SSC GD Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 25th November 2021 Shift 2)

The logic followed here is :-

Suva is the capital of 'Fiji'.

Similarly,

Helsinki is the capital of 'Finland'.

Hence the correct answer is "Finland".

Important Points

The correct mirror image of the given combination when the mirror is placed at the right side is as shown below :

• The line PQ is the mirror.
• The word "BYumgd" ends with 'd'. So the mirror image will start with "

" ⇒ Option 3 is eliminated.

• The word "BYumgd" has last second letter 'g'. So the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 2 is eliminated.

• The word "BYumgd" has first second letter 'Y'. So the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 1 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is :-

1) (13, 39, 65)

2) (19, 57, 95)

3) (23, 69, 105)

From the logic the third number should be 115 instead of 105.

4) (17, 51, 85)

∴ Here, '(23, 69, 105)' is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "(23, 69, 105)".

The logic followed here is :-

Sum of alphabet positional value × Number of letters in a word

'FRY' is coded as '147'

Number of letters of word FRY = 3

= (6 + 18 + 25) × 3

= 49 × 3

= 147

and

'CROP' is coded as '208'

Number of letters of word CROP = 4

= (3 + 18 + 15 + 16) × 4

= 52 × 4

= 208

Similarly,

'MUSIC' will be coded as :

Number of letters of word MUSIC = 5

= (13 + 21 + 19 + 9 + 3) × 5

= 65 × 5

= 325

Hence, the correct answer is "325".

Given :- r _ x l _ q _ _ x _ p q _ e _ l p _

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1) e, p, r, e, l, r, x, q → r e x l p q - r e x l p q - r e x l p q

Here "r e x l p q" is repeated.

2) p, e, r, p, l, r, x, q → r p x l e q - r p x l p q - r e x l p q

3) e, x, q, r, p, l, x, p → r e x l x q - q r x p p q - l e x l p p

4) p, e, q, l, x, p, r, q → r p x l e q - q l x x p q - p e r l p q

Option (1) gives a pattern of : r e x l p q - r e x l p q - r e x l p q.

Hence, the correct answer is "e, p, r, e, l, r, x, q".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "459".

The logic followed here is :-

1) TXBFK

2) YDINS

3) BGLQV

4) PUZEJ

∴ Here, 'TXBFK' is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "TXBFK".

The logic followed here is :-

'SHIMLA' is written as 'TJLQQG'.

and

'RANCHI' is written as 'SCQGMO'.

Similarly,

'MUMBAI' will be written as :

Hence, the correct answer is "NWPFFO".

Six friends A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting in a straight horizontal line facing the north.

1) Four persons are sitting between E and C.

Case (i) :

Case (ii) :

2) A is to the immediate right of E.

3) D is sitting between A and F.

Sitting positions of all six friends is :

 

∴ Here, 'B' is sitting immediate right of F.

Hence, the correct answer is "B".

The logic followed here is :-

First number³ - 1 = Second number

7 : 342 → 7³ - 1 = 343 - 1 = 342

Similarly,

9 : ? → 9³ - 1 = 729 - 1 = 728

Hence, the correct answer is "728".

After unfolding the given paper the image formed is as shown below :-

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The option figure that is embedded in the given figure is as shown below :-

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2 ".

By using BODMAS RULE :

Given :-

 

Given expression is : 9 - 9 ÷ 72 × 4 + 6 

After interchanging the given symbols the expression formed is : 

= 9 × 9 + 72 ÷ 4 - 6

= 9 × 9 + 18 - 6

= 81 + 18 - 6

= 99 - 6

= 93

Hence, the correct answer is "93".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :-

Conclusions:

I. Some students are males → True (As All leaders are males and Some students are leaders so, Some students are also males)

II. All leaders are students → False (As All leaders are males and Some students are leaders so, All leaders are students is definitely False)

∴ Here, Only Conclusion I is true from given statements and Venn diagram.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follows".

The least possible Venn diagram for given statements is as shown below :

 

∴ Here, '10' female teachers are also social servants from given Venn diagram.

Hence, the correct answer is "10".

Shortcut TrickGiven: 

The present ages of a father and his son = 58 years 

Four years ago, the ratio of their ages = 4 : 1.

Calculation:

Let the present age of a father be (4x + 4) and the present age of a son be (x + 4)

According to the question,

The present age of a father and his son = 58 years 

⇒ (4x + 4) + (x + 4) = 58

⇒ 5x + 8 = 58

⇒ 5x = 50

⇒ x = 10

The present age of a father = (4x + 4) = 44 years

∴ The present age of a father is 44 years.

Alternate Method The logic followed here is :-

Sum of present ages of father and son = 58 years

Father + Son = 58 years  .............. (i)

The ratio of ages 4 years ago is = 4 : 1

⇒ (Father - 4) / (Son - 4) = 4 / 1

⇒ Father - 4 = 4 × (Son - 4)

⇒ Father - 4 = 4Son - 16

⇒ Father = 4Son - 16 + 4

⇒ Father = 4Son - 12  ........... (ii)

By substituting equation (ii) in equation (i) we get,

⇒ 4Son - 12 + Son = 58

⇒ 5Son - 12 = 58

⇒ 5Son = 70

⇒ Son = 14

∴ Age of son = 14 years

∴ Age of Father = 58 - 14 = 44 years.

Hence, the correct answer is "44 years ".

Opposite surface of the open dice can be found by the below method:-

• Alternate surfaces are opposite to each other.
• No two opposite surface are touched by side or by corners

So, by using the above rule we can find the opposite surface of open dice.

In the given figure, Opposite faces are :

 

• Note :- Two opposite face are never seen together or adjacent to each other.

Given :

In figure (A) : None of the opposite faces are seen together nor they are adjacent to each other so, This cube can be formed.

In figure (B) : None of the opposite faces are seen together nor they are adjacent to each other so, This cube can be formed.

In figure (C) : None of the opposite faces are seen together nor they are adjacent to each other so, This cube can be formed.

In figure (D) : None of the opposite faces are seen together nor they are adjacent to each other, but here R should be the left side of U for forming the cube. So, this cube can't be formed.

∴ Here, All figures A, B and C cubes can be formed.

Hence, the correct answer is "A, B and C".

Mistake Points 

 - U can not be placed at the right side of S in a cube, so Cube D can not be made from the given open dice.

 - This cube can't be made, because R is placed at the left of U,

it should be R placed to be right of U for framing a cube

.

The logic followed here is :-

• Consonants are increased by +1.
• Vowels remains same.

LARGE : MASHE

Similarly,

WATER : ?

• Consonants are increased by +1.
• Vowels remains same.

Hence, the correct answer is "XAUES".

The logic followed here is :-

CHEAP is written as QBFID.

Similarly,

QUOTE will be written as :

Hence, the correct answer is "FUPVR".

The logic followed here is :-

Summation of prime numbers from number to number.

Hence, the correct answer is "109".

Additional Information 

Prime Numbers: The numbers which have only two factors one and the number itself.

Example: 2, 3, 5, 7 etc.

Eight friends, Arvind, Priya, Kunal, Kajal, Ashish, Mahak, Shubham and Riddhi are sitting around an octagonal table, facing the centre.

2) Arvind is third to the right of Ashish.

3) Kajal is between Priya and Arvind.

Case (i) :

Case (ii) :

4) Kunal is between Mahak and Ashish.

Case (i) :

Case (ii) :

5) Shubham is to the immediate left of Riddhi.

Case (i) :

Case (ii) :

From case (ii) of step 5 the seating position between Riddhi and Priya is obtained.

∴ Here, 'Shubham' is sitting between Riddhi and Priya.

Hence, the correct answer is "Shubham".

The figure from among the given options that can replace the question mark (?) in the following series is as shown below :

• Semi-circle is rotated 45⁰ clockwise and interchange position with slant line from figure to figure.
• In figure 1 and figure 3 one slant line is present on left side.
• In figure 2 and figure 4 two slant lines are present on right side.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Family chart :

Family tree :

1) N has two children S and P.

2) N's wife J is the only sister of M's mother.

3) R is M's maternal grandfather.

∴ Here, R is father-in-law of N

Hence, the correct answer is "Father-in-law".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "YCD".

The logical and meaningful sequence of the given words is as shown below :-

The process of germination of fruit from seed is as shown :

v). Seed is sown in soil.

ii). After few days seed develop as sprout.

iv). Sprout transforms to plant.

i). Plant blossom with flowers.

iii). Flower then coverts into fruit.

• v. seed
• ii. sprout
• iv. plant
• i. flower
• iii. fruit

Hence, the correct answer is "v, ii, iv, i, iii".

The correct answer is Ashutosh Rana.

Key Points

• Ashutosh Rana is the author of the book 'Maun Muskaan Ki Maar'.
• Ashutosh RamNarayan Neekhra, known professionally as Ashutosh Rana.
• He is an Indian actor, producer, author and television personality.
• He has worked in Marathi, Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, and Hindi films.

Additional Information

• Jugal Hansraj is an Indian actor, author and filmmaker.
• Uday Raj Chopra is an Indian actor, film producer, screenwriter and assistant director in Bollywood.
• Ronit Bose Roy is an Indian actor, known for his works primarily in Hindi television and films.

The correct answer is Tajinderpal Singh Toor.

Key Points

• Tajinderpal Singh Toor is a shot put player from India.
• He holds the outdoor Asian and national record of 21.49m.
• He won Arjuna Award for Athletics.

Additional Information

• Vikas Thakur is an Indian weightlifter from Hamirpur who won silver in the men's 85 kg weight class at the 2014 Commonwealth Games at Glasgow, Scotland.
• Deepak Lather is an Indian weightlifter who won the bronze medal in the men's 69 kg weight class at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia.
• Jeremy Lalrinnunga is an Indian weightlifter from Aizawl, Mizoram.
• He represented India in the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires.
• He won the gold medal in the Boys' 62 kg category weightlifting with a lift of 274 kg.

The correct answer is Thursday.

Key Points

• World Philosophy Day is observed on the third Thursday of November every year.
• For 2021, it was observed on 18 November.
• The day promotes an academic exchange of philosophy for the development of human thought.
• World Philosophy Day was initially established by UNESCO on 21 November 2002.
• Theme for World Philosophy Day 2024 - Wellbeing in Urban Living.
• In 2005, the UNESCO General Conference declared the annual celebration of this event.

Additional Information 

• ​World Philosophy Day will celebrate "different interactions of human beings in their social, cultural, geographical and political environment this year."
• ​Philosophy stems from Philosophia, a Greek word that actually means the ‘love of wisdom'.
• The study of reality and existence, along with the nature of human thought, is necessary as it constitutes the essence of life.
• The discipline of philosophy also fosters global interactions, dialogue and has the ability to bring significant changes in society.

The correct answer is 22.

Key Points

• According to Section 22 of the RBI Act, 1934 the Reserve bank of India has sole right to issue currency or print currency in India.
• Section 25 of the RBI Act, 1934 provides that the design, form, and material of bank notes shall be such as may be approved by the Central Government after consideration of the recommendations made by the Central Board of RBI.
• Section 24 of the RBI Act 1934 states that the maximum denomination of note printed in India is Rs.10000.
• Section 26 of the RBI Act 1934 states the legal tender character of Indian banknotes.

Additional Information

• RBI was established on April 1, 1935, under the Reserve Bank of India Act,1934.
• Current Governor of RBI is Shri Shaktikanta Das(25th).
• Sir Osborne Smith was the first governor of RBI and C.D Deshmukh was the first Indian governor of RBI.
• It operates the currency and credit system of the country.
• It is called the Bankers Bank of India.
• It formulates, implements, and monitors the monetary policy.

The correct answer is 6.

Key Points

• Bicameral structure means having both a Lower and Upper house, which mimics the structure of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha as- 
• Legislative Assembly/Vidhan Sabha.
• Legislative Council/Vidhan Parishad.
• Currently, 6 states in India have a bicameral structure, which are
• Andhra Pradesh,
• Uttar Pradesh,
• Bihar,
• Maharashtra,
• Karnataka and
• Telangana
• The remaining 22 states have a unicameral structure, which means they have only the Legislative Assembly and not the Legislative Council.

Additional Information

• State legislature:
• A state legislature is a legislative branch or body of a political subdivision in a federal system. For every state, there is a legislature, which consists of the Governor and one house or two houses.
• Articles 168 to 177: 
• "Deals with Constitution of Legislatures in States"- Article 168.
• "Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States"- Article 169.
• "Composition of the Legislative Assemblies"- Article 170.
• "To become a member of the state legislature"- Article 173.

The correct answer is 39.

Key Points

• The government of India revised the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) in September 2021 by adding 39 drugs and deleting some.
• The government has released 384 medicines under the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM).
• Health minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya released the updated version of NLEM 2022 at an event in New Delhi, on September 13.
• The NLEM 2022 contains 384 medicines as compared to 376 in NLEM, 2015.
• The medicines have now been categorized into 27 therapeutic categories. A new section has been added for medicines considered essential for the supportive management of COVID-19.

Additional Information

• The NLEM is a dynamic document and is revised on a regular basis considering the changing public health priorities as well as advancements in pharmaceutical knowledge.
• The National List of Essential Medicines was first formulated in 1996 and it has been revised thrice in 2003, 2011, and 2015.
• The NLEM, revised every three years, was last updated in 2015 and a revision was delayed due to Covid-19.
• The NLEM committee headed by Balram Bhargava, director general of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), drafted a new NLEM.

The correct answer is Phenology.

Key Points

• The study of the timing of biological events in plants and animals, such as flowering, leaf production, dormancy, reproduction and migration, etc., is called Phenology.
• It is the science dealing with the time of appearance of characteristic periodic events such as leaf shedding, fruit ripening etc in the life cycle of organisms.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Mehr-un-Nissa.

Key Points

• The original name of Nur Jahan is Mehr-un-Nissa.
• Jahangir was married to Mehr-un-Nissa.
• Jahangir’s real name was Mirza Nur-ud-din Beig Mohammad Khan Salim.
• He got married to Nur Jahan (real name- Mehr-un-Nissa) in 1611.

Additional Information

• Jhangir is the son of Akbar and he built Shalimar Bagh for his wife Noor Jahan in 1619.
• The origin of the Mughal style was a result of the synthesis of the original Indian Style of painting and the Safavid school of Persian painting.
• Mughal paintings were a unique blend of Indian, Persian, and Islamic styles.
• Jahangir's wife 'Nur Jahan' was related to Chikankari.
• Chikankari art is the traditional process of hand embroidery
• Abul Hassan, Mansur, Bishan Das, Goverdhan, Daulat, Bhim, and others were famous painters in the court of Jahangir.

The correct answer is West Bengal.

Key Points

• West Bengal stands at the first position with over 50% of total raw jute production in the country.
• The jute crop is grown in seven states - West Bengal, Assam, Orissa, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Tripura and Meghalaya.
• In Bihar-Katihar, Samastipur, Champaran, Darbhanga, Saharsa and Purnia are major jute producing areas.
• Purnia is the largest jute producing district of Bihar.

Additional Information 

• Recently the Government has mandated the packaging of 100% of foodgrain and 20% of sugar in jute bags.
• Jute crop requires a humid climate with temperature fluctuating between 24 degree Celsius and 38 degree Celsius.
• Jute production is referred to as Golden fibre revolution in India.
• National Jute Board, Ministry of Textiles, acts as the apex body for the promotion of the products in India and abroad.

The correct answer is Pneumosil.

Key Points

• Pneumosil, India's first Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV), developed by Serum Institute of India in collaboration with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
• Pneumosil was found to be safe and effective in preventing Pneumonia disease during the clinical trials.
• The vaccine has been licensed by the Drugs Controller General in July 2020.

Additional Information

• Varicella (chickenpox) is an acute infectious disease. It is caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
• Cholera is an extremely virulent disease that can cause severe acute watery diarrhoea.
• Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis.

The correct answer is Chordophone.

Key Points

• 'Dhenka' is a popular Chordophone musical instrument from the state of Odisha.
• The instrument Dhenka is alone responsible for the composition of a number of poems by Kavisurya Baladeva Ratha through its novel melodious tunings.
• Music is the heart and soul of Odishan's life.
• The stringed musical instruments like Veena, Kendra, Sarangi, Ektara, Behela, Dhenka are well-known and in vogue throughout the State.

Additional Information

• Instruments were categorised into four groups in Bharat Muni's Natya Shastra (written between 200 BC and 200 AD):
• Avanaddha Vadya (membranophones or percussion instruments),
• Ghan Vadya (idiophones or solid instruments),
• Sushir Vadya (aerophones or wind instruments), and
• Tat Vadya (solid instruments) (chordophones or stringed instruments).

The correct answer is Chaiti.

Important Points

• Chaiti art form is performed by men, in which their body is stained with 'Ramras' and they dance with 'Kartal' while singing ordinarily wearing yellow clothes.
• Chaiti is sung in the month of Chait that falls in March/April as per the Hindu calendar.
• This is certainly a season-specific song.
• This season has great importance in the largely agrarian society of Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar for this is the season of harvest.
• And what is typical to all the festivals, song and dance are a must.
• The Hindu festival of colour called Holi falls in this season only and that is why many of the Chaiti songs have references to Holi.

The correct answer is Kochi FC.

Key Points

• The 2020–21 Indian Super League season was the seventh season of the Indian Super League (ISL) since its formation and the 25th season of the top division of the Indian football league system.
• The season started on 20 November 2020 and ended on 13 March 2021.
• It was hosted behind closed doors across three venues in Goa due to the COVID-19 pandemic in India.
• Team Participants:
• ATK Mohun Bagan
• Bengaluru
• Chennaiyin
• East Bengal
• Goa
• Hyderabad
• Jamshedpur
• Kerala Blasters
• Mumbai City
• NorthEast United
• Odisha
• Hence Kochi FC is not a participant at the 2020-21 Hero Indian Super League

The correct answer is Mirza Waheed.

Key Points

• Mirza Waheed was the winner of 'The Hindu Prize 2019' in the category of Fiction.
• He is a novelist from Kashmir.
• His notable novels include:
• The Collaborator,
• The Book of Gold Leaves, and
• Tell her everything.

Additional Information 

• Hindu Prize
• It was instituted in 2010 to honour writers who have spent their lifetime mining the human spirit through their words and ideas.
• It is awarded at a ceremony during The Hindu's annual literature festival Lit for Life.
• In 2019, it has been awarded to Santanu Das for India Empire and First World War Culture( Non-fiction) and Mirza Waheed's Tell Her Everything( Fiction).
• In 2020, it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The correct answer is mass.

Key Points

• Inertia can be measured by its mass.
• Mass is a measure of the inertia of the object, for an object, its inertia would depend on its mass.
• Inertia is the property of an object by virtue of which it opposes any event that attempts to put the object in motion or to change its velocity.
• Therefore, an object at rest would want to continue staying at rest and an object in motion would have a tendency to continue its motion.
• The greater the mass of the object will be the tendency to resist the events.
• Hence, mass is a measure of the inertia of the object.
• Newton's first law of motion:
• It states that "An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force." Objects tend to "keep on doing what they're doing." In fact, it is the natural tendency of objects to resist changes in their state of motion. This tendency to resist changes in their state of motion is described as inertia.

Additional Information

• Force:
• The interaction that after applying to a body changes or try to change the state of motion or state of rest is called force.
• Force is denoted by F and the SI unit is Newton (N).
• Force (F) = Mass (m) x acceleration (a).

The correct answer is ​Pramod Bhagat.

Key Points

• World No. 1 para shuttler Pramod Bhagat has been named Differently Abled Sportsman of the Year at Indian Sports Honours for 2019.
• Bhagat won two gold medals and a bronze at the Dubai Para-Badminton Tournament 2021.
• He will be participating in singles and mixed doubles events at the Paralympics which opens in Tokyo from August 24, 2021.

Additional Information

• Vivek Chikara is an Indian paralympic archer. He made his debut in 2020 Summer Paralympics and bagged 10th position in male individual recurve archery category.
• Amit Kumar Saroha is a Paralympian, Asian Para Games medalist and an Arjuna Awardee, competing in the F51 category in Discus throw and Club throw.

The correct answer is Lord Northbrook.

Key Points

• Lord Northbrook was the viceroy of India when Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati.
• Lord Northbrook was appointed as viceroy of India from 1872 to 1876.
• "Arya Samaj":
• This reform was one of the best movements for modern Hinduism.
• It was founded by Dayananda Saraswati in 1875 AD.
• Whose main purpose of "Re-establishing the Vedas".
• Dayananda Saraswati gave the slogan "Back to Vedas".
• Dayananda Saraswati criticized evil practices like idolatry, caste system, untouchability, etc.

Additional Information

• Lord Curzon:
• He was appointed as the Viceroy of India in the year 1899 and his Viceroyship ended in the year 1905.
• He became the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1919.
• MacDonnell Commission was appointed by Lord Curzon in 1901 and it submitted its report in the same year.
• Lord Curzon set up a Police Commission under Sir Andrew Frazer in 1902-03.
• Lord Lansdowne (1888-1893):
• During the term of Lord Lansdowne (1888-1893), Indian Council Act was passed in 1892.
• The significance of the Indian Council Act is to enlarge the Membership of central legislative councils.
• It transformed the viceroy's Executive Council into a miniature cabinet on the portfolio system.
• Lord Dalhousie:
• From 1848 to 1856, he was the Governor-General of India.
• His main intention was the expansion of British rule in India.
• The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by him in India and he annexed eight states during his period.
• The Second Anglo Sikh was fought during his period and the whole of Punjab was brought under the British empire by him.

The correct answer is National Statistical Office.

Key Points

• National Statistical Office has released the Provisional Estimates of National Income for the financial year 2019-20, both - at Constant Prices (2011-12) and Current Prices.
• The National Statistical Commission:
• It was established on the basis of the recommendations of the Rangarajan Commission.
• The Government of India through a resolution dated 1st June 2005 set up the National Statistical Commission (NSC).
• The setting up of the NSC followed the decision of the Cabinet to accept the recommendations of the Rangarajan Commission, which reviewed the Indian Statistical System in 2001.
• The NSC was constituted with effect from 12th July 2006 with a mandate to evolve policies, priorities, and standards in statistical matters.
• The NSC has four Members besides a Chairperson, each having specialization and experience in specified statistical fields.
• The Commission has a part-time Chairperson, four part-time Members, and an ex- Officio Member.
• The Chief Statistician of India, the post created specifically as the Head of the National Statistical Office is the Secretary of the Commission.
• He is also the Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
• Prof. Bimal Kumar Roy is the current Chairman (of NSC).
• Smt. Vandana Marwah - Deputy Director General (NSC).
• Shri Shrikant Kale - Director (NSC).

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points 

• Sri Narayana Guru movement emerged in Kerala and was born out of the conflict between the depressed classes and the upper castes.
• It was started by Sri Narayana Guru (1854-1928) spearheading a social movement of the Ezhavas of Kerala, a community of toddy tappers.
• The Ezhavas were the single largest group in Kerala constituting 26% of the population.
• A great scholar in Malayalam, Tamil, and Sanskrit, Sri Narayana Guru established the Sri Narayana Guru Dharma Paripalana (SNDP) Yogam in 1902.

Additional Information

• The SNDP Yogam took up several issues such as
• (i) right of admission to public schools.
• (ii) recruitment to government services.
• (iii) access to roads and entry to temples; and
• (iv) political representation.

The correct answer is Chandil.

Key Points

• In the Jharkhand state Chandil, the hydropower scheme is on the Subarnarekha river in the Seraikela Kharsawan district.
• The project is a tripartite initiative among the three eastern states, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odhisa.
• The main dam of the project is located at Chandil and another reservoir is located at Icha and two more barrages are located at Gauldih and Kharkiv.
• The main aim of the project is not only irrigation but also electricity generation for Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odhisa.
• A loan of Rs 118 Crores for the construction of the project was sanctioned by the National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD).
• Initially, the World Bank from the USA (United States of America) sanctioned $127 Million but the funding was later withdrawn following the protest by the locals.

Additional Information

• The Capital of Jharkhand is Ranchi which is also known as the city of waterfalls.
• The current Chief Minister of Jharkhand is Hemant Soren and the current Governor is Mr. Ramesh Bais. (August 2022).
• Chhau is the classical dance of Jharkhand.
• The state is rich in mineral resources such as graphite, iron ore, limestone, coal, mica, etc and it accounts for 40% of the total mineral resources of India.
• The first planned industrial city in India is Jamshedpur in Jharkhand the city is the industrial capital of India and is known as the "Pittsburg of India".
• Dhanbad in Jharkhand is the coal capital of India.
• India's largest flag which is 493 feet high is in Ranchi and it is the tallest flagpole in India.

The correct answer is Dharavi.

Key Points 

• Dharavi is a locality in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, considered to be one of Asia's largest slums.
• Dharavi has an area of just over 2.1 square kilometres and a population of about 1,000,000.
• With a population density of over 277,136/km2, Dharavi is one of the most densely populated areas in the world.
• The Dharavi slum was founded in 1884 during the British colonial era.
• It grew because of the expulsion of factories and residents from the peninsular city centre by the colonial government and from the migration of rural Indians into urban Mumbai.
• For this reason, Dharavi is currently a highly diverse settlement religiously and ethnically.

Additional Information

• Dharavi has an active informal economy in which numerous household enterprises employ many of the slum residents as leather, textiles, and pottery products are among the goods made inside Dharavi.
• Dharavi has suffered from many epidemics and other disasters, including a widespread plague in 1896 which killed over half of the population of Mumbai.
• Sanitation in the slums remains poor.

The correct answer is The test involves a question answer session with the accused.

Key Points

• Brain fingerprinting is an objective, scientific method to detect concealed information stored in the brain by measuring electroencephalographic (EEG) brain responses, or brainwaves, non-invasively by sensors placed on the scalp.
• Brain fingerprinting is also known as Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature Profiling (BEOSP).
• Information or material discovered during the tests can be made part of the evidence.
• Brain fingerprinting (BF) detects concealed information stored in the brain by measuring brainwaves.

Additional Information

• DNA fingerprinting is a technique to find out variations in individuals of a population at the DNA level.
• It works on the principle of polymorphism in DNA sequences.
• Polymorphisms are inheritable from parents to children, DNA fingerprinting is the basis of paternity testing, in case of disputes.

The correct answer is Assaulting or using criminal force on a woman with a view to outraging her modesty.

Key Points

• The main issue of Section 354 of the Penal Code highlights the Penalty for sexual harassment and breach of a woman's dignity.
• Section 354 of the Indian Penal Code:
• It states that whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any woman, intending to outrage or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby outrage her modesty, shall be punished with impris­onment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.

Important Points

• Section 354-A of the Indian Penal Code analyzes Punishment for Sexual Harassment.
• Section 354-A, Indian Penal Code:
• It deals with sexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment.
• Sexual harassment includes:
• making sexually coloured remarks,
• showing pornography against the will of a woman; or
• a demand or request for sexual favours.
• physical contact and advances involving unwelcome and explicit sexual overtures.

Additional Information

• Section 326 A in the Indian Penal Code lays down the punishment for acid attacks.
• Punishments for Child Marriage are laid in various laws like the Child Marriage (Restraint) Act, 1929 and Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006.
• Section 293 of the Indian Penal Code criminalizes the sale, distribution, exhibition, circulation, etc. of any obscene material to any person below the age of twenty years.

The correct answer is Fiscal Policy.

Key Points

• Fiscal Policy is the use of government expenditure and tax policies to influence economic conditions.
• Fiscal policy:
• It refers to the use of government spending and tax policies to influence economic conditions, especially macroeconomic conditions, including aggregate demand for goods and services, employment, inflation, and economic growth.
• In India, fiscal policy is formulated by the Ministry of Finance through its budget proposals.
• Fiscal policy is the means by which the government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence the nation's economy.
• Finance Commission gives recommendations about the allocation of financial resources between centers and states.
• The objective of fiscal policy is to maintain the condition of full employment, and economic stability and to stabilize the rate of growth.
• The main purpose of fiscal policy is to accelerate the rate of capital formation and investment.
• There are two types of fiscal policy: Contractionary fiscal policy and expansionary fiscal policy.
• Contractionary fiscal policy: It is when the government taxes more than it spends.
• Expansionary fiscal policy: It is when the government spends more than it taxes.

Additional Information

• A Monetary Policy Framework Agreement:
• It was signed by the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India on February 20, 2015.
• The aim of the framework is to primarily maintain price stability while improving the pace of economic growth.
• As per the agreement, RBI has to set the policy interest rates and would aim to bring inflation below 6 percent by January 2016 and below 4 percent with a band of (+/-) 2 percent for 2016-17 and all subsequent years.
• The expansionary policy:
• It aims to stimulate the economy by boosting demand through monetary and fiscal stimulus.
• Expansionary policy is intended to prevent or moderate economic downturns and recessions.
• The Expansionary fiscal policy involves reducing taxes or increasing government spending to increase aggregate demand and production output.
• Contractionary policy:
• Contractionary policy is a monetary measure referring either to a reduction in government spending or a reduction in the rate of monetary expansion by a central bank.
• Contractionary policy is the opposite of expansionary policy.
• It is undertaken to combat rising inflation or other economic distortions created by central banks or government interventions.

The correct answer is Horticulture.

Key Points

• Horticulture is the branch of agriculture called that deals with garden crops - generally fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants.
• Horticulture may be defined as the Science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, and flowers, and crops like spices condiments, and other plantation crops.
• It is a science of cultivation of Garden plants.
• The word Horticulture is derived from the Latin word Hortus meaning garden, and cultura, meaning cultivation.

Additional Information

• Floriculture:
• It may be defined as the branch of horticulture that deals with the culture and management of flowers and ornamental plants.
• It has been derived from two words 'flor' means flower and 'cultura' means cultivation.
• Floriculture includes the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for direct sale or for use as raw materials in the cosmetic and perfume industry and in the pharmaceutical sector.
• Sericulture:
• It is the process of cultivating silkworms and extracting silk from them.
• The caterpillars of the domestic silkmoth (also called 'Bombyx Mori) are the most commonly used silkworm species in sericulture.
• Other types of silkworms (such as Eri, Muga, and Tasar) are also cultivated for the  production of 'wild silks'.
• Permaculture:
• It is an innovative framework for creating sustainable ways of living.
• It is a practical method in which ecologically harmonious, efficient and productive systems that can be used by anyone are produced.
• It focuses on getting much more out of life by using less.
• By this method we can be more productive for less effort, which is also beneficial for our environment and ourselves.
• Also its is a method of cooperating with nature and caring for the earth and
  

its people.

• Permaculture encourages us to be resourceful and self-reliant.

Given:

Two positive numbers A and B (A > B) are in the ratio 11 : 8.

The difference between 7 times of A and 4 of times B is 225.

Calculation:

Let A and B be 11k and 8k respectively.

According to the question,

7 × 11k - 4 × 8k = 225

⇒ 77k - 32k = 225

⇒ 45k = 225

⇒ k = 5

Now, 2A + 3B

⇒ 2 × 11 × 5 + 3 × 8 × 5

⇒ 230

∴ The value of 2A + 3B is 230.

Given:

Cost price = ₹210

Gain = 16%

Discount = 16%

Concept used:

Marked Price = Cost Price + Cost Price × Rise%

Selling Price = Cost Price + Cost Price × Gain%

Calculation:

Selling price of the article = 210 + 210 × 16%

⇒ ₹243.6

Let the marked price of the article be M.

According to the question,

M - M × 16% = 243.6

⇒ 0.84M = 243.6

⇒ M = 243.6/0.84

⇒ M = 290

∴ The shopkeeper should mark the article at ₹290.

Shortcut Trick

CP/MP = (100 - D%)/(100 + P%)

⇒ 210/MP = (100 - 16)/(100 + 16)

⇒ 210/MP = 84/116

⇒ MP = 210 × 116/84

⇒ MP = 290

Hence, the correct answer is Rs. 290.

Given:

A car takes 4 hours to cover a distance if it travels at a speed of 60 km/h. 

Concept used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

Covered distance = 4 × 60 = 240 km

Now, to complete 240 km in 1.5 hours, the speed = 240/1.5

⇒ 160 km/h

∴ Its speed to cover the same distance in 1.5 hours should be 160 km/h.

Given:

The sum of the radius of the base and height of a solid cylinder is 17 cm.

The total surface area of the solid cylinder is 748 cm2.

Concept used:

Total surface area of a cylinder = 2πr(r + h)

where r = Radius of the base, h = height

π = 22/7

Calculation:

Let the radius of the base and height be R and H respectively.

Total surface area = 2πR(R + H)

According to the question,

⇒ R + H = 17      ....(1)

⇒ 2πR(R + H) = 748

⇒ 2πR × 17 = 748 (From 1)

⇒ πR = 748/34

⇒ 22R/7 = 22

⇒ R = 7

Putting R = 7 in (1),

⇒ 7 + H = 17

⇒ H = 17 - 7

⇒ H = 10

∴ The height of the cylinder is 10 cm.

Given:

A's monthly salary is 20% more than B's monthly salary.

C's monthly salary is ₹25,000 more than B's monthly salary.

Their total monthly salary is ₹2,65,000. 

Calculation:

Let B's monthly salary be Q.

A's monthly salary = Q + Q × 20%

⇒ 1.2Q

C's monthly salary = (Q + 25000)

According to the question,

1.2Q + Q + (Q + 25000) = 2,65,000

⇒ 3.2Q = 265000 - 25000

⇒ 3.2Q = 240000

⇒ Q = 240000/3.2

⇒ Q = 75000

A's salary = 1.2 × 75000

= ₹90000

C's salary = 75000 + 25000

⇒ ₹100000

Now, % more = ${{100000 - 90000} \over 90000} \times 100\%$

⇒ $11 \frac{1}{9} \%$

∴ The salary of C is $11 \frac{1}{9} \%$ more than that of A's salary.

Given:

A train X of length 345 m running at 50 km/h crosses another train Y running at 76 km/h in the opposite direction in 22 seconds.

Concept used:

Relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds while two bodies are coming from the opposite direction.

While a train crosses a bridge, it crosses the sum of its length and the length of the bridge.

When a train completely crosses another train, it basically crosses the sum of the lengths of the two trains.

Time × Speed = Distance

1m/s = 18/5 km/h

Calculation:

50 km/h = 50 ÷ 18/5 = 125/9 m/s

76 km/h = 76 ÷ 18/5 = 190/9 m/s

Relative speed = 125/9 + 190/9

⇒ 35 m/s

According to the concept,

The sum of lengths of Train X and Y = 22 × 35

⇒ 770 m

Length of the train Y = 770 - 345

⇒ 425 m

Now, time taken by Train Y to cross a bridge length of 905 m = (425 + 905) ÷ 190/9

⇒ 63 seconds

∴ Train Y will cross a bridge of length 905 m in 63 seconds.

Shortcut Trick

Net deviation when 15 persons (60 kg) leave = 15 × (70 − 60) = +150 kg (distributed among remaining n − 15 persons).

Net deviation when 15 persons (87.5 kg) join = 15 × (87.5 − 70) = +262.5 kg (distributed among total n + 15 persons).

Since new averages are equal, deviations added to the base average must be equal: 150 ÷ (n − 15) = 262.5 ÷ (n + 15).

⇒ (n + 15) ÷ (n − 15) = 262.5 ÷ 150 = 7 ÷ 4

⇒ 4n + 60 = 7n − 105 ⇒ 3n = 165 ⇒ n = 55.

∴ The correct answer is 55.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial average of n persons = 70 kg

Case 1: 15 persons leave (Avg = 60 kg)

Case 2: 15 persons join (Avg = 87.5 kg)

Formula Used:

Total Weight = Average × Number of persons

New Average = (Initial Total Weight ± Weight Change) ÷ (Initial Number ± Change in Number)

Calculations:

⇒ Case 1 Average = (70n − 15 × 60) ÷ (n − 15)

⇒ Case 1 Average = (70n − 900) ÷ (n − 15)

⇒ Case 2 Average = (70n + 15 × 87.5) ÷ (n + 15)

⇒ Case 2 Average = (70n + 1312.5) ÷ (n + 15)

Equating both cases:

⇒ (70n − 900) ÷ (n − 15) = (70n + 1312.5) ÷ (n + 15)

⇒ (70n − 900)(n + 15) = (70n + 1312.5)(n − 15)

⇒ 70n² + 1050n − 900n − 13500 = 70n² − 1050n + 1312.5n − 19687.5

⇒ 150n − 13500 = 262.5n − 19687.5

⇒ 262.5n − 150n = 19687.5 − 13500

⇒ 112.5n = 6187.5

⇒ n = 6187.5 ÷ 112.5 = 55

∴ The correct answer is 55.

Additional Information

Average and Deviation

Net deviation from the average is always zero. If new members join, the new average = Old Avg + (Total Deviation ÷ New Total Number).

Weighted Average

When two groups are combined, the combined average is A_avg = (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Case of Leaving Persons

If members leave with weight less than the average, the average of the remaining group increases.

Given:

$\frac{0.2 \div \frac{1}{2} \text { of } \frac{2}{3}-1 \times 2 \div 2}{0.2 \times 2 \div \frac{1}{2} \text { of } \frac{2}{3}-2 \text { of } \frac{1}{2} \div \frac{1}{4}}$

Concept used:

Calculation:

$\frac{0.2 \div \frac{1}{2} \text { of } \frac{2}{3}-1 \times 2 \div 2}{0.2 \times 2 \div \frac{1}{2} \text { of } \frac{2}{3}-2 \text { of } \frac{1}{2} \div \frac{1}{4}}$

⇒ $\frac{0.2 \div \frac{1}{3} -1 \times 2 \div 2}{0.2 \times 2 \div \frac{1}{3} - 1 \div \frac{1}{4}}$

⇒ $\frac{0.2 \times \frac{3}{1} -1 \times 2 \div 2}{0.2 \times 2 \times \frac{3}{1} - 1 \times \frac{4}{1}}$

⇒ $\frac{0.2 \times \frac{3}{1} -1 \times 1}{0.2 \times 2 \times \frac{3}{1} - 1 \times \frac{4}{1}}$

⇒ $\frac{0.6 -1 \times 1}{1.2 - 4}$

⇒ $\frac{-0.4}{-2.8}$

⇒ $\frac{1}{7}$

∴ The simplified answer is $\frac{1}{7}$.

Shortcut Trick

Present average age of husband and wife = 25 + 7 = 32 years.

Total age of husband and wife = 32 × 2 = 64 years.

Total family age including the 2-year old child = 64 + 2 = 66 years.

Present average of the family (3 members) = 66 ÷ 3 = 22 years.

∴ The correct answer is 22 years.

Alternate Method

Given: Average age of husband and wife 7 years ago = 25 years; Present age of child = 2 years.

Formula Used: Total Age = Average × Number of persons

⇒ Sum of ages of husband and wife at the time of wedding = 25 × 2 = 50 years.

⇒ Total age increase for both in 7 years = 7 × 2 = 14 years.

⇒ Sum of ages of husband and wife at present = 50 + 14 = 64 years.

⇒ Age of the child at present = 2 years.

⇒ Total sum of ages of the family = 64 + 2 = 66 years.

⇒ Number of family members = 3.

⇒ Present average age of the family = 66 ÷ 3 = 22 years.

∴ The correct answer is 22 years.

Additional Information

Effect of Time on Average

If the present average age of a group is A, then after 'n' years, the average age of the same group will be (A + n).

Average age with New Member

New Average = (Sum of ages of existing members + Age of new member) ÷ (Total number of members including the new one).

Total Sum of Ages

Total sum of ages always equals the Average multiplied by the Number of persons.

Given:

A sum lent at compound interest amounts to 72.8% more than itself in 3 years, interest compounded annually at a certain rate per cent per annum.

Concept used:

$1 \frac{1}{2}$ years = 1.5 years

1 year = 12 months

likewise 1.5 years = 1.5 × 12 months

In case of the compound interest,

Amount = P(1 + R/100)^N

CI = P(1 + R/100)^N - P

where

P = Principal amount

R = Rate of interest per year

N = Time in years

Calculation:

Let the principal amount and rate of interest be P and R% respectively.

According to the question,

P(1 + R/100)³ = P + P × 72.8%

⇒ P(1 + R/100)3 = P + P × 0.728

⇒ (1 + R/100)3 = 1.728

⇒ (1 + R/100)3 = 1.2³

⇒ 1 + R/100 = 1.2

⇒ R/100 = 1.2 - 1

⇒ R = 0.2 × 100

⇒ R = 20

Now, the compound interest on a sum of ₹18,000 for 1.5 years at 20%

⇒ 18000(1 + $\frac{20 \over 2} {100}$)^{$\frac {1.5 × 12} {6}$} - 18000

⇒ 18000(1 + 0.1)3 - 18000

⇒ 18000 × 1.331 - 18000

⇒ 23958 - 18000

⇒ ₹5958

∴ The compound interest on a sum of ₹18,000 for $1 \frac{1}{2}$ years at the same rate is ₹5958

Shortcut Trick

Let Principal be 100

⇒ Amount = 100 + 72.8 = 172.8

$\frac{1728}{1000}$ = $\frac{216}{125}$ = $\left[\frac{6}{5}\right] ^3$

⇒ 1 unit interest on 5 units per year

⇒ Rate = (1/5) × 100 = 20% per year

⇒ Rate for 6 months = 20/2 = 10%

CI = 3 × (1800) + 3 × (180) + 18

⇒ CI = 5400 + 540 + 18 = ₹5958

Given:

Rate of interest = 12%

Concept used:

1 years = 12 months

Simple Interest, SI = (P × R × T)/100

Amount = P + SI

where, P = Principal, R = Rate of interest, T = time in years

Calculation:

Let the principal amount and time be P and T respectively.

According to the question,

P + (P × 12 × T)/100 = 2 × P

⇒ (P × 12 × T)/100 = P

⇒  12T/100 = 1

⇒ T = 25/3

Now, 25/3 years = 25/3 × 12

⇒ 25 × 4 months

⇒ 100 months

⇒ 8 years 4 months

∴ It will take 8 years and 4 months.

Shortcut Trick

Let the principal be Rs. 'a'

According to the question,

The sum becomes double itself,

⇒ Amount = 2a

⇒ Simple interest = 2a - a = a

Also, SI = PRT/100

⇒ a = a × 12 × T/100

⇒ T = 100/12 

⇒ T =  $8 \frac{1}{3}$

⇒ T = 8 years 4 months.

Hence, the correct answer is 8 years and 4 months.

Given:

Divide 2310 people into three parties such that half in the first party, one-third in the second party, and one-sixth in the third party are all equal.

Calculation:

Let there be P, Q, and R persons in the first, second, and third parties respectively.

According to the question,

P/2 = Q/3 = R/6 = k(let)

So, P = 2k, Q = 3k, and R = 6k

According to the question,

2k + 3k + 6k = 2310

⇒ 11k = 2310

⇒ k = 2310/11

⇒ k = 210

Now,

P = 2 × 210 = 420

Q = 3 × 210 = 630

R = 6 × 210 = 1260

∴ First, second and third parties have 420, 630, and 1260 people.

Given:

782 is divided in the ratio of $\frac{1}{2} : \frac{2}{3} : \frac{3}{4}$

Calculation:

782 is divided in the ratio of 

⇒ $\frac{1}{2} : \frac{2}{3} : \frac{3}{4}$

⇒ $\frac{1}{2} × 12 : \frac{2}{3} × 12 : \frac{3}{4} × 12$

⇒ 6 : 8 : 9

Now, the first part = 782 × 6/(6 + 8 + 9)

⇒ 782 × 6/23 = 204

∴ The first part is 204.

Shortcut Trick

Let the Marked Price (MP) be 100%.

Equivalent SP % after successive 20%, 30%, and 5% discounts = 100% × 0.80 × 0.70 × 0.95 = 53.2%.

Given 53.2% of MP = ₹452.20.

SP after a single 55% discount = 100% − 55% = 45% of MP.

Required SP = (452.20 ÷ 53.2) × 45 = 8.5 × 45 = ₹382.50.

∴ The correct answer is ₹382.50.

Alternate Method

MP ₹850

− 20%, − 30%, − 5%

− 55% Single

Old SP ₹452.20

New SP ₹382.50

Given:

Initial Selling Price (SP) = ₹452.20

Successive discounts = 20%, 30%, and 5%

Formula Used:

Selling Price = Marked Price × (1 − D₁÷100) × (1 − D₂÷100) × (1 − D₃÷100)

Calculations:

⇒ 452.20 = MP × (1 − 20÷100) × (1 − 30÷100) × (1 − 5÷100)

⇒ 452.20 = MP × (80÷100) × (70÷100) × (95÷100)

⇒ 452.20 = MP × (4÷5) × (7÷10) × (19÷20)

⇒ 452.20 = MP × (532÷1000)

⇒ 452.20 = MP × 0.532

⇒ MP = 452.20 ÷ 0.532 = ₹850

Now, if a single discount of 55% is given:

⇒ New SP = MP × (100 − 55)%

⇒ New SP = 850 × (45÷100)

⇒ New SP = 850 × 0.45

⇒ New SP = ₹382.50

∴ The correct answer is ₹382.50.

Additional Information

Successive Discount Formula

For two successive discounts of x% and y%, the equivalent single discount is given by (x + y − xy÷100)%.

Marked Price & Discount Relation

Discount is exclusively offered on the Marked Price (MP). The Selling Price is derived by the formula SP = MP × (100 − D)%.

Profit & Loss Basics

Profit or loss calculations are always based on the Cost Price (CP), whereas the discount metric belongs strictly to the Marked Price (MP) side.

Given:

6 × (4 × 52) ÷ 3 + 7 - 8

Concept used:

Calculation:

6 × (4 × 52) ÷ 3 + 7 - 8

⇒ 6 × (4 × 25) ÷ 3 + 7 - 8

⇒ 6 × 100 ÷ 3 + 7 - 8

⇒ 6 × 100/3 + 7 - 8

⇒ 200 + 7 - 8

⇒ 199

∴ The simplified answer is 199.

Given:

For doing a certain work, the efficiencies of A, B and C are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5.

Working together, they can complete the same work in 15 days.

Concept used:

Total work = Work done per day × Total time taken

Calculation:

Let the total work be 150 units.

Working together each day they complete = 150/15 = 10 units

Efficiency of A = 10 × 2/(2 + 3 + 5) = 2 units

Efficiency of B = 10 × 3/(2 + 3 + 5) = 3 units

Efficiency of C = 10 × 5/(2 + 3 + 5) = 5 units

B and C together do each day = 3 + 5 = 8 units

Now, time taken by B and C together to complete 80% of the original work

⇒ (150 × 80%) ÷ 8

⇒ 120/8 = 15 days

∴ B and C can complete 80% of the original work in 15 days.

Given:

Simple interest = ₹x

Rate of interest = x%

Time = x years

Concept used:

Simple Interest, SI = (P × R × T)/100

Amount = P + SI

where

P = Principal amount

R = Rate of interest per year

T = Time in years

Calculation:

Let the sum be P.

According to the question,

(P × x × x)/100 = x

⇒ P = 100/x

∴ On ₹100/x, the simple interest at a rate of x% p.a. in x years will be ₹x.

Given:

Three horses are tied at three vertices of a triangular field, each with a 7 m long rope.

Concept used:

Area of a sector θ° of a circle = π × R2 × θ/360

(R is the radius of the circle)

π = 22/7

The sum of all angles of a triangle is 180°.

Calculation:

Here, the horses tied at vertices A, B, and C will gaze at the field in the form of a sector of a circle that has a radius of 7 m. 

Let the angles at vertices A, B, and C be θ₁, θ_2, and θ₃ respectively.

According to the question,

(θ1 + θ2 + θ3) = 180°      ....(1)

Area gazed by the horse at vertex A = π × 7² × θ1/360

Area gazed by the horse at vertex B = π × 72 × θ2/360

Area gazed by the horse at vertex C = π × 72 × θ3/360

Now, the total area gazed

⇒ π × 72 × θ1/360 + π × 72 × θ2/360 + π × 72 × θ3/360

⇒ π × 49 × (θ1 + θ₂ + θ₃)/360

⇒ 154 × 180/360 (From 1)

⇒ 154/2

⇒ 77 m²

∴ The total gazed area by the horses is 77 m².

Given:

A shopkeeper sells a fan for ₹912 at a gain of 14% and another fan for ₹1,012 at a loss of 8%. 

Concept used:

Selling Price = Cost Price × (1 + Gain%)

Selling Price = Cost Price × (1 - Loss%)

Gain% = ${(Selling\ Price\ -\ Cost\ Price) \over Cost\ Price} \times 100\%$

Calculation:

Cost price of the fan = 912 ÷ (1 + 14%)

⇒ 912 ÷ (1 + 0.14)

⇒ 912 ÷ 1.14

⇒ ₹800

Cost price of another fan = 1012 ÷ (1 - 8%)

⇒ 1012 ÷ (1 - 0.08)

⇒ 1012 ÷ 0.92

⇒ ₹1100

Total cost price = 800 + 1100 = ₹1900

Total selling price = 912 + 1012  = ₹1924

Now, overall gain % = ${{1924 - 1900} \over 1900} \times 100\%$

⇒ $1{5 \over 19}\%$​

∴ His overall gain was ​$1{5 \over 19} \%$​.

Given:

The profit earned after selling an article for ₹5,800 is the same as the loss incurred after selling the article for ₹2,200.

Concept used:

Profit = Selling price - Cost price

Loss = Cost price - Selling price

Calculation:

Let the cost price of the article be Q.

According to the question,

5800 - Q = Q - 2200

⇒ 2Q = 5800 + 2200

⇒ Q = 8000/2

⇒ Q = 4000

Now, the profit = 5800 - 4000

⇒ ₹1800

∴ The profit is ₹1800.

Given:

$\frac{3}{7}$ and $\frac{18}{5}$

Concept used:

LCM ($\frac{a}{b}$, $\frac{c}{d}$) = $\frac{LCM(a, c)}{HCF(b,d)}$

Calculation:

LCM (3, 18) = 18

HCF (7, 5) = 1

Now, LCM of $\frac{3}{7}$ and $\frac{18}{5}$ = 18

∴ The LCM of $\frac{3}{7}$ and $\frac{18}{5}$ is 18.

Given:

A shopkeeper purchased some material for ₹800, of which 40% was sold at a loss of 10%.

Overall desired profit percentage = 12%

Concept used:

Selling Price = Cost Price - Cost Price × Loss%

Selling Price = Cost Price + Cost Price × Gain%

Calculation:

Remaining good = 100 - 40 = 60%

The selling price of the articles that are sold at a loss = (800 - 800 × 10%) × 40%

⇒ 720 × 0.4 = ₹288

Overall desired selling price = 800 + 800 × 12%

⇒ ₹896

Remaining 60% should be sold at = 896 - 288 = ₹608

Let the profit be of Q%.

According to the question,

(800 + 800 × Q%) × 60% = 608

⇒ (800 + 800 × Q%) = 3040/3

⇒ 800 × Q% = 3040/3 - 800

⇒ 800 × Q% = 640/3

⇒ Q% = 4/15

⇒ Q = 400/15

⇒ Q = $26 \frac{2}{3}$%

∴ To obtain a gain of 12%, the percentage profit on the remaining goods must be $26 \frac{2}{3} \%$

Shortcut Trick 

The ratio of the materials sold at profit/loss = 40 : 60

⇒ 2 : 3

             

∵ (x - 12)/22 = 2/3

⇒ 3x - 36 = 44

⇒ 3x = 80

⇒ x = 80/3

⇒ x =  $26 \frac{2}{3}$%

Hence, the correct answer is $26 \frac{2}{3}$%

Given:

Three persons namely Govind, Rahim, and Sudhir can complete the work in 8, 12, and 15 days, respectively. 

Concept used:

Total work = Work done per day × Total time taken

Calculation:

LCM (8, 12, 15) = 120

Let the total work be 120 units.

Efficiencies,

Govind = 120/8 = 15 units a day

Rahim = 120/12 = 10 units a day

Sudhir = 120/15 = 8 units a day

Now, the time taken to complete the work when they work together

⇒ 120/(15 + 10 + 8)

⇒ 40/11 days

∴  The time taken to complete the work when they work together is 40/11 days.

Shortcut Trick

Identify the unit digit of the base, which is 3.

The cyclicity of 3 is 4 (3¹=3, 3²=9, 3³=7, 3⁴=1).

Divide exponents by 4 to find remainders: 149 → 1, 150 → 2, 151 → 3.

Unit digit = 3¹ + 3² + 3³ = 3 + 9 + 27 = 39.

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Alternate Method

Given: Expression (263)¹⁴⁹ + (263)¹⁵⁰ + (263)¹⁵¹

Concept: The unit digit of a number depends only on the unit digit of the base and the power cyclicity.

⇒ Unit digit of (263)¹⁴⁹ = 3^{(149 mod 4)} = 3¹ = 3

⇒ Unit digit of (263)¹⁵⁰ = 3^{(150 mod 4)} = 3² = 9

⇒ Unit digit of (263)¹⁵¹ = 3^{(151 mod 4)} = 3³ = 27 → 7

⇒ Total unit digit = 3 + 9 + 7 = 19

⇒ Unit digit of 19 is 9.

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Additional Information

Cyclicity of Digits

Digits 0, 1, 5, 6 have a cyclicity of 1. Digits 4 and 9 have a cyclicity of 2. Digits 2, 3, 7, 8 have a cyclicity of 4.

Remainder Rule

If the remainder of the power divided by cyclicity is 0, use the unit digit corresponding to the last term in the cycle (e.g., 3⁴ for base 3).

Algebraic Factorization

The expression can be written as 3¹⁴⁹(1 + 3¹ + 3²) = 3¹⁴⁹ × 13. Unit digit = 3¹ × 3 = 9.

Given:

The income of A is 80% more than that of B, and the income of C is 25% more than 20% of the combined incomes of A and B.

Calculation:

Let the income of B be 100.

A's income = 100 + 100 × 80% = 180

20% of the combined incomes of A and B = (100 + 180) × 20%

⇒ 280 × 20% = 56

C's income = 56 + 56 × 25%

⇒ 70

Now, % less = ${{180 - 70} \over 180} \times 100\%$

⇒ 61.111% ≈ 61.1%

∴ The income of C is 61.1% less than the income of A.

The erroneous part is 'if they would have'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.

• Here, 'if they had' should be used instead of 'if they would have'.

• The given sentence is an example of the third conditional.

• Third Conditional: The third conditional, also called the "Past Unreal" conditional is used to describe unreal situations in the past. It is often used to express regret about the past because the hypothetical situation that it describes is now impossible as a consequence of another past action.

• The structure of these kinds of sentences is "If+Subject+had+V3, S+would+have+V3".​

• Example:

• If I had seen you, I would have stopped my car.

• If I had seen you, I would had stopped my car.

• ​Thus, the correct answer is Option 2.
  

Correct Sentence: They would have won the race if they had run faster.

The correct answer is 'clan'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate word for the given blank is 'clan'.
• It means 'a group of families who are related to each other'. (परस्‍पर संबंधित परिवारों का समुदाय; गोत्र, कुल, वंश)
• Example: The tribe is divided into clans.
• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• clam: a type of shellfish that can be eaten. (एक प्रकार की खाने योग्‍य शंखमीन)
• clot: a lump formed by blood as it dries. (ख़ून का थक्‍का)
• clum: Silence; hush. (मौन; चुप रहना)
• Thus, as per the above definition, we find that the correct answer is Option 1.
  

Correct Sentence: People of the same clan are not allowed to get married in her country.

The correct answer is 'To make efforts'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'To take pains' is 'To make efforts'.
• To take pains: to try hard (to do something). [कठिन प्रयास करना (कुछ करना)]
• Example: He took (great) pains to explain the situation to us.
  

Correct Answer: To make efforts.

The erroneously spelt word is 'Aqurarium'.

Key Points

• Among the given Options the incorrectly spelt word is 'Aqurarium'.
• Its correct spelling is 'Aquarium'.
• It means 'a glass container filled with water, in which fish and water animals are kept'. (पानी से भरी शीशे की टंकी जिसमें मछली आदि जलजीवों को रखा जाता है; मछलीघर, जलजीवशाला)
• Example: The aquarium has some interesting specimens of unusual tropical fish.
  

Correct Answer: Aqurarium.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Honorarium: a payment made for somebody’s professional services, when no particular amount is charged for those services. [व्यवसायिक सेवाओं के लिए दी गई अदायगी जिसके लिए कोई निश्‍चित राशि (प्रभारस्वरूप) नहीं ली जाती है; मानदेय]
• Boutique: a small shop that sells fashionable clothes or expensive presents. (छोटी दुकान जहाँ लोकप्रिय कपड़े या महँगे उपहार बिकते हैं; बुटीक)
• Bungalow: a house that is all on one level, without stairs. (एक-मंज़िला मकान; बंगला)

The correct answer is 'has undergone'.

Key Points

• The underlined part in the given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'has undergone' should be used instead of 'have undergone'.
• If a collective noun refers to a single subject we use a singular helping verb.
• A collective noun is a word or phrase that refers to a group of people or things as one entity.
• Example: Every morning, the herd follows its leader to the watering hole for a drink. → Herd is a singular collective noun. Follows is a singular verb, and the word its is a singular pronoun.
• 'The joint family system' refers to a singular collective noun. Hence, 'has' should be used.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 1.
  

Correct Sentence: The joint family system has undergone drastic changes.

The correct answer is 'Something that is very easy'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'Child's play' is 'Something that is very easy'.
• Child's play: a task that is easily accomplished. (एक कार्य जो आसानी से पूरा हो जाता है)
• For example: tapping telephones is child's play...
  

Correct Answer: Something that is very easy.

The erroneous part is 'is torn bad'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'is torn badly' should be used instead of 'is torn bad'.
• In the given sentence to qualify the verb 'torn' we should change it to 'badly'.
• An adverb is a word that adds more information about place, time, manner, cause or degree to a verb, an adjective, a phrase or another adverb. (समय, स्थान, कारण आदि के संबंध में अधिक जानकारी देने या क्रिया, विशेषण, वाक्यांश या अन्य क्रियाविशेषण की श्रेणी को दर्शानेवाला शब्द; क्रियाविशेषण)
• Example: In ‘speak slowly’, ‘extremely funny’, ‘arrive late’ and ‘I know her well’, ‘slowly’, ‘extremely’, ‘late’ and ‘well’ are adverbs.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 4. 
  

Correct Sentence: The book must be old for its cover is torn badly.