SSC GD Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 23rd November 2021 Shift 1)

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Clearly, Rampal is the father of Harsh.

Hence, ‘Father’ is the correct answer.

The faces opposite to each other are shown below:

⇒ As the alternate positions becomes opposite to each other and the remaining two faces becomes opposite to each other.

So, opposite pairs are:

• One dot → Two dots
• Three dots → Five dots
• Four dots → Six dots

Therefore,

• Option(1) → 

• Five dots faces three dots, so it does not face four dots

• Option(2) → 

• One dot faces two dots , so it does not face four dots

• Option(3) →

• Three dots faces five dots, so it does face four dots

• Option (4) →

• Six dots faces four dots

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given combination when mirror is placed at PQ is as shown below:

Detailed Explanation:

• The line PQ is the mirror
• The arrow outside the box '

' is on the right side of the box but should be on the left side of the box  ⇒ Option 1 is eliminated.

• The arrow outside the box '

' is same as in the original figure '

' but should be '

' ⇒ Option 3 is eliminated..

• The arrow inside the box '

' is upside down '

' but should be same as in the original figure i.e '

' ⇒ Option 4 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (2)".

The logic followed here is:

Second and fifth letters of the word are coded according to the equivalent opposite letter of a particular letter of the word.

Similarly,

Hence, 'DLGJVR' is the correct answer.

The Venn diagram that best represents the relationship between Entrance test, Questions, and Practice test is shown below:

Both Entrance Test and Practice Test are made up of a number of different questions.

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

Explanation :

• Number of persons - 6 i.e Gopi, Sheela, Ravali, Sarayu, Hina and Giri
• They are standing in a row facing to the north.

​1) Hina is third from the back of the row 

2) There are two persons between Sheela and Hina

3) Only one person is standing ahead of Gopi 

4) Giri is between Gopi and Hina.

5) Ravali is between Hina and Sarayu.

Thus , from the final arrangement Gopi and Giri are the two persons who are standing between Sheela and Hina.

Hence, "Gopi and Giri" is the correct answer.

The image embedded in given figure is as shown below:

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

According to given figure:

The figure will appear when it is opened as follows:

Hence, "Option - (3)" is the correct answer.

According to the sequence in the dictionary.

4. Stuffy
5. Stumble
6. Stumpy
7. Stung
8. Stupor

Hence, the correct answer is "4 ,2, 1, 5, 3".

The logic followed here is:

• 'Resistance' is related to 'Ohm' → Ohm is the SI unit of Resistance.

Similarly,

• 'Force' is related to '______________' → Newton is the SI unit of Force.

Hence, 'Newton' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Column-wise Logic: 2 (2nd Number - 1st Number) = 3rd Number - 2nd Number

Column 1:

2 x (5 - 4) = 7 - 5

⇒ 2 × 1 = 2 

Column 2:

2 x (13 - 10) = 19 - 13

⇒ 2 × 3 = 6

Similarly,

Column 3:

2 x (13 - 9) =  ? - 13

⇒2 × 4 = ? - 13

⇒8 = ? - 13

⇒8 + 13 = ?

⇒21 = ?

Hence, '21' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: First Number × 2 + Second Number - (Second Number ÷ 2) = Third Number

• 5 + 8 = 14 → 5 × 2 + 8 - (8 ÷ 2) = 10 + 8 - 4 = 18 - 4 = 14
• 9 + 6 = 21 → 9 × 2 + 6 - (6 ÷ 2) = 18 + 6 - 3 = 24 - 3 = 21
• 4 + 10 = 13 → 4 × 2 + 10 - (10 ÷ 2) = 8 + 10 - 5 = 18 - 5 = 13

Similarly,

• 7 + 2 = ? → 7 × 2 + 2 - (2 ÷ 2) = 14 + 2 - 1 = 16 - 1 = 15

Hence, '15' is the correct answer.

Explanation :

• Number of person = 6
• They are sitting in a row facing north.

​1) Mehar is sitting at the west end.

2) One person is sitting between Gaurav and Mehar. 

3) Nidhi is sitting to the left of only Sia.

4) Two persons are sitting between Ansh and Nidhi - After positioning Ansh there is only position left which will be occupied by the only person left i.e Rakshit.

5) Rakshit is sitting towards the right of Ansh - This condition is automatically fulfilled according to the previous condition.

Thus, according to the final arrangement Rakshit is sitting at the third place from the east end.

Hence, "Rakshit" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

1. JKUS → J + 1 = K; K + 10 = U; U - 2 = S
2. LMWU → L + 1 = M; M + 10 = W; W - 2 = U
3. DEOM → D + 1 = E; E + 10 = O; O - 2 = M
4. PQZY → P + 1 = Q; Q + 10 = A; A - 2 = Y

Hence, 'PQZY' is the odd one out.

Logic :

• Random digits have been assigned to each letter.

So,

• TAILOR is coded as 538490

​

• LAND is coded as 4367

​

Similarly, 

• DRAIN is coded as : As the letter 'A' is repeated in both words TAILOR and LAND, which is coded as '3'. Therefore rest of the letter's code will be same encircled above.

​

Hence, "70386" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, '29' is the correct answer.

The figure from among the given options that can replace the question mark (?) in the following figure and complete the pattern is shown below:

Hence, 'option 3' is the correct answer.

Logic :

• In first three letters of the word - (1)
• In last three letter of the word + (1)

So,

• PRINCE is coded as :

​

Similarly, 

• BUDGET is coded as :

​

Hence, "ATCHFU" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :

Hence, "4096" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :

• Square of the first number = Second number

​So,

• 15 : 225

⇒ $(15)^2$ = 225

⇒ 225 = 225 (LHS = RHS)

Similarly,

• 24 : ?

⇒ $(24)^2$ = 576

Hence, "576" is the correct answer.

Given sequence: S O _ _ T A S _ _ A T A _ _ N A T _ _ O N A _ _

1. NAONSOTASA → S O N A T A - S O N A T A - S O N A T T - A O N A S A
2. NAONSOASTA → S O N A T A - S O N A T A - S O N A T A - S O N A T A
3. NAONSOSATA → S O N A T A - S O N A T A - S O N A T S - A O N A T A
4. NAONSOASON → S O N A T A - S O N A T A - S O N A T A - S O N A O N

• In option 2, SONATA is repeated.

Hence, 'NAONSOASTA' is the correct answer.

Logic : Each letter's position value + (2) , then reverse the order.

So,

• BEARD is coded as :

​

Similarly, 

• CROWN is coded as :

​

Hence, "PYQTE" is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram is:

Conclusions:

I. No tumbler is a spoon. → Do not follow (As, there is no definite relation between tumbler and spoon, hence false)

II. No plate is a spoon. → Do not follow (As, Some spoons are plates)

III. Some tumblers are spoons. → Do not follow (As, there is no definite relation between tumbler and spoon, hence false)

Conclusion I and III are complementary to each other, so either conclusion I or III is true.

Hence, Either conclusion I or conclusion III follows.

According to the question,

So,

1) 36M18N36R18T36A58 

⇒ 36 ÷ 18 × 36 + 18 - 36 = 58

⇒ 2 × 36 + 18 - 36 = 58

⇒ 72 + 18 - 36 = 58 

⇒ 90 - 36 = 58

⇒ 54 ≠ 58 (LHS ≠ RHS)

2) 36M18N36R18T36A54

⇒ 36 ÷ 18 × 36 + 18 - 36 = 54

⇒ 2 × 36 + 18 - 36 = 54

⇒ 72 + 18 - 36 = 54

⇒ 90 - 36 = 54

⇒ 54 = 54 (LHS = RHS)

3) 36N18R36M18T36A54

⇒ 36 × 18 + 36 ÷ 18 - 36 = 54

⇒ 36 × 18 + 2 - 36 = 54

⇒ 648 + 2 - 36 = 54

⇒ 650 - 36 = 54

⇒ 614 ≠ 54 (LHS ≠ RHS)

4) 36A18T36N18R36M54

⇒ 36 = 18 - 36 × 18 + 36 ÷ 54

⇒ 36 = 18 - 36 × 18 + 0.67

⇒ 36 = 18 - 648 + 0.67

⇒ 36 = 18 - 647.33

⇒ 36 ≠ - 629.33 ( LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (2)" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, 'KSX' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Schizophrenia.

Key Points

• Schizophrenia is a disorder that affects a person's ability to think, feel and behave clearly.
• It is a disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally.
• It causes psychosis and may affect all areas of life including personal, family and social.
• Its symptoms are the person may hear, smell, see, touch, or feel things that are not present.
• It may affect speech, restricted experience and expression of emotions.
• There is no cure for it but treatment with medications and psychosocial therapy can help manage the condition.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Saurabh Lodha.

Key Points

• Saurabh Lodha is a professor at IIT Bombay.
• He is from Electrical engineering.
• The Award was given by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India for his contribution to the development of logic transistor technologies.​
• The technologies were based on silicon and nanoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional Van der Waals materials.
• This invention helps to perform tasks faster and consumes less power from electronic devices.

Additional Information

• The Department of Science and Technology (DST) is a department within the Ministry of Science and Technology in India.
• It was founded in the year 1971.
• Its headquarter is in New Delhi.
• As of August 2022, Dr Srivari Chandrasekhar is the Secretary of DST.

The correct answer is Arunachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• The Census is the collecting, compiling, analyzing and disseminating of demographic, economic and social data on basis of population.
• It is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs.
• Its significance is in providing administration, planning, demarcation of constituency and policy-making to the government.
• According to the census of 2011, Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest population density in India.
• Arunachal Pradesh has a population density of 17 persons per sq km as per the census 2011.

Additional Information

• Population density is the number of people per square km in a geographical area.
• 1st census was conducted in 1872 by Viceroy Lord Mayo.
• Census 2021 was postponed owing to the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Important Points As per the 2011 census

• Bihar has the highest population density in India.
• Uttar Pradesh is the highest populous state.
• Sikkim is the less populous state.
• Kerala has the highest sex ratio and Haryana with lowest sex ratio.

The correct answer is Virat Kohli.

Key Points

• Virat Kohli was born on 5 November 1988 in Delhi.
• He made his international debut on 18 August 2008 against Sri Lanka.
• He also captained the India Under-19 Cricket World Cup-winning team.
• As of November 2020, he has become the fastest batsman to reach 22,000 International runs in 462 innings.
• He surpassed Sachin Tendulkar, Brian Lara, and Ricky Ponting who took 493, 511, and 514 innings to score 22,000 runs.
• He has won Arjuna Award (2013), Padma Shri (2017) and Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award (2018).

Additional Information

• As of September 2021, Virat Kohli also became the fastest cricketer to reach 23000 international runs in 490 innings.
• His international awards - the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (ICC Men's Cricketer of the Decade) in 2011–2020, Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (ICC Cricketer of the Year) in 2017 and ICC ODI Player of the Year in 2012 and 2018.
• As of August 2022, he became become the first Indian and the second player overall in international cricket history to have played 100 matches each in all three formats of the game.

Important Points 

The correct answer is 1510**.**

Key Points

• Conquest of Goa by the Portuguese 
• With the aid of Krishnadev Raya (ruler of the Vijaynagar empire), Afonso de Albuquerque defeated Ismail Adil Shah, the Sultan of Bijapur, and captured Goa in 1510 AD.
• He is also credited with ending the Sati tradition in Goa.
• Goa was officially taken over by the Portuguese and Albuquerque on February 17, 1510, with no resistance
• Under penalty of death, Albuquerque reaffirmed that the city was not to be taken over and that its citizens were not to be injured.
• Timoji's intelligence of the enemy's preparations was confirmed when the Portuguese discovered more than 100 horses belonging to the ruler of Bijapur, 25 elephants, and partially finished new ships within the city.
• Goa served as the principal Portuguese base in the East for four and a half centuries and eventually became the capital of the Portuguese East Indies and Portuguese Indian territories.

Additional Information 

• History of Goa 
• Despite being the geographically smallest state in India, Goa has a lengthy and varied history.
• With regard to colonial influences and a multicultural aesthetic, it has many similarities to Indian history.
• During the Iron Age, Goa was governed by the Mauryan and Satavahana Empires.
• The Kadamba dynasty, the Vijayanagara Empire, the Bahmani Sultanate, and the Bijapur Sultanate all ruled over Goa during the Middle Ages.
• After a 36-hour fight, India conquered Goa in 1961 and seized it.
• In 1987, Goa received statehood as a result of the Konkani language agitation.
• Among the Indian states, Goa has one of the highest Human Development Index and GDP per capita.

The correct answer is India.

Key Points

• World Malaria Report 2020 is released by the World Health Organization.
• It gives the estimated cases of malaria across the world, based on mathematical projections.
• India has made considerable progress in reducing malaria and is the only high endemic country which has reported a decline of 17.6% in 2019.
• There is a reduction in malaria morbidity by 83.34% in India.
• There is the largest drop in cases of malaria region-wide in India.

Additional Information About Malaria

• It is caused by a parasite that is transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
• It is a single-celled parasite named the genus Plasmodium.
• Common symptoms of malaria are chills, fever and sweating.

Important Points About WHO

• It was founded in 1948.
• It is one of the United Nation specialized agencies for Health.
• Its headquarter is in Geneva, Switzerland.
• Its objective is to act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work.

The correct answer is Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Key Points

• Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a great social reformer and educationist who provided exemplary leadership to India's freedom movement.
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale worked towards social empowerment, expansion of education, and struggle for freedom in India for three decades and rejected the use of reactionary or revolutionary ways.
• Between 1899 and 1902, Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a member of the Bombay Legislative Council followed by work at the Imperial Legislative Council from 1902 to 1915.
• At the Imperial legislature, Gokhale played a key role in framing the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909.
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale was associated with the Moderate Group of the Indian National Congress (joined in 1889).
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale was also associated with the Sarvajanik Sabha journal started by Govind Ranade.
• In 1908, Gokhale founded the Ranade Institute of Economics.
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale started an English weekly newspaper, The Hitavada (The people's paper).
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale became president of INC in 1905 in the Banaras session.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak called Gopal Krishna Gokhale the diamond of India.
• Gokhale was the political guru of Mahatma Gandhi.

Additional Information

• Bipin Chandra Pal(1858-1932).
• Bipin Chandra Pal was the main architect of the Swadeshi Movement.
• He stood against The Partition of Bengal.
• He was known as the “Father of Revolutionary Thoughts”
• He worked with Lala Lajpat Rai and Bal Gangadhar Tilak Hence known as “Lal-Bal-Pal.
• He was also known as Bengal Tiger.
• He preached the use of Swadeshi and the Boycott of foreign goods to eradicate poverty.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak(1856-1920).
• ​Bal Gangadhar Tilak raised the slogan, “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it!”.
• The word Swarajya was first coined by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
• He was also known as Lokmanya Tilak.
• He established a prominent organization Deccan Education Society to promote modern learning.
• He also established Fergusson College in Pune.
• He along with Annie Besant played an important role during Home Rule Movement(1916-18).
• Kesari and Mahratta were the two newspapers started by; Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
• Lala Lajpat Rai(1865-1928).
• He was born in Punjab, Also known by ‘Punjab Kesari’.
• He was influenced by Swami Dayananda Saraswati and joined the Arya Samaj in Lahore.
• Along with Bipin Chandra Pal and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, he formed the Lal-Bal-Pal trio of extremist leaders.
• He Fought against untouchability.
• Lala Lajpat Rai Founded the Servants of People Society in 1921.
• Lala Lajpat Rai Founded Arya Gazette.
• Lala Lajpat Rai founded the Home Rule League of America in 1917 in New York.
• Mahatma Gandhi(1869-1948).
• Mahatma Gandhi, by name of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, (was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India.
• Mahatma Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the leader of the nationalist movement against the British rule of India.
• Mahatma Gandhi came to be considered the father of India.
• Mahatma Gandhi was known for his non-violence protest and was a leading figure in freedom movements.
• Mahatma Gandhi's important movements, Champaran Satyagraha (1917), Non-Cooperation Movement (1920, Civil-Disobedience Movement (1930), and Quit India Movement (1942).

The correct answer is 1980.

Key Points

• Bharatiya Janta Party was founded by Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani in 1980.
• It succeeded the Bhartiya Jan Sangh which was formed by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee in 1951.
• Its aim is to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from ancient culture and values.
• They believe in the ideas of Deen Dayal Upadhyay of integral humanism and Antyodaya.
• It promotes cultural nationalism (or ‘Hindutva).
• Party's goal is to full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India, a uniform civil code and a ban on religious conversions.
• It has a symbol of the Lotus.
• As of August 2022, it is the ruling party in India with Narendra Modi as its Prime Minister.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Ranjitsinh Disale.

Key Points

• Ranjitsinh Disale, a primary school teacher from Solapur, Maharashtra.
• Global Teacher Prize 2020 for his efforts to promote girls’ education and kickstart a QR-coded textbook revolution in India.
• Ranjitsinh Disale started teaching at the school in 2009.
• The curriculum was not even in the girls’ main language, Kannada, Ranjitsinh Disale moved to the village, learned the language and translated the class textbooks.

 Additional Information

• The Global Teacher Prize is an annual US$1 million award by the Varkey Foundation.
• The Global Teacher Prize is for a teacher who has made an outstanding contribution to the profession.
• The Global Teacher Prize started in 2015.
• Ranjitsinh Disale is the first Indian who won the Global Teacher Award.​

The correct answer is Virat Kohli.

Key Points

• Virat Kohli was born on 5 November 1988 in Delhi.
• He made his international debut on 18 August 2008 against Sri Lanka.
• He also captained the India Under-19 Cricket World Cup-winning team.
• He became the fastest cricketer to score 12000 ODI runs surpassing Sachin Tendulkar.
• He has won Arjuna Award (2013), Padma Shri (2017) and Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award (2018).

Additional Information 

• As of September 2021, Virat Kohli also became the fastest cricketer to reach 23000 international runs in 490 innings.
• His international awards - the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (ICC Men's Cricketer of the Decade) in 2011–2020, Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (ICC Cricketer of the Year) in 2017 and ICC ODI Player of the Year in 2012 and 2018.
• As of August 2022, he became become the first Indian and the second player overall in international cricket history to have played 100 matches each in all three formats of the game.

Important Points 

The correct answer is Ergocalciferol.

Key Points

• Ergocalciferol is an inactivated Vitamin D Analog.
• Ergocalciferol is synthesized by some plants in the presence of UVB light.
• The production of ergocalciferol was prompted by the identification of dietary deficiency, more specifically vitamin D, as the main causative factor for the development of rickets.
• Ergocalciferol was isolated for the first time from yeast in 1931 and its structure was elucidated in 1932.
• Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)-d6 , chemical formula ,C28H44O.

Additional Information

• Tocopherol-Vitamin E (also known as tocopherol or alpha-tocopherol).
• Vitamin activity was first identified in 1936 from a dietary fertility factor in rats.
• Thiamine, also known as vitamin B₁.
• Thiamine helps to turn food into energy to keep the nervous system healthy.
• Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is used to prevent or treat low levels of vitamin C in people who do not get enough of the vitamin from their diets.
• Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus and other fruits and vegetables.
• 1930's, Albert Szent-Györgyi discovered the chemical ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C.

The correct answer is Salt.

Key Points

• The neutralization reaction is the reaction between an acid and a base where both neutralise the effect of each other.
• In this reaction, heat is always produced, or evolved.
• In the neutralisation reaction, a new substance is formed is called salt.
• Acid+Base → Salt+Water (Heat is evolved)
• For example - Hydrochloric acid (HCl) + Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) →Sodium chloride (NaCl) + Water (H2O).

Additional Information

The correct answer is Baneshwar festival.

Key Points

• Baneshwar fair is a popular tribal fair organized in the Dungarpur district in the state of Rajasthan, India.
• The fair is held in the month of February at Baneshwar, a small delta formed by the Som river away from Dungarpur.
• The temple is located in a delta formed by the Som River.
• It is a festival of tribals and tribes from neighbouring states like Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh who join this festival to worship Lord Shiva.
• The Baneshwar fair is organized from Magh Shukla Ekadashi to Magh Shukla Purnima in a small delta formed between Som and Mahi Rivers.

Additional Information

• Mariamman festival(Tamil Nadu).
• ​Mariamman is a goddess associated more broadly with her powers to both cause diseases and heals people from disease.
• This three-night festival as the goddess is carried on a palanquin through the streets of Madurai to the banks of the Vagai River.
• Sarhul festival(Jharkhand).​
• Sarhul festival is the most popular tribal celebration across the Jharkhand region.
• It is celebrated by the tribal communities of the local Sarna religion, most notably by the Munda, Ho, and Oraon tribes.
• It is celebrated at the beginning of spring every year in the first month of the Hindu calendar, on the third day of the moon or the fortnight of ‘Chaitra’.
• Tulip Festival(Jammu and Kashmir).
• This festival is being organized by the Department of Floriculture in collaboration with the Department of Tourism.
• A host of activities, including cultural shows and musical evenings, are being held during the festival.

The correct answer is ₹ 5 lakhs.

Key Points

• This is the first time since 1993 that the deposit insurance coverage has been raised.
• In May 1993, deposit insurance cover was increased to Rs 1 lakh from Rs 30,000.
• The Indian Union Budget 2020-21 announced that the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) has been permitted to increase deposit insurance coverage to Rs. 5 lakh per depositor from Rs. 1 lakh previously.
• If a customer’s deposit amount crosses Rs 5 lakh in a single bank, only up to Rs 5 lakh, including the principal and interest, will be paid by the DICGC if the bank turns bankrupt.​

Additional Information

• The union budget of India was introduced on 1 February 2020 by Finance Minister Nirmala  Sitharaman.
• The  budget is woven around three prominent themes
• ​​Aspirational India.
• Economic Development.
• Caring Society.
• ​It was the second budget presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman.
• In the Union Budget of  India;2020, the largest allocation is given to the defence sector.
• The Ministry of Defence received an allocation of  Rs  4,71,378 Crores which is 15% of the total budget expenditure of the central government.
• The Union Budget of India is also referred to as the Annual Financial Statement in Article 112 of the Constitution of India.

Important Points

• Independent India's first budget was presented on November 26, 1947, by the then Finance Minister RK Shanmukham Chetty.
• Sitharaman holds the record for delivering the longest speech when she spoke for 2 hours and 42 minutes while presenting the Union Budget 2020-21.
• The covid-19 pandemic turned the Budget for 2021-22 paperless - a first in Independent India.
• In 2019, Sitharaman became the second woman to have presented the budget after Indira Gandhi.

The correct answer is Copper.

Key Points

• Punch-marked coins are made up of silver and copper.
• They are also known as Aahat coins.
• They are classified into two groups local and universal.
• Local punched marked coins carry one to four symbols depending upon their location and size.
• Universal punched marked coins carry five symbols and are mainly issued by Magadh Dynasty.
• The coins were 1st introduced by Janapadas and Mahajanapadas of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
• They are created by hammering with the help of punches and dies.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Guru Angad.

Key Points

• Guru Angad​ was born in a Trehan (sub-caste of Khatri) family.
• Guru Angad was born at Mate Di Sarai in Punjab on March 31, 1504, father Pheru Mal was a trader.
• Guru Angad was the second guru of sikhs.
• Guru Angad is known for standardising the Gurumukhi script of the Punjabi language.

Additional Information

• Guru Nanak(1469-1539).
• ​Guru Nanak was the founder of the Sikhism religion.
• Bedi is a well-known Khatri clan in India and, Guru Nanak Dev was born into this clan.
• Born- April 15, 1469.
• Place of Birth: Rai Bhoi Ki Talwandi (present-day Punjab, Pakistan).
• Children: Sri Chand and Lakhmi Das.
• Date of Death: September 22, 1539(Kartarpur (present-day Pakistan).
• Guru Teg Bahadur.
• The ninth of ten Gurus in the Sikh faith was Guru Tegh Bahadur.
• Born 1621 in Amritsar and Hargobind's(the sixth guru) youngest son.
• In 1675, under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed in Delhi on 24 November.
• The nation commemorated the 400th Parkash Purab of Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, the ninth Sikh Guru, on 1 May 2021.
• Guru Arjan Dev.
• Born-15 April 1563, Goindwal Sahib.
• Guru Arjan Dev was the fifth guru of Sikhs.
• Guru Arjan Dev laid the foundation of Harmandar Sahib (Golden Temple) in Amritsar.
• Guru Arjan Dev also wrote the text Sukhmani Sahi.
• Guru Arjan Dev died after being tortured for five days by the Mughal government led by Emperor Jahangir on June 16, 1606.
• Guru Mukhi-Gurmukhi alphabet is a writing system developed by the Sikhs in India for their sacred literature.​​​

The correct answer is India.

Key Points

• The first time that a Summit-level Meeting will be held under India’s Chairmanship.
• Prior to the creation of SCO in 2001, Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan were members of the Shanghai Five.
• The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic and security organization.
• Shanghai Five (1996) emerged from a series of border demarcation and demilitarization talks which the four former Soviet republics held with China to ensure stability along the borders.
• India and Pakistan joined on 9 June 2017 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).
• The official working language of the SCO Secretariat is Russian and Chinese.​

Additional Information

As for August 29.

The correct answer is the third-largest.

Key Points

• The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering 70,560,000 km².
• The deepest point in the Indian Ocean, at 24,442 feet (7,450 meters).
• The deepest point in the Indian Ocean is the Sunda Deep of the Java Trench off the southern coast of the island of Java (Indonesia).
• The Indian Ocean has relatively few islands Madagascar, Maldives, Seychelles, Socotra, and Sri Lanka.
• The Indian Ocean Covers 20% of the Earth's Surface.
• The Ocean through 57 island groups,16 African countries and,18 Asian countries is connected directly through its waters.
• The Indian Ocean Oil Deposit Accounts for 40% of World Production.

Additional Information

• The Pacific Ocean.
• The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.
• The Pacific Ocean is a body of salt water extending from the Antarctic region in the south to the Arctic in the north and lying between The continents of Asia and Australia on the west and North America and South America on the east.
• The Mariana Trench, in the western North Pacific Ocean, is the deepest trench on Earth.
• The Ring of Fire is a region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.
• The Atlantic Ocean.
• The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about 106,460,000 km².
• maximum depth of 27,493 feet (8,380 meters) in the Puerto Rico Trench, north of the island of Puerto Rico.
• ​The Arctic Ocean.
• ​The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans.
• The Arctic Ocean is centred approximately on the North Pole, The ocean is almost completely encircled by the landmasses of North America, Eurasia, and Greenland.

The correct answer is Kapil Dev.

Key Points

• Kapil Dev was the 1st captain to win two test matches in England in 1986.
• He was also the 1st captain to win the world cup for India in 1983.
• He is also known as the "Haryana Hurricane".
• He made his debut in international cricket on October 16, 1978, against Pakistan.
• Virat Kohli is now the 2nd captain to win two test matches in England.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is chikankari.

Key Points

• It is very intricate and delicate threadwork done on the muslin clothes originally.
• Nowadays the work is being used to decorate a wide variety of fabrics.
• There are many views regarding the origin of this embroidery style:
• Some believe that it originated in Persia and was taught to Indians by a Persian trader.
• Other sources state that the art has been mentioned in accounts of Magasthenes which date back to the 3rd century BC, hence it originated in India only.
• Meanwhile, Noor Jahan, the queen of Jahangir is also accredited with the introduction of Chikankari to India.

Additional Information

• Phulkari –
• ​It was first originated in Punjab.
• It is usually done on the chaddar or shawls.
• The word Phulkari itself means ‘flower work’ or a bed of flowers.
• It is mainly a domestic craft, executed by the girls and ladies of the household and sometimes by women servants under their directions.
• The embroidery is done on coarse cotton or khaddar material with untwisted silk floss called pat.
• Kashida kari.
• The Kashida motifs used to create this type of embroidery include images inspired by nature.
• such as vines, birds, leaves and flowers and this is one of the defining aspects of Kashida embroidery.
• Zardoji.
• Zardozi - It is a type of heavy and elaborate metal embroidery on silk, satin, or velvet fabric base.
• The centres of Zardozi art are Lucknow, Bhopal, Delhi, Agra, Kashmir, Ajmer, and Chennai.

The correct answer is India and Bangladesh.

Key Points

• Feni bridge also known as Maitri Setu is constructed between India and Bangladesh.
• It is a 1.9km long bridge connecting Sabroom (in Tripura) with Ramgarh (in Bangladesh).
• It is constructed on river feni.
• National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd have constructed a bridge.
• The bridge symbolises the strong bilateral relations between India and Bangladesh.

Additional Information About Feni River

• It originates in the South Tripura district.
• It flows through Sabroom town on the Indian side and Ramgarh on the Bangladesh side.
• It drains into the Bay of Bengal.

India- Bangladesh relations

• The Railway link between Haldibari (India) and Chilahati (Bangladesh) and the train name is Maitree Express.
• Kolkata-Dhaka-Agartala Bus Service was launched in 2015.
• Joint exercises of the Army (Exercise Sampriti) and Navy (Exercise Milan).
• Protocol on Inland Water Transit and Trade (PIWTT).

Important Point 

The correct answer is ​Right against Exploitation.

Key Points 

• Right against Exploitation of Fundamental Rights includes two articles 23 and 24.​
• Article 23 of the Indian constitution is about the Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
• It prohibits any kind of selling and buying of men, women and children.
• In relation to forced labour, it prohibits any kind of forced labour.
• The right is available to both citizens and non-citizens.
• Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine, or construction work.
• It does not prohibit their employment in any harmless or innocent work.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is 2009.

Key Points

• The National Policy on Skill Development was first formulated in 2009.
• It provided the framework for skill development activities in the country.
• Over the years, changes in the macro environment, and the experience gained through the implementation of various skill development programmes in the country have necessitated changes in the policy.
• Increase the capacity and quality of training infrastructure and trainers to ensure equitable and easy access to every citizen.
• The National Skill Development Policy, 2015 was formulated, and it supersedes the Policy of 2009.

 Additional Information

• Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) has been created to fulfil the vision of a ‘Skilled India’ where human resource development is the primary focus.
• Bhupender Yadav, Cabinet Minister of The Ministry of Labour & Employment,(As of august 2022).
• Rameswar Teli, Minister of State  Ministry of Labour & Employment,(As of august 2022).

The correct answer is Right to work.

Key Points

• The act includes the establishment of the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) and rules for the prevention of unfair trade practices by e-commerce platforms.
• It is a significant tool in protecting consumer rights.
• Provides for simplifies the consumer dispute adjudication process and introduces the concept of product liability.
• The CCPA will be empowered to conduct investigations into violations of consumer rights and institution complaints/ prosecution, order recalls of unsafe goods and services, order discontinuance of unfair trade practices, and misleading advertisements impose penalties on manufacturers/publishers of misleading advertisements.
• Under this act, every e-commerce entity is required to provide information relating to return, refund, exchange warranty and guarantee, delivery and shipment, modes of payments, grievance redressal mechanism, payment methods, security methods, charge-back options, etc.

Important Points

• Six rights for consumers under (COPRA) 2019:
• Right to be heard.
• Right to be informed.
• Right to Safety.
• Right to Consumer Education.
• Right to Choose.
• Right to Seek redressal.

The correct answer is the Indian Ocean.

Key Points 

• Gulf of Oman:
• The gulf is 200 miles wide between Cape al-Hadd in Oman and Gwadar Bay on the Pakistan-Iran border.
• It is 350 miles long and connects with the Persian Gulf to the northwest through the Strait of Hormuz.
• It offers the only entrance from the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean into the Persian Gulf.
• The red sea lies between Africa and Asia, and is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean.

Additional Information 

• Indian Ocean:
• The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering 70,560,000 km².
• The deepest point in the Indian Ocean, at 24,442 feet (7,450 meters).
• The deepest point in the Indian Ocean is the Sunda Deep of the Java Trench off the southern coast of the island of Java (Indonesia).
• The Indian Ocean has relatively few islands Madagascar, Maldives, Seychelles, Socotra, and Sri Lanka.
• The Indian Ocean Covers 20% of the Earth's Surface.
• The Ocean through 57 island groups,16 African countries and,18 Asian countries is connected directly through its waters.
• The Indian Ocean Oil Deposit Accounts for 40% of World Production.
• The Pacific Ocean.
• The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.
• The Pacific Ocean is a body of salt water extending from the Antarctic region in the south to the Arctic in the north and lying between The continents of Asia and Australia on the west and North America and South America on the east.
• The Mariana Trench, in the western North Pacific Ocean, is the deepest trench on Earth.
• The Ring of Fire is a region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.
• ​The Arctic Ocean.
• ​The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans.
• The Arctic Ocean is centred approximately on the North Pole, The ocean is almost completely encircled by the landmasses of North America, Eurasia, and Greenland.
• The Atlantic Ocean.
• The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about 106,460,000 km².
• maximum depth of 27,493 feet (8,380 meters) in the Puerto Rico Trench, north of the island of Puerto Rico.

Given:

$2 \div \frac{1}{5} of (4+4 \div 2)+\left[\frac{1}{2} \div \frac{25}{4}-4\right]$

Concept used:

Calculation:

$2 \div \frac{1}{5} of (4+4 \div 2)+\left[\frac{1}{2} \div \frac{25}{4}-4\right]$

⇒ $2 \div \frac{1}{5} of (4+2)+\left[\frac{1}{2} \div \frac{25}{4}-4\right]$

⇒ $2 \div \frac{1}{5} of ,6+\left[\frac{1}{2} \div \frac{25}{4}-4\right]$

⇒ $2 \div \frac{1}{5} of ,6+\left[\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{4}{25}-4\right]$

⇒ $2 \div \frac{1}{5} of ,6+\left[ \frac{2}{25}-4\right]$

⇒ $2 \div \frac{1}{5} of ,6+\left[ \frac{2 - 100}{25}\right]$

⇒ $2 \div \frac{1}{5} of ,6- \frac{98}{25}$

⇒ $2 \div \frac{6}{5}- \frac{98}{25}$

⇒ $2 \times \frac{5}{6}- \frac{98}{25}$

⇒ $\frac{5}{3}- \frac{98}{25}$

⇒ $\frac{125 -294}{75}$

⇒ $-\frac{169}{75}$

∴ Required answer is $-\frac{169}{75}$.

Given:

Loss on selling the article at 18/25 of SP = 19%

Formula Used:

Loss% = (cost price - selling price)/cost price × 100

Profit% = (selling price - cost price)/cost price × 100

Calculation:

Let the cost price of that article be Rs. 100x

Selling price when sold at $\frac{18}{25}$ of SP = 100x - (19% of 100x )

⇒ 100x - (19/100 × 100) =  81x

Original selling price = (25/18) × 81x = 112.5x

Required profit % = [(112.5x - 100x)/100x] × 100

⇒ (12.5x/100x) × 100 = 12.5%

∴ The profit on selling it at its actual SP is 12.5%.

Given:

Average age at the time of marriage = 20 years.

Their child's age after 6 years = 2 years

Concept used:

Average = Sum of elements/Number of elements

Calculation:

Total age at the time of their marriage = 20 × 2

⇒ 40 years

Present age of husband and wife together = 40 + 6 + 6

⇒ 52 years

Total age of the family = 52 + 2 = 54 years

The average age of the family = 54/3 = 18 years

∴ The present average age of the family is 18 years.

Given:

The average of 39% of A and 42% of B is equal to three-fifths of the difference of A and B.

Concept used:

Average = Sum of elements/Number of elements

Calculation:

[A × (39/100) + B × (42/100)]/2 = (A - B) × (3/5)

⇒ [(39A + 42B)/100]/2 = (3A - 3B)/5

⇒ (39A + 42B)/200 = (3A - 3B)/5

⇒ (39A + 42B)/40 = (3A - 3B)

⇒ 39A + 42B = 120A - 120B

⇒ 42B + 120B = 120A - 39A

⇒ 162B = 81A

⇒ B/A = 81/162

So, ratio of B and A = 81 : 162 or 1 : 2

So, B = (1/2) × 100 of A or 50% of A

∴ Required answer is 50%.

Given:

The numbers are 3, 4, 5 and 6

The closest number is 1014

Concept used:

LCM method.

Divide the LCM with the closest divisible number present in question.

Calculation:

LCM of 3, 4, 5, and 6 = 60

Now,

By dividing 1014 by 60 we get 54 as the remainder

So, the least number required to get a fully divisible number

⇒ (60 - 54) = 6

∴ The required number is 6.

Shortcut Trick

Effective Compound Interest rate for 2 years at 12% = 12 + 12 + (12 × 12)/100 = 25.44%

Effective Simple Interest rate for 4 years (double time) at 6% (half rate) = 6 × 4 = 24%

According to the question, 25.44% → ₹ 1,590

∴ 24% → (1590 ÷ 25.44) × 24 = (159000 ÷ 2544) × 24

⇒ (159000 ÷ 106) = ₹ 1,500

∴ The correct answer is ₹ 1,500.

Alternate Method

Given: Compound Interest (CI) = ₹ 1,590, Rate (R₁) = 12%, Time (T₁) = 2 years.

Formula Used: CI = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; SI = (P × R × T) / 100

⇒ 1590 = P[(1 + 12/100)² − 1]

⇒ 1590 = P[(1.12)² − 1] = P[1.2544 − 1]

⇒ 1590 = P × 0.2544

⇒ Principal (P) = 1590 ÷ 0.2544 = ₹ 6,250

⇒ For Simple Interest (SI): New Time = 4 years, New Rate = 6%

⇒ SI = (6250 × 6 × 4) ÷ 100

⇒ SI = (6250 × 24) ÷ 100 = 62.5 × 24 = ₹ 1,500

∴ The correct answer is ₹ 1,500.

Additional Information

Effective Rate for Compound Interest (2 Years)

For a rate r% p.a., the effective rate for 2 years is calculated as [r + r + (r²/100)]%.

Difference between CI and SI for 2 Years

The difference is given by the formula: Difference = P(R/100)².

Simple Interest Characteristic

Simple interest remains constant every year if the principal and rate are unchanged. SI = (P × R × T)/100.

Given:

Two-thirds of half of the three-eighths of a number is 40

Calculation:

Let the number be N

According to the question,

(2/3) of (1/2) of (3/8) of N = 40

⇒ (2/3) × (1/2) × (3/8) × N = 40

⇒ N × (1/8) = 40

⇒ N = 40 × 8

⇒ N = 320

So, the number is 320

Now, 80% of 320 = 320 × (80/100)

⇒ 32 × 8 = 256

∴ 80% of that number is 256.

Given:

Present population = 850000

First year increment = 12 per 1000

Second year decreament = 1%

Formula used:

Final year population = Present population × (100 ± R)/100

Here, R = increment or decrement

Calculation:

12 for 1000 = 1.2%

Final year population = 850000 × (100 + 1.2)/100 × (100 - 1)/100

⇒ 850000 × (101.2/100) × (99/100)

⇒ 851598

∴ The population at the end of two years is 851598.

Given:

The cost price of a book = ₹ 250.

The successive discounts offered are 10%, 15% and 20%

Concept used:

Successive discount = x + y - (x × y)/100

Here, x and y are two individual discounts 

Calculation:

Overall discount of 1st two discount = 10 + 15 - (10 × 15)/100

⇒ 25 - 1.5 = 23.5%

Now, Effective successive discount = 23.5 + 20 - (23.5 × 20)/100

⇒ 43.5 - 4.7 = 38.8%

∴ The overall discount % of the book is 38.8.

Shortcut Trick 

Discounts given are 10%, 15% and 20% respectively

So, SP = 250 × (100-10)/100 × (100 - 15)/100 × (100 - 20)/100

⇒ 250 × 9/10 × 85/100 × 8/10

⇒ 250 × 6120/10000

⇒ 153

Discount% = [(250 - 153)/250] × 100

⇒ 9.7 × 4 = 38.8

Hence, the overall discount is 38.8%.

Shortcut Trick

Total efficiency of Suraj + Manoj + Rajesh = 1/14 + 1/28 = 3/28.

Since Efficiency of Suraj = Manoj + Rajesh, then 2 × (Manoj + Rajesh) = 3/28.

Efficiency of Manoj + Rajesh = 3/56.

Efficiency of Manoj = (Efficiency of Manoj + Rajesh) − Efficiency of Rajesh = 3/56 − 1/28 = 1/56.

∴ The correct answer is 56 days.

Alternate Method

Given: Efficiency of Suraj (S) = Efficiency of Manoj (M) + Efficiency of Rajesh (R)

⇒ Total Efficiency (S + M + R) = 2 + 1 = 3

⇒ (M + R) + M + R = 3 (Since S = M + R)

⇒ 2M + 2R = 3

⇒ 2M + 2(1) = 3 (Efficiency of R is 1)

⇒ 2M = 3 − 2 = 1

⇒ Efficiency of Manoj (M) = 0.5

⇒ Time taken by Manoj alone = Total Work ÷ Efficiency = 28 ÷ 0.5

⇒ Time = 56 days

∴ The correct answer is 56 days.

Additional Information

Efficiency and Time Relationship

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete the work. Efficiency × Time = Total Work.

Combined Work Formula

If A takes 'x' days and B takes 'y' days, together they take (x × y) ÷ (x + y) days.

Work and Wages

Wages are generally distributed in the ratio of the work done or the ratio of efficiencies when they work for the same duration.

Given:

By selling an article for ₹ 7,281, a man loses 10%

Concept used:

Selling price = Cost price × (100 + profit)%

Selling price = Cost price × (100 - loss)%

Calculation:

Let the cost price of the article be Rs. x

According to the question,

x × (90/100) = 7281

⇒ x = 7281 × (10/9)

⇒ x = 8090

Now,

Selling price to get a profit of 10% = 8090 × (110/100)

⇒ 8899

∴ He should sell it in 8899 (in ₹) order to make a profit of 10%.

Shortcut Trick

Total time = 4 h 36 min = 4.6 hours

Shortcut formula: Distance = [ (Product of Speeds) ÷ (Sum of Speeds) ] × Total Time

Distance = [ (30 × 2) ÷ (30 + 2) ] × 4.6

Distance = [ 60 ÷ 32 ] × 4.6 = 1.875 × 4.6 = 8.625 km

8.625 km = 8 5/8 km

∴ The correct answer is 8 5/8 km.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed from Village to Hospital (s₁) = 30 km/h

Speed from Hospital to Village (s₂) = 2 km/h

Total time taken = 4 h 36 min

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Total Time = 4 h + (36 ÷ 60) h = 4 + 3/5 = 23/5 hours

⇒ Let the distance be d km.

⇒ (d ÷ 30) + (d ÷ 2) = 23/5

⇒ (d + 15d) ÷ 30 = 23/5

⇒ 16d ÷ 30 = 23/5

⇒ 16d = (23 × 30) ÷ 5

⇒ 16d = 23 × 6

⇒ 16d = 138

⇒ d = 138 ÷ 16 = 69 ÷ 8

⇒ d = 8 5/8 km

∴ The correct answer is 8 5/8 km.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Constant Distance

When an object covers the same distance at two different speeds s₁ and s₂, the average speed = (2 × s₁ × s₂) ÷ (s₁ + s₂).

Speed-Time Relationship

If distance is constant, speed is inversely proportional to time (s₁ ÷ s₂ = t₂ ÷ t₁). Ratio of speeds 30:2 = 15:1 implies ratio of times is 1:15.

Unit Conversion

To convert minutes to hours, divide by 60. To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18.

Given:

Length of rectangular park = 110 m

Width of rectangular park = 70 m

Width of cross path = 6 m each

The cost of construction = ₹ 175/m2

Concept used:

Area of a rectangle = L × B

Where, L = Length, B = Breadth

Calculation:

According to the given diagram,

Total area for two cross paths = Area of the longer cross path + Area of the shorter cross path - Shaded region

So, Total area of the two cross paths = (6 × 110) + (6 × 70) - (6 × 6)

⇒ 660 + 420 - 36

⇒ 1044 m²

Now, the Cost of constructing the paths = 1044 × 175

⇒ 182700

∴ The total cost (in ₹) of construction of these paths is 182700.

Given:

The ratio P ∶ Q = 2 ∶ 3, and Q ∶ R = 3 ∶ 4

Calculation:

P : Q = 2 : 3

Q : R = 3 : 4

So, P : Q : R = 2 : 3 : 4

Now,

P + Q ∶ Q + R = (2 + 3) : (3 + 4)

⇒ 5 : 7

∴ The ratio P + Q ∶ Q + R is 5 : 7.

Given:

The cost price of the cycle = ₹ 1400

Loss on cycle = 40%

Formula used:

Selling price = Cost price - (cost price × loss%)

Calculation:

Selling price = 1400 - (1400 × 40%)

⇒ 1400 - 1400 × 40/100

⇒ 1400 - 560

⇒ 840

∴ The selling price of the cycle is ₹ 840.

Given:

The ratio of the shares of A and B = 4 ∶ 7

The ratio of the shares of B and C = 5 ∶ 6

Total amount = 18527

Calculation:

A : B = 4 : 7

B : C = 5 : 6

By equating B in both cases we get A : B : C = 20 : 35 : 42

Now,

Share of A = 18527 × (20/97)

⇒ 191 × 20

⇒ 3820

∴ The share of A (in ₹) is 3820.

Shortcut Trick

When travel time is constant, Speed is directly proportional to Distance.

Distance covered by the faster train = 180 km

Distance covered by the slower train = 300 − 180 = 120 km

Ratio of speeds = Ratio of distances = 180 : 120

Speed Ratio = 3 : 2

∴ The correct answer is 3 : 2.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total distance between the two stations = 300 km

Distance covered by the faster train before crossing = 180 km

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Calculations:

⇒ Distance covered by the slower train = 300 − 180 = 120 km

⇒ Since both trains start at the same time and cross each other, the time traveled by both is perfectly equal.

⇒ Let the time taken be t hours.

⇒ Speed of faster train = 180 ÷ t

⇒ Speed of slower train = 120 ÷ t

⇒ Ratio of speeds = (180 ÷ t) : (120 ÷ t)

⇒ Ratio of speeds = 180 : 120

⇒ Speed ratio = 3 : 2

∴ The correct answer is 3 : 2.

Additional Information

Relative Speed (Opposite Directions)

When two bodies move in opposite directions, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds (S₁ + S₂). The time taken for them to meet is Total Distance ÷ (S₁ + S₂).

Constant Time Principle

When the travel time is constant for two moving bodies, the ratio of their speeds is directly proportional to the ratio of the distances they cover: S₁ ÷ S₂ = D₁ ÷ D₂.

Constant Distance Principle

When the distance covered is constant for two moving bodies, their speeds are inversely proportional to the time taken: S₁ ÷ S₂ = T₂ ÷ T₁.

Given:

Average of 5 consecutive odd integers in increasing order = 11

Formula used:

Average = Total sum/Number of elements

Calculation:

Let 5 consecutive odd numbers be a, a + 2, a + 4, a + 6, and a + 8

According to the question,

a + a + 2 + a + 4 + a + 6 + a + 8 = 5 × 11

⇒ 5a + 20 = 55 

⇒ 5a = 35

⇒ a = 35/5 = 7

Now,

The last three numbers are 11, 13, 15

Total = 11 + 13 + 15

⇒ 39

Average = 39/3 = 13

∴ The average of the last 3 of them is 13.

Shortcut Trick

List Price (MP) = ₹ 175

Price after 1st Discount (10%) = 175 − 17.5 = ₹ 157.5

Final Selling Price = ₹ 129.15

2nd Discount amount = 157.5 − 129.15 = ₹ 28.35

2nd Discount % = (28.35 ÷ 157.5) × 100 = 18%

∴ The correct answer is 18%.

Alternate Method

Given:

⇒ List Price (MP) = ₹ 175

⇒ Final Selling Price (SP) = ₹ 129.15

⇒ First Discount (d₁) = 10%

Formula Used:

Final SP = MP × (100 − d₁)/100 × (100 − d₂)/100

Calculations:

⇒ 129.15 = 175 × (100 − 10)/100 × (100 − d₂)/100

⇒ 129.15 = 175 × 0.9 × (100 − d₂)/100

⇒ 129.15 = 157.5 × (100 − d₂)/100

⇒ (100 − d₂)/100 = 129.15 ÷ 157.5

⇒ (100 − d₂)/100 = 0.82

⇒ 100 − d₂ = 82

⇒ d₂ = 100 − 82

⇒ d₂ = 18%

∴ The correct answer is 18%.

Additional Information

Successive Discount Formula

For two successive discounts x% and y%, the single equivalent discount is given by: (x + y − (x × y ÷ 100))%.

Marked Price (MP)

The price printed on the product or the tag is the Marked Price or List Price. Discounts are always calculated on this value.

Relationship between CP and MP

MP ÷ CP = (100 + Profit%) ÷ (100 − Discount%). This is useful when both profit and discount percentages are known.

Given:

The numbers are 6, 4 and 3

Closest number is 2495

Concept used:

LCM method

Take LCM of the given numbers and divide it with the closest divisible number

Calculation:

LCM of 6, 4 and 3 = 12

Now,

By dividing 2495 with 12 we get 11 as the remainder

So, least number required = (12 - 11) = 1

∴ Required number is 1.

Given:

Time taken by A to complete work = 25 days

Time taken by B to complete work = 30 days

Formula used:

Total work = Efficiency × Time taken

Calculation:

LCM of 25 and 30 = 150 i.e total work

Efficiency of A = 150/25 = 6 units/day

Efficiency of B = 150/30 = 5 units/day

Effective efficiency = 6 + 5 = 11 units/day

Total work complete = 5 × 11 = 55 units

Remaining 150 - 55 = 95 units

Fraction of the work left = 95/150 = 19/30

∴ The fraction of the work that is left will be 19/30.

Given:

(17 - 9) + (57 - 10 ÷ 5 of 2) ÷ 4

Concept used:

Calculation:

(17 - 9) + (57 - 10 ÷ 5 of 2) ÷ 4

⇒ 8 + (57 - 10 ÷ 10) ÷ 4

⇒ 8 + (57 - 1) ÷ 4

⇒ 8 + 56 ÷ 4

⇒ 8 + 14

⇒ 22

∴ Required answer is 22.

Given:

The ratio of shares of A, B, C and D = 5 : 2 : 4 : 3

Calculation:

Let the shares of A, B, C, and D be Rs. 5x, Rs. 2x, Rs. 4x and Rs. 3x respectively.

According to the question,

5x - 3x = 1000

⇒ 2x = 1000

⇒ x = 500

C's share = 4 × 500 = ₹ 2000

∴ C's share is ₹ 2000.

Given:

Ratio, Length : Breadth : Height = 4 : 3 : 2

Length increased = 50%

Height decreased = 40%

Concept used:

Volume of a cuboid = L × B × H

Here, L =Length, B = Breadth, and H = Height

Calculation:

Let the length, breadth, and height of the box 4x, 3x and 2x

Now,

New length = 4x × (100 + 50)%

⇒ 150/100 × 4x

⇒ 6x

New height = (100 - 40)% of 2x

⇒ 60/100 × 2x

⇒ 1.2x

New volume = 6x × 3x × 1.2x = 21.6x

Old volume = 4x × 3x × 2x = 24x

New volume : Old volume = 21.6x/24x

⇒ 216/240 = 9/10

So, New volume : Old volume = 9 : 10

∴ The ratio of the new volume to the old volume of the box is 9 : 10.

Given:

Sum = 900

Simple Interest (SI) = 810

Rate of interest = 5%

Formula used:

S.I = (P × T × R)/100

Here, P = Sum, T = Time, R = Rate  

Calculation:

Let the time needed is T years

According to the question,

810 = (900 × 5 × T)/100

⇒ 45T = 810

⇒ T = 810/45

⇒ T = 18

So, Time = 18 years

∴ The required time is 18 years.

The correct answer is: Horizon.

Key Points

• Horizon means the place in the distance where the earth and sky seem to meet.
• Example - The sun rose above the horizon.
• So, it is clear that the 'Horizon' can be used as a one-word substitute for 'A line at which the earth's surface and the sky appear to meet.'
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Equator means a line notionally drawn on the earth equidistant from the poles, dividing the earth into northern and southern hemispheres and constituting the parallel of latitude 0°.
• Periphery means the outer limits or edge of an area or object.
• Boundary means a line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line.

The correct answer is: peace.

Key Points

• Peace means a stress-free state of security and calmness that comes when there's no fighting.
• Example - Try to live in peace with your neighbours.
• ​Here, in the given sentence 'Peace' is used to explain that, "He is never stress-free and calm, He is always restless."
• So, it is clear that the most appropriate word is 'Peace'.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

The complete sentence is: He is always restless. He is never at peace with himself.

Additional Information

• Silence means a state of not speaking or making noise.
• Serenity means the quality of being peaceful and calm.
• Freedom means the quality or state of being free.

The correct answer is: Although they batted badly.

Key Points

• Replace 'Unless' with 'Although' to make the sentence correct.
• 'Unless' is used to introduce the case in which a statement being made is not true or valid.
• Example- Unless you are fully vaccinated, you will not be allowed to return to work.
• 'Although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that contains a statement that makes the main clause of the sentence seem surprising or unexpected.
• Example- Although he acts tough, he's really a nice guy.
• Here in the given sentence, It is said that They batted very bad but surprisingly they won the match. So, 'Although' is appropriate for the situation.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Therefore, the improved sentence is: Although they batted badly, they won the match.

Additional Information

• 'Since' is used with the present perfect to describe an action or situation that began in the past and continues in the present.
• Example- Since I met Astrid I’ve tried to learn German.
• 'Until' refers to up to the time of or till a specified time. It is used as a Preposition and Conjunction.
• Example- Let's play games until the party starts.

The correct answer is: To set high goals.

Key Points

• To aim for the stars means to be ambitious, to aim high, and to follow one's dreams.
• Example - My parents always taught me to aim for the stars when I was growing up.
• So, it is clear that the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'To aim for the stars' is 'To set high goals.'
• Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The segment that contains a grammatical error is: ​angry on me.

Key Points

• Using the preposition 'with' in the place of 'on' to make the sentence correct.
• ‘Angry with' is used when referring to a living thing such as a person, animal etc.
• Example - The teacher is likely to get angry with the students.
• ‘Angry with' means having a strong feeling against someone who has behaved badly, making one want to shout at them or hurt them.
• Here in the given passage, it is said that the narrator is upset because his mother was angry with him. 'Mother' is a living person so 'with' should be used.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Confusion Points

• "Angry on" cannot be used in English.
• If directed at a person "angry with" should always be used.
• Example - I was very angry with her.
• If directed at a situation "angry at" would be appropriate. 
• Example - I was very angry at how rainy it was.
  

Hence, the corrected sentence is: I was upset because my mother was angry with me.

The erroneous spelling is: Compulsery.

Key Points

• The correct spelling should be 'Compulsory'.
• Compulsory means something that must be done necessarily by law or a rule.
• Example - Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 16.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 2 which is incorrectly spelt.

Additional Information

• Disturbance means the interruption of a settled and peaceful condition.
• Audience means the assembled spectators or listeners at a public event such as a play, film, concert, or meeting.
• Potential means latent qualities or abilities that may be developed and lead to future success.

The correct answer is: Decline.

Key Points

• Progress means development towards an improved or more advanced condition.
• Example - We are making progress toward equal rights.
• Marked option Decline means a gradual and continuous loss of strength, numbers, quality, or value.
• Example - The birth rate continued to decline.
• It is clear that 'Progress' and 'Decline' are opposite in meaning.
• Therefore the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Redress means to remedy or set right (an undesirable or unfair situation).
• Advance means to develop or improve something.
• Revise means to examine and make corrections or alterations.