SSC GD Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 23rd November 2021 Shift 2)

The opposite surface of the open dice can be found by the below method:-

• Alternate surfaces are opposite to each other.
• No two opposite surfaces are touched by side or by corners

So, by using the above rule we can find the opposite surface of open dice.

Below are the opposite surfaces:-

 

Note:- Two opposite faces are never seen together or adjacent to each other.

Given:

In figure (A): None of the opposite faces are seen together nor they are adjacent to each other. Thus this cube can be made.

In figure (B): ‘6’ and ‘4’ are opposite faces but here they are seen together which is wrong. Thus this cube cannot be made.

In figure (C): None of the opposite faces are seen together nor they are adjacent to each other. Thus this cube can be made.

In figure (D): In the open dice the order of 5 - 6 - 3 is in the anticlockwise direction and in Figure D the order of 5 - 6 - 3 is in the clockwise direction. So, the dice in Figure D cannot be made from the given open dice.

Hence, ‘A and C’ is the correct answer.

Additional InformationFigure D:-

 

  →  In the open dice, the order of 5 - 6 - 3 is in the anticlockwise direction.

 → In Figure D the order of 5 - 6 - 3 is in the clockwise direction. 

So, the dice in Figure D cannot be made from the given open dice.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

SITAR : TKWEW

Similarly,

CRAME : _______.

​

Hence, 'CRAME' is coded as "DTDQJ".

The shaded part represents  'girls and boys who play both football and hockey'.

<br>

The number of girls who play both football and hockey = 12

The number of boys who play both football and hockey = 14

The number of girls who play both badminton, football and hockey = 5

The number of boys who play both badminton, football and hockey = 4

So, the numbers of girls and boys who play both football and hockey = 12 + 14 + 5 + 4 = 35

Hence, ‘35’ is the correct answer.

Given: L _ _ K C _ O Q _ C L O _ _ C

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1)  OQLKQK → L O Q K C - L O Q K C - L O Q K C

Here "L O Q K C" is repeated itself.

2)  QOLKQK → L Q O K C - L O Q K C - L O Q K C

3)  OQLOQC → L O Q K C - L O Q O C - L O Q C C

4)  OKOQCQ → L O K K C - O O Q Q C - L O C Q C

• Option (1) gives a pattern of L O Q K C - L O Q K C - L O Q K C.

Hence, ‘OQLKQK’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

 

Hence, '369' is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

 

Hence, '74' is the correct answer.

Given:

1. A, B, C and D is 147

=> A + B + C +D = 147 --------- (i)

2. The ratio of C and D is 3 ∶ 5.

=> C : D = 3 : 5

Let the common factor between C and D is ‘x’

So, C = 3x; and D = 5x --------- (ii)

3. D is five times A. C is twice of B.

=> D = 5A and C = 2B

Putting the value of C and D from eq. (ii)

=> 5x = 5A and 3x = 2B

=> A = x and B = 1.5x ---------- (iii)

Putting the value of A and B from eq. (iii) and C and D from eq. (ii) in eq (i)

=> x + 1.5x + 3x + 5x = 147

=> 10.5x = 147

=> x = 147 ÷ 10.5

=> x = 14

Since B = 1.5x

So, B = 1.5 × 14 = 21

Hence, The value of B is “21”.

Alternate Method

Given:

1. A, B, C and D is 147

=> A + B + C +D = 147 --------- (i)

2. The ratio of C and D is 3 ∶ 5.

=> C : D = 3 : 5

3. D is five times A. C is twice of B.

=> D = 5A and C = 2B

=> D : A = 5 : 1 and C : B = 2 :1

Hence, The value of B is “21”.

The embedded part of this image is:

Hence, option (1) is the correct answer.

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern followed is,

All follow the same pattern, except 'PG’.

Hence, “PG” is the odd one.

BODMAS rule:-

Decoding the information, 

Given:

15 Y (11 Z 4) Z 3 X 4 (19 Z 3) Y 11 X 3 (3 Z 2)

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

= 15 ÷ (11 + 4) + 3 × 4 (19 + 3) ÷ 11 × 3 (3 + 2)

= 15 ÷ 15 + 3 × 4 × 22 ÷ 11 × 3 × 5

= 1 + 3 × 4 × 2 × 3 × 5

= 1 + 3 × 4 × 2 × 15

= 1 + 3 × 4 × 30

= 1 + 360

= 361

Hence, “361” is the correct answer.

Statements:

Some pumpkins are bananas.

All bananas are bitter gourds.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

I. No bitter gourd is a pumpkin → False (because all bananas are bitter gourds and Some pumpkins are bananas so no bitter gourd is a pumpkin is not possible)

II. Some bitter gourds are bananas → True (because all bananas are bitter gourds so some bitter gourds are also bananas)

Hence, “Only conclusion II follows".

Total five friends facing north:-  R, S, V, P and Q

1. Q is sitting to the right of R and left of S.

2. If V is the only one sitting to the left of R.

 

Hence, 'V' is sitting in the left most position.

The image obtained when the paper is unfolded is,

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

'TOY' is written as 'UPZ'

And

'COW' is written as 'DPX'

Similarly,

'MONU' = ?

Hence, 'MONU' is coded as "NPOV".

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern followed is,

Hence, “NQS” is the complete series.

Total five friends facing north:-  A, B, C, D and E

1. E is second to the right of C.

2. C is between B and D.

3. A and B are sitting together.

Hence, the '2nd' position of B from the left.

According to the sequence in the dictionary:

The correct order of the given words is:

2. Gorgeous
3. Governess
4. Government
5. Governor
6. Gracious

Hence, the correct answer is "2, 5, 3, 4, 1".

The Logic followed here is:

(1^st number)² + 2^nd number = 3^rd number

In 4,17, 33

(1^st number)² + 2^nd number = 3^rd number

4² + 17 = 16 + 17 = 33

Similarly,

Option 4 → 10, 14, 114

(1^st number)² + 2^nd number = 3^rd number

10² + 14 = 100 + 14 = 114

Hence, the correct answer is "(10, 14, 114)".

The pattern followed here is,

Let (1st number : 2nd number)

1st number × (1^st number - 1) = 2nd number

Now follow the steps:

15 : 210

=> 15 × (15 - 1) = 15 × 14 = 210 = 2nd number

Similarly,

26 : ?

=> 26 × (26 - 1) = 26 × 25 = 650 = 2nd number

Hence, "650" is correct answer.

Alternate Method

The pattern followed here is,

Let (1st number : 2nd number)

(1st number)² - 1^st number = 2nd number

Now follow the steps:

15 : 210

=> 15² – 15 = 225 - 15 = 210 = 2nd number

Similarly,

26 : ?

=> 26² – 26 = 676 - 26 = 650 = 2nd number

Hence, "650" is correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is held at the right side is:

Detailed Explanation:

• The line PQ is the mirror
• The given word “NANKU" ends with ‘U’. So the mirror image will start with “U" → Options 2, 3 and 4 are eliminated.

Hence, "option (1)" is the correct answer.

Additional InformationIn Mirror image left side and right side changed vice-versa where the top and bottom remain the same.

The reflection of an object into the water is its water image. It appears by inverting an object vertically i.e. upside down.

The water image of the figure looks like the mirror image of the figure in case the mirror is horizontally at the bottom of the figure.

Water image is just a reflection where top and bottom part of the images changed where left and right side of the image remain same.

The table is alphabets place value:

JAGUAR is written as MDJXDU

Similarly,

'LEOPARD' = ?

Hence, 'LEOPARD' is coded as "OHRSDUG".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols,

Given:

Nikhil said, "He is my mother's mother-in-law's daughter's only brother's son"

We can draw the following Family Tree from the information given above:

Hence, the Nikhil is the "Brother" of that boy.

Solution:

The codes have been assigned as follows,

DOUBLE →

 

TEN →

 

Similarly,

TOLL →

Hence, ‘TOLL’ is coded as ‘XKYY’.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

• The circle is divided into eight equal parts:
• The alternate circle part becomes pointed and dark in a clockwise direction.

Final series is:

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

'Pen' is related to 'Ink' → Writing from a 'Pen' by using 'Ink' in a pen.

Similarly,

'Brush' is related to ‘Paint’ → Painting from a 'Brush' by using 'Paint' in a brush.

Hence, ‘Paint’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is ​5 Lakh.

Key Points 

• ​Ayushman Bharat- Pradhan Mantri Jan ArogyaYojana (PMJAY) will provide a cover of up to Rs. 5 lakhs per family per year, for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization.
• This is the “world’s largest government-funded healthcare program” targeting more than 50 crore beneficiaries.
• Over 10.74 crore vulnerable entitled families (approximately 50 crore beneficiaries) will be eligible for these benefits.
• PMJAY will provide cashless and paperless access to services for the beneficiary at the point of service.
• PMJAY will help reduce catastrophic expenditure for hospitalizations, which impoverishes people and will help mitigate the financial risk arising out of catastrophic health episodes.
• Entitled families will be able to use the quality health services they need without facing financial hardships.
• When fully implemented, PMJAY will become the world’s largest fully government-financed health protection scheme.
• It is a visionary step toward advancing the agenda of Universal Health Coverage (UHC).

Additional Information

• Ayushman Bharat is a progression towards promotive, preventive, curative, palliative and rehabilitative aspects of Universal Healthcare through access to Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs).
• It adopts a continuum-of-care approach, comprising two interrelated components:
• The creation of 1,50,000 Health and Wellness Centres will bring health care closer to the homes of the people.
• These centres will provide Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC), covering both maternal and child health services and non-communicable diseases, including free essential drugs and diagnostic services.

The correct answer is Harshavardhana.

Key Points 

• Banabhatta:
• Banabhatta​ was a court poet of King Harshavardhana.
• He was one of the great patronages of Sanskrit Literature.
• Banabhatta was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harsha.
• He was the writer of King Harsha’s biography Harshacharitra.
• He was the writer of the world’s earliest novel Kadambari.

Additional Information

• Harshavardhana:
• With the commencement of the 7th century, Harshavardhana (606-647 A.D.) ascended the throne of Thaneshwar and Kannauj on the death of his brother, Rajyavardhana.
• By 612 Harshavardhana consolidated his kingdom in northern India.
• Harshavardhana is well known for his religious toleration, able administration and diplomatic relations.
• He maintained diplomatic relations with China and sent envoys, who exchanged ideas of the Chinese rulers and developed their knowledge about each other.
• The Chinese traveller, Hiuen Tsang, who visited India during his reign, has given a vivid description of the social, economic and religious conditions, under the rule of Harsha spoke highly of the king.
• Chandragupta:​
• Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire.
• At the young age of 25, he captured Pataliputra from the last ruler of the Nanda dynasty, Dhanananda.
• In this task, he was assisted by Kautilya, who was also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta.
• In 305 B.C., he marched against Selukas Niketar, who was Alexander’s General controlling northwestern India.
• Chandragupta Maurya defeated him and a treaty was signed. By this treaty, He gave his daughter in marriage to the Mauryan prince.
• Megasthenes was sent to the Mauryan court as a Greek ambassador.
• Chandragupta embraced Jainism towards the end of his life and stepped down from the throne in favour of his son Bindusara.
• Then he went to Sravana Belgola, near Mysore along with Jain monks led by Bhadrabhagu and starved himself to death.
• Ashoka:​
• Ashoka was a Mauryan emperor.
• Bindusara and Subhadrangi (or Dharma) were Ashoka's father and mother respectively.
• He was the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Maurya dynasty.
• Ashoka is considered by many to be one of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka expanded Chandragupta's empire to reign over a realm covering the entire Indian subcontinent except for parts of present-day Kerala, Tamilnadu, and Karnataka.
• After the Kalinga war, the Mauryan emperor Ashoka converted to Buddhism from Hinduism, to propagate Buddhism he sent his son Mahendra and his daughter Sanghmitra as missionaries to Ceylon about  251 BC.
• They converted the royal family of Ceylon, who helped them in propagating Buddhism across the state.

The correct answer is Chait (Chet) Singh.

Key Points

• Maharaja Chait (Chet) Singh of Benaras (Banaras) was arrested by Warren Hastings in 1781.
• 16th August 9:30 am- a letter was sent to Raja Chait Singh at his Shivala residence stating that he had failed to obey the orders of the British and did not help the Company by providing the required troops.
• Chait Singh replied that he had duly performed his duties.
• The reply wasn’t what Warren Hastings had anticipated and this angered him further.
• Eventually, he ordered Chait Singh to be arrested.
• The news of Chait Singh’s arrest spread like a fire in the city.
• Supporters of Raja of Benaras started pouring at his Shivala palace.
• Few British soldiers were deployed at Raja’s fort on the banks of river Ganga at Shivala Ghat.

Additional Information

• The first governor-general in India (of Bengal) was Warren Hastings in 1773.
• He started his career as a writer (clerk) in the East India Company at Calcutta in 1750.
• Established revenue board in 1772.
• He Abolished the dual system of governance.
• He founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal with William Jones in 1784 in Calcutta.
• Warren Hastings laid the foundation of civil service and Lord Cornwallis reformed, modernized, and rationalized it.

The correct answer is 105.

Key Points 

• India ranked 105th in Economic Freedom Index 2020.
• India's total score in this index was 56.5 and its overall score is increased by 1.3 points.
• Singapore topped the Economic Freedom Index 2020.
• Hong Kong for the first time secured 2nd rank since the 1st publication in 1995.
• North Korea ranked last, securing 180th rank.
• This index is based on 12 factors which have 4 pillars.

Additional Information

• The Index of Economic Freedom is an annual index and ranking which measure the degree of economic freedom in the world's nations.
• Heritage Foundation releases Index of Economic Freedom.
• Heritage Foundation-  a conservative public policy research organization of The United States with its headquarter in Washington D.C. was founded in 1973 by Edwin Feulner and Paul Weyrich.

The correct answer is Sudha Murty.

Key Points

• On the 70th birthday of award-winning author Sudha Murty, publishing house Penguin Random House India on Wednesday announced her latest collection of short stories, 'Grandparents' Bag of Stories'.
• A prolific writer in English and Kannada, Sudha Murthy has written novels, technical books, travelogues, collections of short stories and non-fictional pieces, and books for children.
• Murty was the recipient of the R.K. Narayan Award for Literature and the Padma Shri in 2006, and the Attimabbe Award from the government of Karnataka for excellence in Kannada literature in 2011.
• Some other important books are written by Sudha Murthy:-
• ​Wise and Otherwise
• How I taught my grandmother to read and other stories.
• Gently fall the Bakula.
• Mahashweta
• Doller Bahu

Additional Information 

• Gauri Khan is an Indian film producer and fashion designer who works in Hindi films and designer.
• Twinkle Khanna is an Indian author interior designer, film producer and a former film actress.
• In 2015, she released her first non-fiction book**, "Mrs Funnybones".**
• Suzanna Arundhati Roy is an Indian author best known for her novel The God of Small Things, which won the Man Booker Prize for Fiction in 1997.

The correct answer is Article 21.

Key Points

• Article 21 is the protection of life and personal liberty.
• No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law.
• It guarantees life and personal liberty to all persons irrespective of caste or gender.
• It guarantees the right of persons to live with human dignity.
• All the aspects of life go to make a person's life meaningful, complete, and worth living.
• Article 21 provides freedom from wrongful detention, arrest, and confinement.

Additional Information

• Article 17 of the Constitution of India deals with the abolition of untouchability.
• Article 20 has taken care to safeguard the rights of persons accused of crimes.
• No person shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of the law in force at the time of the commission of the act charged as an offence, nor be subjected to a penalty greater than that which might have been inflicted under the law in force at the time of the commission of the offence.
• Article 26 in The Constitution Of India 1949 states regarding freedom to manage religious affairs Subject to public order, morality and health, every religious denomination or any section thereof shall have the right.

The correct answer is Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.

Key Points

• Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar can be described as 'a spokesperson of the backward classes and castes in India'.
• Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar did a valuable work of creating awareness in the untouchable society.
• He was born in Mahu, a village near Indore in Madhya Pradesh.
• Due to his work, the people and activists awarded him the title of Babasaheb.
• Babasaheb did the work of social awareness and organization of Dalits.
• On 20 July 1924, he established the Bhiskrit Hitkarani Sabha.
• In 1927, Babasaheb organized the Mahad Satyagraha to see the Chavdar Thalai at Mahad to give courage and confidence to the untouchables.
• Babasaheb started a newspaper to educate the Dalits and the main papers were Mooknayak, Bahishkrit Bharat, and Janata.
• He embraced Buddhism on 14 October 1956 at Nagpur.

Additional Information

• Sardar Patel was born on 31st October 1875 in Nadiad, Gujarat.
• He was the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India.
• He played an important role in the integration of many Indian princely states to make an Indian federation.
• At the time of independence, Sardar Patel played a key role in convincing several princely states to align with the Indian Union.
• He also worked hard as a social leader for the Independence of India.
• Women of Bardoli bestowed the title ‘Sardar’ on Vallabhbhai Patel, which means ‘a Chief or a Leader’.
• Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the longest-serving President of India (1950 to 1962).
• Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the first President of India on 24th January 1950
• He was one of the prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement and played a prominent role as the President of the Indian National Congress.
• He served as the president of the Constituent Assembly that drafted the first constitution of the Republic of India, which lasted from 1948 to 1950.
• ​Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23rd January 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa.
• One of the greatest freedom fighters of India popularly known as Netaji.
• Subhas Chandra Bose was elected twice as the president of the INC in the Haripura session in 1938 and the Tripuri session in 1939.
• Subhas Chandra Bose founded the All India Forward Bloc on 22nd June 1939.

The correct answer is Sanitation literacy campaign.

Key Points

• The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, NABARD is embarking on a Sanitation Literacy Campaign in Karnataka.
• It will create awareness on good hygiene and sanitation practices among rural masses.
• The campaign will commence on 2 Oct 2020 and continue until 26 Jan 2021.
• Under Swachh Bharat Mission, they also supported the construction of 3.29 crore household toilets.

Additional Information 

 

• About NABARD
• Headquarters: Mumbai
• Chairman: Shri Shaji K V
• Established in: 1982
• Karnataka:
• Number of Districts - 30.
• Lok Sabha seats - 28.
• Rajya Sabha seats - 12.
• National Parks - Anshi National Park, Bandipur National Park, Bannerghatta National Park, Kudremukh National Park, Rajiv Gandhi (Nagarahole) National Park.

The correct answer is 1931.

Key Points

• The Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed in 1931.
• The Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on March 5, 1931.
• The features of the Gandhi-Irwin pact:
• Congress would participate in the Second Round Table Conference.
• Congress would discontinue the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• The Government would withdraw all ordinances issued to curb Congress.
• The Government would withdraw all prosecutions relating to offenses other than violent ones.
• The Government would release all persons undergoing sentences of imprisonment for their activities in the civil disobedience movement.

Additional Information 

• Civil Disobedience Movement
• The Civil Disobedience Movement was started by Gandhi on 12th March 1930 with his famous Dandi March.
• Together with 78 chosen followers, Gandhi walked nearly 375 km from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, a village on the Gujarat sea coast.
• On the morning of 6th April 1930, Gandhiji broke the salt law by making salt. Thousands of people followed suit.
• This movement resulted in Gandhi-Irwin Pact on 5 March 1931.
• Indians were allowed to make salt for domestic use.
• Gandhiji attended the Second Round Table Conference in London as an ‘equal’.

The correct answer is Thyroid.

Key Points

• Calcitonin
• It is a thyroid hormone that controls the balance of calcium in the body.
• The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the human body.
• Thyroxine and Calcitonin are the hormones secreted by the Thyroid gland.
• Calcitonin lowers the concentration of calcium in blood whenever it rises above the normal value.
• The normal level of calcium in the blood is 8-10 mg/dL.

Additional Information

• The pituitary gland is located inside the brain in a bony cavity called sella turcica.
• This land is also known as ‘Master Gland’.
• The pineal gland is located on the dorsal side of the forebrain.
• Pineal secretes a hormone called melatonin.
• The thyroid gland is composed of two lobes which are located on either side of the trachea.
• The lobes are interconnected with a thin flap of connective tissue called isthmus.
• The thyroid gland produces two hormones, tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4 ) and triiodothyronine (T3 ).
• ​Our body has one pair of adrenal glands, one at the anterior part of each kidney.
• The gland is composed of two types of tissues.
• The centrally located tissue is called the adrenal medulla, and outside this lies the adrenal cortex
• The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones called adrenaline or epinephrine and noradrenaline or norepinephrine.

The correct answer is 1930.

Key Points

• The 1st Commonwealth Games were held in 1930 in Hamilton, Canada.
• After Olympics, Commonwealth Games is the second-largest sports festival in the world.
• The Games are held once in four years but only in between the Olympic years.
• The 1st Commonwealth Games were held in 1930 at Hamilton, Canada.
• India participated for the first time in the second Commonwealth games held in London in 1934.

Additional Information 

• The Commonwealth Games is a festival of sports of the Commonwealth countries.
• Since 1930, the games have been conducted every four years except for 1942 and 1946.
• The 2018 Commonwealth Games were held in Goldcoast, Australia.
• The 2022 Commonwealth Games will be held in Birmingham, England.

The correct answer is 331.

Key Points

• Article 331 of the Constitution of India states that the President can nominate two members of the Anglo-Indian community to the Lok Sabha if the community is not adequately represented.
• In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India were abolished by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.

Additional Information

• Article 333: Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
• Article 335: Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts.
• Article 337: Special provision concerning educational grants for the benefit of the Anglo-Indian Community.

The correct answer is Vietnam.

Key Points

• India and Vietnam have signed an implementation agreement (IA) on hydrography.
• The agreement was signed during a virtual bilateral meeting between Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and his Vietnamese counterpart General Ngo Xuan Lich.
• Both the Ministers discussed ways to further the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and friendship between both countries, during the meeting.

Additional Information

• Vietnam: 
• Capital - Hanoi.
• Currency - Vietnamese dong.
• President - Nguyen Phu Trong.

The correct answer is the Indian Ocean.

Key Points 

• Java Trench
• It is also called Sunda Double Trench, the deepest point of the Indian Ocean.
• The trench is considered to be part of the Pacific Ring of fire as well as one of a ring of oceanic trenches around the northern edges of the Australian Plate.
• Indian Ocean
• It is the third biggest ocean in the world.
• It is bounded by Asia to the North, Africa to the west, and Australia to the east.
• The deepest point in the Indian Ocean is the Java Trench.
• The majority of the Indian Ocean is in the Southern Hemisphere.

Additional Information

• Pacific Ocean
• It is the largest ocean among all the oceans.
• It is bounded by the continents of Asia in the West and America in the East.
• The Mariana Trench, in the Pacific Ocean, is the deepest location on Earth.
• In the pacific ocean, El Nino affects the weather conditions.
• It was named after Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan.
• Atlantic Ocean
• It is the second-largest ocean.
• Its deepest point is Milwaukee Trench.
• It has the largest coastline.
• It is the busiest route for trade and commerce in the world.
• Southern Ocean
• The Southern Ocean is also known as the Antarctic Ocean comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean.
• It is the second smallest ocean among all the oceans.
• The South Sandwich Trench is the deepest point of this ocean.

The correct answer is Helium.

Key Points

• Helium is an inert gas
• Because of its inertness, it does not react with other substances. Hence Helium is used in balloons.
• Properties of Helium
• It has the lowest boiling point of any element at -2690C and a low density .
• This allows Helium to float.

Additional Information

• In the modern periodic table, group 18 belongs to inert gases.
• This group of a series of gases including Argon, Helium, Neon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon.
• Radon is the only radioactive out of all and its also not present in the Atmosphere.

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• Onam:
• It is a harvest festival of Kerala.
• It is celebrated to commemorate the arrival of King Mahabali.
• The festival lasts for ten days.
• It is also a harvest festival and falls on the 22nd Nakshatra Thiruvonam in the Malayalam calendar month of Chingam, which in the Gregorian calendar overlaps with August–September.

Additional Information

Important festivals of different sates are:

The correct answer is Quality and Sustainable Schools: Learnings from Schools in India.

Key Points 

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the inaugural conclave of Shikshak Parv on 7 September 2021 through video conferencing.
• The theme of ‘Shikshak Parv-2021’ is – Quality and Sustainable Schools: Learnings from Schools in India.
• Education Ministry is organising a 2-day conclave on School Education in 21st Century under Shikshak Parv starting 10 September 2020, through an online medium.
• On the first day of the Conclave, the focus will be on Principal and Teacher practitioners, who will discuss how they have already implemented certain themes of the NEP in creative ways.

Additional Information 

• ​The Prime Minister will launch five initiatives of the Department on 7th September 2021.
• These include:
• Indian Sign Language dictionary of 10 thousand words,
• Talking Books the audiobooks for the visually impaired,
• School Quality Assessment and Accreditation Framework SQAAF of CBSE,
• NISTHA teachers’ training programme for NIPUN Bharat and
• Vidyanjali Portal for facilitating education volunteers or donors or CSR contributors for school development.

The correct answer is Table tennis.​

Key Points

• Achanta Sharath Kamal is a professional player of table tennis from India.
• With four Commonwealth Games golds, two Asian Games medals, three Olympic Games appearances, and two ITTF Pro Tour titles under his belt, Sharath Kamal is arguably the best Indian table tennis player in history.
• Other table tennins player:
• Sharath Kamal,
• Sathiyan Gnanasekaran,
• Sutirtha Mukherjee,
• Manika Batra

Additional Information

• Achievements​
• He won his first national title in 2003 and his first international medal at the 2004 Commonwealth Table Tennis Championships.
• He has conferred the Arjuna Award in 2004, won five national titles in a row.
• A historic singles gold medal at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne.
• In 2010, Sharath Kamal became the first Indian table tennis player to win an ITTF Pro Tour title.
• In 2020, at the age of 37, Sharath Kamal finally won his second international title at the Oman Open, a decade after his first.
• Currently ranked world No. 32, he qualified for the Tokyo Olympics -
• His fourth Games appearance - at the Asian Olympic qualification tournament in the men’s singles and mixed doubles with Manika Batra.

The correct answer is Mohammad Siraj.

Key Points

• Mohammed Siraj became the first bowler to bowl two maiden overs in an Indian Premier League (IPL) match.
• He plays for Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB).
• Siraj achieved the feat against Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) at the Sheikh Zayed Stadium in Abu Dhabi.
• The 26-year-old took two wickets in his first over without conceding a run and followed it up with another wicket maiden against KKR today.

Important Points

• Praveen Kumar bowled the most number of Maiden overs in IPL HIstory.
• He bowled a total of 14 overs Maiden.

The correct answer is Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled the Statue of Peace on 16 November 2020.
• The unveiling was done in order to mark the 151st birth anniversary of Shree Vijay Vallabh Surishwer Ji Maharaj. PM Modi did the unveiling via video conference.
• The statue is a 151-inch-tall structure and it is installed at the Vijay Vallabh Sadhana Kendra located in Jetpura of Rajasthan’s Pali district. The statue has been made out of Ashtadhatu.

Important Points 

• Basic Information about Shree Vijay Vallabh Surishwer Ji Maharaj:
• Shree Vijay Vallabh Surishwer Ji Maharaj was a Jain saint who lived from 1870 to 1954. He worked with dedication to spreading among people the message of Lord Mahavira.
• The saint also worked towards the eradication of social evils, spreading of education and the welfare of people, while also writing inspiring literature spanning from poetry and essays to stevens and devotional hymns.

Additional Information

• Rajasthan:
• Chief Minister: Ashok Gehlot
• Governor: Kalraj Mishra
• State Animal: Chinkara
• State Heritage Animal: Dromedary camel
• State Bird: Indian bustard
• State Flower: Rohida
• National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries: Ranthambhor National Park, Desert National Park, Bharatpur National Park, Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary, Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary

The correct answer is 2005.

Key Points

• National Jute Policy was formulated in 2005 for increasing productivity, improving quality ensuring good prices for the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare.
• The policy objective is to enable the jute industry to build world-class state-of-the-art manufacturing capabilities.
• Its goal is to encourage Foreign Direct Investment, research and development in the sector.
• The policy is undertaken by the Ministry of Textiles.
• Its vision is for sustainable employment generation and the economic growth of the nation.
• It focuses on increasing exports to Rs.5000 crore by 2010 from the present level of Rs.1000 crore.

Additional Information

• Jute is known as golden fibre because it is the most used natural fibre.
• Used in making gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and other artefacts.
• It is cultivated mainly in eastern India because of the rich alluvial soil of the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta.
• India, Bangladesh, China and Thailand are the world's largest producing countries of Jutes.
• For its cultivation is the required temperature between 25-35°C and rainfall of about 150-250 cm.
• The top Jute Producing State is West Bengal followed by Bihar and Assam.

The correct answer is Punjab.

Key Points

• 'Shaheedi Sabha' is a festival celebrated in Punjab.
• Shaheedi Sabha is three-day annual religious congregation organised every year in December at Gurdwara Fatehgarh Sahib, in the Fatehgarh Sahib district of Punjab.

Additional Information

• Other festivals of Punjab:
• Lohri, the bonfire harvest festival of Punjab celebrated in the month of Magh, is symbolic of new beginnings.
• Hola Mohalla, also called Hola, is a three-day long Sikh festival which normally falls in March.
• Maghi is the regional name of the Hindu festival of Makar Sankranti celebrated in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.
• The Muktsar fair is one of the largest Sikh fairs held in Muktsar Sahib commonly referred to as Muktsar.
• Baisakhi festivals of Punjab is traditionally associated with the harvest of rabi crops.

The correct anwer is 2015-16 to 2019-20.

Key Points

• As per Economic Survey 2020-21, from the year 2015-16 to 2019-20 infant mortality rates declined by 12% for states that did not adopt the 'Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana' (AB-PMJAY).
• The Economic Survey in its most crucial analysis attempts to estimate the causal impact of PMJAY on health outcomes by undertaking a difference-in-difference analysis.
• As PMJAY was implemented in March 2018, health indicators measured by National Family Health Surveys 4 (in 2015-16) and 5 (in 2019-20) provide before-after data to assess this impact.
• The Pre-Budget survey compares the States that implemented PMJAY with those that did not adopt.
• The reduction in Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) was 20 per cent vis-à-vis 12 per cent in PMJAY and non-PMJAY states respectively, an increment of 8 per cent for states that adopted PMJAY versus those that did not.

Additional Information

• AB-PMJAY was launched on 23 September 2018.
• This scheme is a Centrally sponsored scheme with some Central sector components.
• PMJAY offers a sum insured of 5 lakh per family for secondary care (which doesn’t involve a super-specialist) as well as tertiary care.
• For the beneficiaries, this is a free scheme.
• An entitlement-based scheme that targets the beneficiaries as identified by the latest Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) data.

The correct answer is Smriti Mandhana.

Key Points

• Smriti Mandhana has become the new ambassador of Equitas Small Finance Bank.
• Mandhana will promote the new women focussed product of Equitas named 'Eva'.
• Eva is a kind of bank account that will ensure the physical and financial well being of women.

Additional Information 

• Equitas Small Finance Bank is a microfinance lender that was established in the year 2004.
• It is a subsidiary company of Equitas Holdings Limited and is headquartered in Chennai.
• Shri Arun Ramanathan as its Chairman.
• ​Smriti Mandhana:
• Smriti Mandhana is an Indian female left-handed batswoman.
• She was born on July 18, 1996, and belongs to Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• Honours:
• BCCI: Best Women's International Cricketer.
• ICC: Rachael Heyhoe Flint Award and ODI player of the year.

The correct answer is Pitti Island.

Key Points

• Pitti Island Bird Sanctuary is located in uninhabited island in India has a bird sanctuary.
• It is located in Lakshadweep.
• Pitti bird sanctuary is also known as Pakshipitti, this name is derived from the Tamil word Pitti means bird.
• It is an important nesting place for pelagic birds like the sooty tern, the greater crested tern, and the brown noddy.
• It is also a prominent breeding place for sea turtles.
• This island belongs to the Kavaratti Tehsil or District.
• Place Is best to find these birds nest side by side on dry coral rubble.
• 75 seabird species can be found here in this sanctuary.
• It is one of the most famous bird-watching sites in Lakshadweep wildlife sanctuaries, India.

Additional Information 

• Lakshadweep is an uninhabited island and a designated Bird Sanctuary.
• It has a total of 36 islands and has its capital called Kavaratti.
• The entire island has been divided by an eleven-degree channel.
• North of which has Amini Island and the South part has Canannore island.
• Some of the other prominent islands of Lakshadweep are:
• Kavaratti Island located 404 kilometers to the west of the city Kochi famous for its pristine white sand beaches making it a place tourist attraction.
• Agatti Island is located 459 kilometers from Kochi and is a tourist place.
• Minicoy Island is located 398 kilometers west of Trivandrum which is the capital city of Kerala.
• Amini Island is located in the Aminidivi Tehsil of Lakshadweep.

Given:

78 ÷ 13 of 5 - [48 ÷ 72 × 3 - 15 ÷ 8 × (23 - 29) - 17] of 4

Concept used:

Calculation:

78 ÷ 13 of 5 - [48 ÷ 72 × 3 - 15 ÷ 8 × (23 - 29) - 17] of 4

⇒ 78 ÷ 13 of 5 - [48 ÷ 72 × 3 - 15 ÷ 8 × -6 - 17] of 4

⇒ 78 ÷ 13 of 5 - [48 ÷ 72 × 3 + 15 ÷ 8 × 6 - 17] of 4

⇒ 78 ÷ 13 of 5 - [2/3 × 3 + 15/8 × 6 - 17] of 4

⇒ 78 ÷ 13 of 5 - [2 + 45/4 - 17] of 4

⇒ 78 ÷ 13 of 5 - [-15/4] of 4

⇒ 78 ÷ 13 of 5 + 15/4 of 4

⇒ 78 ÷ 65 + 15

⇒ 1.2 + 15

⇒ 16.2

∴ The simplified value is 16.2.

Given:

The savings of Radha are equal to 40% of her expenditure.

Her income increases by 25% and her expenditure increases by 40%.

Concept used:

Income = Expenditure + Savings

Incremented/Reduced value = Initial value (1 ± change%)

Calculation:

Let the expenditure of Radha be 100p.

Her savings = 100p × 40% = 40p

Her income = 100p + 40p = 140p

Later,

Her income = 140p + 140p × 25% = 175p

Her expenditure = 100p + 100p × 40% = 140p

Her savings = 175p - 140p = 35p

Now, her savings decreased by = ${{40p - 35p} \over 40p} \times 100\%$ = 12.5%

∴ Her savings decreased by 12.5%.

Given:

An integer 'k' is divisible by 3, 5 and 10.

Concept used:

LCM is the smallest common multiple of two or more numbers.

Calculation:

LCM (3, 5, 10) = 30

Since 'k' is divisible by 3, 5, and 10, k must be a multiple of 30.

So, only 2k is a possible multiple of 30 here.

∴ 2k will be the next larger integer divisible by all these numbers.

Given:

By selling an article for Rs. 299.20, a shopkeeper loses 12%.

Concept used:

Profit% = ${(Selling\ Price\ -\ Cost\ Price) \over Cost\ Price} \times 100\%$

Selling Price = Cost Price - Cost Price × Loss%

Calculation:

Let the cost price be p.

According to the concept,

p - p × 12% = 299.20

⇒ 0.88p = 299.20

⇒ p = 299.20/0.88

⇒ p = 340

Now, his gain% = ${{350.20 - 340} \over 340} \times 100\%$ = 3%

∴ If he sells it for Rs. 350.20, then there is a 3% gain.

Shortcut Trick

Total Work (LCM of 36, 48) = 144 units.

Efficiency: A = 4, B = 3. Combined (A+B) = 7.

Work done in 12 days = 12 × 7 = 84. Remaining work = 144 − 84 = 60.

C's Efficiency = 60 ÷ 10 = 6 units/day.

62.5% of Original Work = 144 × 5/8 = 90 units.

Time for (A + C) = 90 ÷ (4 + 6) = 9 days.

∴ The correct answer is 9 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by A = 36 days

Time taken by B = 48 days

Common work duration for A and B = 12 days

Time taken by C to finish remaining work = 10 days

Calculations:

⇒ Total Work = LCM(36, 48) = 144 units.

⇒ Efficiency of A = 144 ÷ 36 = 4 units/day.

⇒ Efficiency of B = 144 ÷ 48 = 3 units/day.

⇒ Combined Efficiency of (A + B) = 4 + 3 = 7 units/day.

⇒ Work done by A and B in 12 days = 12 × 7 = 84 units.

⇒ Remaining work for C = 144 − 84 = 60 units.

⇒ Efficiency of C = Remaining Work ÷ Time = 60 ÷ 10 = 6 units/day.

⇒ 62.5% of the Original Work = 144 × (62.5/100) = 144 × (5/8) = 90 units.

⇒ Combined Efficiency of (A + C) = 4 + 6 = 10 units/day.

⇒ Time taken by (A + C) to complete 90 units = 90 ÷ 10 = 9 days.

∴ The correct answer is 9 days.

Additional Information

Work and Efficiency Relation

Total Work = Efficiency × Time. For a constant work, efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken.

Percentage to Fraction Conversion

Converting common percentages like 62.5% to fractions (5/8) or 37.5% (3/8) simplifies calculation significantly.

Combined Efficiency

When individuals work together, their individual efficiencies are added to find the total rate of work done per day.

Shortcut Trick

Total weight of A + B + C = 60 × 3 = 180 kg

Total weight of A + B = 45 × 2 = 90 kg

Weight of C = Total(A+B+C) − Total(A+B) = 180 − 90 = 90 kg

∴ The correct answer is 90 kg.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average weight of A, B and C = 60 kg

Average weight of A and B = 45 kg

Formula Used:

Sum of observations = Average × Number of observations

⇒ Sum of weights of A, B and C = 60 × 3

⇒ A + B + C = 180 kg ... (i)

⇒ Sum of weights of A and B = 45 × 2

⇒ A + B = 90 kg ... (ii)

⇒ Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i):

⇒ (A + B + C) − (A + B) = 180 − 90

⇒ C = 90 kg

∴ The correct answer is 90 kg.

Additional Information

Basic Average Formula

Average = (Sum of all observations) ÷ (Number of observations). To find the total sum, always multiply the average by the count.

Net Deviation Method

If the average of n terms is X and the average of (n−1) terms is Y, the n^th term = X + (n−1) × (X − Y).

Combined Average

If two groups with sizes n₁, n₂ and averages a₁, a₂ are combined, the new average = (n₁a₁ + n₂a₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Shortcut Trick

Quantity of water = Base Area × Water Depth

Area of the pool = 15 m × 10 m = 150 m²

Volume of water = 150 m² × 2.5 m = 375 m³

Note: 1 m³ is exactly equal to 1 kilo litre (kL).

∴ The correct answer is 375 kL.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length (l) of the pool = 15 m

Breadth (b) of the pool = 10 m

Total depth of the pool = 3 m

Depth of water (h) filled = 2.5 m

Formula Used:

Volume of water = Length × Breadth × Water Depth

Conversion: 1 m³ = 1000 Litres = 1 kL

Calculations:

⇒ Volume of water = 15 × 10 × 2.5

⇒ Volume of water = 150 × 2.5

⇒ Volume of water = 375 m³

⇒ Total quantity in kL = 375 × 1 kL

⇒ Total quantity = 375 kL

∴ The correct answer is 375 kL.

Additional Information

Volume of a Cuboid

The volume of a rectangular pool (cuboid) is calculated as V = l × b × h, where l is length, b is breadth, and h is height.

Unit Conversion for Liquids

1 m³ = 1000 Litres = 1 kilo litre (kL). 1 cm³ = 1 mL. 1000 cm³ = 1 Litre.

Total Capacity vs. Water Content

Total capacity uses the full depth (3 m), while water quantity uses only the current depth (2.5 m).

Surface Area

The lateral surface area of the pool (walls only) is 2h(l + b), and the total wet surface area is lb + 2h(l + b).

Given:

A shopkeeper bought an oven for Rs. 15,000 and sold it for Rs. 19,200.

He paid Rs. 350 at the octroi and Rs. 650 transportation charges.

Concept used:

Gain% = ${Gain \over Cost\ Price} \times 100\%$

Gain = Selling price - Cost price

Calculation:

Total cost price of the oven to the shopkeeper

⇒ 15000 + 350 + 650 = Rs. 16000

Gain during the transaction = 19200 - 16000 = Rs. 3200

Now, his gain% = ${3200 \over 16000} \times 100\%$ = 20%

∴ His gain percentage is 20%.

Given:

A sum of Rs. 713  is divided into three parts, A, B and C in the ratio $\frac{1}{2}: \frac{2}{3}: \frac{3}{4}$.

Calculation:

LCM (2, 3, 4) = 12

The given ratio in interger form

⇒ $\frac{1}{2}: \frac{2}{3}: \frac{3}{4}$

⇒ $\frac{1}{2} × 12 : \frac{2}{3} × 12: \frac{3}{4} × 12$

⇒ 6 : 8 : 9

Now, C's share = 713 × 9/(6 + 8 + 9)

⇒ 713 × 9/23 = Rs. 279

∴ C's share is Rs. 279.

Given:

A certain sum amounts to Rs. 13860 after 5 years and to Rs. 16776 after 8 years at the same rate per cent per annum at simple interest. 

Concept used:

Simple Interest, SI = (P × R × T)/100

Amount = P + SI

where, P = Principal amount, R = Rate of interest per year

T = Time in years

$3 \frac{2}{5}$ years = 3.4 years

Calculation:

Let the rate of interest be R%.

Interest incurred in 3 years = 16776 - 13860 = Rs. 2916

Internet incurred per year = 2916/3 = Rs. 972

So, the principal amount = 13860 - 972 × 5 = Rs. 9000

According to the concept,

(9000 × R × 1)/100 = 972

⇒ R = 97200/9000

⇒ R = 10.8

Now, the simple interest incurred on Rs. 20,000 for $3 \frac{2}{5}$ years at the same rate

⇒ (20000 × 10.8 × 3.4)/100

⇒ Rs. 7344

∴ The simple interest incurred on Rs. 20,000 for $3 \frac{2}{5}$ years at the same rate is Rs. 7344.

Given:

$42 \frac{1}{5} \div\left[36+\frac{2}{3}\right. of \left.15-\left(24 \div 8+\frac{4}{5}\right)\right]$

Concept used:

Calculation:

$42 \frac{1}{5} ÷\left[36+\frac{2}{3}\right. of \left.15-\left(24 ÷ 8+\frac{4}{5}\right)\right]$

⇒ 42.2 ÷ [36 + 2/3 × 15 - (24 ÷ 8 + 0.8)]

⇒ 42.2 ÷ [36 + 2/3 × 15 - (3 + 0.8)]

⇒ 42.2 ÷ [36 + 10 - 3 - 0.8]

⇒ 42.2 ÷ 42.2

⇒ 1

∴ The simplified value is 1.

Shortcut Trick

Marked Price (MP) = Rs. 18000

SP after 1st discount = 18000 × (100 − 12) ÷ 100 = 18000 × 0.88 = Rs. 15840

Final SP = Rs. 14414.40

Additional Discount = 15840 − 14414.40 = Rs. 1425.60

Additional Discount % = (1425.60 ÷ 15840) × 100 = 9%

∴ The correct answer is 9%.

Alternate Method

Given: MP = Rs. 18000, d₁ = 12%, Final SP = Rs. 14414.40. Formula: Final SP = MP × (1 − d₁/100) × (1 − d₂/100)

⇒ 14414.40 = 18000 × (88 ÷ 100) × (100 − x) ÷ 100 ⇒ 14414.40 = 15840 × (100 − x) ÷ 100 ⇒ 1441.44 = 158.4 × (100 − x) ⇒ 100 − x = 1441.44 ÷ 158.4 ⇒ 100 − x = 9.1 × 10 (or simply 91) ⇒ x = 100 − 91 = 9%

∴ The correct answer is 9%.

Additional Information

Successive Discounts

When multiple discounts are applied, the second discount is calculated on the reduced price after the first discount. Total SP = MP × (1 − d₁%) × (1 − d₂%).

Equivalent Single Discount

Two successive discounts of a% and b% are equivalent to a single discount of (a + b − ab ÷ 100)%.

Given:

Rs. 15,600 at 12% per annum for 9 months, interest compounded quarterly.

Concept used:

1 quarter = 3 months

1 year = 12 months

In case of the compound interest,

Amount = P(1 + R/100)^N

CI = P(1 + R/100)^N - P

where, P = Principal amount

R = Rate of interest per year, N = Time in years

Calculation:

12% per annum

⇒ (12/4)% per quarter

⇒ 3% per quarter

9 months = 3 quarters

So, after 9 months the amount becomes

⇒ 15600(1 + 3/100)³

⇒ 15600 × 1.03³ ≈ Rs. 17046.54

Now, incurred compound interest = 17046.54 - 15600 = Rs. 1446.54

∴ The compound interest on Rs. 15,600 at 12% per annum for 9 months, compounded quarterly is Rs. 1446.54.

Shortcut Trick

CI = 3 × (468) + 3 × (14.04) + 0.42

⇒ CI = 1404 + 42.12 + 0.42

⇒ CI = 1446.54

Shortcut Trick

Total Cost Price (CP) for 3 articles = 3 units. Total Loss = 20% on 3 units = −60%.

Profit on 1^st article = +12%.

Let the combined profit/loss on the other 2 articles be x%.

Equation: 12 + 2x = −60 ⇒ 2x = −72 ⇒ x = −36%.

Negative sign indicates a Loss.

∴ The correct answer is Loss of 36%.

Alternate Method

Given: CP of each article = Rs. 500. Total articles = 3. Profit on 1^st = 12%. Overall Loss = 20%.

Formulas: Total CP = CP × Number of articles | Total SP = Total CP × (100 − Loss%) ÷ 100 | Loss% = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100

⇒ Total Cost Price (CP) = 3 × 500 = Rs. 1500.

⇒ Overall Selling Price (SP) = 1500 × (80 ÷ 100) = Rs. 1200.

⇒ SP of 1^st article = 500 × (112 ÷ 100) = Rs. 560.

⇒ SP of remaining 2 articles = 1200 − 560 = Rs. 640.

⇒ CP of remaining 2 articles = 2 × 500 = Rs. 1000.

⇒ Loss on 2 articles = 1000 − 640 = Rs. 360. Loss% = (360 ÷ 1000) × 100 = 36%.

∴ The correct answer is Loss of 36%.

Additional Information

Equal Cost Price Concept

When the Cost Price of multiple articles is the same, the overall profit or loss percentage is simply the arithmetic mean of the individual profit/loss percentages.

Weighted Average Formula

Overall % = (n₁p₁ + n₂p₂ + ...) ÷ (n₁ + n₂ + ...), where n is the number of articles and p is the profit/loss percentage.

Given:

x is the greatest number which when divides 6564, 7416, and 8907, the remainder in each case is the same.

Concept used:

HCF of two or more numbers is the greatest factor that divides the numbers.

Calculation:

If x is the greatest number which when divides 6564, 7416, and 8907 the remainder in each case is the same, then

7416 - 6564 = 852

8907 - 7416 = 1491

8907 - 6564 = 2343

Using the division-method, HCF (852, 1491, 2343) = 213

<br>

So, x = 213

Now, the sum of digits = 2 + 1 + 3 = 6

∴ The sum of digits of x is 6.

Shortcut Trick

Let CP = 100

SP = 140% × 75% × 84% = 88.2

Loss (100 - 88.2) units  = 590

11.8 units = 590

1 units = 50 

∴ SP = 50 × 88.2 = Rs. 4410

Alternate Method

Given:

The dealer marked the price of an item 40% above its cost price. 

He allowed two successive discounts of 25% and 16% to a particular customer.

He incurred a loss of Rs. 590.

Concept used:

Final discount percentage after two successive discounts of A% and B% = $(A + B - {AB \over 100})\%$

Selling Price = Cost Price - Loss

Selling price = Marked Price - Marked Price × Discount%

Marked Price = Cost Price + Cost Price × Rise%

Loss = Selling Price - Cost Price

Calculation:

Let the cost price of the item be 100p.

It's marked price = 100p + 100p × 40% = 140p

Final resultant discount = 25 + 16 - (25 × 16)/100 = 37%

It's selling price = 140p - 140p × 37% = 88.2p

Loss incurred = 100p - 88.2p = 11.8p

According to the question,

11.8p = 590

⇒ p = 590/11.8

⇒ p = 50

Now, it's selling price = 88.2 × 50 = Rs. 4410

∴ He sold the item to the said customer at Rs. 4410.

Given:

The average of some numbers is 37.

Each of $\frac{3}{5}$ of the numbers is increased by 7.

Each of the remaining is decreased by 9.

Concept used:

Total = Average × Number of entities

Calculation:

Let there be 5N numbers.

The sum of 5N numbers = 5N × 37 = 185N

After the increment, the sum of $\frac{3}{5}$ of the numbers = $\frac{3}{5}$ × 5N × (37 + 7) = 132N

Remaining numbers = 5N -  $\frac{3}{5}$ × 5N = 2N

After the decrement, the sum of 2N numbers = 2N × (37 - 9) = 56N

New total sum of 5N numbers = 132N + 56N = 188N

Now, the new average of the numbers = 188N/5N = 37.6

∴ The new average of the numbers, so obtained, is 37.6.

Given:

A can do a piece of work in 15 days working 6 hours per day and B can do it in 10 days working 5 hours per day. 

Concept used:

Total work = Efficiency of worker × Number of Hours × Number of days to finish

Calculation:

Let the efficiencies of A and B be M and N respectively.

Total work = 15 × 6 × M = 90M (Considering A's perspective)

According to the concept,

15 × 6 × M = 10 × 5 × N

⇒ 9M = 5N

⇒ N = 1.8M

Now, the time taken to complete the work by A and B working together for 9 hours per day

⇒ 90M ÷ 9(M + N)

⇒ 10M ÷ (M + 1.8M)

⇒ 10M ÷ 2.8M

⇒ $3 \frac{4}{7}$ days

∴ Working together for 9 hours per day A and B will take $3 \frac{4}{7}$ days to complete the work.

Shortcut Trick

Sita's percentage = 756 ÷ 9 = 84%

Avi's target marks = 84% of 500 = 420 marks

Marks required to reach target = 420 − 350 = 70 marks

∴ The correct answer is 70 marks.

Alternate Method

Given:

Sita's marks = 756 out of 900

Avi's marks = 350 out of 500

Formula Used:

Percentage = (Obtained Marks ÷ Total Marks) × 100

Calculations:

⇒ Sita's score percentage = (756 ÷ 900) × 100 = 84%

⇒ To make his score percentage equivalent to Sita, Avi must also score 84%.

⇒ Avi's target marks = 84% of 500

⇒ Avi's target marks = (84 ÷ 100) × 500 = 420 marks

⇒ Current marks of Avi = 350 marks

⇒ Marks Avi needs to score more = 420 − 350 = 70 marks

∴ The correct answer is 70 marks.

Additional Information

Percentage Formula

Percentage is calculated as the ratio of a specific value to the total value, multiplied by 100. Formula: (Value ÷ Total Value) × 100%.

Finding Value from Percentage

If a percentage is given, the specific value can be found by multiplying the percentage by the total base value. Formula: Value = (Percentage × Total Value) ÷ 100.

Base of Percentage

When comparing percentages of two different totals, the absolute values will differ even if the percentages are the same. The base refers to the denominator or total quantity.

Given:

The speed of a train is 80 km/h.

The train travelled from 10.20 a.m. to 1.50 p.m.

Concept used:

1 hour = 60 minutes

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

Time duration between 10.20 a.m to 1.50 p.m. = 3.5 hours

Now, the travelled distance = 80 × 3.5 = 280 km

∴ The distance travelled by it from 10.20 a.m. to 1.50 p.m. is 280 km.

Given:

A sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs. 750 in 5 years and to Rs. 800 in 6 years.

Concept used:

Simple interest incurred on a sum is equal in every year.

Calculation:

Simple interest per year = 800 - 750 = Rs. 50

Simple interest incurred in 5 years = 5 × 5 = Rs. 250

So, the principal amount = 750 - 250 = Rs. 500

∴ The sum is Rs. 500.

Given:

Seema and Geeta start at the same time to ride from place A to place B, which is 90 km away from A.

Seema travels 3 km per hour slower than Geeta.

Geeta reaches place B and at once turns back, meeting Seema 15 km from place B.

Concept used:

Time × Speed = Distance

Calculation:

Let the speed of Seema be K km/h.

Speed of Geeta = (K + 3) km/h

Let AB be the distance between Place A and B and M be the meeting point of Seema and Geeta.

According to the question,

BM = 15 km

AM = (90 - 15) = 75 km

Seema travelled total = 75 km

In the same time, Geeta travelled total = 90 + 15 = 105 km

According to the question,

105/(K + 3) = 75/K

⇒ 7/(K + 3) = 5/K

⇒ 7K = 5K + 15

⇒ 7K - 5K = 15

⇒ 2K = 15

⇒ K = 7.5

Now, Geeta's speed = 7.5 + 3 = 10.5 km/h

∴ Geeta's speed is 10.5 km/h.

Given:

The measure of the diagonal of the square is 2.6m.

Concept used:

√2 = 1.414

Diagonal of a square = (Side)√2 unit

Area of a square = (Side)² square unit

Calculation:

Let the measure of each side of the square be A meter.

According to the concept,

⇒ A√2 = 2.6

⇒ A = 2.6/√2

⇒ A ≈ 1.84

Now, the area of the square = 1.84² ≈ 3.38 m²

∴ The area of the square is 3.38 m².

Shortcut Trick A : B = 4/15 : 2/5

A : B = 4 : 6 

(A + B),10 units = 4655

1 units = 465.5 

Amount of B = 4655 - (465.5 × 6) = 4655 - 2793 = Rs.1862.

Alternate Method 

Given:

A and B together have Rs. 4,655.

$\frac{4}{15}$ of A's amount is equal to $\frac{2}{5}$ of B's amount.

Calculation:

Let A has Rs. P and B has Rs. (4655 - P).

According to the question,

$\frac{4}{15}$ of P = $\frac{2}{5}$ of (4655 - P)

⇒ 2P/3 = (4655 - P)

⇒ 2P = 13965 - 3P

⇒ 2P + 3P = 13965

⇒ 5P = 13965

⇒ P = 2793

Now, B's amount = (4655 - 2793) = Rs. 1862

∴ B's amount is Rs. 1862.

Given:

P ∶ Q = 2 ∶ 3

Calculation:

Let P and Q be 2a and 3a respectively.

(2P + Q) ∶ (5P - 3Q)

⇒ (2 × 2a + 3a) : (5 × 2a - 3 × 3a)

⇒ (4a + 3a) : (10a - 9a)

⇒ 7a : a

⇒ 7 : 1

∴ The value of (2P + Q) ∶ (5P - 3Q) is 7 : 1.

The correct answer is "Stable".

Key Points

• Transaction means a deal that takes place between people.
• Stable means capable of lasting or likely to do so or firmly established.
• Stable is the most appropriate option that can be substituted.

Additional Information

• Rickety means lacking rigidity or stability.
• Auspicious means that appears to have a successful future.
• Stalwart means always devoted to the same profession, group, etc.

The correct answer is "for the edge of the cliff".

Key Points

• "for the edge of the cliff" is the incorrect segment that contains grammatical error.
• The correct sentence would be:
• ​ The children were warned to keep away of the cliff. ​​​

Additional Information

• When a set of words are written down, a sentence is one that starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark.
• The majority of sentences have a subject and a verb.
• The biggest independent grammatical unit is a sentence.

The correct answer is "accordance with". 

Key Points

• The term "accordance with" denotes agreement with or conformance to a source of authority, rules, or guidelines.
• It introduces the idea of obedience in more formal settings.
• The sentence would be:
• He acted in accordance with to my instructions.​

Additional Information

• Acorder, which means "bring to an agreement," is the Old French root of the word accordance.
• When two things are in harmony, they work well together.
• The word "in accordance with" frequently refers to accordance, like when you tell your younger brother to "act in accordance with my wishes, or face the consequences!"
• It's most frequently used to demonstrate compliance with laws or norms.

The correct answer is "Dense".

Key Points

• A word that has the opposite meaning from another word is called an antonym.
• An example of an antonym is hot and cold, as well as good and bad.
• Similarly, the antonym of Sparse is Dense.

Additional Information

• The antonym of Clear is Unclear.
• The antonym of Extra is Scarce.
• The antonym of Thin is Fat.

The correct answer is "as well".

Key Points

• The segment,"as well" contains a grammatical error.
• The correct sentence would be:
• ​Tagore was a poet as well as a patriot.​

Additional Information

• A sentence is a group of words that stands alone and is composed of:
• main clause and, on occasion,
• one or more auxiliary clauses.
• Sentences normally have a subject and a predicate and communicate a statement, question, exclamation, or command.

The correct answer is "Pack".

Key Points

• The correct sentence would be:
• In the jungle, he saw a pack of wolves.
• ​A collective noun is a noun that denotes a particular group or collective—of individuals, creatures, objects, etc.
• Even if they relate to a group of things, collective nouns are typically not considered as plural.

Additional Information

• A bunch of keys.
• Grove of trees.
• Herd of sheep.

The correct answer is "Despise". 

Key Points

• Spurn: To reject with disdain or contempt. (तिरस्कार या घृणा के साथ अस्वीकार करना।)
• For Example: He spurned the offer to join the new project because he didn't agree with the company's policies.
• Despise: To feel contempt or a deep repugnance for. (घृणा या तिरस्कार करना।)
• For Example: She despises dishonesty in all its forms.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Additional Information

• Option 2: Include (शामिल करना)-To make someone or something part of a group or set.
• For Example: The committee decided to include more community members in the planning process.
• Option 3: Admire (प्रशंसा करना) -To regard with respect or warm approval.
• For Example: I admire her dedication to environmental causes.
• Option 4: Gossip (गपशप)- Casual or unconstrained conversation or reports about other people, typically involving details that are not confirmed as true.
• For Example: They spent the afternoon gossiping about their neighbors.

The correct answer is "clean the air".

Key Points

• The correct sentence would be:
• ​Tress clean the air and remove polluted gases.
• ​The speaking sound known as a vowel is produced when the airflow from the lungs is only slightly restricted.
• There are different positions and heights for the tongue in the mouth, including high, mid, and low (front, central, or back).
• There are different ways to round the lips.

Additional Information

• There are a total of twenty-six letters in our English alphabet.
• Only five of our letters—the letters a, e, i, o, and u—are vowels.
• Vowels are a crucial component of our language since without them, speaking would be difficult.
• Our letters primarily consist of consonants.
• All letters that are not vowels are referred to as consonants.
• The letters b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, and z are among them.

The correct answer is "Horde".

Key Points

• A large group of people is called as Horde.
• Example:
• ​The White House's lawn was horde with reporters who were waiting.

Additional Information

• A high number of animals that coexist and have a common diet is called as herd.
• A group of birds or sheep is called as flock.
• A  company of lions or large birds like peacocks or ostriches is called as pride.

The correct answer is "Withdraw".

Key Points

• A word that has the opposite meaning from another word is called an antonym.
• An amount kept in a bank account is known as a deposit.
• A withdrawal is the act of taking money out of a bank account.
• Therefore, withdraw is the antonym of deposit.

Additional Information

• The antonym of save is waste.
• The antonym of exhaust is refresh.
• The antonym of submit is deny.

The correct answer is "Disobediaent".

Key Points

• The word "Disobediaent" is correctly spelt as Disobedient.
• Disobedient means refusing to follow through with orders.
• Example:
• He is a disobedient boy. ​

Additional Information​

• Disapprove means to believe someone or something to be bad, dumb, etc.
• Proportionate means in equal proportion.
• Overreact means to react excessively, especially in response to something unpleasant.