Sister".

Given :- O _ K M _ O P K _ A O _ _ M A

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1) P A M P O → O P K M A - O P K M A - O P O M A

2) P M A P K → O P K M M - O P K A A - O P K M A

3) M A K A P → O M K M A - O P K K A - O A P M A

4) P A M P K → O P K M A - O P K M A - O P K M A

• Here, "OPKMA" is repeated.
• Option (4) gives the pattern of :- O P K M A - O P K M A - O P K M A

Hence, the correct answer is "P A M P K".

The figure that can replace the question mark (?) in the following series is as shown below :

• The image is rotated 90⁰ anti-clockwise from figure to figure.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is :-

Sum of alphabet positional value of letters in given word.

'RAT' is coded as '39'.

= 18 + 1 + 20

= 39

And

'DOG' is coded as '26'.

= 4 + 15 + 7

= 26

Similarly,

'YAK' will be coded as :

= 25 + 1 + 11

= 37

Hence, the correct answer is "37".

The logic followed here is :-

In a row : ((First number × 5) + Second number) + 3 = Third number

Row 1) :

= ((6 × 5) + 15) + 3

= (30 + 15 ) + 3

= 45 + 3

= 48

Row 2) :

= ((7 × 5) + 17) + 3

= (35 + 17) + 3

= 52 + 3

= 55

Row 3) :

= ((13 × 5) + 29) + 3

= (65 + 29) + 3

= 94 + 3

= 97

Hence, the correct answer is "97".

Alternate Method

Row 1) :

= (6 + 15) × 2 + 6

= 21 × 2 + 6

= 42 + 6

= 48

Row 2) :

= (7 + 17) × 2 + 7

= 24 × 2 + 7

= 48 + 7

= 55

Row 3) :

= (13 + 29) × 2 + 13

= 42 × 2 + 13

= 84 + 13

= 97

Hence, the correct answer is "97".

The logic followed here is :-

The given series is having alternate prime numbers.

Prime number from 1 to 50 are : 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47

Hence, the correct answer is "23".

The logic followed here is :-

1) FHLR

2) DFJP

3) NPTZ

4) GIMU

∴ Here, 'GIMU' is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "GIMU".

The logic followed here is :-

TONGUE : PUHOFV

Similarly,

MASTER : ?

Hence, the correct answer is "BNUTSF".

The correct answer is Malaysia.

In News

• Malaysia hosted the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation in November 2020.
• The 2020 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Economic Leaders’ Meeting was held under the Chairmanship of Malaysian Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin.
• This was the first time that all 21 APEC Economic Leaders met virtually due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The APEC 2020 ended with the adoption of the APEC Putrajaya Vision 2040 and the 2020 Kuala Lumpur Declaration.
• The APEC Summit 2021 will be hosted by New Zealand. This is Malaysia's second time hosting an APEC summit; the first was in 1998.
• The theme of the APEC Malaysia 2020 was “Optimising Human Potential Towards a Resilient Future of Shared Prosperity: Pivot. Prioritise. Progress”.
• The Putrajaya Vision 2040 is a new 20-year growth vision, which will replace the existing Bogor Goals, which was agreed by leaders in 1994 for free and open trade and investment in APEC.

Additional Information

 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 

• The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional economic forum established in 1989 to leverage the growing interdependence of the Asia-Pacific.
• APEC's 21 members aim to create greater prosperity for the people of the region by promoting balanced, inclusive, sustainable, innovative and secure growth and by accelerating regional economic integration.
• APEC has 21 members.
• The word "economies" is used to describe APEC members because the APEC cooperative process is predominantly concerned with trade and economic issues, with members engaging with one another as economic entities.

The correct answer is 239.

Key Points

• Article 239 of the Constitution of India deals with Administration of Union Territories.
• 239 - Administration of Union territories:
• Save as otherwise provided by Parliament by law, every Union territory shall be administered by the President acting, to such extent as he thinks fit, through an administrator to be appointed by him with such designation as he may specify
• Notwithstanding anything contained in Part VI, the President may appoint the Governor of a State as the administrator of an adjoining Union territory, and where a Governor is so appointed, he shall exercise his functions as such administrator independently of his Council of Ministers.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Ryotwari.

Key Points

• Under the Ryotwari system of land revenue, the ownership rights were handed over to the peasants and the British government collected taxes directly from them.
• At the end of the 18^th century, Captain Alexander Read and Sir Thomas Munro developed a system that later came to be known as the Ryotwari System. Sir Thomas Munro then implemented it while serving as governor of the Madras Presidency (1819–26). Under the Ryotwari system, the land revenue was paid by the farmers directly to the state.
• In this system, an individual cultivator by the name of Ryot had complete rights over the purchase, transfer, and leasing of land.
• The ryots could not be evicted from their land as long as they paid the rent.
• It was prevalent in most of southern India, first introduced in Tamil Nadu.
• Later, it was extended to Assam, Berar, East Punjab, Coorg, and Maharashtra.
• The advantages of this system were the elimination of middlemen, who often oppressed villagers.

Additional Information

• Mahalwari System
• In 1822, Englishman Holt Mackenzie introduced a new system known as the Mahalwari System in the North Western Provinces of the Bengal Presidency (most of this area is now in Uttar Pradesh).
• Lord William Bentick popularized the system in Agra and Awadh before expanding it to Madhya Pradesh and Punjab.
• Malguzari System
• The land tenure triumphing withinside the erstwhile Central Provinces changed into referred to as Malguzari device wherein the Malguzar changed into simply a sales farmer below the Marathas.
• Under the Malguzari system, the Lambardar/Sadar Lambardar appointed from amongst the Malguzars, was once the income engager.
• Taluqdar System
• The time period ‘taluqdar’ has unique meanings in exceptional components of India. In Oudh, taluqdar is a extraordinary landholder.
• But in Bengal, a taluqdar is subsequent to zamindar in extent of land manage and social status.
• The large zamindars themselves had created many taluqs underneath countless denominations, such as, junglburi taluq, mazkuri taluq, shikimi taluq, and so on.

The correct answer is Phylloquinone.

Key Points

• Phylloquinone is  another name for Vitamin K1.
• Vitamin K1 is a fat soluble vitamin used to treat hemorrhagic conditions in infants and coumarin overdoses.
• Vitamin K1, also called phylloquinone or phytonadione, is a fat soluble vitamin.
• Phylloquinone is a cofactor of the enzyme γ-carboxylase, which modifies and activates precursors to coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X.
• It is indicated in the treatment of coagulation disorders due to faulty formation of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X caused by deficiency or interference in the activity of vitamin K.

Additional Information Nicotinic acid

• Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid and vitamin B3, is a water soluble, essential B vitamin that, when given in high doses, is effective in lowering low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and raising high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which makes this agent of unique value in the therapy of dyslipidemia.
• Niacin can cause mild-to-moderate serum aminotransferase elevations and high doses and certain formulations of niacin have been linked to clinically apparent, acute liver injury which can be severe as well as fatal.

Thiamine

• Thiamin (thiamine), or vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin found naturally in some foods, added to foods, and sold as a supplement. Thiamin plays a vital role in the growth and function of various cells.
• Only small amounts are stored in the liver, so a daily intake of thiamin-rich foods is needed.

Riboflavin

• Vitamin B2, or riboflavin, is naturally present in foods, added to foods, and available as a supplement. Bacteria in the gut can produce small amounts of riboflavin, but not enough to meet dietary needs.
• Riboflavin is a key component of coenzymes involved with the growth of cells, energy production, and the breakdown of fats, steroids, and medications.

The correct answer is Rajasthan.

Key Points

• The highest peak in the Aravalli range is located in Rajasthan.
• Guru Sikhar (1,722 m), the highest peak, is situated in Mt. Abu located in Rajasthan.
• Aravalli range are aligned in north-east to south-west direction.
• Aravalli range run for about 800 km between Delhi and Palanpur in Gujarat.
• Aravalli range one of the oldest (very old) fold mountains of the world and the oldest in India.
• Now they are relict (remnants after severe weathering and erosion since millions of years) of the world’s oldest mountain formed as a result of folding (Archaean Era).
• They continue up to Haridwar buried under the alluvium of Ganga Plains.

Additional Information

• The range is conspicuous in Rajasthan (continuous range south of Ajmer where it rises to 900 m.) but becomes less distinct in Haryana and Delhi (characterized by a chain of detached and discontinuous ridges beyond Ajmer).
• According to some geographers, one Branch of the Aravalis extends to the Lakshadweep Archipelago through the Gulf of Khambhat and the other into Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
• It’s general elevation is only 400-600 m, with few hills well above 1,000 m.
• At the southwest extremity, the range rises to over 1,000 m..
• Here Mt. Abu (1,158 m), a small hilly block, is separated from the main range by the valley of the Banas.

The correct answer is Ashoka was opposed by a wise man named Chanakya (also known as Kautilya). 

Key Points

• Ashoka was not opposed by a wise man named Chanakya (also known as Kautilya).
• Ashoka belonged to the Mauryan dynasty.
• The empire that Ashoka ruled was founded by his grandfather.
• Ashoka is the only king in the history of the world who gave up conquest after winning a war.

Additional Information Facts about Ashoka

• In 304 BCE, Bindusara and Maharani Dharma or Shubhadrangi gave birth to Ashoka in Patliputra.
• He was known as Samraat Chakravartin, Devanampriya, and Priyadarsin.
• From the Hindu Kush Mountains in Afghanistan to Bangladesh, and from Assam in the east to Kerala and Andhra Pradesh in the south, he was in charge of a vast landmass. He died in 232 BCE. King Ashoka had an important role in Indian history and culture.
• In Sanskrit, the word "Ashoka" means "without sorrow." The grandfather of Ashoka was the founder of the Maurya Dynasty.
• According to the Tibetan writer Taranatha, Ashoka murdered his six brothers to seize the throne of Magadha.
• Ashoka was also known as "Chandaashoka".
• Ashoka became a follower of Buddha after the war of Kalinga in BC 261.
• He made Buddhism his state religion.
• He was appointed as the "Dharma Mahapatro’ to spread Buddhism all over Asia.
• He sent his daughter Sanghamitra and son Mahinda to Ceylon to propagate Buddhism.
• He built the lion stambh's-Ashok Stambh to spread Buddhism.
• The Ashok Stambh of Sarnath was accepted as the national emblem of India.
• Apart from Ashoka Stambh, Ashoka had built many pillars, rock edicts like Bharhut stupa, Dhamek Stupa, and Mahabodhi Temple.

The correct answer is liquefied natural gas (LNG).

Key Points

• In September 2021, Coal India Ltd. started a pilot project to replace use of diesel with liquefied natural gas (LNG) in dumpers.
• n a big push to reduce its carbon footprint, the national miner Coal India Ltd (CIL) has initiated the process of retrofitting Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) kits in its dumpers - the big trucks engaged in the transportation of coal in mines.
• This is significant as the world’s largest coal miner uses over 4 lakh kilolitres of diesel per annum with an annual expense of over Rs 3,500 crore.
• The move will reduce carbon emissions significantly and also save around Rs 500 crore annually if all existing Heavy Earth Moving Machines (HEMMs) including dumpers are retrofitted with LNG kit.
• Getting rid of diesel pilferages and adulteration are other added advantages.

The correct answer is Avani Lekhara.

In News

• In September 2021, Avani Lekhara became the first Indian woman to win two Paralympic medals.
• Avani Lekhara, a para shooter, made history by becoming the first Indian woman to take home two medals from the Paralympics.
• The 19-year-old rifle shooter now has a bronze medal in the women's 50m rifle 3-position SH1 event after winning gold in the women's 10m air rifle shooting SH1 class in Tokyo.
• She also became the first Indian woman to win two medals at the Para Games in the same edition. After qualifying for the final in the second position with 1176 points, Avani Lekhara continued her momentum in the medal round as well.
• The Jaipur-based shooter, who suffered spinal cord injuries in a car accident in 2012, had fired a total of 249.6 shots, which was a new Paralympic record and tied the world record.
• Prior to her, Joginder Singh Sodhi was the lone Indian to win multiple medals in the same edition of the Games when he fetched one silver and two bronze medals in the 1984 Paralympics.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Aedes.

Key Points

• The Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by the aedes species of mosquitoes.
• Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, which bite during the day.
• Symptoms are generally mild and include fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise or headache.
• Symptoms typically last for 2–7 days. Most people with Zika virus infection do not develop symptoms.
• Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause infants to be born with microcephaly and other congenital malformations, known as congenital Zika syndrome.
• Infection with Zika virus is also associated with other complications of pregnancy including preterm birth and miscarriage.
• An increased risk of neurologic complications is associated with Zika virus infection in adults and children, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuropathy and myelitis.

The correct answer is Manganese.

Key Points

• Manganese is a ferrous mineral.
• Manganese is a common ferrous metal with atomic number of 25 and the chemical symbol Mn.
• It constitutes roughly 0.1 per cent of the Earth’s crust, making it the 12^th most abundant element.
• Its early uses were limited largely to pigments and oxidants in chemical processes and experiments, but the significance of manganese to human societies exploded with the development of modern steelmaking technology in the 1860s.
• Because manganese is essential and irreplaceable in steelmaking and its global mining industry is dominated by just a few nations, it is considered one of the most critical mineral commodities for the United States.

Additional Information

• The metals other than iron and alloys that do not contain an appreciable amount of ferrous (iron) are known as non-ferrous metals. A distinguishing feature of non-ferrous metals is that they are highly malleable (i.e., they can be pressed or hammered into thin sheets without breaking).
• Nonferrous metallic minerals include metals such as copper, nickel, platinum, palladium, gold, silver, cobalt, chromium, zinc, lead, bismuth, tin, tungsten, tantalum, or niobium.

The correct answer is ₹15,000.

In News

• Under the FAME India Scheme Phase II, the Ministry of Heavy Industries increased the subsidy for electric two-wheelers to 15,000 per kWh in June 2021.
• The Central government has increased the subsidy under the second phase of the FAME India scheme on electric two-wheelers by 50 percent.
• The subsidy will now be Rs 15,000 per kWh for electric two-wheelers under FAME India phase II. Earlier, it was Rs 10,000 per kWh. In addition, the maximum subsidy for an electric two-wheeler will now be 40% of its cost, up from 20% previously.
• The government's continued support of electronic vehicles (EVs) will lower the price of electric two-wheelers, which will be very advantageous to buyers of electric motorcycles and scooters.
• Future mobility options must be sustainable, and better incentives for electric two-wheelers will boost adoption and encourage additional domestic technological investments.

Additional Information

• ​Some of the key features of the FAME II scheme are given below.
• Allocation of Rs 10,000 crores for a period of 3 years from 2019 to 2022. A budget of Rs 1 billion crore has been set aside to install electric vehicle charging stations.
• It has been suggested that every electric bus receive one slow charging unit and every ten electric buses receive one fast charging station.
• The purchase of about 5 lakh three-wheelers, 7000 electric buses, and 35,000 four-wheelers will be encouraged by the central government.
• FAME India Scheme's official website is located at https://fame2.heavyindustry.gov.in/. The Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises is in charge of overseeing the program.

The correct answer is Luni river.

Key Points

• Jawai Bandh is a reservoir built across Jawai River, which is a tributary of the Luni river.
• The dam is near Sumerpur town in Pali District of Rajasthan state in India.
• The dam was built by Maharaja Umaid Singh of Jodhpur. he gave idea of building a dam over River.
• Jawai w conceived in 1903 as its flooding waters caused heavy damage in Pali and Jalore district during monsoon. It was finally given shape in 1946.
• This dam covers an area of 13 km2.
• This is the biggest man-made dam in western Rajasthan.
• The dam has a capacity of 7887.5 million cubic feet and covers an area of 102,315 acres (414.05 km2) of cultivable command area. Its height is about 61.25 feet (18.67 m).
• Sei dam and Kalibor dam are the feeder dams of the Jawai dam. The catchment area of the dam site is 720 square kilometres and the basin is in the shape of a fan.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 63.

In News 

• Ease of doing business is an index published by the World Bank.
• It is an aggregate figure that includes different parameters which define the ease of doing business in a country.
• The study covers 11 indicator sets and 190 economies.
• India ranked low, around 130-140, till 2014.
• However, it zoomed to 63^rd position in 2019-20.
• The government’s goal was to be among the top 50 economies by 2020. India along with other top improvers had implemented 59 regulatory reforms in 2018-19, accounting for a fifth of all reforms recorded worldwide.
• Showcasing the accomplishment, India has claimed success of ‘Make in India’ campaign that sought to raise the manufacturing sector’s share in GDP to 25% by 2022 (later revised to 2025).

Additional Information

• After data irregularities and possible ethical matters involving bank staff on Doing Business were reported, World Bank said that it would discontinue the report from the year 2021.

The correct answer is resistor.

Key Points

• A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
• The resistor is a passive electrical component that creates resistance in the flow of electric current.
• In almost all electrical networks and electronic circuits, they can be found.
• The resistance is measured in ohms (Ω).
• An ohm is a resistance that occurs when a current of one ampere (A) passes through a resistor with a one-volt (V) drop across its terminals.
• The current is proportional to the voltage across the terminal ends.
• This ratio is represented by Ohm’s law: R = V I.
• Resistors are used for many purposes.
• A few examples include limiting electric current, voltage division, heat generation, matching and loading circuits, gain control, and setting time constants.
• They are commercially available with resistance values over a range of more than nine orders of magnitude.
• They can be used as electric brakes to dissipate kinetic energy from trains, or be smaller than a square millimetre for electronics.

Additional Information Transistor

• A transistor is a miniature semiconductor that regulates or controls current or voltage flow in addition amplifying and generating these electrical signals and acting as a switch/gate for them.
• Typically**, transistors consist of three layers, or terminals, of a semiconductor material, each of which can carry a current.**
• When working as an amplifier, a transistor transforms a small input current into a bigger output current.
• As a switch, it can be in one of two distinct states -- on or off -- to control the flow of electronic signals through an electrical circuit or electronic device.

Diode

• A diode is a semiconductor device that essentially acts as a one-way switch for current.
• It allows current to flow easily in one direction, but severely restricts current from flowing in the opposite direction.
• Diodes are also known as rectifiers because they change alternating current (ac) into pulsating direct current (dc).
• Diodes are rated according to their type, voltage, and current capacity.
• Diodes have polarity, determined by an anode (positive lead) and cathode (negative lead).
• Most diodes allow current to flow only when positive voltage is applied to the anode.

Capacitor

• A capacitor is a two-terminal, electrical component.
• Along with resistors and inductors, they are one of the most fundamental passive components we use.
• What makes capacitors special is their ability to store energy; they're like a fully charged electric battery.
• Caps, as we usually refer to them, have all sorts of critical applications in circuits.
• Common applications include local energy storage, voltage spike suppression, and complex signal filtering.

The correct answer is Varanasi.

Key Points

• Dev Diwali or Dev Deepawali is a Hindu festival observed in the Hindu month of ‘Kartik’, celebrated with great pomp and show in the Indian city of Varanasi, in Uttar Pradesh.
• Dev Diwali is the ‘Festival of Lights of the Gods’ and falls on the Kartik Purnima (full moon day), fifteen days after the celebrations of Diwali.
• It corresponds to the month of November-December in the Gregorian calendar.
• This religious ceremony is started by chanting of the holy Vedic mantras by the priests, lighting diyas at the ghats and sparkling of firecrackers, to welcome and please the Gods and Goddesses.

The correct answer is The Rowlatt Act.

Key Points

• 6 April 1919 was observed as a day of non-violent opposition to the Rowlatt Act.
• On 6 April 1919, Mahatma Gandhi started a non-violent Satyagraha against the unjust Rowlatt Act passed by the British government.
• The Rowlatt Act was the popular name for the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919 passed by the British Indian government.
• This Act was termed the ‘Black Act’ by the Indian public because of its unjust and restrictive nature. The Act was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council on 18^th March 1919.
• It basically extended the emergency provisions imposed by the 1915 Defence of India Act that was passed during the First World War.
• The Act gave the government the power to imprison any person suspected of terrorist activities for a maximum period of two years without trial.
• This was known as the Rowlatt Satyagraha and April 6^th was the designated date for the hartal to begin. People would refrain from going to work and hold meetings against the repressive act.
• The government clamped down heavily on the people. There were violent clashes in many parts.
• Two Congress leaders Dr. Satya Pal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew were arrested. The army was deployed in Punjab where martial law was enacted.
• The infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in Amritsar on 13^th April 1919. The people had gathered at the enclosed garden to celebrate Baisakhi and also to condemn the arrest of the two leaders.
• Colonel Reginald Dyer arrived there with his troops and without warning fired upon the unarmed crowd.
• In March 1922, the Rowlatt Act and 22 other acts were repealed by the government.

Additional InformationThe Simon Commission

• Simon Commission was the Indian Statutory Commission, which was a group of seven Members of Parliament under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon.
• The commission arrived in British India in 1928 to study constitutional reform in Britain’s largest and most important possession.
• The Government of India Act of 1919 provided for the appointment of a commission to study the progress of the governance scheme and suggest new steps after ten years Since the British administration had failed to include even a single Indian in the Commission, it was strongly opposed by national leaders and freedom.

The Cabinet Mission Plan

• Cabinet Mission was a high-powered mission sent in February 1946 to India by the Atlee Government (British Prime Minister.) The mission had three British cabinet members – Pethick Lawrence, Stafford Cripps, & and A.V. Alexander.
• The Cabinet Mission’s aim was to discuss the transfer of power from British to Indian leadership.
• Objectives of Cabinet Mission -To obtain an agreement with the Indian leaders as to the framing of a constitution for India.
• To formulate a constitution-making body (the Constituent Assembly of India)
• To establish an Executive Council with the support of the major Indian parties.

The Morely-Minto Reforms

• The Indian Councils Act 1909 was an act of the British Parliament that introduced a few reforms in the legislative councils and increased the involvement of Indians (limited) in the governance of British India.
• It was more commonly called the Morley-Minto Reforms after the Secretary of State for India John Morley and the Viceroy of India, the 4^th Earl of Minto
• The legislative councils at the Centre and the provinces increased in size.
• Indians were given membership to the Imperial Legislative Council for the first time.
• It introduced separate electorates for the Muslims.
• The members could discuss the budget and move resolutions. They could also discuss matters of public interest.
• They could also ask supplementary questions. No discussions on foreign policy or on relations with the princely states were permitted.
• Lord Minto appointed (on much persuasion by Morley) Satyendra P Sinha as the first Indian member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council.
• Two Indians were nominated to the Council of the Secretary of State for Indian affairs.

The correct answer is 1920.

Key Points

• Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up in 1920.
• Oudh Kisan Sabha, also known as Awadh Kisan Sabha, was formed by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramachandra and others.
• It was formed to fight against the landlords and talukdars, who demanded exorbitant taxes and rents.
• After the 1857 revolt, the Awadh taluqdars had got back their lands.
• This strengthened the hold of the taluqdars or big landlords over the agrarian society of the province.
• The majority of the cultivators were subjected to high rents, summary evictions (bedakhali), illegal levies, renewal fees or nazrana.
• The First World War had hiked the prices of food and other necessities.
• This worsened the conditions of the UP peasants. Mainly due to the efforts of the Home Rule activists, Kisan sabhas were organised in UP.

Additional Information

• The United Provinces Kisan Sabha was set up in February 1918 by Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi. Madan Mohan Malaviya supported their efforts. By June 1919, the UP Kisan Sabha had 450 branches.
• Other prominent leaders included Jhinguri Singh, Durgapal Singh and Baba Ramchandra.
• In June 1920, Baba Ramchandra urged Nehru to visit these villages. During these visits, Nehru developed close contacts with the villagers.
• In October 1920, the Awadh Kisan Sabha came into existence because of differences in nationalist ranks.

The correct answer is Sudha Murty.

Key Points

• The Day I Stopped Drinking Milk by Sudha Murty is a collection of short stories featuring life stories of people the author encountered in her life over the years.
• This book has valuable life lessons taken from the life experiences of ordinary people that will appeal to readers looking for moral stories in daily life.
• She shares her experiences at different times and with different people in the form of short stories which are enlightening as well as an eye opener.
• Here also she talks of different situations and gives us her own perspective on her experiences.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is ₹50,000.

Key Points

• ₹50,000 maximum amount of loan permissible under the ‘Shishu scheme’ of the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana.
• Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Ltd. [MUDRA] is an NBFC supporting development of micro enterprise sector in the country.
• MUDRA provides refinance support to Banks / MFIs / NBFCs for lending to micro units having loan requirement upto 10 lakh.
• MUDRA provides refinance support to micro business under the Scheme of Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana
• . The other products are for development support to the sector.
• The bouquet of offerings of MUDRA is depicted below.
• The offerings are being targeted across the spectrum of beneficiary segments.

Additional Information Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana

• Under the aegis of Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY), MUDRA has created products/ schemes.
• The interventions have been named 'Shishu', 'Kishore' and 'Tarun' to signify the stage of growth / development and funding needs of the beneficiary micro unit / entrepreneur and also provide a reference point for the next phase of graduation / growth to look forward to :
• Shishu : covering loans upto  50,000/-
• Kishor : covering loans above  50,000/- and upto 5 lakh
• Tarun : covering loans above  5 lakh and upto 10 lakh.
• With an objective to promote entrepreneurship among the new generation aspiring youth, it is ensured that more focus is given to Shishu Category Units and then Kishore and Tarun categories.
• Within the framework and overall objective of development and growth of micro enterprises sector under Shishu, Kishore and Tarun, the products being offered by MUDRA are so designed, to meet requirements of different sectors / business activities as well as business/ entrepreneur segments.
• The funding support from MUDRA are of two types: Micro Credit Scheme (MCS) for loans up to 1 lakh finance through MFIs.
• Refinance Scheme for Commercial Banks / Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) / Small Finance Banks / Non Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).

The correct answer is Naomi Osaka.

Key Points

• Naomi Osaka won the Women's Singles title at the US Open 2020 tennis tournament.
• Naomi Osaka is once again a champion in Flushing, New York.
• She defeated Belarusian Victoria Azarenka in three sets, 1-6, 6-3, 6-3, to win her second US Open title in three years, and the third major of her young career.
• Japan’s Naomi Osaka defeated Victoria Azarenka of Belarus to clinch the Women’s Singles title in the 2020 US Open Tennis tournament.
• This is the third Grand Slam title for the fourth seed Osaka.
• Osaka previously won the title at the 2018 US Open and 2019 Australian Open.
• She is now the first Asian player to win three Grand Slam singles titles.
• The victory has moved up Osaka to number 3 in the world rankings.

The correct answer is Girish Karnad.

Key Points

• Girish Karnad is the  author of 'Wedding Album'.
• Wedding Album , Girish Karnad's latest play, deals with an event so common in the life of the urban middle class in India today, and yet so fraught with anxiety, that it has provided the staple for innumerable tele-serials and commercial films: the impending 'arranged' marriage of a girl to a 'suitable', expat boy.
• Wedding Album, is a hilarious and moving spectacle that is deeply revelatory about the India that we live in today.
• The central characters of this play portray the modern, middle-class, Indian family: a daughter who lives in Australia with her husband and children, a son who is a media professional, a younger daughter who is willing to marry a 'suitable' boy from the US whom she has never met, a doting mother, an ageing father rapidly losing his authority, and a loyal cook.

The correct answer is Pawn.

Key Points

• Pawn is not allowed to move backwards on a chess board.
• Pawns just take small steps, but there are eight of them.
• The particular way they move brings to a game of chess structure, strategic content and in the endgame a clear goal. a pawn moves one square straight forward.
• It may not move backwards. pawns take diagonally forwards to a neighbouring square and only that far.
• Because the pawn captures differently from its normal move it can be blocked.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Kathak.

Key Points

• Padma Shri awardee Sitara Devi was known for her contribution to the field of Kathak.
• Sitara Devi is a well-known classical Kathak dancer of India, born at the day of the great Indian festival Diwali in Kolkata in 1920.
• As she was born on Dipawali, she has also named as Dhanalakshmi (nickname of which is Dhanno). She belongs to the Brahmin family of Varanasi.
• Her father, Sukhdev Maharaj, was also a Kathak performer and teacher.
• Her mother, Matsya Kumari, belongs to the Royal family of Nepal.
• Kathak was the source of income as well as the fervour of her family. Her father had passed all his talent (Kathak, Bharatanatyashastra, Sanskrit) to his children (daughters are Alaknanda, Tara, Dhano and sons are Chaube, Pande). She was depicted as the Nritya Samragini by Rabindranath Tagore when she was just 16.
• Rabindranath Tagore encouraged her to revitalize the Indian arts through the Kathak.
• Still, She is known as the Kathak queen of India.

Additional Information

• Till now she has performed in many corners of India as well as other countries. In 1967, she performed at Royal Albert Hall London and in 1976 at Carnegie Hall New York.
• She has awarded with the Sangeet Natak Akademi award in 1969, the Padma Shree award in 1973, the Kalidas Samman award in 1995 and the Nritya Nipuna award.
• Some of her other awards are:
• She got best actress award for the movie ‘Vatan’ and ‘Najam’ in 1943.
• She has awarded for performing at the Royal Albert and Victoria Hall in 1967 and for prestigious Carnegie Hall, New York in 1976.
• She has also been awarded with the prestigious Sangeet Natak Akademy award and Padmashri award by the Indian government.

The correct answer is 2016.

 Key Points

• ​Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana’ launched in 2016.
• Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) aims to safeguard the health of women & children by providing them with a clean cooking fuel – LPG, so that they don’t have to compromise their health in smoky kitchens or wander in unsafe areas collecting firewood.
• Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana was launched by Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on May 1^st, 2016 in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh.
• Under this scheme, 5 Cr LPG connections will be provided to BPL families with a support of Rs.1600 per connection in the next 3 years.
• Ensuring women’s empowerment, especially in rural India, the connections will be issued in the name of women of the households. Rs. 8000 Cr. has been allocated towards the implementation of the scheme.
• Identification of the BPL families will be done through Socio-Economic Caste Census Data.

The correct answer is Eighth.

Key Points

• Article 351 of the Constitution provides that it shall be the duty of the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India and to secure its enrichment by assimilating, without interfering with its genius, the forms, styles, and expressions used in Hindustani and in the other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule, and by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily, on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.
• It would thus appear that the Eighth Schedule was intended to promote the progressive use of Hindi and for the enrichment and promotion of that language.
• The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution consists of the following 22 languages:- (1) Assamese, (2) Bengali, (3) Gujarati, (4) Hindi, (5) Kannada, (6) Kashmiri, (7) Konkani, (8) Malayalam, (9) Manipuri, (10) Marathi, (11) Nepali, (12) Oriya, (13) Punjabi, (14) Sanskrit, (15) Sindhi, (16) Tamil, (17) Telugu, (18) Urdu (19) Bodo, (20) Santhali, (21) Maithili and (22) Dogri.
• Of these languages, 14 were initially included in the Constitution. The Sindhi language was added in 1967.
• In 1992, three additional languages—Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali—were added.
• Subsequently, Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali were added in 2004.

Additional Information

Shortcut Trick

Length of Train A = Speed × Time = (60 × 5/18) × 15 = 250 m

Relative speed (opposite direction) = (60 + 48) × 5/18 = 108 × 5/18 = 30 m/s

Total distance (Length of Train A + Length of Train B) = Relative speed × Time = 30 × 19 = 570 m

Length of Train B = 570 − 250 = 320 m

∴ The correct answer is 320 m.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed of Train A (S_A) = 60 km/h

Time taken by Train A to cross an electric pole = 15 s

Speed of Train B (S_B) = 48 km/h

Time taken by both trains to cross each other = 19 s

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Speed in m/s = Speed in km/h × (5/18)

Relative Speed (opposite directions) = S_A + S_B

Calculations:

Train A 60 km/h → Length = 250 m

Train B ← 48 km/h Length = ?

Relative Speed = 108 km/h | Time = 19 s

⇒ Speed of Train A in m/s = 60 × 5/18 = 50/3 m/s

⇒ Length of Train A (L_A) = Speed × Time = (50/3) × 15 = 250 m

⇒ Relative speed of Train A and Train B = 60 + 48 = 108 km/h

⇒ Relative speed in m/s = 108 × 5/18 = 30 m/s

⇒ Total distance covered during crossing = L_A + L_B

⇒ Total Distance = Relative speed × Time

⇒ 250 + L_B = 30 × 19

⇒ 250 + L_B = 570

⇒ L_B = 570 − 250 = 320 m

∴ The correct answer is 320 m.

Additional Information

Relative Speed (Opposite Directions)

When two bodies move in opposite directions, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds: Relative Speed = S₁ + S₂

Relative Speed (Same Direction)

When two bodies move in the same direction, their relative speed is the difference of their individual speeds: Relative Speed = |S₁ − S₂|

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/h to m/s, multiply the value by 5/18. To convert speed from m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Train Crossing Concepts

When a train crosses a stationary object of negligible length (like an electric pole or a standing man), the distance traveled is equal to the length of the train itself. When crossing another train or a platform, the distance traveled is the sum of their lengths: L₁ + L₂.

Given:

The cost of 2 dozen bananas is Rs. 240 and the cost of 18 lemons is Rs. 90.

Concept used:

1 dozen = 12 Bananas

likewise, 2 dozen = 24 Bananas

Calculation:

The cost of 24 bananas = Rs. 240

So, cost of each banana = 240/24 = Rs.10

The cost of 18 lemons = Rs. 90

So, cost of each lemon = 90/18 = Rs. 5

Now, the ratio of the cost of 1 lemon to one banana = 5 : 10

⇒ 1 : 2

∴ The ratio of the cost of 1 lemon to that of one banana is 1 : 2.

Given:

The ratio of train and bus fares from A to B is 3 ∶ 5.

The train fare is increased by 15% and bus fare is increased by 10%.

Calculation:

According to the question,

⇒ 3 + 3 × 15% : 5 + 5 × 10%

⇒ 3.45 : 5.5

⇒ 345 : 550

⇒ 69 : 110

∴ The ratio of the new fares of train and bus will be 69 : 110.

Given:

The average of 19 numbers is 24.

The average of the first 8 numbers is 26.5 and that of the last 12 numbers is 21.5.

Concept used:

Total = Average × Number of entities

Calculation:

Sum of the first 8 numbers i.e. 1^st + 2^nd + .... + 8^th

⇒ 26.5 × 8 = 212

Sum of the last 12 numbers i.e. 19^th + 18^th + ... + 8^th

⇒ 21.5 × 12 = 258

Sum of all 19 numbers i.e. (1^st + 2^nd + ... + 8^th + ... + 19^th)

⇒ 19 × 24 = 456

According to the question,

(1^st + 2^nd + .... + 8^th) + (19^th + 18^th + ... + 8^th) = 212 + 258

⇒ (1^st + 2^nd + ... + 8^th + ... + 19^th) + 8^th = 470

⇒ (1^st + 2^nd + ... + 8^th + ... + 19^th) + 8^th = 470

⇒ 456 + 8^th = 470

⇒ 8^th = 470 - 456

⇒ 8^th = 14

Now, excluding the 8^th number, the average

⇒ (456 - 14) ÷ (19 - 1)

⇒ 442/18

⇒ 24.55 ≈ 24.6

∴ Excluding the 8^th number, the average will be 24.6.

Given: 

10 km upstream & 12 km downstream in 4hours.

$7\frac{1}{2}$ km upstream & 7 km downstream in $2\frac{3}{4}$ hours.

Concept used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Upstream speed = speed of still water - speed of the stream

Downstream speed = speed of still water + speed of the stream.

Downstream = DS, Upstream = US, Speed of the boat  in Still water = SW and 

Speed of the stream = V

Total time = DS/(SW + V) + US/(SW - V)

Calculation:

Let the speed of the boat be B km/h and the flow of the stream be R km/h respectively.

Upstream speed = (B - R) km/h

Downstream speed = (B + R) km/h

Now let,

1/(B - R) = P

1/(B + R) = Q

According to the question,

10/(B - R) + 12/(B + R) = 4

⇒ 10P + 12Q = 4

⇒ 75P + 90Q = 30      ....(1) (Multiplied both sides by 7.5)

7.5/(B - R) + 7/(B + R) = 2.75

⇒ 7.5P + 7Q = 2.75

⇒ 75P + 70Q = 27.5      ....(2) (Multiplied both sides by 10)

Equation (1) - (2),

75P + 90Q - 75P - 70Q = 30 - 27.5

⇒ 20Q = 2.5

⇒ Q = 2.5/20

⇒ Q = 0.125

Putting Q  in equation (1),

75P + 90 × 0.125 = 30

⇒ 75P = 30 - 11.25

⇒ P = 18.75/75

⇒ P = 0.25

Now, upstream speed = (B - R)

⇒ 1/P

⇒ 1/0.25 = 4 km/h

∴ The upstream speed is 4 km/h.

Given:

Diameter of a sphere = 56 cm

Concept used:

The surface of a sphere = 4πR² (R is the radius of the sphere)

Radius = Diameter ÷ 2

Calculation:

According to the question,

Radius of the sphere = 56/2 = 28 cm

Now, the surface area of the sphere = 4π × 28²

⇒ 4 × 22/7 × 28 × 28

⇒ 9856 cm²

∴ The surface area of the sphere is 9856 cm².

Given:

Total savings of Rs. 1,62,000 distributed among wife, 3 sons and a daughter.

Calculation:

According to the question,

Let each son gets Rs. Q.

Sons get in total = Rs. 3Q

Daughter gets = 2 × Q = Rs. 2Q

Wife gets = 2 × 2Q = Rs. 4Q

According to the question,

4Q + 2Q + 3Q = 162000

⇒ Q = 162000/9

⇒ Q = 18000

Now, his daughter gets = 2 × 18000

⇒ Rs. 36,000

∴ His daughter gets Rs. 36,000.

Given:

A shopkeeper gives 17% discount on the discounted price

An initial discount of 12% on the marked price of a refrigerator.

Final selling price = Rs. 21,912

Concept used:

Selling price = Marked Price - Marked Price × Discount%

Final discount percentage after two successive discounts of A% and B% = $(A + B - {AB \over 100})\%$

Calculation:

Final discount percentage = {12 + 17 - (12 × 17)/100}}% = 26.96%

Let the marked price be M.

According to the concept,

M - M × 26.96% = 21912

⇒ M × 0.7304 = 21912

⇒ M = 21912/0.7304

⇒ M = 30,000

∴ The marked price of the item was Rs. 30,000.

Shortcut Trick 

The first discount is 12% = $\frac{3}{25}$ 

The second discount is 17% = $\frac{17}{100}$

⇒ $MP \times \frac{22}{25} \times \frac{83}{100} = 21912$

⇒ $MP =\frac{ 21912\times 25\times100}{22\times83}$ 

⇒ MP = 30,000.

Concept used:

BODMAS Rule

Calculation:

$\left(1\frac{1}{9}\times 1\frac{1}{20}\div\frac{21}{38}-\frac{1}{3}\right)\times\frac{3}{8}-\left(\frac{2}{3}\div\frac{3}{4}\ of\ \frac{5}{9}\right)\div3\frac{1}{5}+1\frac{1}{6}$

⇒ $\left(\frac{10}{9}\times \frac{21}{20}\div\frac{21}{38}-\frac{1}{3}\right)\times\frac{3}{8}-\left(\frac{2}{3}\div\frac{3}{4}\ \times\ \frac{5}{9}\right)\div\frac{16}{5}+\frac{7}{6}$

⇒ $\left(\frac{10}{9}\times \frac{21}{20} \times \frac{38}{21}-\frac{1}{3}\right)\times\frac{3}{8}-\left(\frac{2}{3} \div \frac{5}{12}\ \right)\div\frac{16}{5}+\frac{7}{6}$

⇒ $(\frac{19}{9}-\frac{1}{3})\times\frac{3}{8}-\left(\frac{2}{3} \times \frac{12}{5}\ \right)\div\frac{16}{5}+\frac{7}{6}$

⇒ $\frac{16}{9}\times\frac{3}{8} - \frac{8}{5} \div\frac{16}{5}+\frac{7}{6}$

⇒ $\frac{16}{9}\times\frac{3}{8} - \frac{8}{5} \times \frac{5}{16}+\frac{7}{6}$

⇒ ${2 \over 3} - {1 \over 2} + {7 \over 6}$

⇒ ${4 - 3 + 7} \over 6$

⇒ $8 \over 6$

⇒ $4 \over 3$

⇒ $1\frac{1}{3}$

∴ The simplified answer is $1\frac{1}{3}$.

Concept used:

BODMAS Rule

Calculation:

2 ÷ [(-6) ÷ 2 × 3] × 3 - 1

⇒ 2 ÷ [-3 × 3] × 3 - 1

⇒ 2 ÷ -9 × 3 - 1

⇒ -2/9 × 3 - 1

⇒ -2/3 - 1

⇒ -5/3 =  $-1\frac{2}{3}$

∴ The required answer is $-1\frac{2}{3}$.

Given:

The selling price of both of them is the same and both get 40% profit.

The difference between their profits is Rs. 120.

Concept used:

Selling Price = Cost Price × (1 + Profit%)

Profit = Selling price - Cost price

Calculation:

Let the seling price of the article for both A and B be Q.

Cost price for A = Q - Q × 40%

⇒ 0.6Q

Profit of A = Q - 0.6Q

⇒ 0.4Q = 4Q/10

Cost price of B = Q ÷ (1 + 40%)

⇒ Q/(1 + 0.4)

⇒ Q/1.4

⇒ 5Q/7

Profit of B = Q - 5Q/7

⇒ 2Q/7

According to the question,

4Q/10 - 2Q/7 = 120

⇒ (28Q - 20Q)/70 = 120

⇒ 8Q = 120 × 70

⇒ Q = 8400/8

⇒ Q = 1050

∴ The selling price of the article is Rs. 1,050.

Alternate MethodA (calculate on SP) = 40% = 2/5 

SP = 5 so the CP = 3

B (Calculated on CP) = 40% = 2/5

CP = 5 so the SP = 7

We have to equate the SP because SP is equally given in the question 

A (SP) = 35  CP = 21

B (CP) = 25   SP = 35

Difference between the Profits 

A (profit) - B (profit) = 120

14 -10 =120

4 unit = 120 

1 unit = 30 unit 

So the SP will be = 35*30 = 1050.

Given:

The ratio of efficiencies of X and Y for doing a certain work is 5 ∶ 9.

Working together, they complete a work = 15 days

Concept used:

Total work = Efficiency × total time 

Calculation:

According to the question, 

Total efficiency of X & Y = ( 5 + 9) = 14 units

Total time taken by both X & Y together = 15 days 

Total work = 14 × 15 = 210 units.

Now,

X alone can complete $66\frac{2}{3}\%$  of the total work means,

Total work × $66\frac{2}{3}\%$ 

⇒ 210 × $66\frac{2}{3}\%$

⇒ 210 × 200/300 = 140 units

Time taken by X to complete 140 units,

⇒ 140/5 = 28 days.

∴ X will complete $66\frac{2}{3}\%$ of the same work in 28 days.

Given:

Two numbers are in the ratio 5 ∶ 9.

Their HCF is 14.

Concept used:

HCF of two or more numbers is the greatest factor that divides the numbers.

LCM is the smallest common multiple of two or more numbers.

Calculation:

According to the concept,

The first number = 5 × 14 = 70

The second number = 9 × 14 = 126

70 = 2 × 5 × 7

126 = 2 × 3² × 7

LCM (70, 126) = 2 × 3² × 5 × 7

⇒ 630

∴ Their LCM is 630.

Shortcut TrickLet the two number be 5x & 9x

HCF = 14 and,

The HCF of 5x and 9x is x = 14

So, LCM = (x) × 5 × 9

⇒  14 × 5 × 9 = 630.

Given:

Ages of Ramesh and his wife are 40 years and 36 years, respectively.

Average age of their son and 2 daughters is 13 years.

Concept used:

Total sum = Average × Number of entities.

Calculation:

According to the question,

Sum of the age of their children = 13 × 3 = 39 years

Sum of the age of all family members = 40 + 36 + 39 = 115 years

Total number of family members = 3 + 2 = 5

Now, the average age of the family = 115/5 = 23 years

∴ The average age of the family is 23 years.

Concept used:

Calculation:

20% of 80 + 2x = 45% of 30 + 20% of 85

⇒ 80 × 0.2 + 2x = 30 × 0.45 + 85 × 0.2

⇒ 16 + 2x = 13.5 + 17

⇒ 2x = 13.5 + 17 - 16

⇒ 2x = 14.5

⇒ x = 7.25

⇒ x = $7\frac{1}{4}$

∴ The value of x is $7\frac{1}{4}$.

Shortcut Trick

Efficiency ratio of Worker to Supervisor = 100 : 125 = 4 : 5.

Total Work = Worker efficiency × Days = 4 × 25 = 100 units.

Combined efficiency of 1 Supervisor and 5 Workers = (1 × 5) + (5 × 4) = 5 + 20 = 25 units/day.

Required time = Total Work ÷ Combined Efficiency = 100 ÷ 25 = 4 days.

∴ The correct answer is 4 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by 1 Worker = 25 days.

Supervisor is 25% more efficient than the Worker.

Formula Used:

Total Work = Efficiency × Time

Time = Total Work ÷ Efficiency

⇒ Let Worker efficiency be 4 units/day.

⇒ Supervisor efficiency = 4 + 25% of 4 = 4 + 1 = 5 units/day.

⇒ Total Work = 25 days × 4 units/day = 100 units.

⇒ Efficiency of 1 Supervisor = 1 × 5 = 5 units/day.

⇒ Efficiency of 5 Workers = 5 × 4 = 20 units/day.

⇒ Total efficiency of (1 Supervisor + 5 Workers) = 5 + 20 = 25 units/day.

⇒ Time taken = 100 ÷ 25 = 4 days.

∴ The correct answer is 4 days.

Additional Information

Efficiency and Time Relationship

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a task. If efficiency increases by a factor, time decreases by the same factor.

Work and Wages

Wages are generally distributed in the ratio of the work done by each person, which is the product of their efficiency and the time they worked.

Combined Work Formula

If A can do a work in 'x' days and B in 'y' days, together they complete it in (x × y) ÷ (x + y) days.

Given:

Marked price Rs. 1,400 and allowed 25% discount to a retailer, who sold it by earning 12% profit.

Concept used:

Selling price = Marked Price - Marked Price × Discount%

Selling Price = Cost Price + Cost Price × Gain%

Calculation:

According to the question,

Cost price to the retailer = 1400 - 1400 × 25%

⇒ Rs. 1050

Selling price of the retailer = 1050 + 1050 × 12%

⇒ Rs. 1176

∴ The retailer sold the item at Rs. 1176.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of parts when amounts are equal = 1/(100 + R₁T₁) : 1/(100 + R₂T₂) : 1/(100 + R₃T₃)

Ratio A : B : C = 1/(100 + 5×3) : 1/(100 + 5×4) : 1/(100 + 5×5) = 1/115 : 1/120 : 1/125

Simplified Ratio = 1/23 : 1/24 : 1/25 = (24×25) : (23×25) : (23×24) = 600 : 575 : 552

Total units = 600 + 575 + 552 = 1727 units → Rs. 1,727, so 1 unit = Rs. 1

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 600.

Alternate Method

Given: Total Sum = Rs. 1,727, Rate (R) = 5% per annum, Time for A (T₁) = 3 years, Time for B (T₂) = 4 years, Time for C (T₃) = 5 years.

Formula Used: Amount (A) = P × (1 + RT/100)

⇒ Amount A = A × (1 + 5 × 3 / 100) = 1.15A

⇒ Amount B = B × (1 + 5 × 4 / 100) = 1.20B

⇒ Amount C = C × (1 + 5 × 5 / 100) = 1.25C

⇒ 1.15A = 1.20B = 1.25C ⇒ 115A = 120B = 125C

⇒ 23A = 24B = 25C

⇒ A : B : C = (1/23) : (1/24) : (1/25) = (24 × 25) : (23 × 25) : (23 × 24)

⇒ A : B : C = 600 : 575 : 552

⇒ Sum of ratio = 600 + 575 + 552 = 1727

⇒ Share of A = (600 / 1727) × 1727 = Rs. 600

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 600.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Formula

Interest (I) = (P × R × T) / 100, where P is principal, R is rate, and T is time.

Case of Equal Interests

If the Simple Interests are equal, the principal parts are divided in the ratio P₁ : P₂ : P₃ = 1/R₁T₁ : 1/R₂T₂ : 1/R₃T₃.

Case of Equal Amounts

If the Amounts are equal, the principal parts are divided in the ratio P₁ : P₂ : P₃ = 1/(100 + R₁T₁) : 1/(100 + R₂T₂) : 1/(100 + R₃T₃).

Shortcut Trick

Area of four walls = 2 × (Length + Breadth) × Height

Area = 2 × (12 + 15) × 20 = 2 × 27 × 20 = 1080 m²

Total Cost = Area × Rate = 1080 × 2 = ₹2160

∴ The correct answer is ₹2160.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length (l) = 12 m, Breadth (b) = 15 m, Height (h) = 20 m

Rate of white washing = ₹2/m²

Formula Used:

Lateral Surface Area (LSA) of a Cuboid = 2h(l + b)

Calculations:

⇒ Area of four walls = 2 × 20 × (12 + 15)

⇒ Area = 40 × 27

⇒ Area = 1080 m²

⇒ Total Cost = Area × Rate

⇒ Total Cost = 1080 × 2

⇒ Total Cost = ₹2160

∴ The correct answer is ₹2160.

Additional Information

Total Surface Area of Cuboid

The total surface area including floor and ceiling is given by 2(lb + bh + hl).

Volume of Cuboid

The space occupied by the room is calculated as Length × Breadth × Height (l × b × h).

Diagonal of Cuboid

The longest rod that can be placed in the room is √(l² + b² + h²).

Shortcut Trick

Let the Principal (Sum) be 100%.

Rate = 5% per annum, Time = 6 years.

Total Simple Interest = 5% × 6 = 30%.

Difference between Sum and Interest = 100% − 30% = 70%.

Given: 70% → ₹5,600. Therefore, 100% → (5,600 ÷ 70) × 100 = ₹8,000.

∴ The correct answer is ₹8,000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Rate (R) = 5% | Time (T) = 6 years | Difference (P − SI) = ₹5,600

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculations:

⇒ SI = (P × 5 × 6) ÷ 100

⇒ SI = 30P ÷ 100 = 0.3P

⇒ According to the question: P − SI = 5,600

⇒ P − 0.3P = 5,600

⇒ 0.7P = 5,600

⇒ P = 5,600 ÷ 0.7

⇒ P = 8,000

∴ The correct answer is ₹8,000.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Formula

The basic formula is SI = (P × R × T) / 100, where P is Principal, R is Rate per annum, and T is Time in years.

Amount in Simple Interest

Total Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI). It can also be written as A = P(1 + RT/100).

Rate and Time Relationship

If the sum doubles itself in T years at SI, then the rate R = 100 / T.

Given:

Given lengths = 4 m 90 cm, 3 m 85 cm and 12 m 95 cm.

Concept used:

HCF is the largest number or quantity that is a factor of each member of a group of numbers.

Calculation:

According to the question,

4 m 90 cm = 490 cm

3 m 85 cm = 385 cm

12 m 95 cm = 1295 cm

HCF (490, 385, 1295) = 35

∴ The greatest possible length can be used to measure exactly the lengths 4 m 90 cm, 3 m 85 cm, and 12 m 95 cm, is 35 cm.

Given:

Claimed rate of interest = 14%

Concept used:

Simple Interest, SI = (P × R × T)/100

Amount = P + SI, where

P = Principal amount

R = Rate of interest per year

T = Time in years

Calculation:

Let the principal amount be Rs. 100.

So, after the first 6 months, the interest incurred

⇒ (100 × 14 × 6/12)/100 = Rs. 7

For the next 6 months, the principal = 100 + 7 = Rs. 107

So, after the next 6 months, the interest incurred

⇒ (107 × 14 × 6/12)/100 = Rs. 7.49

So, the total interest = 7.49 + 7 = Rs. 14.49

On the principal amount of Rs. 100, the amount of interest is charged Rs. 14.49.

Now, the rate of interest = 14.49%

∴ The simple rate of interest is 14.49% in this case.

Given:

A is 48% less than B and C is 20% more than the sum of A and B. 

Calculation:

Let B be 100.

A = 100 - 100 × 48% = 52

Sum of A and B = 100 + 52 = 152

C = 152 + 152 × 20% = 182.4

Now, % less = ${{182.4 - 100}\over 182.4} \times 100\%$

⇒ 45.175% ≈ 45.2%

∴ B is 45.2% less than C.

Shortcut Trick

Assume initial Cost Price (CP₁) = 100. Then Selling Price (SP) = 170 (since profit is 70%).

New Cost Price (CP₂) = 140 (40% increase).

New Profit = 170 − 140 = 30.

New Profit % = (30 ÷ 140) × 100 = 21.43%.

Difference = 70% − 21.43% = 48.57%.

∴ The correct answer is 48.57%.

Alternate Method

Given: Initial Profit Percentage = 70%, Cost Price increases by 40%, Selling Price remains constant.

⇒ Let the initial Cost Price (CP₁) = 100.

⇒ Initial Profit = 70% of 100 = 70.

⇒ Selling Price (SP) = CP₁ + Profit = 100 + 70 = 170.

⇒ New Cost Price (CP₂) = 100 + (40% of 100) = 140.

⇒ New Profit Amount = SP − CP₂ = 170 − 140 = 30.

⇒ New Profit Percentage = (New Profit ÷ CP₂) × 100

⇒ New Profit Percentage = (30 ÷ 140) × 100 = 300 ÷ 14 = 21.4285...

⇒ Difference in Profit Percentages = 70% − 21.4285% = 48.5714...

∴ The correct answer is 48.57%.

Additional Information

Profit Percentage Formula

Profit % = (Profit ÷ Cost Price) × 100, where Profit = Selling Price − Cost Price.

Effect of Change in CP

If CP increases while SP remains constant, the profit amount decreases, and since the base (CP) also increases, the profit percentage drops significantly.

Loss Percentage

If SP < CP, then Loss % = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100, where Loss = CP − SP.

Given:

Marked price =  Rs. 850.

Selling price =  Rs. 528.87, after giving three successive discounts of 20%, 15% and x% on Marked price.

Concept used:

Marked price is also called List price.

Selling price = Marked Price - Marked Price × Discount%

Final discount percentage after two successive discounts of A% and B% = $(A + B - {AB \over 100})\%$

Calculation:

Resultant discount percentage after first two discounts = 20 + 15 - (20 × 15)/100 = 32%

Price on which x% discount was given = 850 - 850 × 32% = Rs. 578

According to the question,

578 - 578 × x% = 528.87

⇒ 578 × (1 - x/100) = 528.87

⇒ (1 - x/100) = 528.87/578

⇒ (1 - x/100) = 0.915

⇒ x/100 = 1 - 0.915

⇒ x = 0.085 × 100

⇒ x = 8.5

∴ The value of x is 8.5.

The correct answer is: dispersed

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given words: 
• Regretted means to feel sorry that you did something or that you did not do something
• Waved means to move your hand from side to side in the air, usually to attract somebody’s attention or as you meet or leave somebody.
• Assembled means to come together or bring somebody/something together in a group.
• Dispersed means to separate and move apart in different directions without order or regularity; become scattered.
• As per the meaning of the given words. Dispersed is the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.
• Corrected sentence: The protesters dispersed when the police used tear gas.

The correct answer is: Halt

Key Points 

• Persuade means to make someone do or believe something by giving them a good reason to do it.
• Example - It was difficult to persuade Leela to change her mind.
• Marked option Halt means to stop someone from moving or doing something or happening.
• Example - An accident halted the traffic in the town centre for half an hour.
• It is clear that 'Persuade' and 'Halt' are opposite in meaning.
• Therefore the correct answer is option 1.​

Additional Information 

• Lead means to guide someone to a place, especially by going in front.
• Coax means to attempt to influence by gentle persuasion, flattery, etc.
• Sway means to influence somebody.

The erroneous part of the sentence is: run out eggs

Key Points

• We need to add 'of' after "run out" to make the sentence correct.
• We use "of" when we want to show that people or things relate to other things or people.
• "Run out of" means to use all of something and not have any left.
• Example- Many hospitals have run out of oxygen during the covid 19 pandemic.
• The implied meaning of the sentence is: "Could you buy some more eggs for us because we've no stocks left?"

​Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Corrected sentence: We have run out of eggs; could you buy some more?

Hinglish 

​​हमें वाक्य को सही बनाने के लिए "run out" के बाद "of" जोड़ना होगा।

• जब हम दिखाना चाहते हैं कि लोग या चीजें अन्य चीजों या लोगों से संबंधित हैं, तब हम "of" का उपयोग करते हैं।
• "Run out of" का अर्थ होता है कि कुछ से सब कुछ उपयोग करके कुछ बचा नहीं होना।
• For e.g.-  Many hospitals have run out of oxygen during the covid 19 pandemic.

The correct answer is: An obvious issue left unaddressed due to its sensitivity

Key Points

• "Elephant in the room" means that there is an obvious problem or difficult situation that people do not want to talk about.
• Example - We all sat sipping our tea quietly, no one wanting to bring up the elephant in the room about Joel's expulsion from the college.
• So, it is clear that the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom "Elephant in the room" is "An obvious issue left unaddressed due to its sensitivity"
• Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is: dawned on him that

Key Points

• Replace 'dawned to him' with 'dawned on him that' to make the sentence correct.
• Remove 'if' and replace it with 'that' to make the sentence correct.
• Dawned on means to become known or obvious to someone, often suddenly.
• Example- It finally dawned on him that she'd been joking.
• We need to use "That" because it is used to indicate a specific object, item, person, condition, etc.
• The implied meaning of the given sentence is: "He never realised that he may be in danger."

​Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Corrected sentence: It never dawned on him that he could be in danger.

The correct answer is: Easily and without doubt

Key Points

• "Hands down" describes something that is easy and unquestionably true.
• Example - The last time we played tennis he beat me hands down.
• So, it is clear that the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom "Hands down" is "Easily and without doubt"
• Hence, the correct answer is option 2.