SSC GD Constable (2022) Official Paper (Held On : 01 Feb 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct mirror image of the given combination when mirror is placed at MN is as shown below:

Detailed Explanation:

• The line MN is the mirror
• The word "GRO36VEt" the fifth digit is "6". So, the mirror image should be "

"  ⇒ Option 2 is eliminated.

• The word "GRO36VEt" the seventh letter is "E". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 3 is eliminated..

• The word "GRO36VEt" the second letter is "R". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 4 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (1)".

Logic : (2^nd number × 8) = 1^st number

So,

• 104 : 13

13 × 8 = 104

104 = 104 (LHS = RHS)

And,

• 168 : 21

21 × 8 = 168

168 = 168 (LHS = RHS)

Similarly, 

• ? : 37

37 × 8 = ?

296 = ?

Hence, "296" is the correct answer.

Logic : Each number is divided by decreasing number series starting with (6).

So,

Hence,"24" is the correct answer.

Logic :

• Vowels → Rearranged first according to English alphabetic series.
• Consonants → Rearranged after vowels according to English alphabetic series.

So,

• ‘DANCE’ is written as ‘AECDN’

And,

• ‘MUSIC’ is written as ‘IUCMS’

​Similarly,

• ‘SONG’ will be written as :

​Hence, "OGNS" is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. Some brushes are tables → Does not Follow (As, all brushes are easels and some easels are tables. So, it is possible but not definitely true.)

II. Some paints are easels → Follow (As, some paints are brushes and all brushes are easels. So, whole brushes comes in easels and have some part common with paints therefore it is definitely true.)

III. Some easels are brushes → Follow (As, all brushes are easels. So, whole brushes comes in easels therefore it is definitely true.)

So, Only conclusions II and III follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusions II and III follow".

Given equation : 72 - 6 + 2 × 216 ÷ 24 = 420  

Now, by interchanging the signs

• Option - (1) : × and ÷

72 - 6 + 2 × 216 ÷ 24 = 420 ⇒ 72 - 6 + 2 ÷ 216 × 24 = 420

72 - 6 + 0.009 × 24 = 420

72 + 0.216 - 6 = 420

72.216 - 6 = 420

66 ≠ 420 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : - and ×​

72 - 6 + 2 × 216 ÷ 24 = 420 ⇒ 72 × 6 + 2 - 216 ÷ 24 = 420

72 × 6 + 2 - 9 = 420

432 + 2 - 9 = 420

434 - 9 = 420

425 ≠ 420 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : - and +

72 - 6 + 2 × 216 ÷ 24 = 420 ⇒ 72 + 6 - 2 × 216 ÷ 24 = 420

72 + 6 - 2 × 9 = 420

72 + 6 - 18 = 420

78 - 18 = 420

60 ≠ 420 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : - and ÷

72 - 6 + 2 × 216 ÷ 24 = 420 ⇒ 72 ÷ 6 + 2 × 216 - 24 = 420

12 + 2 × 216 - 24 = 420

12 + 432 - 24 = 420

444 - 24 = 420

420 = 420 (LHS = RHS)

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

Logic :

• First two letters → (1) and (3) are added to first and second letters respectively according to English alphabetic series.
• Last two letters → (5) is subtracted from and added to the third and fourth letter respectively according to English alphabetic series.

So,

​Hence, "FQRX" is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1. For ''

element → Flipping horizontally subsequently.

2. For '

' element →  Rotating 90º clockwise in forward and backward direction.

3. For '

' element → No change

Final series is

Hence, ‘option - (3)’ is the correct answer.

Given:

• The image must not to be rotated

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (2)".

Given equation : 790 + 5 ÷ 58 × 5 - 96 = 352 

Now, by interchanging the signs

• Option - (1) : + and ÷

790 + 5 ÷ 58 × 5 - 96 = 352 ⇒ 790 ÷ 5 + 58 × 5 - 96 = 352 

158 + 58 × 5 - 96 = 352

158 + 290 - 96 = 352

448 - 96 = 352

352 = 352 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (2) : ÷ and -​

790 + 5 ÷ 58 × 5 - 96 = 352 ⇒ 790 + 5 - 58 × 5 ÷ 96 = 352

790 + 5 - 58 × 0.05 = 352

790 + 5 - 2.9 = 352

795 - 2.9 = 352

792.1 ≠ 352 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : + and -

790 + 5 ÷ 58 × 5 - 96 = 352 ⇒ 790 - 5 ÷ 58 × 5 + 96 = 352

790 - 0.08 × 5 + 96 = 352

790 + 96 - 0.4 = 352

886 - 0.4 = 352

885.6 ≠ 352 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : ÷ and ×

790 + 5 ÷ 58 × 5 - 96 = 352 ⇒ 790 + 5 × 58 ÷ 5 - 96 = 352

790 + 5 × 11.6 - 96 = 352

790 + 58 - 96 = 352

848 - 96 = 352

752 ≠ 352 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (1)" is the correct answer.

Logic : 

• First and last letter → (2) is added to the position value according to English alphabetic series.
• Second and third letter → (1) and (2) are subtracted from the position value according to English alphabetic series from second and third letter respectively

So,

​Hence, "EXQI" is the correct answer.

Logic : (7) is added to and (5) is subtracted from each alternately. 

So,

Hence, "112" is the correct answer.

Logic : (2) is added to the position values according to English alphabetic series and is written diagonally.

So,

• QUEST : VUGWS

And,

• REACH : JECGT

​Similarly,

• SOLVE : ?

​Hence, "GXNQU" is the correct answer.

From the given two dices,

→ $ and ! are common surface in both Dice, therefore, '*' is the opposite surface of '÷'.

Here, '*' is opposite to the face containing '÷'.

Hence, the correct answer is "*"$.

Given :

Statement given :  L + M % N = O # P

So,

• L + M → L is the daughter of M.

• M % N → M is the brother of N.

• N = O → N is the son of O.

• O # P → O is the wife of P.

​

Thus, according to the final family tree P is paternal grandfather i.e father's father of L.

Hence, "Father's father" is the correct answer.

r

Logic : First (10) is subtracted from the sum of the position values according to English alphabetic series then the resultant is multiplied by (2) .

So,

• ‘MARINE’ is coded as ‘100’

And,

• ‘NORMAL’ is coded as ‘126’

​Similarly,

• ‘REALM’ will be coded as :

​Hence, "78" is the correct answer.

According to the sequence in the dictionary:

5. podium
6. pointed
7. pollen
8. popular
9. populate

Hence, the correct option is "5, 1, 2, 4, 3".

Logic : Term : Antonym

So,

• Antonym of friend is foe.

Similarly,

• Antonym of Die is live.

Hence, "Live" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

1. End → Antonyms are beginning or start.
2. Live → Antonyms are die or deceased.
3. Life → Antonym is death.
4. Cry → Antonyms are laugh or smile.

Given : Six friends M, N, O, P, Q and R, are sitting in a row facing South.

Explanation : 

1) N is exactly in between P and Q.

2) M is to the immediate right of P.

3) Q is at the extreme left of the row.

4) O is to the immediate left of R.

Thus, according to the final arrangement M is sitting to the immediate left to O.

Hence, "M" is the correct answer.

Given : Eight people, D, E, G, H, M, N, Y and Z are sitting in a straight line, facing north.

Explanation : 

1) Y sits at one of the extreme ends of the line.

2. Only three people sit between Y and Z.

3. E sits second to the right of Z.

4) Only three people sit between E and D.

As definite position of Y is not known yet therefore, there are two possible positions for Y.

• Case - (1) :

• Case - (2) :

4) G sits at one of the positions to the left of D but not at an extreme end of the line.

5. M is not an immediate neighbour of Z.

6) N sits second to the right of H.

As in case - (2) only possible position for G is at the left end but according to the given condition G cannot e positioned at any of the ends therefore case - (2) is eliminated.

• Case - (1) :

Thus, according to the final arrangement three people i.e Y, G and D sits to the left of H.

Hence, "Three" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Blue.

• The colour of red litmus paper turns blue when it reacts with base.

Key Points

• The base is a chemical substance that donates electrons, accepts protons, or releases hydroxide (OH^-) ions in aqueous solution.
• It tastes bitter and changes the colour of red litmus into blue. It reacts with acids to form salts.
• Phenolphthalein changes from colourless to pink in the presence of a basic solution.
• Litmus paper is a paper that is treated with a specific indicator which is a mixture of 10 to 15 natural dyes obtained from lichens.
• It is helpful in determining whether the solution is acidic or basic.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Jyotirao Phule.

• Jyotibha Phule, the founder of Satyashodhak samaj Satyashodhak Samaj(Truth-seekers' Society) was a social reform society founded by Jyotirao Phule in Pune, Maharashtra, on 24 September 1873.

Key Points

• Satyashodhak Samaj:-
• Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth-seekers' Society) was a social reform society founded by Jyotirao Phule in Pune, Maharashtra, on 24 September 1873.
• It espoused a mission of education and increased social rights and political access for underprivileged groups, focusing especially on women, Shudras, and Dalits, in Maharashtra.
• Jyotirao's wife Savitribai was the head of the women's section of society.
• The Samaj disbanded during the 1930s as leaders left to join the Indian National Congress party under Mahatma Gandhi.
• ​Jyotirao Govindrao Phule:-
• Jyotirao Govindrao Phule (11 April 1827 – 28 November 1890) was an Indian social activist, thinker, anti-caste social reformer, and writer from Maharashtra.
• His work extended to many fields, including the eradication of untouchability and the caste system, and women's emancipation.
• He revolted against the domination of the Brahmins and struggled for the rights of peasants and other low-caste people.
• Mahatma Jyotiba Phule was also a pioneer for women's education in India and fought for the education of girls throughout his life.
• He is believed to be the first Hindu to start an orphanage for unfortunate children.

The correct answer is Alaknanda.

Key Points

• Devprayag
• Devprayag is a town and a Nagar panchayat (municipality) in Tehri Garhwal district in the state of Uttarakhand, India.
• It is one of the Panch Prayag (five confluences) of the Alaknanda River where the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers meet and take the name Ganga.
• According to mythology, there is another river related to this confluence named Saraswati, which originates from Mana village of Badrinath.
• Devprayag is the place where the rivers Alaknanda & Bhagirathi are confluent.
• Devprayag is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Tehri Garhwal District. in the state of Uttarakhand, India, and is the final one of the Panch Prayag (five confluences) of Alaknanda River where Alaknanda meets the Bhagirathi river and both rivers thereafter flow on as the Ganges river or Ganga.
• According to mythology, there is another river that belongs to this confluence named Saraswati, which originates from Mana Village in Badrinath, the footprints of Lord Rama are purported to exist at "Ram Kunda.
• Devprayag is the home to the priests of Badrinath. They are known as "Pandas."
• In Devprayag, the river comes from the feet of Shri Raghunath Ji in Raghunath Temple.
• "Devprayag" means "Godly Confluence" in Sanskrit.
• Devprayag is the home of the late Acharya, Pt. Chakradhar Joshi (a scholar in Astronomy and Astrology) established Nakshatra VedhShala in the year 1946.
• Devprayag is surrounded by 3 Godly peaks, namely Giddhanchal Parvat, Dashrathanchal Parvat, and Narsinghancal Parvat.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Manoj Pande.

Key Points

• The government has approved the proposal for the appointment of Eastern Army Commander Lieutenant General Manoj Pande as the next Chief of Army Staff.
• Lieutenant General Manoj Pande took charge as the 29^th Chief of the Army Staff
• General Pande succeeds to Gen Manoj Mukund Naravane who superannuated on April 30, 2022.
• Before being appointed as the Chief of Army Staff, Lt Gen Manoj Pande was serving as the Vice Chief of the Army Staff. 
• Lt Gen BS Raju has taken the charge as the Vice Chief of Army Staff on May 1, 2022.
• He was earlier the Director-General at Army Headquarters.
• He has taken an active part in Operation Vijay and Operation Parakram.

Additional Information

• Important current affairs of 2021-22 related to the Indian Army.
• The 8^th edition of the Indian Army Chief’s Conclave, a gathering of serving and former Chiefs of Army Staff of the Indian Army, was organised at New Delhi from September 16-18.
• Indian Air Force (IAF) has deployed the first squadron of Russian to make the S-400 air defence missile system in the western Punjab sector in December 2021.
• Indian Army Day is celebrated on 15 January every year in India, in recognition of Field Marshal Kodandera M. Cariappa's taking over as the first Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army.
• Army Chief General M.M. Naravane has assumed the charge as the Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee that comprises the three service chiefs in December 2021.
• The Indian Army won the gold medal at the prestigious Cambrian Patrol Exercise which was held in the United Kingdom.
• Nepal Army Chief Gen Prabhu Ram Sharma was conferred with the honorary rank of ‘General of the Indian Army’ by President Ram Nath Kovind in November 2021.
• The Indian Army celebrates October 27 every year as ‘Infantry Day'.
• In 2021, the nation celebrated its 75^th Infantry Day on October 27, 2021.

The correct answer is the Inland Waterways Authority of India.

Key Points

• The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is responsible for the development, maintenance, and management of inland waterways in India.
• IWAI was established in 1986 and is headquartered in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.
• It works towards promoting inland water transport and providing an efficient and cost-effective mode of transportation for goods and passengers.
• IWAI oversees the development of National Waterways, which are designated stretches of inland waterways that have been declared as National Waterways by the government.
• Steel Authority of India is a public sector undertaking that is involved in the production of steel and related products. It is not responsible for inland waterways in India.
• The National Highway Authority of India is responsible for the development, maintenance, and management of national highways in India. It is not responsible for inland waterways.
• The Airport Authority of India is responsible for the management and development of airports in India. It has no role in inland waterways.

The correct answer is Droupadi Murmu

Key PointsDroupadi Murmu 

• ​Droupadi Murmu was elected the 15^th President of India.
• Since July 25, 2022, Droupadi Murmu, also known as Puti Biranchi Tudu, has held the office of India's 15^th president.
• She was born on June 20, 1958. After Pratibha Patil, she is the second woman to hold the position and the first member of a tribal community to do so.
• Along with being the first President born in Independent India, she is also the youngest person to hold the position.

Additional Information 

• On June 20, 1958, Droupadi Murmu was born to a Santali family in the village of Uparbeda in the Rairangpur, Odisha, neighborhood of Baidaposi.  Biranchi Narayan Tudu, her father, was a farmer.
• Her father and grandfather served as the local council's traditional leaders, or Sarpanch (Gram Panchayat).
• They gave her the name Puti Tudu.
• Her teacher changed her name from Durpadi to Droupadi, and she had previously gone by the names Dorpdi and   Durpadi.
• Ram Nath Kovind is the 14^th President of India.
• That presidential election was held on 17^th July 2017.
• He was earlier the Governor of Jharkhand.
• Pratibha Devi Singh Patil was the first woman president of India.
• She was born on 19 December 1934.
• She is an Indian politician who served as the 12^th President of India from 2007 to 2012.

The correct answer is savings.

Key Points

• Disposable Personal Income Formula = Personal Income - Direct taxes + Consumption Expenditure + Savings

Key Points

• Personal Disposable income:
• Disposable income or disposable personal income is an economic term that means the money that is available for household consumption, savings, and spending after accounting for income tax.
• ​It is an important indicator that is used by economists in determining the demand in an economy.
• It is used to estimate the overall state of the country’s economy.

​

Additional Information

• In national accounts definitions, personal income minus personal current taxes equals disposable personal income.
• Subtracting personal outlays yields personal (or, private) savings, hence the income left after paying away all the taxes is referred to as disposable income.
• For the economy or country, it is calculated as:
• National Income + All the Indirect Taxes + Transfers from other Countries.

The correct answer is Article 22.

Key Points

• Article 22 - Protection against arrest and detention 
• No person, who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by a legal practitioner of his choice.
• Every person, who is arrested and detained in custody is to be produced before the nearest Magistrate within a period of 24 hours of arrest and such person cannot be  detained in custody beyond that period without the authority of a Magistrate.
• Article 22 is not available to an enemy alien and a person arrested or detained under a law providing for preventive detention (detention of a person without trial).
• The detention of a person cannot exceed three months under the Preventive Detention Law.

Additional Information 

• Article 10 of the Constitution of India states that Any person who is considered a citizen of India under any of the provisions of this Part shall continue to be citizens and will also be subject to any law made by the Parliament
• Article 47 of the Constitution of India directs the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
• Article 35 of the Constitution of India provides for the power of the Parliament to make laws with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List.

The correct answer is pollution.

Key Points 

Here are some points to explain why industrial development is associated with pollution:

• Industrial development involves the establishment and growth of factories, power plants, and other facilities that produce goods and services on a large scale. These facilities require energy, raw materials, and other inputs, which are often extracted from the environment. As a result, industrial development can lead to various types of pollution, such as air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution.
• Air pollution is caused by the emission of harmful gases and particles into the atmosphere from industrial processes such as the burning of fossil fuels, transportation, and manufacturing. This can lead to respiratory problems, heart disease, and other health issues for humans and animals.
• Water pollution is caused by the release of toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and other contaminants into rivers, lakes, and oceans. This can harm aquatic life and make water unsafe for human consumption.
• Soil pollution is caused by the accumulation of hazardous waste, pesticides, and other chemicals in the soil. This can affect the quality of crops and livestock, and also contaminate groundwater.

Additional Information

• Sustainable development is a concept that refers to the development of an economy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. While industrial development can contribute to economic growth, it may not always be sustainable in the long run due to the environmental and social costs associated with it.
• High revenue collection, refers to the financial benefits that can be generated by industrial development through taxes, fees, and other sources of income. While this can be a positive outcome, it should not be the sole focus of industrial development as it may come at the expense of the environment and public health.
• Economic growth is often cited as a key benefit of industrial development as it can create jobs, increase productivity, and raise living standards. However, economic growth should not be pursued at the expense of environmental and social sustainability.

The correct answer is Anurag Singh Thakur

Key Points

• Anurag Singh Thakur is an Indian politician and a Member of Parliament from the Hamirpur constituency in Himachal Pradesh.
• He has been serving as the Union Minister of Information undefined Broadcasting and Youth Affairs undefined Sports since July 2021.
• As the Minister of Information undefined Broadcasting, his responsibilities include overseeing the functioning of the media sector in India, including print, electronic, and digital media.
• As the Minister of Youth Affairs undefined Sports, he is responsible for promoting sports and physical fitness among the youth of the country
• Kiren Rijiju is an Indian politician and the current Minister of Law and Justice in India. He previously served as the Minister of State for Youth Affairs undefined Sports from 2016 to 2019.
• Narayan Rane is a former Chief Minister of Maharashtra and a Member of Parliament from the Rajya Sabha. He is not currently serving as a Union Minister.
• Ashwini Vaishnav is an Indian politician and a Member of Parliament from the Rajya Sabha. He is currently serving as the Union Minister of Railways, Communications, and Electronics undefined Information Technology.

Additional Information 

Important Cabinet Ministers:

The correct answer is disguised unemployment.

Key Points  

• The type of unemployment in the agricultural sector of India where more people are employed than required is known as disguised unemployment.
• It is a common form of unemployment in rural areas.
• Disguised unemployment will occur when more people are engaged in a job than required.
• A study conducted in the late 1950s reported that one-third of agriculture workers in India as disguisedly unemployed
• Unemployment is the situation where a person is searching for a job but not able to get one.

Additional Information

• Types of Unemployment in India:
• Disguised Unemployment: 
• It is a phenomenon wherein more people are employed than actually needed.
• It is primarily traced in the agricultural and unorganized sectors of India.
• Seasonal Unemployment:
• It is unemployment that occurs during certain seasons of the year.
• Agricultural labourers in India rarely worked throughout the year.
• Cyclical Unemployment:
• It is the result of the business cycle, where unemployment rises during recessions and declines with economic growth.
• Cyclical unemployment figures in India are negligible.
• It is a phenomenon that is mostly found in capitalist economies.
• Technological Unemployment:
• It is the loss of jobs due to changes in technology.
• In 2016, World Bank data predicted that the proportion of jobs threatened by automation in India is 69% year-on-year.
• Frictional Unemployment:
• Frictional Unemployment also called Search Unemployment, refers to the time lag between the jobs when an individual is searching for a new job or is switching between the jobs.
• In other words, an employee requires time for searching for a new job or shifting from the existing to a new job, this inevitable time delay causes frictional unemployment.
• It is often considered voluntary unemployment because it is not caused due to the shortage of jobs, but in fact, the workers themselves quit their jobs in search of better opportunities.
• Vulnerable Employment:
• This means, people, working informally, without proper job contracts and thus sans any legal protection.
• These persons are deemed ‘unemployed’ since records of their work are never maintained.
• It is one of the main types of unemployment in India.

The correct answer is G.S.T.

Key Points

• G.S.T. (Goods and Services Tax) is an example of an indirect tax because it is imposed on the final consumer, but is collected by businesses at each stage of production and distribution.
• Indirect taxes are those that are imposed on goods and services and are ultimately paid by the consumer, while direct taxes are those that are imposed on individuals or entities and are paid directly by them.
• Gift tax is a tax on the transfer of property by one individual to another, and is usually paid by the person giving the gift.
• Gift tax is a direct tax, as it is imposed directly on the person giving the gift.
• Corporation tax for firms is a tax on the profits of the company and is usually paid by the company itself.
• Corporation tax for firms is also a direct tax, as it is imposed on the profits of the company.
• Property tax is a tax on the value of property and is usually paid by the owner of the property. 
• Property tax is a direct tax, as it is imposed on the owner of the property.

Additional Information

• Indirect tax -
• The tax which is not taken directly from the public but reaches the government indirectly is called indirect tax.
• The tax levied by the state on consumption, import, export, and production, etc. is an indirect tax.
• Excise Duty was a type of Indirect Tax which was imposed on all production or manufacturing of goods.
• Excise duty has been replaced by the Goods and Services Tax(GST) w.e.f. 1 July 2017.
• GST subsumed many central and state indirect taxes.
• It is a destination-based tax.
• Following indirect taxes were subsumed under GST:
• Taxes collected by Centre: Central Excise Duty, Duties of Excise, Additional Duties of Excise, Additional Duties of Customs, Special Additional Duty of Customs, Service Tax and Central Surcharges and Cesses so far as they relate to supply of goods and services.
• Taxes collected by State: State VAT, Central Sales Tax, Luxury Tax, Entry Tax, Entertainment and Amusement Tax, Taxes on advertisements, Purchase Tax, Taxes on lotteries, Betting and Gambling, State Surcharges and Cesses so far as they relate to supply of goods and services.
• Some goods are beyond the scope of GST.
• Petroleum, High-speed diesel, Petrol, Natural gas, Aviation fuel and Liquor. Export Duty, Basic Customs Duty, Toll Tax, Stamp Duty, Property Tax, Road & Passenger Tax, Electricity Duty were not subsumed under GST.

The correct answer is Calcium carbonate.

Key Points

• Calcium carbonate and its forms: 
• In nature, calcium carbonate occurs in the forms of chalk, limestone, and marble.
• Limestone, chalk, and marble are all sedimentary rocks that are composed mainly of calcium carbonate.
• Limestone is a sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation of calcium carbonate shells and skeletons of marine organisms.
• Chalk is a soft, white, porous rock that is made up of the microscopic remains of marine plankton.
• Formation:
• ​The skeletal remains of dead sea animals sink to the seabed. Over millions of years, layer build-up and pressure from the top layer changes the bottom layer into chalk.
• Earth movements due to earthquakes lift the layer of chalk to the Earth's surface.
• The earth's movements can also cause the layers to sink further. Thus, high pressure and heat cause the chalk to turn into much harder limestone.
• The limestone deposit may stay below the Earth for a longer time and due to higher pressure and temperature, the limestone turns to marble.

Additional Information

• Calcium Oxide (CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound.
• It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature.
• Calcium phosphate [Ca₃(PO₄)₂] is fundamental to the formation of teeth and bone.
• Calcium phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid. It is also known as Calcium phosphate tribasic or Tricalcium Phosphate.
• Calcium Hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂] is also known as Slaked lime.
• It is a white powder or colourless crystal which is obtained when quicklime (calcium oxide) is mixed with water.

The correct answer is Chaitra.

Key Points

• Gangaur festival
• ​It is a festival celebrated in the Indian state of Rajasthan and some parts of Gujarat Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal.
• It starts on the first day of the month of Chaitra (as per the Hindu calendar) which is on the following day of Holi.
• It is consummated on the third day of Shukla Paksha of the same month.
• Women are expected to observe a fast restricting themselves to only one meal a day.
• Goddess Parvati/Gauri is worshipped by them. Women also urge the goddess to bless their husbands with good health and long life.
• Clay idols of Shiva-Gauri perfected by the local craftsmen are decorated and worshipped during the full course of the festival.

Additional Information

• Phalguna is the Hindu month that falls between February and March.
• It is the month of Holi, the festival of colors.
• Ashvina is the Hindu month that falls between September and October.
• It is the month of Navratri, the festival of nine nights.
• Kartika is the Hindu month that falls between October and November.
• It is the month of Diwali, the festival of lights.

The correct answer is China.

Key Points

• The People's Republic of China won 96 gold medals overall in the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics, followed by Great Britain and the United States of America.
• With 96 gold medals and 207 total medals, China took the top spot in the medal count for the fifth consecutive Paralympics.
• With 41 gold medals and 124 overall medals, Great Britain placed second for the eighth time.
• With 37 gold medals, the United States came in third place overall, which was their highest result since the 2008 Games
• Out of a total of 162 countries, India is ranked 24^th in the overall medal tally in the Tokyo Paralympics 2020.
• Indian Flag Bearers:
• opening ceremony - Javelin thrower Tek Chand
• closing ceremony - Shooter Avani Lekhara
• The Indian theme song of Paralympics 2020:
• “Kar de Kamaal tu” by Sanjeev Singh who composed and sang the song.
• India won 19 medals which includes five gold, eight silver, and six bronze.

Additional Information

• The United States of America won 37 gold medals and stood at third position in the medal tally.
• Great Britain won 41 gold medals and stood at second position in the medal tally.
• Russia did not participate in the 2020 Summer Paralympics due to a ban on Russian athletes by the International Paralympic Committee.
• The 2020 Summer Paralympics were held in Tokyo, Japan, from August 24 to September 5, 2021.

The correct answer is Kautilya.

Key Points

• Arthashastra was written by Kautilya.
• Kautilya was Prime Minister of the Mauryan empire and also an academician at Taxila University.
• Arthashastra deals with the qualities and disciplines needed for a king to rule his empire.
• According to Kautilya, a king is one who is always active in promoting the protection and welfare of the people.
• Kautilya has for the first time defined the state in Arthashastra.
• According to him, a State consists of people and the ruler who controlled the state.

Additional InformationVishakhadatta 

• Vishakhadatta was a little different from other dramatists.
• His simple passages have a deep impact on readers as compared to both Kalidasa and Banabhatta in philosophical learning.
• He wrote two impressive plays "Mudraraksasa" and the "Devichandraguptam" in Sanskrit language with beautiful words.

Megasthenes, who wrote the famous book Indica about India, was originally from the country of Greece.

• Megasthenes came to India in 302 B.C. as an ambassador for Seleucus, the representative in India from the greek Prince Alexander.
• Megasthenes, (born c. 350 bc—died c. 290), ancient Greek historian and diplomat, author of an account of India, the Indica, in four books.

Vasudeva

• Vasudeva was the founder of the Kanvas dynasty.
• Vasudeva was the minister of the last Sunga ruler, Devabhuti.
• Vasudeva assassinated Devabhuti and established the Kanvas dynasty.

The correct option is Bharatanatyam.

Key Points

• Bharatanatyam is a major form of Indian classic dance that originated in Tamil Nadu.
• The theoretical foundations of Bharatanatyam are found in Natya Shashtra, the ancient Hindu text of performance arts.
• Alarmel Valli is a leading Indian classic dancer and choreographer and the foremost exponent of the Pandanallur style, in the Indian classical dance form, Bharatanatyam.
• She founded The Dipasikha Dance Foundation in Chennai in 1984, where she teaches Bharatanatyam.
• In 1991, Alarmel Valli was the second youngest dancer to be conferred the Padma Shri from the Government of India, after Vvjayanthimala.
• She was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2001 by India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama, Padma Bhushan in 2004 and Chevalier of Arts and Letters award from the Government of France the same year.

Additional InformationSome Indian classic dances and their states of origin:

The correct answer is Cricket.

Key Points

• Cricket, as it is the only sport that has an oval field with a rectangular area in the middle called the pitch, which measures 22 yards by 10 feet wide.
• The pitch is where the bowler delivers the ball to the batsman, who tries to hit it and score runs by running back and forth between the wickets at either end of the pitch.
• Cricket is a popular sport in many countries, especially in South Asia, Australia, and England, and is known for its long duration, strategic gameplay, and unique terminology.
• The distance between the two wickets is normally 20.12 meters.
• The height of stamps is generally 71.1 cm above the ground.
• The bowling crease should be 2.64m in length and must be marked at each end of the pitch in line with the wickets.

Additional Information

• Lawn tennis is played on a rectangular court with a net in the middle and involves hitting a ball over the net with a racket.
• Basketball is played on a rectangular court with two hoops on either end and involves shooting a ball into the opposing team's hoop to score points.
• Volleyball is played on a rectangular court with a net in the middle and involves hitting a ball over the net with your hands to score points.
• Here is a list of games and their corresponding court or playing area dimensions-

Game                    Shape                   Field Length            Field Width

Basketball           Rectangular                        28 m                      15 m

Handball              Rectangular                        40 m                      20 m

Swimming           Rectangular                        25 m                      20 m

Ice hockey          Rounded                             61 m                      30 m

The correct answer is Chief Minister.

Key Points

• The Chief Minister communicates to the Governor all decisions of the Council of Ministers related to the administration of the affairs of the State.
• The Chief Minister communicates to the Governor the proposals for legislation.
• The Chief Minister participates in the meetings of the National Development Council.
• But it's not the constitutional duty of the Chief Minister and the National Development Council is a statutory body.
• The Chief Minister submits for the consideration of the Council of  Ministers any matter on which decision has been taken by a minister but which has not been considered by the council as if the Governor requires.

Additional Information 

• Article 167 (Constitutional Duties)  
• Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the Governor, etc It shall be the duty of the Chief Minister of each State
• To communicate to the Governor of the State all decisions of the Council of Ministers relating to the administration of the affairs of the State and proposals for legislation;
• To furnish such information relating to the administration of the affairs of the State and proposals for legislation as the Governor may call for; and
• If the Governor so requires, to submit for the consideration of the Council of Ministers any matter on which a decision has been taken by a Minister but which has not been considered by the Council
• Duties of Chief Minister
• The leader of the legislative assembly: In the matter of determining the internal policies of the State, the decision of the Chief Minister is final. He remains responsible to the Legislative Assembly for the acts performed by the State Council of Ministers. He comes to the rescue of a minister if he faces any difficulty during the debates in the Assembly. He has to bear the responsibility of getting the important bills passed. He has to keep good relations with the people and see that efforts are made to improve the condition of the state.
• The Chief Adviser to the Governor: The governor is advised by the Chief Minister so that he can perform his functions. The Chief Minister acts as a bridge of communication between the Governor and the Council of Ministers. On the advice of the Chief Minister, the Governor performs his tasks in matters like summoning, proroguing or dissolving the Legislative Assembly.
• The Leader of the Council of Ministers: The constitution gives supremacy to the Chief Minister by making him the leader of the ministers, thus it is his responsibility to maintain unity among the ministers. He monitors the working of all the ministers and oversees the meetings of the Council of Ministers.

Important Points 

• Advocate General: The Advocate General is appointed by the Governor and serves as the chief legal advisor to the state government. He/she represents the state government in various legal matters and provides legal advice on matters related to the state's administration.
• Chief Election Commissioner: The Chief Election Commissioner is appointed by the President of India and is responsible for conducting free and fair elections in the state. He/she ensures that the election process is conducted in an unbiased and transparent manner and takes necessary steps to prevent malpractices during the election process.
• Chairman of State Public Service Commission: The Chairman of State Public Service Commission is responsible for conducting recruitment exams for various state government jobs. He/she ensures that the recruitment process is conducted in a fair and transparent manner and selects the most suitable candidates for the job.

Correct answer is Bharatanatyam.

Key Points

• Bharatanatyam
• In 2011, C V Chandra Shekhar was honoured with the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India for Bharatanatyam.
• Bharatnatyam was associated with Devadasi Culture.
• Bharatanatyam is a major form of Indian classical dance that originated in Tamil Nadu.
• The dance form is also compactly mentioned in Kannada text Manasollasa written by Someshwara III.

Additional Information

• Kathakali
• The purpose of Kathakali Theatre is to tell and honor stories through the medium of dance.​
• Kathakali or 'story play' took shape in Kerala in southern India in the seventeenth century under the patronage of the prince of Karnataka.
• Manipuri
• The Manipuri Dance, also known as the Manipuri Raas Leela, is one of the eight major Indian classical dance forms, originating from the state of Manipur.
• Kathak
• Kathak is one of the eight major forms of Indian classical dance.
• It is the classical dance form of Uttar Pradesh.

Shortcut Trick

Find the LCM of 12, 25, and 18, which is 900.

The greatest 3-digit number divisible by 900 is 900.

The smallest 4-digit number divisible by 900 is 900 × 2 = 1800.

Absolute difference = 1800 − 900 = 900.

∴ The correct answer is 900.

Alternate Method

Given: Divisors are 12, 25, and 18.

Formula Used: Required numbers must be multiples of LCM(12, 25, 18).

Step-by-step Calculation:

⇒ Prime Factorisation: 12 = 2² × 3, 25 = 5², 18 = 2 × 3²

⇒ LCM = 2² × 3² × 5² = 4 × 9 × 25 = 900

⇒ Multiples of 900 are: 900, 1800, 2700, ...

⇒ Greatest 3-digit number divisible by 900 = 900

⇒ Smallest 4-digit number divisible by 900 = 1800

⇒ Absolute Difference = |1800 − 900| = 900

∴ The correct answer is 900.

Additional Information

LCM (Least Common Multiple)

The smallest positive integer that is divisible by each of the given numbers. Found using prime factorisation or division method.

Divisibility Rule of 12

A number is divisible by 12 if it is divisible by both 3 (sum of digits) and 4 (last two digits).

Absolute Difference

The non-negative difference between two numbers, calculated as |a − b|.

Shortcut Trick

Scheme A: 15 + 18 − (15 × 18 / 100) = 33 − 2.7 = 30.3%.

Scheme B: [2 ÷ (6 + 2)] × 100 = (2/8) × 100 = 25%.

Scheme C: Flat 30% discount.

Comparing the values: 30.3% > 30% > 25%.

The highest discount is provided by Scheme A.

∴ The correct answer is Scheme A.

Alternate Method

Given:

Scheme A: 15% and 18% successive discounts.

Scheme B: Buy 6 articles and get 2 free.

Scheme C: 30% flat discount.

Formula Used:

1. Net Discount for successive discounts x% and y% = x + y − (xy/100)%
2. Discount % for Buy X get Y free = [Y / (X + Y)] × 100

Calculations:

⇒ Scheme A: Net Discount = 15 + 18 − (15 × 18) / 100

⇒ Net Discount A = 33 − 2.7 = 30.3%

⇒ Scheme B: Discount % = [2 / (6 + 2)] × 100

⇒ Discount % = (2 / 8) × 100 = 25%

⇒ Scheme C: Discount % = 30%

⇒ Comparison: 30.3% > 30% > 25%

The maximum benefit to the customer is in Scheme A.

∴ The correct answer is Scheme A.

Additional Information

Successive Discounts for more than two rates

For three successive discounts x%, y%, and z%, the overall discount can be calculated by finding the equivalent of x and y first, then using that result with z.

Equivalence between MP and CP

CP / MP = (100 − Discount%) / (100 + Profit%). This ratio helps find the Marked Price or Cost Price directly when both profit and discount are known.

Effect of Successive Discounts order

The net discount remains the same regardless of the order in which successive discounts are applied (e.g., 10% then 20% is same as 20% then 10%).

Given:

12 men can complete the work in 36 days

9 women can also complete the same work in 36 days

Solution:

⇒ 12 men = 9 women (equating the given conditions)

⇒ Men : Women = 3 : 4

Total work = 12 × 3 × 36 = 9 × 4 × 36 = (36 × 36) units

Let days taken by 16 men and 18 women to complete the same work is D

⇒ (16 × 3 + 18 × 4) × D = 36 × 36

⇒ (48 + 72) × D = 36 × 36

⇒ D = 54/5 days = 10$4\over5$days

Hence, 16 men and 18 women will take 10$4\over5$ days to finish the same work.

Given

Birth rate = 450 per ten thousand

Death rate = 120 per ten thousand

Solution:

⇒ Net growth rate = Birth rate - Death rate

⇒ Net growth rate = 450 - 120 = 330 per ten thousand

⇒ In percentage, Net growth rate = (330/10000) × 100 = 3.3%

Hence, the net growth rate is 3.3%.

Given

Average marks of class A = 50

Average marks of class B = 80

Combined average marks = 60

Solution:

⇒ Ratio of students in classes A and B = (Average of B - Combined average) ∶ (Combined average - Average of A)

⇒ Ratio of students in classes A and B = (80 - 60) ∶ (60 - 50) = 20 ∶ 10 = 2 ∶ 1

Hence, the ratio of the students in classes A and B is 2 ∶ 1.

Given

A can paint 5 chairs in an hour

B can paint 3 chairs in an hour

Solution:

⇒ A and B together can paint (5+3) chairs in an hour = 8 chairs

⇒ Time required to paint 40 chairs = 40/8 = 5 hours

Hence, A and B will require 5 hours to paint 40 chairs together.

Given

Ratio of weights of A and B = 5 ∶ 3

Weight of A increases by 5%

Total weight of A and B becomes 92 kg with an increase of 15%

Solution:

⇒ Initial total weight = 92/1.15 = 80 kg

⇒ Initial weight of A = 80 × (5/8) = 50 kg, B = 80 × (3/8) = 30 kg

⇒ Final weight of A = 50 × 1.05 = 52.5 kg

⇒ Final weight of B = 92 - 52.5 = 39.5 kg

⇒ Percentage increase in B's weight = ((39.5 - 30)/30) × 100 = 31.67%

Hence, the percentage increase in the weight of B is 31.67%.

Given

Height of the cone, h = 24 cm

Volume of the cone, V = 392π cm³

Formula used:

The volume of a cone is given by V = ⅓πr²h, and the curved surface area (CSA) is given by A = πrl, where r is the radius and l is the slant height.

Solution:

⇒ From the volume, radius r = √[(3V) / (πh)] = √[(3 × 392π) / (π × 24)] = 7 cm

⇒ Slant height l = √(r² + h²) = √((7²) + (24²)) = 25 cm

⇒ CSA = πrl = π × 7 × 25 = 175π cm²

Hence, the curved surface area of the cone is 175π cm².

Given

The mathematical expression to simplify is $\frac{5}{16}$ of $\frac{7}{8}$ × 6 + 15 - 10.

Concept used:

Solution:

5/16 of 7/8 × 6 + 15 - 10

35/128 × 6 + 5

210/128 + 5

105/64 + 5

425/64

Hence, the simplified value of $\frac{5}{16}$ of $\frac{7}{8}$ × 6 + 15 - 10 is 425/64

Shortcut Trick

Mean Proportional of two numbers a and b is √(a × b).

Here, a = (x/y)² and b = (y/z)².

Mean Proportional = √[(x/y)² × (y/z)²] = (x/y) × (y/z) = x/z.

∴ The correct answer is x/z.

Alternate Method

Given:

First value (a) = (x/y)²

Second value (b) = (y/z)²

Formula Used:

Mean proportional (M) of a and b is given by M² = ab ⇒ M = √(ab)

Calculations:

⇒ M = √[(x/y)² × (y/z)²]

⇒ M = √[(x²/y²) × (y²/z²)]

⇒ M = √[x² / z²]

⇒ M = x/z

∴ The correct answer is x/z.

Additional Information

Third Proportional

For two numbers a and b, the third proportional c is such that a:b :: b:c, which means c = b²/a.

Fourth Proportional

For three numbers a, b, and c, the fourth proportional d is such that a:b :: c:d, which means d = (b × c)/a.

Continued Proportion

If a, b, c are in continued proportion, then a/b = b/c, which implies b² = ac.

Given 

Price of one jacket = ₹2,500

Price for two jackets = ₹4,500

Solution:

⇒ Total marked price for two jackets = 2 × ₹2,500 = ₹5,000

⇒ Discount = Marked price - Selling price = ₹5,000 - ₹4,500 = ₹500

⇒ Discount percentage = (Discount/Marked price) × 100 = (₹500/₹5,000) × 100 = 10%

Hence, the discount percentage is 10%.

Shortcut Trick

The ratio of the speeds of the police officer and the thief is 8 : 7.

Since the time is constant, the ratio of the distance covered is also 8 : 7.

Difference in distance ratio units = 8 − 7 = 1 unit.

Given, 1 unit = 800 m.

Police officer's distance = 8 units × 800 m = 6400 m.

∴ The correct answer is 6400 m.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial distance between police officer and thief = 800 m = 0.8 km

Speed of the police officer = 8 km/h

Speed of the thief = 7 km/h

Formula Used:

Relative Speed (same direction) = Speed₁ − Speed₂

Time = Distance ÷ Relative Speed

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculations:

⇒ Relative speed = 8 km/h − 7 km/h = 1 km/h

⇒ Time taken to catch the thief = 0.8 km ÷ 1 km/h = 0.8 hours

⇒ Distance run by the police officer = Speed of officer × Time

⇒ Distance = 8 km/h × 0.8 hours = 6.4 km

⇒ Distance in meters = 6.4 × 1000 = 6400 m

∴ The correct answer is 6400 m.

Additional Information

Relative Speed Concepts

When two objects move in the same direction, relative speed = S₁ − S₂. When they move in opposite directions, relative speed = S₁ + S₂.

Distance-Speed Proportionality

If time is constant, distance is directly proportional to speed (D₁/D₂ = S₁/S₂). This is ideal for police-thief or meeting point problems.

Unit Conversion

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Given

Number of students passed in M.Com = 450

Total students in M.Com = 500

Number of students passed in M.A = 1500

Total students in M.A = 2000

Solution:

⇒ Total students passed = 450 + 1500 = 1950

⇒ Total students = 500 + 2000 = 2500

⇒ Combined pass percentage = (Total students passed/Total students) × 100 = (1950/2500) × 100 = 78%

Hence, the combined pass percentage of the college is 78%.

Given

Compound amount (A) = ₹14,112

Rate of interest (r) = 20% = 0.2

Time period (t) = 3 years

The formula for compound interest is A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where P is the principal amount, n is the number of compounding periods per year, r is the annual interest rate, and t is the time the money is invested for.

Solution:

⇒ For annually compounding, n = 1. Therefore, rearranging the formula for P gives us: P = A / (1 + r/n)^(nt)

⇒ Substitute the given values into the formula: P = ₹14,112/(1 + 0.2/1)^{(1 × 3)} = ₹14,112/(1.2³) = ₹14,112/1.728 = ₹8166.67

Hence, the sum of money is ₹8166.67.

Given

Speed of thief = 15 m/s

Speed of policeman = 20 m/s

Thief's head start time = 12 seconds

Solution:

⇒ Distance head start of thief = Speed of thief × Thief's head start time = 15 m/s × 12 sec = 180 m

⇒ Relative speed of policeman = Speed of policeman - Speed of thief = 20 m/s - 15 m/s = 5 m/s

⇒ Time policeman needs to catch thief = Distance head start / Relative speed = 180 m/5 m/s = 36 sec

⇒ Distance policeman will run = Speed of policeman × Time = 20 m/s × 36 sec = 720 m

Hence, the policeman will run 720 meters to catch the thief.

Given

Increase in radius = 5%

Formula used:

The formula for the surface area of a sphere is 4πr². 

Solution:

⇒ Percentage increase in surface area = 5 + 5 + 5 × 5/10000 = 10.25%

Hence, there is a 10.25% increase in the surface area of the sphere.

Given

Successive decrease percentages = 5%, 2%

Successive increase percentages = 10%, 20%

Solution:

Let the price of mobile initially be 100

According to the question,

100 × 95/100 × 98/100 × 110/100 × 120/100

⇒ 22.88 or  $22\frac{223}{250}\%$

Hence, the final change in the price of the mobile is 22.88% or $22\frac{223}{250}\%$

Shortcut Trick

Selling Price (A to B) = 1,00,000 + 6% of 1,00,000 = ₹1,06,000.

Buyback Price (B to A) = 1,06,000 − 3% of 1,06,000 = 1,06,000 − 3,180 = ₹1,02,820.

A's Net Gain = Cash Inflow − Cash Outflow = 1,06,000 − 1,02,820 = ₹3,180.

Since A gets the house back and retains the surplus cash, it is a Gain.

∴ The correct answer is Gain of Rs. 3,180.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial Value (CP_A) = ₹1,00,000

Profit% for A = 6%

Loss% for B = 3%

Calculations:

⇒ Selling Price to B (SP₁) = 1,00,000 × (100 + 6)/100 = ₹1,06,000

⇒ Cost Price for B = ₹1,06,000

⇒ Selling Price of B back to A (SP₂) = 1,06,000 × (100 − 3)/100

⇒ SP₂ = 1,06,000 × 0.97 = ₹1,02,820

⇒ Total Gain for A = (Cash received from B) − (Cash paid to B)

⇒ Total Gain = 1,06,000 − 1,02,820 = ₹3,180

∴ The correct answer is Gain of Rs. 3,180.

Additional Information

Successive Transactions Profit/Loss

In buy-back scenarios where the original owner gets the item back, the net gain is the difference between the first selling price and the buyback price.

Profit and Loss Percentage

Profit % = (Profit/CP) × 100. For successive changes, SP = CP × (1 ± r₁/100) × (1 ± r₂/100).

Net Effective Change

If an amount is increased by x% and then decreased by y%, the net effective percentage is given by [x − y − (xy/100)]%.

Shortcut Trick

Use the Successive Multiplying Factor method for the chain of transactions.

Total Multiplying Factor = 1.10 (Profit) × 0.95 (Loss) × 1.20 (Profit) = 1.254

Soni's Cost Price = Final Price ÷ Total Multiplying Factor

Soni's Cost Price = 6,270 ÷ 1.254 = 5,000

∴ The correct answer is ₹5,000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Profit of Soni = 10%, Loss of Raju = 5%, Profit of Alok = 20%

Final Purchase Price of Sohan = ₹6,270

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = CP × (100 ± Profit/Loss)%

⇒ Let the Cost Price for Soni be x.

⇒ Price for Raju = x × (110 ÷ 100) = 1.1x

⇒ Price for Alok = 1.1x × (95 ÷ 100) = 1.045x

⇒ Price for Sohan = 1.045x × (120 ÷ 100) = 1.254x

⇒ 1.254x = 6,270

⇒ x = 6,270 ÷ 1.254

⇒ x = 5,000

∴ The correct answer is ₹5,000.

Additional Information

Chain Transaction Rule

In a chain of sales, Final CP = Initial CP × (1 ± r₁/100) × (1 ± r₂/100) × ... × (1 ± r_n/100).

Effective Profit/Loss Percentage

For two successive changes a% and b%, the net change is [a + b + (a × b)/100]%.

Marked Price and Discount

Selling Price = Marked Price × (100 − Discount%)/100. Profit is always calculated on the Cost Price.

Given:

Price of 3 CTs = ₹3,300

Solution:

⇒ Price of 1 CT = Price of 3 CTs/3 = ₹3,300/3 = ₹1,100

⇒ Price of 10 CTs = Price of 1 CT × 10 = ₹1,100 × 10 = ₹11,000

Hence, the price of 10 CTs is ₹11,000.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Fair'.

Key Points

• The sentence "This nation is _________ to each of its citizens" suggests that the missing word should convey a sense of equality or impartiality. Let's look at the options and their meanings:
• Feel: to perceive through touch or emotion (महसूस करना)
• Fur: the soft, hairy coat of an animal (बाल)
• Fair: just, impartial, treating everyone equally (न्यायसंगत)
• Fare: the price of a ticket for transportation (किराया)
• Among these options, "fair" is the most appropriate choice. It conveys the idea that the nation treats each of its citizens with equality and impartiality.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: This nation is fair to each of its citizens.

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Falsity'.

Key Points

• Falsity: The quality of being false or untrue (असत्यता).
• The word "truth" refers to the quality or state of being in accordance with facts or reality.(सत्य).
• So, according to their meanings, 'Falsity' is the correct antonym for 'Truth'

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Falsity'.

Additional Information

• Now let's look at the other options and their meanings:
• Lay: This word refers to the act of placing or putting something down (रखना).
• Loyalty: Loyalty refers to a sense of faithfulness, devotion, or allegiance to someone or something (निष्ठा).
• Reality: Reality refers to the state or quality of being real or existing objectively, separate from perceptions or illusions (वास्तविकता).

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Adjacent'.

Key Points

• Among the given options, "adjacent" is the correct spelling that accurately represents the intended word in the sentence.
• Adjacent: next to or adjoining something else (सटा हुआ)

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Adjacent'.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Fusion'.

Key Points

• The word "blend" refers to the act of combining or mixing different elements or substances together to create a harmonious or unified whole (मिश्रण).
• Fusion: Fusion refers to the merging or blending of two or more elements or entities to create a unified whole (मिलान).
• So, according to their meaning 'Fusion' is the correct synonym for 'Blend'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Fusion'.

Additional Information

• Now let's look at the other options and their meanings:
• Disunity: Disunity refers to a lack of harmony, agreement, or cohesion (अविरोध).
• Scatter: Scatter means to disperse or distribute things in various directions (छितराना).
• Destruction: Destruction implies the act of causing severe damage or ruin (विनाश).

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'received; acknowledgment'.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the correct spelling is "received" for the verb describing Shyam's action of accepting or getting the letter, and "acknowledgment" for the type of letter he received.
• Received: past tense of the verb "receive," meaning to accept or get something (प्राप्त)
• Acknowledgement: the act of recognizing, confirming, or accepting something (स्वीकृति)
• So, Option 1) "received; acknowledgment" is the correct spelling that accurately represents both words in the sentence.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: Shyam received an acknowledgement letter from his employer.

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'Comprehensible'.

Key Points

• Comprehensible: Something that can be understood or comprehended.(समझने योग्य)
• Unfathomable: Impossible to understand or comprehend (अथाह)
• According to their meaning, 'Comprehensible' is the correct antonym for 'Unfathomable'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: "Comprehensible".

Additional Information

• Now let's look at the other options and their meanings:
• Constantly: Continuing or happening without interruption (निरंतरता से)
• Meddling: Interfering or involving oneself in other people's affairs without invitation (हस्तक्षेप करना)
• Reshape: To change the shape or form of something (पुनर्रचित्रित करना)

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Favouritism'. 

Key Points 

Nepotism: It refers to the practice of showing favoritism or granting preferential treatment to family members or close friends, especially in matters of employment or opportunities (Hindi meaning: भाई-भतीजावाद).

Favouritism : it conveys the concept of giving preference or advantages to someone based on personal relationships rather than objective factors.

According to their meaning, 'Favouritism' is the correct synonym for 'Nepotism'.

Therefore, the correct answer is:  'Favouritism'. 

Additional Information

• Now let's look at the other options and their meanings:
• Neutrality: the state or quality of being neutral, not taking sides (Hindi meaning: तटस्थता)
• Unbiasedness: the quality of being unbiased or impartial (Hindi meaning: निष्पक्षता)
• Objectivity: the state or quality of being objective, not influenced by personal feelings or opinions (Hindi meaning: वस्तुनिष्ठता)

The correct answer is 'Option 3'. 

Key Points

• The original sentence, "The teacher asked me to tell him what is his name?" contains a grammatical error.
• When reporting a question in indirect speech, the verb tense of the reported speech is typically changed to the past tense.
• It accurately conveys the intended meaning of inquiring about the person's name in indirect speech.

Therefore, the correct transformation of the sentence is: "The teacher asked me to tell him what his name was."

Additional Information 

• Now let's examine the other options and explain why they are incorrect:
• what name is he? - This option does not accurately convey the intended meaning of inquiring about someone's name. It is asking about the name of a person, rather than asking for the name of the person being referred to in the context.
• what the name is. - This option lacks clarity and does not form a grammatically correct question. It does not specify whose name is being referred to and doesn't provide a clear question structure.
• what he is called is. - This option also lacks proper question structure and clarity. It does not effectively convey the meaning of asking for the person's name.

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'Collar'.

Key Points

Among these options, 'collar' is the most appropriate word to use in the given sentence.

It indicates that the person seized the thief by grabbing onto the thief's collar, a part of the garment around the neck.

Collar: The part of a garment that encircles the neck (Hindi meaning: कॉलर)

Therefore, the correct sentence is: He seized a thief by his collar and forced him to answer.

Additional Information 

Now let's look at the meanings of the other options:

Colour: The visual perception of different wavelengths of light (Hindi meaning: रंग)

Choler: Anger or irritability (Hindi meaning: क्रोध)

Caller: A person who makes a phone call or visits someone (Hindi meaning: कॉलर)

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'A thorn in the flesh'.

Key Points

• The correct idiom that can substitute the group of words 'annoying and irritating' in the given sentence is: 'A thorn in the flesh'.
• The phrase "a thorn in the flesh" is an idiom that means someone or something that causes persistent annoyance or irritation (Hindi meaning: कांटा अँग में).
• It is used to describe a person or situation that consistently troubles or bothers others.
• In the given sentence, Prof. Ram Prasad is portrayed as an environmental activist who became a source of annoyance and irritation for leather factories over the years.

Therefore, the sentence after substitution is: Prof. Ram Prasad was an environmental activist, and apparently, he became a thorn in the flesh to leather factories over the years.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Weariness'.

Key Points

The word 'lassitude' refers to a state of physical or mental weariness or lack of energy (Hindi meaning: शारीरिक या मानसिक थकावट या ऊर्जा की कमी की स्थिति).

Weariness: a feeling of tiredness or fatigue (Hindi meaning: थकान)

According to their meaning, 'Weariness' is the correct synonym for 'Lassitude'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Weariness'.

Additional Information

Now let's look at the other options and their meanings:

Derision: contemptuous ridicule or mockery (Hindi meaning: उपहास)

Luxury: a state of great comfort or extravagance (Hindi meaning: विलासिता)

Indulgence: the act of satisfying or allowing oneself to enjoy something without restraint (Hindi meaning:अतिभोग)

The correct answer is 'Pleaded'.

Key Points

• Among these options, 'pleaded' is the only verb that accurately conveys the act of formally declaring innocence in response to an accusation.
• The verb "pleaded" (or "plead") is used in legal contexts to express a formal statement of innocence or not guilty in response to an accusation or charge (अनुरोध करना).
• In the given sentence, it implies that the child formally stated their innocence regarding the accusation of shoplifting.
• Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'The child pleaded not guilty of shoplifting.'

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 4'.

Additional Information

Now let's look at the other options and their meanings:

Questioned: asked someone questions to seek information or clarification (Hindi meaning: प्रश्न किया)

Nagged: annoyed or irritated someone by constantly complaining or criticizing (Hindi meaning: पीड़ा देना)

Said: stated or uttered something (Hindi meaning: कहा)

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'No substitution'. 

Key Points

The sentence "Slow and steady wins the race" is a well-known proverb, which means that consistency and perseverance lead to success (धीरे और स्थिर व्यक्ति जीतता है).

The original sentence is grammatically correct and effectively conveys the intended meaning.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: Slow and steady wins the race.

Additional Information

Now let's examine the other options and explain why they are incorrect:

Had won the race: This option changes the verb tense to past perfect, which is not necessary or appropriate in this context. The original sentence already expresses a general truth, so there is no need to shift the verb tense.

Won the race: This option changes the verb tense to simple past, which alters the meaning of the sentence. The original sentence is a general statement about a principle, not a specific event in the past.

Will win the race: This option changes the verb tense to future tense, which also changes the meaning. The original sentence is a timeless proverb, not a prediction about a specific race in the future.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The main subject of the sentence is "The shield", which is singular.
• In part B, the verb "have been" is plural, but it should agree with the singular subject (has been).
• The word "one" is unnecessary and incorrect in this context.
• Therefore, the error clearly lies in part B: "warrior have been one".

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: "The shield used by the warrior has been made of strong iron."

Additional Information

• Option 1: No error – This is incorrect because a clear subject-verb agreement error exists.
• Option 3: "made of strong iron" – This part is grammatically correct and needs no change.
• Option 4: "The shield used by the" – This part is grammatically correct and does not contain any error.
• The rule of subject-verb agreement requires a singular verb (has) for a singular subject (shield).

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'Ran away'.

Key Points

The idiom 'a clean pair of heels' is used to describe someone running away swiftly, often to escape from a pursuer or to evade capture (दुर्घटना से दूर भागना).

It signifies a quick and decisive escape.

In the given sentence, the phrase "The robber showed a clean pair of heels" suggests that the robber ran away swiftly when the policeman approached or came closer.

Among the given options, option 4) "ran away" accurately captures the meaning of the idiom and conveys the intended action of the robber swiftly escaping from the scene.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: The robber ran away when the police came nearer.

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Changing'.

Key Points

In the given sentence, the phrase "transformation of a sentence means" is followed by a list of changes that can be made to a sentence.

The word "changing" in the context of sentence transformation means altering or modifying the words or forms of the sentence.

So, the correct option is "changing" because it accurately represents the action of modifying or altering the words or forms of a sentence during transformation.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: Transformation of a sentence means changing the words or forms of the sentence. 

Additional Information

Let's examine the other options:

To change - This option is grammatically incorrect because it lacks a subject. The correct form would be "changing" to maintain subject-verb agreement.

Of change - This option is not appropriate in this context. The sentence requires a verb to indicate the action of transforming a sentence, and "of change" does not fulfill that requirement.

Change - This option lacks the appropriate form of the verb. The sentence needs a gerund (a verb form functioning as a noun), and "change" alone is not a gerund form.

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Its'.

Key Points 

In the given sentence, the phrase "transformation of a sentence means" is followed by the clause "without changing meaning."

Here, the pronoun being referred to is "the words or forms of the sentence."

Since "words or forms of the sentence" is a singular entity, the pronoun used to refer to it should be singular as well.

So, the correct option is "its" because it is the singular possessive pronoun that agrees in number with the entity being referred to in the sentence.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: the sentence without changing its meaning. 

Additional Information

Let's examine the other options:

Their - This option is incorrect because "their" is a plural possessive pronoun, and it does not agree in number with the singular entity being referred to in the sentence.

Her - This option is incorrect because "her" is a singular possessive pronoun used to refer to a female. However, there is no indication of a specific female being referred to in the sentence, so this option is not appropriate.

His - This option is incorrect because "his" is a singular possessive pronoun used to refer to a male. Similarly to the previous option, there is no specific male being referred to in the sentence, so this option is not suitable either.

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'Of'.

Key Points

In the given sentence, the phrase "Such changes can be in the form" introduces the various types of changes that can be made to a sentence during its transformation.

Here, we are referring to the type or category of changes, which is indicated by the word "form."

The preposition "of" is commonly used to show possession, association, or belonging, and in this case, it is used to express the type or category of changes being discussed.

So, the correct option is "of" because it accurately represents the relationship between the changes and the form, indicating that the changes belong to or are associated with the form.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: Such changes can be in the form of changes from negative sentences.

Additional Information

Let's examine the other options:

In- This option is not the most appropriate choice because it suggests that the changes are happening inside or within the form, which is not the intended meaning. We are talking about the category or type of changes, not the location of the changes.

At- This option is not the correct choice because it implies a specific point or location, which is not suitable in this context. We are referring to the category or type of changes, not a specific location where the changes occur.

On- This option is not the best fit because it implies that the changes are happening on top of or physically on the form, which is not the intended meaning. We are discussing the category or type of changes, not the physical location.

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'Or'.

Key Points

 In the given sentence, the phrase "Such changes can be in the form" introduces different types of changes that can be made to a sentence during its transformation.

 "Or" is a coordinating conjunction that is used to present alternatives or options.

It is suitable in this context as it introduces a list of different types of changes that can be made to a sentence.

The word "or" is used to present a list of options or alternatives, indicating that the changes mentioned can include either a change in narration or a change in voice or changes from simple to either complex or compound sentences.

Therefore, the correct sentence is:  interrogative or exclamatory sentences and vice versa or change in narration 

Additional Information

Let's examine the other options:

But- This option is not the best choice because it typically indicates contrast or opposition. In this context, we are not contrasting or opposing different changes; instead, we are presenting a list of different types of changes that can occur during sentence transformation.

Yet- This option is not the most appropriate choice because "yet" typically indicates a contrast or an unexpected result. It is not suitable in this context, where we are presenting different types of changes as options or alternatives.

So- This option is not the correct choice because "so" is typically used to indicate a consequence or a result. It does not fit in this context, where we are introducing different types of changes rather than stating a consequence or result.

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Compound'.

Key Points

 "compound" is the correct answer.

It accurately represents one of the possible changes that can be made to a sentence during its transformation.

The term "compound" refers to a sentence that consists of two or more independent clauses, joined by coordinating conjunctions (e.g., "and," "but," "or").

The transformation of a sentence from simple to compound involves combining two or more independent clauses to create a compound sentence.

Therefore, the correct sentence is:  change in voice or changes from simple to compound or complex sentences. 

Additional Information

Negative- This option is not the correct answer because "negative" refers to the polarity of a sentence, indicating the absence of something or expressing a denial or contradiction.

Positive- This option is not the correct answer because "positive" refers to the presence or affirmation of something, and it does not accurately describe a specific type of sentence transformation. 

Assertive- This option is not the correct answer because "assertive" refers to a sentence that simply states a fact or makes a statement without any particular emphasis.

'बिजली' शब्द के सही पर्यायवाची शब्द है- दामिनी

Key Points

• 'बिजली' के सभी पर्यायवाची शब्द- दामिनी, चंचला, सौदामनी, चपला, बीजुरी, क्षणप्रभा।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Informationकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द:-

‘कुछ समय उपरान्त हमारा साहित्य उच्चकोटि का था।’ वाक्य में अनुपयुक्त शब्द का प्रयोग किया गया है- कुछ समय उपरान्त अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points 

• वाक्य- कुछ समय उपरान्त हमारा साहित्य उच्चकोटि का था।
• दिए गये वाक्य में 'अनुपयुक्त शब्द प्रयोग' की त्रुटि है।
• यहाँ 'कुछ समय उपरान्त' सार्थक शब्द नही है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नही हो रहा।
• अत: सार्थक शब्द 'कुछ समय पहले' होना चाहिए।
• सही वाक्य - कुछ समय पहले हमारा साहित्य उच्चकोटि का था।

Additional Information शब्द-अर्थ प्रयोग की अशुद्धि:-

शुद्ध वाक्य है- राधा अच्छी लड़की है। अन्य सभी विकल्प वर्तनी की दृष्टि से अशुद्ध है। 

• वाक्य में लिंग, वचन, पुरुष, काल, कारक आदि का क्रिया के साथ ठीक-ठीक मेल हो, उसे शुद्ध वाक्य कहते है।

Key Points

• जिस शब्द में उचित वर्तनी का प्रयोग हो, उसे शुद्ध शब्द कहते है।
• वर्तनी-किसी शब्द को लिखने में सही वर्णो के क्रम को वर्तनी कहते है।

Additional Informationकुछ अन्य वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि:-

‘दीक्षांत समारोह से अभिप्राय शिक्षा के समापन पर किए जाने वाले संस्कार से है।’ वाक्य में रिक्त स्थान के लिए उपयुक्त विकल्प होगा। अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• दीक्षा (शिक्षा) + अंत (समापन) = दीक्षांत (विशेष अध्ययन काल की समाप्ति)
• 'दीक्षांत समारोह' से अभिप्राय शिक्षा के समापन पर किए जाने वाले संस्कार से है।

Additional Informationकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द:-

'जो युद्ध में स्थिर रहता है' वाक्यांश के लिए उपयुक्त एक शब्द है- युधिष्ठिर अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points 

• जो युद्ध में स्थिर रहता है - युधिष्ठिर

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information कुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द:-