SSC GD Constable (2022) Official Paper (Held On : 11 Jan 2023 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The pattern followed here is:

Given:- 19, 21, 25, 33, ?, 81, 145

Hence, the correct answer is "49".

The mirror image will be 

 Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Given: BQZJ, ELCM, HGFP, ?, NWLV  

Hence, the correct answer is "KBIS".

Given equation : 30 * 95 * 5 * 32 * 4 * 497

According to the question, by replacing the * signs:

Option - (1) : +, ×, –, =, ÷

30 + 95 × 5 – 32 = 4 ÷ 497

30 + 475 – 32 = 0.008048

473 ≠ 0.008048

(LHS ≠ RHS)

Option - (2) : ×, +, –, ÷, =

30 × 95 + 5 – 32 ÷ 4 = 497

2850 + 5 – 8 = 497

2847 ≠ 497

(LHS ≠ RHS)

Option - (3) : +, ×, ÷, –, =

30 + 95 × 5 ÷ 32 – 4 = 497

30 + 475 ÷ 32 - 4 = 497

30 + 14.84375 - 4 ≠ 497

40.84375 ≠ 497

(LHS ≠ RHS)

Option - (4) : +, ×, –, ÷, =

30 + 95 × 5 – 32 ÷ 4 = 497

30 + 475 – 8 = 497

497 = 497

(LHS = RHS)

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Given: ZTQM, YSPL, ?, WQNJ, VPMI

   ​

   

Hence, the correct answer is "XROK".

Let's check each option,

    1. ÷ and ×

→ 24 + 120 × 8 ÷ 16 – 48 = 36

→ 24 +120 × 0.5 – 48 = 36

→ 24 + 60 – 48 = 36

→ 84 – 48 = 36

→ LHS = RHS.

1. × and –

→ 24 + 120 ÷ 8 – 16 × 48 = 36

→ 24 + 15 – 768 = 36

→ 39 - 768 ≠ 36

→ LHS ≠ RHS.

1. – and +

→ 24 - 120 ÷ 8 × 16 + 48 = 36

→ 24 - 15 × 16 + 48 = 36

→ 24 - 240 + 48 ≠ 36

→ LHS ≠ RHS.

1. ÷ and –

→ 24 + 120 – 8 × 16 ÷ 48 = 36

→ 24 + 120 - 2.66 = 36

→ 24 + 117.33  ≠ 36

  → LHS ≠ RHS.

This is also incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The pattern followed here is:

1. Pipe type figure is moved in upside in next figure then moved downward side in next figure and so on.
   

2. Unshaded circle added in second figure then remove one unshaded circle in third figure and so on.

3. Shaded circle remove in second figure, then added one shaded circle in third figure and so on.

4. One circle is added middle of the figure, the removed from third figure, then added in fourth figure at last removed from the last figure.
   

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic is followed here is

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Hence, the correct answer is 223.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (2nd number ÷ 3)3 = 1st number.

Now,

8 : 6

→ (6 ÷ 3)³ = 2³ = 8.

343 : 21

→ (21 ÷ 3)3 = 73 = 343

Similarly, ? : 12

→ (12 ÷ 3)3 = 43 = 64.

Hence, the correct answer is "64".

The pattern followed here is:

Given:- Six students are sitting around a circular table facing the centre.

1) Vendyll is sitting fourth to the right of Leander.

2) Michael is sitting third to the right of Vendyll.

 

3) Gandhar is sitting second to the left of Michael.

4) Yogita is sitting third to the right of Gandhar.

5)  Rocky is the immediate neighbour of Vendyll and Yogita.

Clearly, Gandhar is sitting between Leander and Vendyll.

Hence, the correct answer is "Gandhar".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: The second word is the type of family the first word belongs to in terms of musical instruments.

Here, Drum : Percussion → A drum is a part of the percussion family.

Similarly, Guitar : ? → A guitar is a part of the string family.

Hence, the correct answer is "String".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: The positional value of alphabets are written in reverse order.

'COVER’ is written as ‘18522153'

And,

‘STINK’ is written as ‘111492019’

Similarly,

‘PLATE’ be written as '?'

Hence, the correct answer is "52011216".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: The second word is the opposite of the first word.

Here, Sharp : Blunt → Blunt is the opposite of sharp.

Similarly, Dim : ? → Bright is the opposite of dim.

Hence, the correct answer is "Bright".

The pattern followed here is:

Given:

From dice number (1) and (2).

Here, 4 is common in both the dice and rotated in clockwise direction from the common face.

Opposite faces:

⇒ 2 ⇔ 6

⇒ 3 ⇔ 1

Clearly, 5 is the opposite of 4.

Hence, the correct answer is "5".

Arranging the given words as they appear in the English dictionary:

2. chain
3. chair
4. charcoal 
5. charge
6. charm

Here, "2, 1, 5, 4, 3" is the arrangement of the given words as they appear in the dictionary.

Hence, the correct answer is "2, 1, 5, 4, 3".

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Given:

‘A @ B’ means ‘A is the son of B’

‘A & B’ means ‘A is the mother of B’

‘A # B’ means ‘A is the daughter of B’

Let's check each option one by one:-

1) P @ Q & R # S

Yes, Q is the wife of S in above diagram.

2) R @ S @ Q # P

 

No, Q is the mother of S. So it is false.

3) R @ S & Q # P

No, Q is the daughter of S. So it is false.

4) P # Q @ R # S

No, Q is the grand-daughter of S. So it is false.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The least possible Venn diagram is given below according to the given information.

Conclusion:

I. No coats are shirts → Does not follow → (As, some shirt are coats. So No coats are shirts in not definitely followed).

II. Some shirts are pants→ Follow → (As, All pants are shirts. So some shirts are pants is definitely followed).

III. Some pants are coats → Does not follow → (As, No coats are pants. So some pants are coats is not definitely followed).

Only conclusion II follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Logic:-

Step 1:- First vowel is written according to vowel alphabet order A,E,I,O,U.

Step 2:- Second consonant are written according to alphabet order.  

'RESPECT’ is written as ‘EECPRST’

RESPECT 

Vowels are in the given word = E, E

Consonant are in the given word = R,S,P,C,T

Now, written as according to logic :- EECPRST

And,

'HONOUR’ is written as ‘OOUHNR’

HONOUR

Vowels are in the given word = O,O,U

Consonant are in the given word = H,N,R

Now, written as according to logic :- OOUHNR

Similarly,

‘COURAGE’ is written as '?'

Vowel are in the given word = O,U,A,E 

Consonant are in the given word = C,R,G

Now, written as according to logic :- AEOUCGR

Hence, the correct answer is "AEOUCGR".

The pattern follow here is:

Given:- Six persons Hema, Rekha, Jaya, Sushma, Nimmi and Barkha are sitting in a row facing north. 

1. Jaya is sitting at the extreme right.

2) Only Rekha is sitting between Sushma and Jaya.

3) Nimmi is not sitting beside Sushma and Jaya.

(It means Nimmi is sitting extreme left of the row)

4) Only Hema is sitting between Nimmi and Barkha. 

5) Barkha is not sitting beside Jaya.

Clearly, Sushma is sitting immediate right of Barkha.

Hence, the correct answer is "Sushma".

The correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

• In India, the Parliament consists of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
• The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the Parliament, while the Lok Sabha is the lower house.
• The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body with members who are not directly elected by the people of India.
• Its members are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies.

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Additional Information

• Supreme Court:
• The Supreme Court is the highest court in a country's judicial system.
• The Supreme Court is responsible for hearing appeals from lower courts, resolving constitutional matters, and ensuring uniformity and consistency in the interpretation of laws.
• ​High Court :
• A High Court is a superior court that operates at the regional or state level within a country's legal system.
• High Courts have the power of original jurisdiction, meaning they can hear cases directly, as well as appellate jurisdiction, allowing them to review decisions made by lower courts within their jurisdiction.

The correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

• The University of Mumbai, formerly known as the University of Bombay, was established in 1857.
• It is one of the oldest and premier universities in India.
• The university was established under the British Raj and was initially focused on providing higher education in the western region of India.
• It played a significant role in the spread of higher education and learning during the colonial era.

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Additional Information

• The University of Bundelkhand, also known as Bundelkhand University, is a public state university located in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
• It was established on August 26, 1975.
• The University of Punjab, commonly known as Punjab University (PU), is a public research university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
• It was established in 1882 as the University of the Punjab, making it one of the oldest and most prestigious educational institutions in Pakistan.
• The University of Allahabad is a prestigious central university located in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
• Established in 1887, it is one of the oldest universities in India.
• Initially known as the Muir Central College, it was later renamed as the University of Allahabad in 2005.

The correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

• The Shunga dynasty was founded by Pushyamitra Shunga.
• He was the commander-in-chief of the Mauryan Empire under the last Mauryan emperor, Brihadratha.
• In 185 BCE, Pushyamitra Shunga assassinated Brihadratha and established the Shunga dynasty, which ruled over a significant part of northern India from approximately 185 BCE to 73 BCE.

Additional Information

• Vasumitra was indeed a significant ruler, but he belonged to the Kanva dynasty, which succeeded the Shunga dynasty.
• The Kanva dynasty came into power after overthrowing the last Shunga ruler, Devabhuti, in 73 BCE.
• Agnimitra was the name of a notable king in ancient Indian history.
• He was the second king of the Sunga dynasty, ruling from approximately 149 BCE to 141 BCE.
• Agnimitra is known for his patronage of the arts and is particularly associated with the Sanskrit play "Malavikagnimitram" written by the playwright Kalidasa.​

The correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

• In India, the workforce population does not typically include individuals who are below the legal working age.
• The minimum age for employment in India is generally 14 years, subject to certain conditions and restrictions.
• Therefore, individuals who are 14 years of age or younger are generally not considered part of the workforce population.

Additional Information

• The workforce population typically includes people who are of working age and are either employed, unemployed but actively looking for work, or economically active.
• It does not include individuals who are not actively seeking employment, such as retirees, full-time students, or those who are unable to work due to disability or other reasons.

The correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

• On December 30, 2021, the Central Government notified Consumer Protection (Jurisdiction of the District Commission, the State Commission, and the National Commission) Rules, 2021.
• These rules were notified under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 in order to revise the pecuniary jurisdiction of the District Commission, the State Commission, and the National Commission.
• The key features are as follows:
• Jurisdiction of District Commission: The District Commission shall have jurisdiction to entertain complaints where the value of the goods or services paid as consideration does not exceed fifty lakh rupees.
• Jurisdiction of State Commission: The State Commission shall have jurisdiction to entertain complaints where the value of the goods or services paid as consideration exceeds fifty lakh but does not exceed two crore rupees.
• Jurisdiction of National Commission: The National Commission shall have jurisdiction to entertain complaints where the value of the goods or services paid as consideration, exceeds two crore rupees.

The correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

• The Executive Director for India at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) appointed in August 2022 is Krishnamurthy Subramanian, the former Chief Economic Adviser of India​.
• This appointment was made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, curtailing the tenure of the previous ED, Dr. Surjit S Bhalla, up to October 31, 2022.

Additional Information

• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States.
• It was established in 1944 to promote global economic stability and growth.
• The organization's primary purpose is to ensure the stability of the international monetary system—the system of exchange rates and international payments that enable countries (and their citizens) to transact with each other.

The correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

• The Fundamental Duties are dealt with Article 51A under Part-IV A of the Indian Constitution.
• The concept of Fundamental duties was taken from the USSR.
• 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties to the Indian Constitution.
• 86th Amendment Act 2002  added 11th Fundamental Duty.

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Additional Information The fundamental duties noted in the constitution are as follows

1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India;
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
7. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures;
8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement;
11. Who is a parent or guardian, to provide opportunities for education to his child, or as the case may be, ward between the age of six to fourteen years.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• Rasheswar Saikia Barbayan is related with Sattriya dance.
• Sattriya: Originating from the state of Assam in India, Sattriya is one of the eight major classical Indian dance traditions.
• It began as a monastic dance performed by monks, called Bhokots, in monasteries known as Satras.
• It has since evolved to be performed by both men and women, and it narrates themes related to Hindu mythology, specifically of the love between Lord Krishna and Radha.
• The dance is characterized by grace and strong rhythmic footing.

Additional Information

• Kuchipudi:
• Kuchipudi is a dance form from the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
• Initially, Kuchipudi was performed only by male dancers, who also played female roles. Nowadays, however, it is mostly performed by women.
• Its most distinctive feature is that it combines dancing, acting, and singing, and the performances are usually based on Hindu scriptures and mythology.
• Odissi:
• This dance tradition comes from Odisha in Eastern India.
• Known for its lyrical grace and the depiction of various moods and emotions, Odissi is characterized by the Tribhangi (three-body-parts break) concept, where the body is divided into the head, bust, and torso sections, which are independently moved to create various postures.
• Odissi has two major forms of dance: the Nritta (pure dance) and the Nritya (expressive dance).
• Bharatanatyam:
• From the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Bharatanatyam is one of the oldest and most widely practiced Indian dance forms.
• It was originally performed in temples as a religious offering by Devadasis ('Servants of God').
• This dance form is known for its complex footwork, expressive gestures, and varied rhythms.
• It utilizes the concepts of 'Lasya' (graceful, fluid movements symbolizing femininity) and 'Tandava' (strong, vigorous movements symbolizing masculinity).
• The dance is typically performed solo and involves the narration of mythological stories through expressive facial expressions and hand gestures.

The correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

• India is rich in various types of non-conventional or renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, and tidal energy.
• Solar Energy: India, being a tropical country, receives ample sunlight throughout the year, making it an ideal location for solar power generation.
• The government has also been actively promoting solar energy with initiatives like the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission.
• Wind Energy: India has a considerable potential for wind energy, particularly in regions like Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan.
• India is one of the top countries in the world in terms of installed wind power capacity.
• Tidal Energy: Though not as extensively developed as solar and wind energy, India also has potential for tidal energy, particularly in regions like the Gulf of Khambhat and the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat.

The correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

• The founder of the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh is Muhammad Yunus.
• He established the bank in 1983 with the goal of providing microcredit to the rural poor, particularly women, in order to alleviate poverty and empower individuals to improve their lives.
• Muhammad Yunus was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for his efforts in pioneering microfinance and his work with the Grameen Bank.

Additional Information

• Abdus Salam: Abdus Salam was a Pakistani theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to the field of electroweak unification, which led to the discovery of the Higgs boson.
• He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979.
• Muzaffar Ahmed: Muzaffar Ahmed was a prominent communist leader from India, particularly known for his role in the Communist Party of India and the Indian independence movement.
• While he played a significant role in political activism.
• Mahbub ul Haq: Mahbub ul Haq was a Pakistani economist and politician known for his work on human development theory and the creation of the Human Development Index (HDI).
• He served as Pakistan's Minister of Finance and Planning.

The correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

• The acid present in vinegar is known as Acetic Acid.
• Its chemical formula is CH3COOH.
• Acetic acid is responsible for the sour taste and pungent smell of vinegar.

Additional Information

• Nitric Acid: Nitric acid is a strong mineral acid with the chemical formula HNO3.
• It is a highly corrosive and reactive acid.
• Nitric acid is commonly used in various industrial processes, such as the production of fertilizers, explosives, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.
• It is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong, pungent odor.
• Formic Acid: Formic acid, also known as methanoic acid, has the chemical formula HCOOH.
• It is a weak acid that is naturally found in the venom of certain ants and bees.
• Formic acid is commonly used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in various industries, including agriculture, textile, and leather.
• It is a colorless liquid with a strong, pungent odor.
• Malonic Acid: Malonic acid, with the chemical formula C3H4O4, is a dicarboxylic acid.
• It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water.
• Malonic acid is primarily used in organic synthesis as a building block for the production of various compounds, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers.
• It plays a crucial role in the malonic ester synthesis, a widely used method in organic chemistry to introduce carbon atoms into a molecule.

The correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

• In West Bengal, the storms associated with violent winds, torrential downpours, and hail are known as "Kaal baisakhi".
• This term is used locally to refer to these thunderstorms that occur during the hot weather season in the region.

Additional Information

• Mahawat: "Mahawat" is a term used in Rajasthan to describe a severe thunderstorm accompanied by strong winds, heavy rain, and lightning.
• Tahiti: Tahiti is actually an island located in the South Pacific Ocean, known for its beautiful beaches and tropical climate.
• Loo: Loo is a term used in India to describe a hot, dry, and dusty wind that blows during the summer months, particularly in the northern and western parts of the country.

The correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

• Democratic Azad Party chief Ghulam Nabi Azad Monday began a three-day outreach visit to Doda and Kishtwar districts and said his party is getting strong with new people joining it.
• Ghulam Nabi Azad, a veteran Congress leader and former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, received the Padma Bhushan Award in 2022.
• Ghulam Nabi Azad is an Indian politician who served as the seventh chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir and as the Minister of Health and Family Welfare from 2005 to 2008.

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Additional Information

• Mehbooba Mufti is a member of the Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party (PDP), which was founded by her father in 1999.
• She served as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from April 4, 2016, to June 19, 2018.
• She was the first woman Chief Minister of the state.
• Farooq Abdullah is a member of the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference (JKNC), a regional political party in Jammu and Kashmir.
• He has served multiple terms as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir.
• He first assumed the position in 1982 and subsequently held the office from 1986 to 1990, 1996 to 2002, and 2009 to 2014.
• Tariq Hameed Karra was a prominent member of the Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party (PDP) before joining the INC.
• He served as a Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha, representing the Srinagar constituency, from 2009 to 2014.
• During his tenure, he was known for his outspoken views on issues related to Jammu and Kashmir.

The correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) :
• GDP represents the sum total of the gross value added by all firms and industries within an economy during a specific time period, typically a year.
• It measures the monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders.

Additional Information

• Net National Product (NNP):
• NNP is GDP minus depreciation (capital consumption), which reflects the wear and tear on the country's capital stock.
• NNP measures the net output of an economy after accounting for capital depreciation.
• National Income (NI)
• NI is the sum total of all income earned by individuals and businesses within a country's borders.
• It includes wages, salaries, profits, rent, and interest.
• Gross National Product (GNP):
• GNP represents the total value of all final goods and services produced by the residents of a country, both domestically and abroad.
• It includes the income earned by the country's residents from overseas investments, and it excludes the income earned by non-residents within the country's borders.

The correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

• The South Asian Games, also known as the South Asian Federation Games (SAF Games), were first held in the year 1984.
• The inaugural edition of the South Asian Games took place in Kathmandu, Nepal.
• The event was organized with the aim of promoting goodwill and friendship among the South Asian countries through sports.
• Since then, the South Asian Games have been held periodically, usually every two years, with participating nations from South Asia, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

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Additional Information

• 13th South Asian Games came a close in Nepal on 10 Dec 2019.
• India consolidated its top position with 312 medals comprising 174 gold, 93 silver and 45 bronze medals.
• Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal Ishwar Pokharel graced the occasion as Chief Guest at the closing ceremony of the event.
• Three different cities in Nepal hosted the competition, Kathmandu, Pokhara and Janakpur.
• A pair of blackbucks (Krishnashar) is the official mascot for the 2019 South Asian Games.

The correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

• The Thrissur Pooram festival is celebrated in the state of Kerala, India.
• Thrissur Pooram is one of the most famous and vibrant festivals in Kerala and is held in the city of Thrissur.
• It is a grand spectacle that attracts thousands of visitors and showcases a magnificent display of elephants, traditional music, and cultural performances.
• The festival takes place at the Vadakkunnathan Temple in Thrissur and is celebrated with great enthusiasm and participation from the local community.

Additional Information

• Karnataka, a state in southern India, is known for its rich cultural heritage and vibrant festivals.
• One of the most famous festivals celebrated in Karnataka is "Mysuru Dasara" or "Mysore Dasara."
• It is a 10-day festival that takes place in the city of Mysuru (Mysore) during the Hindu month of Ashwin (September/October).
• Mysuru Dasara is a grand celebration that showcases the rich history, art, and traditions of the region.
• Andhra Pradesh, a state located in southern India, celebrates various festivals throughout the year.
• One of the most famous festivals celebrated in Andhra Pradesh is "Ugadi" or "Telugu New Year."
• Ugadi marks the beginning of the New Year according to the traditional Telugu calendar and is celebrated with great enthusiasm and joy.
• Tamil Nadu, a state in South India, is renowned for its rich cultural heritage and vibrant festivals.
• One of the most famous festivals celebrated in Tamil Nadu is "Pongal."
• Pongal is a four-day harvest festival that is dedicated to the Sun God and is celebrated with great joy and enthusiasm.

The correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

• Vitamin C is an antioxidant. It is a water-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant in the body, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
• Free radicals are unstable molecules that can cause oxidative stress and damage to cells and DNA.
• By neutralizing free radicals, vitamin C helps maintain the health of various body tissues and supports the immune system.
• It is important for collagen synthesis, wound healing, and the absorption of iron from plant-based sources.

Additional Information

• Antibiotic: Antibiotics are medications used to treat bacterial infections. They work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth.
• Antigen: An antigen is a substance that triggers an immune response in the body. When the immune system recognizes an antigen as foreign or harmful, it produces antibodies to neutralize or eliminate it.
• Antiviral treatments can be developed for specific viruses or groups of viruses, such as influenza, HIV, hepatitis, herpes, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), among others. These treatments are typically prescribed by healthcare professionals and are tailored to the specific viral infection being targeted.

The correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

• The horizontal rows of squares on a chessboard are called "ranks."
• A chessboard consists of eight ranks, labeled from 1 to 8, starting from the bottom and moving upward.
• Each rank contains eight squares, making a total of 64 squares on the chessboard.

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Additional Information

• Pawns are the smallest and most numerous pieces in chess.
• In chess, the vertical columns of squares on the chessboard are called "files."
• Bishops are one of the chess pieces and are considered minor pieces.
• A standard chessboard consists of an 8x8 grid of alternating light and dark squares. The squares are arranged in two alternating colors, usually referred to as "white" and "black," although they can be any two contrasting colors.
• The pieces include:
• 8 Pawns: These are the smallest pieces and are represented by small, usually round, discs.
• 2 Rooks: They are represented by taller pieces with a flat top and are placed in the corners of the board.
• 2 Knights: They are represented by horse-shaped pieces and are placed next to the rooks.
• 2 Bishops: They are represented by taller, slender pieces and are placed next to the knights.
• 1 Queen: It is the most powerful piece and is represented by a taller piece with a crown-like top. It is placed on the remaining square of its color.
• 1 King: It is the most important piece and is represented by a slightly taller piece with a cross-like top. It is placed on the remaining square of its color.

The correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

• Bengaluru is considered a major hub of the Information Technology (IT) industry in India.
• It is often referred to as the "Silicon Valley of India" due to its prominent position in the country's IT sector.
• Bengaluru is home to numerous multinational IT companies, startups, research institutions, and technology parks.
• It has a well-established infrastructure, a large pool of skilled IT professionals, and a supportive ecosystem for innovation and entrepreneurship.

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Additional Information

• The IT industry plays a crucial role in various sectors, including business, communication, finance, healthcare, education, entertainment, and government.
• It involves a wide range of activities such as software development, hardware manufacturing, IT consulting, system integration, cybersecurity, data management, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and more.

The correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

• Grida folk dance is performed in the state of Madhya Pradesh during the festival of Makar Sankranti.
• This festival usually falls on January 14th or 15th and marks the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn.
• It is a harvest festival celebrated in various parts of India, including Madhya Pradesh, to rejoice in the arrival of the rabi crop and the end of the winter season.

Additional Information

• Folk dance is a traditional form of dance that originates from a specific region, community, or cultural group.
• Folk dances are often performed during festivals, social gatherings, weddings, and other celebratory events.
• Some Examples of folk dance :
• Bhangra (Punjab): Bhangra is a lively and energetic folk dance from the Punjab region.
• Garba and Dandiya Raas (Gujarat): Garba and Dandiya Raas are popular folk dances from Gujarat, usually performed during the Navratri festival.
• Kathak (North India): Kathak is one of the classical dance forms of India, but it also has strong folk roots.
• Odissi (Odisha): Odissi is another classical dance form that has folk elements. It originated in the state of Odisha and combines fluid movements, sculpturesque poses, and facial expressions to convey emotions and narratives.
• Bihu (Assam): Bihu is a vibrant folk dance from the northeastern state of Assam.
• Lavani (Maharashtra): Lavani is a popular folk dance from the state of Maharashtra.
• Ghoomar (Rajasthan): Ghoomar is a traditional folk dance from Rajasthan
• Bihu (Assam): Bihu is a vibrant folk dance from the northeastern state of Assam.
• Giddha (Punjab): Giddha is a lively folk dance performed by women in Punjab.

Shortcut Trick

The mean proportional between two numbers 'a' and 'b' is given directly by √(a × b).

Here, the given numbers are a = 3 and b = 27.

Mean proportional = √(3 × 27) = √81 = 9.

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Alternate Method

Given:

The two numbers are 3 and 27.

Formula Used:

If x is the mean proportional between a and b, then a : x :: x : b.

By the property of proportions, Product of Means = Product of Extremes ⇒ x² = a × b.

Product of Means = Product of Extremes

3 :

x ::

x :

27

Extremes

Means x × x = 3 × 27 = 81 Result: x = 9

Calculations:

⇒ Let the required mean proportional be x.

⇒ 3 : x :: x : 27

⇒ 3 ÷ x = x ÷ 27

⇒ x² = 3 × 27

⇒ x² = 81

⇒ x = √81 = 9

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Additional Information

Third Proportional

If three quantities a, b, and c are in continued proportion (a : b :: b : c), then 'c' is the third proportional to a and b. Formula: c = b² ÷ a.

Fourth Proportional

If four quantities a, b, c, and d are in proportion (a : b :: c : d), then 'd' is the fourth proportional to a, b, and c. Formula: d = (b × c) ÷ a.

Duplicate Ratio

The duplicate ratio of any two numbers a and b is simply the ratio of their squares, expressed mathematically as a² : b².

Sub-duplicate Ratio

The sub-duplicate ratio of any two numbers a and b is the ratio of their square roots, expressed mathematically as √a : √b.

Shortcut Trick

Convert the percentage to a fraction: 25% = 1/4.

Equate the given parts: (1/4) × Mathematics = (2/3) × Physics.

Solve for the ratio directly: Mathematics/Physics = (2/3) × 4 = 8/3.

The ratio of Mathematics to Physics books is 8 : 3.

∴ The correct answer is 8 : 3.

Alternate Method

Given:

Percentage of Mathematics books = 25%

Fraction of Physics books = 2/3

Let the number of Mathematics books be M and Physics books be P.

According to the question:

⇒ 25% of M = 2/3 of P

⇒ (25/100) × M = (2/3) × P

⇒ (1/4) × M = (2/3) × P

⇒ M/P = (2/3) ÷ (1/4)

⇒ M/P = (2/3) × 4

⇒ M/P = 8/3

∴ The correct answer is 8 : 3.

Additional Information

Ratio and Proportion

A ratio compares two quantities by division. If a : b = c : d, then the product of extremes equals the product of means (a × d = b × c).

Percentage to Fraction Conversion

To convert a percentage to a fraction, divide by 100 and simplify. Example: 25% = 25/100 = 1/4; 50% = 1/2; 75% = 3/4.

Inverse Variation in Ratios

If x × A = y × B, then the ratio of A : B is equal to the inverse of their coefficients, which is y : x.

Shortcut Trick

Time difference between the thief and the owner starting = 30 minutes = 0.5 hours.

Lead distance created by the thief = 80 × 0.5 = 40 km.

Relative speed (same direction) = 90 − 80 = 10 km/h.

Time to catch = Distance gap ÷ Relative speed = 40 ÷ 10 = 4 hours.

Catch time = 4:00 p.m. + 4 hours = 8:00 p.m.

∴ The correct answer is 8:00 p.m.

Alternate Method

40 km gapMeeting distanceAThief starts 3:30 pmOwner starts 4:00 pmBThief at 4:00 pmCCatch pointRelative Speed Chase Diagram

Given:

Speed of the thief = 80 km/h

Speed of the owner = 90 km/h

Time delay before discovery = 4:00 p.m. − 3:30 p.m. = 30 minutes = 0.5 hours

Formula Used:

Relative Speed (same direction) = Speed₁ − Speed₂

Time = Distance ÷ Relative Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Distance covered by the thief in 0.5 hours = 80 × 0.5 = 40 km

⇒ When the owner starts chasing at 4:00 p.m., the distance between them is 40 km.

⇒ Relative speed of the owner with respect to the thief = 90 − 80 = 10 km/h

⇒ Time required for the owner to cover this 40 km gap = 40 ÷ 10 = 4 hours

⇒ The owner starts chasing at 4:00 p.m.

⇒ The owner will catch the thief at 4:00 p.m. + 4 hours = 8:00 p.m.

∴ The correct answer is 8:00 p.m.

Additional Information

Relative Speed (Same Direction)

When two objects move in the same direction, their relative speed is the difference between their individual speeds: S_relative = S₁ − S₂.

Relative Speed (Opposite Direction)

When two objects move towards each other, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds: S_relative = S₁ + S₂.

Meeting Point Distance

The distance from the starting point to the meeting point can be found by multiplying the speed of the chasing object by the time taken to catch up: D = S_chaser × T_catch.

Shortcut Trick

Teacher's age = Initial Average + (Decrease in Average × Number of remaining students)

Teacher's age = 20 + (1.5 × 14)

Teacher's age = 20 + 21 = 41 years

∴ The correct answer is 41 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number of students = 14

Total persons (including teacher) = 15

Initial average age = 20 years

Reduction in average = 1.5 years

Calculations:

⇒ Total age of 15 persons = 15 × 20 = 300 years

⇒ New average age = 20 − 1.5 = 18.5 years

⇒ Total age of 14 students = 14 × 18.5 = 259 years

⇒ Teacher's age = Total age (15 persons) − Total age (14 students)

⇒ Teacher's age = 300 − 259 = 41 years

∴ The correct answer is 41 years.

Additional Information

Basic Average Formula

Average = (Sum of all observations) ÷ (Total number of observations). Sum = Average × Number.

Exclusion Rule

If the average decreases when a person leaves, the age of the person who left is greater than the original average.

Inclusion Rule

Age of new person = New average + (Change in average × Previous number of people).

Shortcut Trick

Identify the smallest difference between any two numbers: 1020 − 850 = 170.

The HCF must be a factor of this difference (170).

Factors of 170 are 1, 2, 5, 10, 17, 34, 85, 170.

Check options: 34 is the largest factor of 170 that divides 1020, 850, and 1156.

∴ The correct answer is 34.

Alternate Method

Given: Numbers are 1020, 850, and 1156.

Method: Prime Factorization Method.

⇒ Prime factors of 1020 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 17

⇒ Prime factors of 850 = 2 × 5 × 5 × 17

⇒ Prime factors of 1156 = 2 × 2 × 17 × 17

⇒ Common Prime Factors = 2 × 17

⇒ HCF = 34

∴ The correct answer is 34.

Additional Information

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

The largest number that divides two or more numbers without leaving a remainder. Also known as GCD (Greatest Common Divisor).

Difference Property

The HCF of a set of numbers is always a factor of the difference between any two numbers in that set.

HCF and LCM Relationship

For two numbers a and b, HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b) = a × b.

Shortcut Trick

Convert Speed from km/h to m/s: 15 × 5/18 = 25/6 m/s.

Required Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Time = 200 ÷ (25/6) = 8 × 6 = 48 sec.

∴ The correct answer is 48 sec.

Alternate Method

Given:

Distance = 200 m

Speed = 15 km/h

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Speed (m/s) = Speed (km/h) × (5/18)

⇒ Speed in m/s = 15 × (5/18) m/s

⇒ Speed = (5 × 5) ÷ 6 = 25/6 m/s

⇒ Time = 200 ÷ (25/6)

⇒ Time = (200 × 6) ÷ 25

⇒ Time = 8 × 6 = 48 sec

∴ The correct answer is 48 sec.

Additional Information

Unit Conversion Rules

To convert Speed from km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Average Speed

If a person covers equal distances at speeds x and y, the Average Speed is (2xy) ÷ (x + y).

Relative Speed

When two objects move in the opposite direction, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds (S₁ + S₂).

Shortcut Trick

Total Distance = 15 + 20 = 35 km

Total Time = 3 + 2 = 5 hours

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time = 35 ÷ 5 = 7 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 7 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Distance covered in 1st part = 15 km

Time taken for 1st part = 3 hours

Distance covered in 2nd part = 20 km

Time taken for 2nd part = 2 hours

Total Distance = 35 km

15 km 20 km

3 hours 2 hours

Total Time = 5 hours

Formula Used:

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Calculations:

⇒ Total Distance = 15 km + 20 km = 35 km

⇒ Total Time = 3 hours + 2 hours = 5 hours

⇒ Average Speed = 35 ÷ 5 = 7 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 7 km/h.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Equal Distances

If two equal distances are covered at speeds x and y, Average Speed = 2xy ÷ (x + y).

Average Speed for Equal Time

If a journey is covered at speeds x and y for equal time intervals, Average Speed = (x + y) ÷ 2.

Relative Speed

When moving in the same direction, relative speed = (x − y). When moving in opposite directions, relative speed = (x + y).

Shortcut Trick

Total Work (LCM of 50, 40, 30) = 600 units.

Efficiencies: S = 12, T = 15, M = 20.

Weekly Work: S (7 days) + T (3 days) + M (2 days).

Work per week = (12 × 7) + (15 × 3) + (20 × 2) = 84 + 45 + 40 = 169 units.

Weeks required = 600 ÷ 169 ≈ 3.55 weeks.

∴ The correct answer is Between 3 to 4 weeks.

Alternate Method

Given: Time taken by S = 50 days, T = 40 days, M = 30 days.

Formula Used: Total Work = LCM of time; Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time.

⇒ S works 7 days/week: Work = 12 × 7 = 84 units.

⇒ T works Mon, Wed, Fri (3 days): Work = 15 × 3 = 45 units.

⇒ M works Sat, Sun (2 days): Work = 20 × 2 = 40 units.

⇒ Total work in 1 week = 84 + 45 + 40 = 169 units.

⇒ Work in 3 weeks = 169 × 3 = 507 units.

⇒ Remaining work = 600 − 507 = 93 units.

⇒ Since 93 units is less than one full week's work (169), it will take more than 3 but less than 4 weeks.

∴ The correct answer is Between 3 to 4 weeks.

Additional Information

Alternate Day Work

In problems where people work on specific days, calculate the total work done in one complete cycle (e.g., a week) to find the number of full cycles required.

Efficiency and Time

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a task. Efficiency = Work ÷ Time.

Given

The radius of the cone (r) = 7 cm

Curved surface area (CSA) = 550 cm²

Formula:

The formula for the CSA of a cone = πrl, where l is the slant height.

The volume (V) of a cone = 1/3πr²h, where h is the height.

Solution:

The slant height (l) can be calculated from CSA = πrl,

so l = CSA / (π × r) = 550 cm² / (22/7 × 7) = 25 cm.

h = √(l² - r²) = √(25² - 7²) = 24 cm.

The volume (V) of the cone = 1/3πr² h = 1/3 × (22/7) × 7² × 24 = 1232 cm³.

Therefore, the volume of the cone is 1232 cm³.

Given

Cost price (CP) = Rs. 750

Loss = 8% of CP

Formula:

Selling price (SP) = CP - Loss

Solution:

⇒ Loss = 8/100 × CP = 8/100 × 750 = Rs. 60

⇒ Selling price (SP) = CP - Loss = 750 - 60 = Rs. 690

Therefore, the selling price of the bat is Rs. 690.

Given

First discount = 13%

Second discount = 19%

Concept

Successive discount formula: Total discount = a + b - (ab/100), where a and b are successive discounts.

Solution:

⇒ Total discount = 13 + 19 - (13 × 19/100) = 29.53%

Therefore, successive discounts of 13 percent and 19 percent are equivalent to a single discount of 29.53 percent.

Given

Marked price of jacket = ₹7,200

First discount = 20%

Second discount = 5%

Formula:

The selling price after successive discounts is calculated using the formula: SP = MP × (1 - D1/100) × (1 - D2/100), where MP is the marked price, and D1 and D2 are the two successive discounts.

Solution:

Selling price = 7200 × (1 - 20/100) × (1 - 5/100) = ₹5472

Therefore, a customer has to pay ₹5472 in cash for the jacket.

Given:

The inner diameter of the bowl = 14 cm

Rate of painting = Rs. 15 per cm²

Formula used:

The surface area of the hemisphere = 2πr²

Cost of painting = Surface area × Rate of painting

Calculation:

Radius (r) = Diameter/2 = 14 cm/2 = 7 cm

Surface area = 2 × (22/7) × 7² = 308 cm²

Cost of painting = 308 × 15 = Rs. 4620

∴ The cost of painting the bowl from the inside is Rs. 4620.

Given

Cost Price (CP) to Marked Price (MP) ratio = 3 : 4

Final Selling Price (SP) = Rs. 2,250

Two successive discounts of 25% each

Formula:

Successive discounts calculation

Loss = CP - SP

Solution:

⇒ If MP is 4, then CP = 3 (from the ratio).

If SP after two discounts is 2,250,

then MP = 2,250 / [(1-25/100)²] = Rs. 4000.

⇒ CP = (3/4) × 4000 = Rs. 3000.

⇒ Loss = CP - SP = 3000 - 2250 = Rs. 750

Therefore, the shopkeeper incurs a loss of Rs. 750 in this transaction.

Given:

Numbers for LCM calculation = 35, 42

Numbers for HCF calculation = 32, 40

Concept:

LCM and HCF calculation

Solution:

⇒ LCM of 35 and 42 = 210

⇒ HCF of 32 and 40 = 8

⇒ Division of LCM by HCF = 210/8 = 26.25

Therefore, the LCM of 35 and 42 divided by the HCF of 32 and 40 is 26.25.

Given

Two numbers for mean proportional calculation = 9, 25

Formula:

Mean proportional or geometric mean formula: √(ab), where a and b are the given numbers.

Solution:

Mean proportional = √(9 × 25) = √225 = 15

Therefore, the mean proportional between 9 and 25 is 15.

Given

Principal amount (P) = Rs. 12,500

Compound amount (A) = Rs. 21,600

Annual interest rate (r) = 20%

Formula:

Compound interest formula: A = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ,

where n is the number of years.

Solution:

Using the compound interest formula,

we get: 21600 = 12500 ×  (1 + 20/100)ⁿ

(1.2)ⁿ = 21600/12500

(6/5)n = (6/5)³

n = 3

Therefore, it will take 3 years for Rs. 12,500 to become Rs. 21,600 at a 20% per annum compound interest rate.

Given:

Population becomes 1.5P in 10 years

Population target = 2P

Concept

The rate of population growth is proportional to the time taken.

Solution:

If the population becomes 1.5P in 10 years, then it takes 10 years for the population to increase by 0.5P.

Therefore, to increase from 1P to 2P (an increase of 1P), it would take (10/0.5) × 1 = 20 years.

Therefore, under the same growth rate, the population of the city would become double in 20 years

Shortcut Trick

Population at the end of the second year = 30,240.

The population diminished by 4% during the second year.

Population at the end of the first year = 30,240 ÷ 0.96

Population at the end of the first year = 31,500.

∴ The correct answer is 31500.

Alternate Method

Given:

Population at the end of 2^nd year (P₂) = 30,240

Decrease during 2^nd year (r₂) = 4%

Formula:

Population at end of Year 1 = Population at end of Year 2 ÷ (1 − r/100)

Calculations:

⇒ Population at end of Year 1 = 30,240 ÷ (1 − 4/100)

⇒ Population at end of Year 1 = 30,240 ÷ (96/100)

⇒ Population at end of Year 1 = (30,240 × 100) ÷ 96

⇒ Population at end of Year 1 = 315 × 100

⇒ Population at end of Year 1 = 31,500

∴ The correct answer is 31500.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change

If a value changes by x% and then y%, the net change is [x + y + (xy/100)]%.

Population Depreciation Formula

Population after n years = P(1 ± r₁/100)(1 ± r₂/100)... where r is the rate of increase (+) or decrease (−).

Reverse Percentage

To find the original value after a decrease, use Original = Final ÷ (1 − decrease%).

Shortcut Trick

Assume Total Work = LCM(10, 12) = 60 units.

Efficiency: Bhanu = 60/10 = 6, Ramesh = 60/12 = 5.

Rohit efficiency = Bhanu + Ramesh = 6 + 5 = 11.

Ramesh + Rohit combined efficiency = 5 + 11 = 16.

Time = Total Work ÷ Combined Efficiency = 60 ÷ 16 = 3(3/4) days.

∴ The correct answer is 3(3/4) days.

Alternate Method

Given: Bhanu can complete the work in 10 days, and Ramesh can complete it in 12 days. Rohit takes as long as Bhanu and Ramesh working together.

Formula Used: Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time taken

⇒ Total Work = LCM of (10, 12) = 60 units.

⇒ Efficiency of Rohit = Efficiency of Bhanu + Efficiency of Ramesh = 6 + 5 = 11 units/day.

⇒ Combined efficiency of Ramesh and Rohit = 5 + 11 = 16 units/day.

⇒ Time taken by Ramesh and Rohit = 60 ÷ 16 = 15/4 days.

⇒ 15/4 days = 3(3/4) days.

The time taken by Ramesh and Rohit to complete the work together is 3(3/4) days, which corresponds to Option (3).

∴ The correct answer is 3(3/4) days.

Additional Information

Efficiency and Time Relation

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a work. If the ratio of time is a:b, the ratio of efficiency is b:a.

Combined Efficiency

When people work together, their individual efficiencies are added to find the net efficiency of the group.

LCM Method

Using the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the given time periods as the Total Work simplifies calculations by providing whole number efficiencies.

The correct answer is 'Option 1'. i.e. 'Humorous'.

Key Points

• The underlined word is "funny," meaning causing laughter or amusement (हास्यास्पद).
• The correct synonym is "humorous," meaning causing lighthearted laughter and amusement (हास्यप्रिय).

Therefore, the correct answer is- 'Humorous'.

 Additional Information

• Option 2: "Trendy" means fashionable (फैशनेबल).
• Option 3: "Nervous" means anxious or tense (घबराया हुआ).
• Option 4: "Tropical" pertains to the tropics, the regions close to the Equator (उष्णकटिबंधीय).

The correct answer is 'Option 4'. i.e. 'Hidden'.

Key Points

• The given word is "Apparent," meaning clearly visible or understood; obvious (प्रतित).
• The correct antonym is "Hidden," meaning concealed or not visible (छिपा हुआ).

Therefore, the correct answer is : 'Hidden'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "Obvious" means easily perceived or understood (स्पष्ट).
• Option 2: "Actual" means existing in fact (वास्तविक).
• Option 3: "Evident" means clear or obvious (स्पष्ट).

The correct answer is 'Option 1'. i.e. 'Descendant'.

 Key Points

• The word in brackets is "ancestor," meaning a person from whom one is descended (पूर्वज).
• The correct antonym is "descendant," meaning a person descended from a particular ancestor (वंशज).

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Descendant'

 Additional Information

• Option 2: "Primogenitor" means a first ancestor (प्रथम पूर्वज).
• Option 3: "Antecedent" means preceding in time or order (पूर्ववर्ती).
• Option 4: "Forerunner" means something that precedes something similar in time (अग्रदूत).

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 Key Points

• The idiom "Steal someone’s thunder" means to take the credit for something that someone else did (किसी और की मेहनत का श्रेय लेना).

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'To take the credit for something someone else did'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1: Refers to following the instructions of someone successful, not relevant to the idiom (सफल व्यक्ति की निर्देशना का पालन करना).
• Option 2: Means to mimic or imitate others (दूसरों का अनुकरण करना).
• Option 4: Means having a hard time deciding between two choices (दो विकल्पों में से चुनना मुश्किल होना).

The correct answer is 'Option 4'. i.e. 'Belief'.

 Key Points

• The given word is "Conviction," meaning a firmly held belief or opinion (Hindi: विश्वास).
• The correct synonym is "Belief," meaning trust, faith, or confidence in someone or something (Hindi: विश्वास).

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Belief'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "Approach" means a way of dealing with something (दृष्टिकोण).
• Option 2: "Suspicion" means a feeling that something is wrong (संदेह).
• Option 3: "Doubt" means a feeling of uncertainty (संदेह).

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e**. 'Alchemy'.**

 Key Points

• The underlined group of words refers to discussing the study of chemistry in a medieval fashion, related to alchemy (Hindi: रसायन शास्त्र).

Therefore, the correct answer is : 'Alchemy'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "Rhetoric" refers to persuasive speaking or writing (Hindi: वक्पतृता).
• Option 2: "Lexicography" refers to the practice of compiling dictionaries (Hindi: शब्दकोश विज्ञान).
• Option 4: "Anthropology" refers to the study of humans and human behavior (Hindi: मानवशास्त्र).

The correct answer is 'Option 1'. i.e. 'Curiculum'.

 Key Points

• The incorrect spelling is "Curiculum".
• The correct spelling is "Curriculum" (Hindi: पाठ्यक्रम).

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Curiculum'.

 Additional Information

• The other words are correctly spelled.

The correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 Key Points

• The sentence "The talk was not understandable" is grammatically correct.
• The word "understandable" is appropriately used in this context to mean something that can be understood.
• There is no need to substitute the underlined word, as the original sentence conveys the intended meaning.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'The talk was not understandable .'

 Additional Information

• Option 2: "Comprehensible" also means capable of being understood but is not required as a substitution here.
• Option 3: "Comprehended" means understood, but it is not suitable for the sentence.
• Option 4: "Comprehensive" means thorough and complete in detail, which does not fit in this context.

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 Key Points

• The sentence refers to the production of a resource in Jharkhand and a characteristic of the union territory of Jammu & Kashmir.
• Jharkhand is known for coal production, and Jammu & Kashmir is known for its cold weather.
• The correct pair of words for the blanks is "coal" and "cold," respectively.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'Jharkhand is a major coal producing state in India whereas the union territory of Jammu & Kashmir is a cold place.'

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 Key Points

• The given phrase "Soma has made a mess of her financial affairs" can be replaced by the idiom "made a hash of," meaning to make a complete mess of something (बिलकुल गड़बड़ कर देना).

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Made a hash of'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "Made up one’s mind" means to make a decision (निश्चय कर लेना).
• Option 2: "Made a mountain out of a molehill" means to make a small problem seem much bigger (छोटी सी बात को बड़ा बना देना).
• Option 4: "Made both ends meet" means to manage one's money so that one's income equals one's expenses (गुजारा करना).

The correct answer is 'Option 1'. i.e. 'Reacting'.

 Key Points

• The sentence is about William's inability to stop reacting to the officer's comments.
• The correct word to fill in the blank is "reacting," which means to respond with emotion or counteraction.
• The context suggests a reflexive response or objection to the comments.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'William couldn’t stop reacting against the comments of the officer. '

 Additional Information

• Option 2: "Opening" does not fit the context of the sentence.
• Option 3: "Responding" could be considered, but "reacting" is a more suitable choice for this context.
• Option 4: "Starting" does not convey the intended meaning.

The correct answer is 'Option 1'. i.e. 'Unfair'.

 Key Points

• The given word is "Just," meaning fair or based on what is right (न्यायपूर्ण).
• The antonym is "Unfair," meaning not based on or behaving according to the principles of equality and justice (अन्यायपूर्ण).

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Unfair'.

 Additional Information

• Option 2: "Gullible" means easily persuaded to believe something (सीधा).
• Option 3: "Honest" means truthful and straightforward (ईमानदार).
• Option 4: "Jovial" means cheerful and friendly (हर्षित).

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• The sentence "The technician has found it extremely difficult to fix the error in the programme" is grammatically correct.
• There are no errors in tense, subject-verb agreement, or word usage.
• Every part of the sentence is constructed correctly.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Option 2'.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'. i.e. 'Richness'.

 Key Points

• The underlined word "prosperity" means the state of being successful and having a lot of money (समृद्धि).
• The synonym is "Richness," meaning wealth or luxuriousness (धनिता).

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Richness'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "Poverty" means the state of being poor (गरीबी).
• Option 3: "Loft" means a room or space over a stable or barn (अटारी).
• Option 4: "Hardship" means severe suffering or deprivation (कठिनाई).

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 Key Points

• The underlined word "relevent" is incorrectly spelled.
• The correct spelling is "relevant," meaning closely connected to what is being done or considered (संबंधित).

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'They found it difficult to extract relevant information from the officer.'

The correct answer is 'Option 2'. i.e. 'Competence'.

 Key Points

• The context of the passage is about overconfidence and how people over assess their capabilities.
• The blank in the first sentence needs a word that fits with "Sometimes people over assess their (1) _________ and jump into situations that are beyond their control."
• The word "competence" refers to the ability to do something successfully or efficiently, and it aligns with the idea of overestimating one's abilities, leading to overconfidence.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "Liability" means a responsibility or obligation, and it does not fit in this context.
• Option 3: "Fidelity" refers to faithfulness or loyalty, which is unrelated to the theme of the passage.
• Option 4: "Endowment" typically refers to a quality or ability possessed in a greater-than-average degree, but it does not convey the notion of overestimating one's abilities as "competence" does.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'. i.e. 'Amongst'.

 Key Points

• The context of the sentence is Napoleon Bonaparte's saying that the word 'impossible' was common only in a particular situation or group.
• The word that fills the blank must convey the meaning of being common within or shared by a certain group of people or situation.
• "Amongst" is a preposition used to indicate being part of or included in a particular group of people or things, fitting perfectly in this context.

Therefore, the correct sentence is:

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "Betwixt" is an archaic word for between and does not fit in this context.
• Option 3: "Mid" is short for middle and is used more in the context of time or physical position, not suitable here.
• Option 4: "Through" means moving in one side and out of the other side and does not match the meaning required in the sentence.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'. i.e. 'Leads'.

Key Points

• The blank in question refers to the effect of overconfidence on individuals, and the word that fits must convey a causative relationship between overconfidence and misadventures.
• "Leads" is a verb that means to cause or have as a result, perfectly fitting the context of overconfidence causing people to engage in misadventures.
• The sentence, "Overconfidence generally leads people into misadventures, endangering their chances in life," captures the essence that overconfidence can cause poor judgment or decisions.
• The word "leads" is also grammatically correct in the sentence, maintaining the verb tense and agreeing with the subject.

Therefore, the correct sentence is:

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "Convoys" means to accompany or escort, usually for protection, and does not fit the context here.
• Option 3: "Manages" means to handle or control a situation, not suitable in describing the effect of overconfidence.
• Option 4: "Attends" usually means to be present at, or to take care of, and doesn't convey the idea of causing or leading to misadventures.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'. i.e. 'Foresee'.

Key Points

• In the given context, the sentence is explaining the risks associated with overconfidence, where people may not be able to predict or anticipate future developments, resulting in failure.
• The word "foresee" directly fits this context as it means to see or know beforehand, to anticipate or predict, which is what's missing in the situation described.
• The phrase "unable to foresee future developments" correctly conveys the idea that people who are overconfident often ignore external factors, leading them to make mistakes as they cannot predict what will happen next.
• The word "foresee" is grammatically correct and maintains the logical flow of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "Look" is a general term for directing one's gaze and does not convey the sense of anticipating or predicting future developments.
• Option 3**: "Divine"** can mean to foretell or discover by intuition, but it's more mystical or supernatural in its usage and not suitable in this context.
• Option 4: "Alert" typically refers to being watchful or vigilant and does not fit the context of predicting or anticipating future events.

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'Flaw'.

 Key Points

• The sentence describes overconfidence as a characteristic of people lacking modesty, and it is presented as something negative, something that leads to mistakes or misjudgments.
• The word "flaw" is used to describe a fault, mistake, or weakness in something, particularly in a person's character. This definition aligns with the context of the sentence where overconfidence is being portrayed as a negative trait.
• Using "flaw" makes the sentence read as "Overconfidence is a flaw characterising people who lack the virtue of modesty," which logically and grammatically fits the context.
• The word "flaw" is commonly used in discussions about character traits, especially when talking about a negative aspect or deficiency.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "Malformation" typically refers to a physical deformity or abnormal formation and does not suit the context of a character trait like overconfidence.
• Option 3: "Impairment" usually refers to a weakening or diminishment of a function or ability, not necessarily a character flaw or mistake, making it less suitable for the given context.
• Option 4: "Kink" might refer to a twist or quirk but does not aptly describe a negative character trait like overconfidence.

उपरोक्त वाक्य के "सीखना है।" वाक्य के भाग में अशुद्धि है।

Key Points

• वाक्‍य- मुझे अभी बहुत बातें सीखना है।
• इस वाक्‍य के भाग सीखना है। में शब्द-चयन सम्बन्धी अशुद्धि है।
• सही वाक्‍य- मुझे अभी बहुत बातें **सीखनी हैं।**​

Additional Information 

• वाक्य रचना में संज्ञा,सर्वनाम,विशेषण,क्रिया,अव्यय, वर्तनी से सम्बंधित या अन्य प्रकार की अशुद्धियाँ हो सकती हैं जिनसे सम्बंधित विभिन्न प्रश्न परीक्षाओं में पूछे जाते हैं।

जैसे -

संज्ञा संबंधित वाक्य शुद्धि

• अशुद्ध - मैं रविवार के दिन तुम्हारे घर आऊँगा।
• शुद्ध - मैं रविवार को तुम्हारे घर आऊँगा।

लिंग संबंधित अशुद्धियाँ

• अशुद्ध - सविता ने जोर से हँस दिया।
• शुद्ध - सविता जोर से हँस दी।

वचन संबंधित अशुद्धियाँ

• अशुद्ध -मेरे आँसू से रूमाल भींग गया।
• शुद्ध - मेरे आँसुओं से रूमाल भींग गया।

कारक संबंधित अशुद्धियाँ

• अशुद्ध - सब से नमस्ते।
• शुद्ध - सब को नमस्ते।

वाक्य के रेखांकित भाग को ''अधिक संख्या में विद्यमान'' को चुनकर प्रतिस्थापित क‍िया जाएगा। 

Key Points

• वाक्‍य- 'ऐसे साहित्य के रचयिता अधिक मात्रा में व्याप्त हैं।
• वाक्‍य में अधिक मात्रा में व्याप्त अनावश्‍यक शब्‍द का प्रयोग क‍िया गया है।
• सही शब्‍द- अधिक संख्या में विद्यमान
• अत: सही वाक्‍य- 'ऐसे साहित्य के रचयिता अधिक संख्या में विद्यमान हैं।

Additional Information

• वाक्य रचना में संज्ञा,सर्वनाम,विशेषण,क्रिया,अव्यय, वर्तनी से सम्बंधित या अन्य प्रकार की अशुद्धियाँ हो सकती हैं जिनसे सम्बंधित विभिन्न प्रश्न परीक्षाओं में पूछे जाते हैं।

जैसे -

संज्ञा संबंधित वाक्य शुद्धि

• अशुद्ध - मैं रविवार के दिन तुम्हारे घर आऊँगा।
• शुद्ध - मैं रविवार को तुम्हारे घर आऊँगा।

लिंग संबंधित अशुद्धियाँ

• अशुद्ध - सविता ने जोर से हँस दिया।
• शुद्ध - सविता जोर से हँस दी।

वचन संबंधित अशुद्धियाँ

• अशुद्ध -मेरे आँसू से रूमाल भींग गया।
• शुद्ध - मेरे आँसुओं से रूमाल भींग गया।

कारक संबंधित अशुद्धियाँ

• अशुद्ध - सब से नमस्ते।
• शुद्ध - सब को नमस्ते।

राजनेता शब्‍द के स्‍थान पर ''राजनेत्री'' शब्‍द का प्रयोग क‍िया जाएगा। अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points 

• वाक्‍य- इंदिरा गांधी भारत की राजनेता थीं।
• वा���्‍य में राजनेता शब्‍द का प्रयोग अशुद्ध क‍िया गया है। क्‍योंकि राजनेता पुल्लिंग शब्‍द के साथ प्रयोग क‍िया जाता है।
• वाक्‍य में इंद‍िरा गांधी द‍िया गया है, जो की एक महिला हैं। इसलिए यहॉं राजनेत्री शब्‍द का प्रयोग क‍िया जाएगा।
• अत: सही वाक्‍य- इंदिरा गांधी भारत की राजनेत्री थीं।

Additional Information वाक्‍य में अशुद्धियाँ- ​

• वाक्‍य सम्‍प्रेषण की सबसे महत्‍वपूर्ण और सार्थक इकाई है अत: वाक्‍यगत अशुद्धियों को शुद्ध रूप में लिखना वाक्‍य को अधिक सरल बनाता है।
• वाक्‍य में पदक्रम, पुनरावृत्ति, वर्तनी, शब्‍द-अर्थ, संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, लिंग, वचन, क्रिया, विशेषण, क्रिया-विशेषण आदि अशुद्धियॉं हो सकती हैं।

'जिसके पास न पहुँचा जा सके' वाक्‍यांश के लिए एक शब्‍द अगम्य है। अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• 'जिसके पास न पहुँचा जा सके'- अगम्य।

​अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प- 

Important Points 

उपर्युक्त वाक्य में रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति के ल‍िए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्‍त व‍िकल्‍प (1) ''वह स्थान है, जहां व्यायाम किया जाता है।''

Key Points 

• व्यायामशाला- वह स्थान है, जहां व्यायाम किया जाता है।

अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प- 

Important Points 

"कल वह गया ही नहीं।" यह वाक्य अनुबद्ध क्रिया-विशेषण से सम्बन्ध नहीं रखता है।

Key Points

• वाक्‍य- कल वह गया ही नहीं।
• यह वाक्‍य बलबोधक न‍िपात के अंतर्गत आयेगा। क्‍योंक‍ि यहॉं ही शब्‍द का प्रयोग क‍िया गया है।
• अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍पों में द‍िए गए सभी वाक्‍य अनुबद्ध क्रिया-विशेषण के हैं।
• न‍िपात- क‍िसी पद व‍िशेष पर जोर देने के ल‍िए उस पद के बाद प्रयुक्त होने वाले अव्‍यय न‍िपात कहे जाते हैं।
• न‍िपात के 9 भेद हैं-

1. स्वीकृतिबोधक (स्वीकार्य) निपात – हा, जी, जी हाँ।
2. नकारबोधक निपात – जी नहीं, नहीं।
3. निषेधबोधक निपात – मत।
4. प्रश्नबोधक निपात – क्या।
5. विस्मयबोधक निपात – क्या, काश।
6. तुलनाबोधक निपात – सा।
7. अवधारणाबोधक निपात – ठीक, करीब, लगभग, तकरीबन।
8. आदरबोधक निपात – जी।
9. बलबोधक न‍िपात- तक, भर, स‍िर्फ, केवल, ही।

Additional Information

• अनुबद्ध क्रिया-विशेषण- जिन शब्दों का प्रयोग निश्चय के किसी भी शब्द भेद के साथ हो सकता हो, उसे अनुबद्ध क्रिया-विशेषण कहते हैं।
• उदाहरण-

1. यह काम तो गलत ही हुआ है।
2. आपके आने भर की देर है।
3. मैंने उसे देखा भर था।
4. यह कार्य तो किसी ने कर दिया।
5. सीता गा तो सकती है।

मुहावरे की पूर्ति के लिए सर्वाध‍िक उपयुक्‍त शब्‍द भाव है। अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• मुहावरा- 'आटे दाल का भाव  मालूम होना'।
• इस मुहावरे के पूर्ति के ल‍िए भाव शब्‍द का प्रयोग क‍िया जाएगा।
• सही मुहावरा- 'आटे दाल का भाव  मालूम होना'।

Important Points

• मुहावरा- आटे दाल का भाव  मालूम होना।
• मुहावरे का अर्थ- कष्टों का अनुभव होना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग- इस महँगाई में मकान बनाओगे तो आटे-दाल का भाव मालूम हो जायेगा।

'जिसका जन्‍म बाद में हुआ हो' "अनुज" कहलाता है। अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• अनुज- जिसका जन्म बाद में हुआ हो।

अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प- 

Important Points

उपरोक्त वाक्य के रिक्त स्थान को काँटे शब्‍द के उचति पर्याय शूल से पूर्ण क‍िया जाएगा। 

Key Points

• जिनका जीवन काँटों के बीच बीतता है वही शूल की चुभन सह सकते हैं।
• इस वाक्‍य में शूल शब्‍द का प्रयोग क‍िया जाएगा, जो कॉंटे शब्‍द का सही पर्याय है।
• कॉंटे के पर्यायवाची शब्‍द-  कंटक, खाँग, मेख़, कंट, फाँस, शूल आदि।
• अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं।

अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प-