SSC GD Constable (2022) Official Paper (Held On : 01 Feb 2023 Shift 4) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct mirror image of the given combination when mirror is placed at MN is as shown below:

Detailed Explanation:

• The line MN is the mirror
• The word "hiEraRchY" the fifth letter is "a". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 2 is eliminated.

• The word "hiEraRchY" the fourth letter is "r". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 3 is eliminated..

• The word "hiEraRchY" the eighth letter is "h". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 4 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (1)".

According to the given information,

Thus, according to the given codes 'alarm' is the code for the word 'heart'.

Hence, the correct answer is "alarm".

Logic : (1st number ÷  3) - 1 = 2nd number

So,

• 15 : 4

15 ÷ 3 - 1 = 4

5 - 1 = 4

4 = 4 (LHS = RHS)

And,

• 21 : 6

21 ÷ 3 - 1 = 6

7 - 1 = 6

6 = 6 (LHS = RHS)

Similarly, 

• 42 : ?

42 ÷ 3 - 1 = ?

14 - 1 = ?

13 = ?

Hence, "13" is the correct answer.

Logic : Country : Currency

• Peso is the currency of Argentina.

Similarly,

• Yen is the currency of Japan.

Hence, "Yen" is the correct answer.

Additional Information 

• Yen → It is the currency of Japan.
• Rial → It is the currency of  Saudi Arabia.
• Krona→ It is the currency of Sweden.
• Guilder→ It is the currency of Netherlands.

Given:

• The image must not to be rotated

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (4)".

Logic : Alternately (3) and (2) are subtracted from the position value according to English alphabetic series.

So,

​

Hence, "ZHBX" is the correct answer.

Given statement : 108 ÷ 9 × 16 + 12 - 27 = 126

According to the question, after interchanging the two numbers :

So,

• Option - (1) : 12 and 27

108 ÷ 9 × 16 + 12 - 27 = 126 ⇒ 108 ÷ 9 × 16 + 27 - 12 = 126

12 × 16 + 27 - 12 = 126

192 + 27 - 12 = 126

219 - 12 = 126

207 ≠ 126 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : 9 and 12

108 ÷ 9 × 16 + 12 - 27 = 126 ⇒ 108 ÷ 12 × 16 + 9 - 27 = 126

9 × 16 + 9 - 27 = 126

144 + 9 - 27 = 126

153 - 27 = 126

126 = 126 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (3) : 16 and 9

108 ÷ 9 × 16 + 12 - 27 = 126 ⇒ 108 ÷ 16 × 9 + 12 - 27 = 126

6.75 × 9 + 12 - 27 = 126

60.75 + 12 - 27 = 126

72.75 - 27 = 126

45.75 ≠ 126 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : 27 and 9

108 ÷ 9 × 16 + 12 - 27 = 126 ⇒ 108 ÷ 27 × 16 + 12 - 9 = 126

4 × 16 + 12 - 9 = 126

64 + 12 - 9 = 126

78 - 9 = 126

69 ≠ 126 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (2)" is the correct answer.

Given statement : 44 - 96 × 4 ÷ 3 + 58 = 30

According to the question, after interchanging the two signs :

So,

• Option - (1) : - and ÷

44 - 96 × 4 ÷ 3 + 58 = 30 ⇒ 44 ÷ 96 × 4 - 3 + 58 = 30

0.45 × 4 - 3 + 58 = 30

1.8 + 58 - 3 = 30

59.8 - 3 = 30

56.8 ≠ 30 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : × and +

44 - 96 × 4 ÷ 3 + 58 = 30 ⇒ 44 - 96 + 4 ÷ 3 × 58 = 30

44 - 96 + 1.33 × 58 = 30

44 + 77.14 - 96 = 30

121.14 - 96 = 30

25.14 ≠ 30 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : + and -

44 - 96 × 4 ÷ 3 + 58 = 30 ⇒ 44 + 96 × 4 ÷ 3 - 58 = 30

44 + 96 × 1.33 - 58 = 30

44 + 127.68 - 58 = 30

171.68 - 58 = 30

113.68 ≠ 30 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : ÷ and x

44 - 96 × 4 ÷ 3 + 58 = 30 ⇒ 44 - 96 ÷ 4 × 3 + 58 = 30

44 - 24 × 3 + 58 = 30

44 + 58 - 72 = 30

102 - 72 = 30

30 = 30 (LHS = RHS)

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

Logic : Position value of immediate opposite letters according to English alphabetic series are written in reverse order.

So,

• 'ARGUE’ is written as '22620926'

• 'BEACH' is written as '1924262225'

​

Similarly, 

• 'ACCEL' is written as :

Hence, "1522242426" is the correct answer.

Given : Six friends M, N, O, P, Q and R are sitting in a straight row facing north.

Explanation : 

1) Exactly three people are sitting to the left of N.

2. O is sitting immediately to the right of N.

3) M and P are immediate neighbours of Q such that M is the fourth to the left of O.

After positioning M, P and Q only one position is left which will be occupied by the only person left i.e R.

Thus, according to the final arrangement R is seated third to the right of P.

Hence, "Third to the right of P" is the correct answer.

Logic : (1) is added the position value according to English alphabetic series.

So,

​

Hence, "CEGI" is the correct answer.

According to the sequence in the dictionary:

4. pointed
5. polite
6. pour
7. powder
8. power

Hence, the correct option is "4, 5, 2, 3, 1".

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1. For '

' element → No change

2) For '

' element → Number of '

' element is increasing subsequently.

3) For '

' element →

4) For '

' element →

5) For '

' element →

Final series is

Hence, ‘option - (3)’ is the correct answer.

Alternate Method

Logic : Artist : Creation

• Goldsmith creates ornaments.

Similarly,

• Sculptor creates busts.

Hence, "Busts" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Sand → Sand artists works on sand art.
• Museum → It is a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.
• Stone → Sculptors are the artist who creates figures out of stone.
• Bust → It is a carved or cast representation of the head (or head and neck)

Given : Six people J, K, L, M, N and O are sitting around a circular table facing the centre.

Explanation :

1) J sits second to the right of N.

2. O is an immediate neighbour of M and J.

3) K sits second to the left of L.

Thus, according to the final arrangement M sits to the immediate right of O.

Hence, "M" is the correct answer.

From the given two dices,

→ 3 and 1 are common surface in both Dice, therefore, '4' is the opposite surface of '5'.

Here, '4' is opposite to the face containing '5'.

Hence, the correct answer is "4".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. All steels can be woods → Does not Follow (As, all woods are paints and no paint is a steel. So, as whole woods comes in paints which can not be steel therefore it is definitely false)

II. Some paints are steels → Does not Follow (As, no paint is a steel. So, as all paints can not be steel therefore some paints are steels is definitely false)

So, Neither conclusion 1 nor 2 follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Neither conclusion 1 nor 2 follows".

Logic : Consecutive multiples of (4) are added subsequently.

Hence, "13" is the correct answer.

Logic : Consecutive prime number series is added subsequently.

Hence, "83" is the correct answer.

Given :

Statement given :  A * B + C @ D – E

So,

• → B is the son of A.
• → C is the father of B.
• → D is the brother of C.
• → E is the Mother of D.

Here, E is the Mother-in-law of A.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is ammeter.

Key Points

• An ammeter is a device that measures electric current in a circuit.
• It is connected in series with the circuit and measures the flow of current through it.
• An ammeter is designed to have a very low resistance so that it does not affect the current flowing through the circuit.
• It is an essential tool for anyone working with electrical circuits, as it helps in monitoring the current and detecting any faults or abnormalities.

Additional Information 

• Odometer: It is an instrument that measures the distance traveled by a vehicle.
• Speedometer: It is an instrument that measures the speed of a vehicle.
• Hygrometer: It is an instrument that measures the humidity in the atmosphere.

Difference between an Ammeter and a Galvanometer:

• The ammeter shows only the magnitude of the current.
• The galvanometer shows both the direction and magnitude of the current.

The correct answer is ​D Y Chandrachud.

Key Points

• President Droupadi Murmu will administer the oath of office to the new Chief Justice of India, Justice D Y Chandrachud at Rashtrapati Bhawan on 9 Nov 2022.
• He will succeed Justice Uday Umesh Lalit who retired on 8th November 2022.
• Justice D Y Chandrachud will be the 50th Chief Justice of India.
• He was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of India on the 13th of May 2016.

Additional Information 

• About the Supreme Court of India:
• The Supreme Court of India is the supreme judicial authority of India and is the highest court of the Republic of India under the constitution.
• It is the last arbiter in any disagreement between the centre and the states or the states themselves.
• As an advisory court, it hears matters which may specifically be referred to it under the Constitution by the President of India.
• It is also the highest and ultimate interpreter of the country's general law. It is the highest court of appeals in both civil and criminal cases.​
• Articles 124 to 147 in Part V of the Constitution deal with the organisation, independence, jurisdiction, powers, procedures, and so on of the Supreme Court.
• The Chief Justice of India and the Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President under clause (2) of Article 124 of the Constitution.

The correct answer is Bharatnatyam.

Key Points 

• Radha Sridhar received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for the year 2018 for her contribution to Bharatanatyam.
• Bharatnatyam:-
• The dance origin can be traced back to Sadir-the solo dance of temple dancers or devadasis in Tamil Nadu.
• Bharatnatyam is also known as Dashiattam.
• Elements of Bharatnatyam
• Alarippu-seeking blessing of god with simple dance steps in rhythm.
• Jatiswaram-Nritta component with devoid expression.
• Shabdam-dramatic element with expressed words.
• Varnam-combination of dance and emotion to express a story.
• Padam-mastery over abhinaya of a spiritual message by the artist.
• Jawali-Its performed at short love lyrics at a fast tempo.
• Thillana-Its is known as the concluding Stage with pure dance(Nritta).

Additional Information 

The correct answer is 12th

• The eleventh Schedule in the Indian Constitution specifies the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Panchayats.

Key Points

• 11^th Schedule deals with the Power, authority, and responsibilities of Panchayats, 29 subjects over which the Panchayats have jurisdiction.
• 73^rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992:
• The institution of Panchayati Raj received a Constitutional guarantee, status, and legitimacy.
• The XI Schedule was added to deal with it.
• It also inserted part IX, containing Arts. 243, 243A.

Additional Information

• ​12th Schedule -
• It was added by the 74th Amendment Act of 1992.
• The powers, authority and responsibilities of municipalities are included in the Twelfth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
• This act gave constitutional status to municipalities in India.
• There are total 18 subjects in this schedule.
• ​9th Schedule -
• This schedule was added to the Constitution by the First Constitution Amendment Act, 1951.
• Under this, the methods of acquisition of property by the state have been mentioned.
• The matters included in these schedules cannot be challenged in court.
• At present there are 284 Acts in this Schedule.​
• ​4th Schedule -
• This schedule tells us about the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha.
• The number of members of the Rajya Sabha to be elected from each State/Union Territory is fixed by this Schedule.
• ​6th Schedule -
• The Sixth Schedule, passed in 1949, provides for the protection of the rights of tribals.
• This special provision has been made under Article 244 (2) and Article 275 (1) of the Constitution.
• The Governor has the power to constitute and reorganize autonomous districts.

The correct answer is Kapil Sibal.

Key Points

• Kapil Sibal quit the Indian National Congress following differences with party leadership in May 2022.
• He was upset with the handling of the party's poor performance in the recently concluded assembly elections.
• He had also criticized the party leadership for not taking a strong stand on issues such as the farmers' protests and the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Sibal is a senior lawyer and a former Union Minister who has been associated with the Congress party for several decades.
• His resignation has come as a big blow to the Congress party, which is already grappling with internal dissent and leadership issues.

Additional Information

• Sonia Gandhi is the current interim president of the Indian National Congress. She has been associated with the party for several decades and has held v arious leadership positions in the past.
• Mallikarjun Kharge is a senior Congress leader from Karnataka. He is currently the Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian parliament.
• Shashi Tharoor is a Congress MP from Kerala. He is a well-known author, diplomat, and politician who has been associated with the party for several years. However, there have been no reports of him quitting the party recently.

The correct answer is 3.

Key Points

• Bihu is a set of three important Assamese festivals in Assam – 'Rongali' or 'Bohag Bihu' observed in April, 'Kongali' or 'Kati Bihu' observed in October, and 'Bhogali' or 'Magh Bihu' observed in January.
• The Rongali Bihu is the most important of the three, celebrating the spring festival.
• The Bhogali Bihu or the Magh Bihu is a harvest festival, with community feasts.
• The Kongali Bihu or the Kati Bihu is the somber, thrifty one reflecting a season of short supplies and is an animistic festival.
• The Rongali Bihu coincides with the Assamese New year.
• Assamese celebrate the Rongali Bihu with feasts, music, and dancing.

Additional Information 

• Bohag Bihu Or Rongali Bihu is one of the major festivals of Assam.
• Commonly known as Rongali Bihu, it is celebrated in Assam during the middle
  

of the month of April.

• This festival celebrates the onset of the Assamese New Year (around April 15) and the coming of Spring.
• This marks the first day of the Hindu solar calendar and is also observed in Bengal, Manipur, Nepal, Orissa, Punjab, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu though called by different names like Pongal in south India, Baisakhi in north India.
• This festival is celebrated for the whole month.
• The new year of the Assamese calendar usually falls on April 15. The new year
  

starts with the month of Bohag. This is the reason why Rongali Bihu is also called

Bohag Bihu.

• The word Rongali is derived from Rong which means Happiness and celebrations. So this festival represents the happiness of society.
• On the eve of Rongali Bihu, the womenfolk clean their clothes and prepare special Bihu delicacies like Chira, Pitha, etc. In the rural areas, the menfolk remain busy collecting necessary items such as Tara Pogha (ropes for the cattle) prepared out of slices of Tara (an indigenous creeper) and vegetables such as raw turmeric, brinjal, gourd, etc for the next day's Garu Bihu.

The correct answer is Ashoka.

Key Points

• Ashoka was the great Mauryan ruler and grandson of the dynasty's founder Chandragupta Maurya.
• Ashoka became a Buddhist in the 9^th year of his reign i.e., a year after the conquest of Kalinga.
• Dhamma is the Prakrit form of the Sanskrit word 'Dharma'.
• Ashoka’s dhamma was neither a new religion nor a new political philosophy, it was a way of life.
• Ashoka denounced all useless ceremonies and sacrifices held under the influence of superstition.
• One of the striking features of Asoka’s edicts is that he regards himself as a father figure for the people.

Additional Information

• Ashoka's major dhamma is inscribed in 14 rock edicts. Some of the important dhamma are:
• Prohibition of animal sacrifices in festive and public gatherings.
• It pleads for toleration amongst all religions.
• Respect for others and regard even for slaves and servants and donations to sramanas and Brahmans.
• Emphatic plea for toleration amongst the various religions.
• Plantation of medicinal herbs and trees and the digging of wells along the roads, describes the promotion of the welfare of the people.

Important Points

• Bindusara was Ashoka's father, who expanded the Mauryan empire but did not promote Dhamma as actively as his son.
• Dasaratha was a Mauryan emperor who preceded Bindusara and was known for his military campaigns against the Greeks and other regional powers.
• Chandragupta was the founder of the Mauryan dynasty and Ashoka's grandfather, who established a vast empire but did not leave as much of a cultural or religious legacy as his descendants.

The correct answer is Coach of the Team.

Key Points

• The Dronacharya Award is given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, for excellence in sports coaching.
• The award is known after Drona, often referred to as "Dronacharya" or "Guru Drona", a personality from the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata of ancient India.
• The  Dronacharya Award contains a medallion, a certificate, and a money prize of Rs 15 lakh(lifetime) and 10 Lakh (regular).

Additional Information

• Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award:
• It is the highest sporting award given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports for the spectacular and top performance within the field of sports by a sportsperson.
• This award contains a medallion, a certificate, and a monetary prize of Rs 25 lakh.
• Arjuna Awards:
• This award is given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India to acknowledge outstanding action in National sports.
• Instituted in 1961, the award carries a money prize of Rs 15 Lakh, a bronze sculpture of Arjuna, and a scroll.

The correct answer is  Jawahar Lal Nehru.

Key Points

Planning Commission in India:

• The Planning Commission was reporting directly to the Prime Minister of India.
• It was established on 15 March 1950, with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as the chairman.
• The Planning Commission did not derive its creation from either the Constitution or statute but was an arm of the Central/Union Government.
• The Planning Commission was set up by a Resolution of the Government of India in March 1950.
• The prime objectives of the Government were to propel a rapid increase in the living standard of Indians by the productive exploitation of the country’s resources, raising production and securing opportunities for everyone for employment in the service of society.
• The Prime Minister was the Chairman of the Planning Commission, which used to work under the overall guidance of the National Development Council.
• The Deputy Chairman and the full-time members of the Commission, as a composite body, provided advice and guidance to the subject Divisions for the formulation of Five Year Plans, Annual Plans, State Plans, Monitoring Plan Programmes, Projects and Schemes.
• The Planning Commission, although no longer active (since it was replaced by the NITI Aayog), was an important feature of policymaking and governance in India.

The correct answer is precipitation.

Key Points

• Rabi crops are sown in winter and harvested in spring. They include crops like wheat, barley, and mustard.
• Western temperate cyclones bring moisture and precipitation to the northern parts of India during winter months, which is essential for the growth of rabi crops.
• Frost can be detrimental to crops as it can damage or kill them. Fog, option 3, can reduce visibility and sunlight, which can also be harmful to crops. Wind, option 4, can cause physical damage to crops and also lead to soil erosion.

Additional Information 

• Rabi crops
• Rabi crops or rabi harvests are agricultural crops that are sown in winter (October
  

to December) and harvested in the spring (April to June) in India.

• Some example of Rabi crops is wheat, barley, gram, peas, mustard, and linseed.
• Though these crops are grown in large parts of India, states from the north and northwestern parts such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh are important for the production of wheat and other rabi crops.
• The availability of precipitation during winter months due to the western temperate cyclones helps in the success of these crops.
• However, the success of the green revolution in Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, and parts of Rajasthan has also been an important factor in the growth of the above-mentioned rabi crops.
• Kharif Crops
• Kharif crops, monsoon crops, or autumn crops are domesticated plants that are cultivated and harvested in India during the Indian subcontinent's monsoon season, which lasts from June to November depending on the area.
• Monsoon rains may begin as early as May in some parts of the Indian subcontinent, and crops are generally harvested from the third week of September to October.
• Rice, maize, and cotton are some of the major Kharif crops in India.
• The opposite of the Kharif crop is the Rabi crop, which is grown in the winter.
• Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and these are harvested in September-October.
• Important crops grown during this season are paddy, maize, jawar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut, and soybean.
• Some of the most important rice-growing regions are Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Maharashtra, particularly the (Konkan coast) along with Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
• Zaid Crops
• Zaid crops are summer-season crops.
• They grow in a long time period mainly from March to June.
• These crops are mainly grown in the summer season during a period called the "Zaid crop season."
• They require warm dry weather as a major growth period and longer day length for flowering.
• The Zaid crop season comes between the Rabi and Kharif crop seasons.
• It takes some months of summer and some of the rainy season.
• In between the rabi and the Kharif seasons, there is a short season during the summer months known as the Zaid season.
• Some of the crops produced during ‘zaid’ are watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables, and fodder crops.

The correct answer is Hyderabad.

Key Points

• The Indian army intervened and took control of the princely state of Hyderabad in September 1948.
• Hyderabad was the largest and the most prosperous princely state in India, ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad.
• The Nizam initially refused to accede to either India or Pakistan after India gained independence in 1947, leading to a stand-off with the Indian government.
• The Indian army's intervention, code-named Operation Polo, brought an end to the stand-off and resulted in Hyderabad's accession to India.
• Assam, Uttar Pradesh, and Tripura were not princely states but rather regular provinces of India at the time of independence in 1947.

Additional Information

• At the time of independence, India comprised two categories of political units,
• The British provinces (under the direct rule of the British government).
• The princely states (under the rule of native princes but subject to the paramountcy of the British Crown).
• Of the 552 princely states situated within the geographical boundaries of India, 549 joined India and the remaining 3 (Hyderabad, Junagarh, and Kashmir) refused to join India.
• However, in course of time, they were also integrated with India–Hyderabad by means of police action, Junagarh by means of referendum, and Kashmir by the Instrument of Accession.

The correct answer is the National Sample Survey Organisation.

Key Points

• The national sample survey Organization [NSSO] conducts a SURVEY every 5 years to estimate poverty in India.
• It is the organization under the ministry of Statistics of the government of India.
• The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) carries out socioeconomic surveys, undertakes field of work for the Annual Survey of Industries, and follow-up surveys of the economic census.

Additional Information

• Poverty Estimation: 
• ​A common method used to estimate poverty in India is based on the income or consumption levels and if the income or consumption falls below a given minimum level, then the household is said to be Below the Poverty Line (BPL).​
• The Poverty Line calculation is now carried out by the NITI Aayog (the successor to the erstwhile Planning Commission of India) through the calculation of the poverty line based on the data collected by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO).

undefined NITI Aayog is a policy think tank of the Government of India and is responsible for formulating and implementing strategies for the country's socio-economic development.

undefined National Organisation for Social Empowerment (NOSE) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) that works towards the empowerment of marginalized communities in India.

undefined The Office of Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India is responsible for conducting the decennial census and collecting demographic data in India.

The correct answer is Lok Sabha.

• According to Article 75 clause 3, the Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha(House of the People).

Key Points

• Council of Ministers:
• The Prime Minister and other Ministers are collectively known as the Council of Ministers.
• Three categories of Ministers viz Cabinet Ministers, Minister of State and Deputy Ministers.
• All of them are appointed by the President of India.
• The total number of ministers cannot exceed 15% of the total strength of the Lok Sabha.
• Every Minister is responsible for the acts of the officers of his department.
• He has to answer questions regarding the affairs of his department in Parliament.
• Council of Ministers rarely meets so the driving wheel of the government is the Cabinet.

Additional Information

• Article 74 deals with the council of ministers to aid and advise the President:
• There shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President who shall, in the exercise of his functions, act in accordance with such advice.
• However, the President may require the Council of Ministers to reconsider such advice (an option added by 44th Constitutional Amendment Act 1978) and the President shall act in accordance with the advice tendered after such reconsideration.
• The advice tendered by Ministers to the President shall not be inquired into in any court.
• Article 75 deals with the other provisions as to the ministers:
• The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the PM.
• The Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
• A minister who is not a member of the Parliament (either Rajya Sabha or Lok Sabha ) for any period of six consecutive months shall cease to be a minister.
• The ministers shall hold office at the pleasure of the President.
• Collective responsibility relies on the ‘notion of solidarity, i.e. a single vote of no confidence against a minister can lead to the resignation of the entire council.

The correct answer is Kathakali.

Key Points

• Hasthalakshana Deepika is a text that is associated with the Indian classical dance form of Kathakali.
• It is a manual that provides a detailed description of the mudras or hand gestures used in Kathakali, along with their meanings and usage.
• The text is believed to have been written by a scholar named Karthikeya Muni, who was a disciple of the famous Kathakali exponent, Kaplingad Narayanan Namboodiri.
• The term 'Hasthalakshana' literally means 'characteristics of the hand', and the text is considered to be an important reference guide for students and practitioners of Kathakali.
• Sattriya is a classical dance form from the northeastern state of Assam, Kuchipudi is a classical dance form from Andhra Pradesh, and Bharatanatyam is a classical dance form from Tamil Nadu.

Additional Information Other classical dance forms and their states are as follows:

The correct answer is public goods.

Key Points

• Public Good:
• Public goods are goods that are commonly available to all people within a society or community and that possess two specific qualities: they are non-excludable and non-rivalrous. Everyone has access to use them, and their use does not deplete their availability for future use.
• A commodity whose benefits are indivisibly spread among the entire community.
• Non-excludability - Individuals or groups of individuals can’t be specifically excluded from using the goods
• Non-rivalry - The use of the goods by some individuals doesn’t cause a reduction in their availability to others, which would thereby violate the first quality
• Public goods are generally considered goods that are available to anyone.
• They differ from common goods in that the latter are typically non-excludable but are usually rivalrous to some extent.
• Wild game used for food is an example of a common good.

Additional Information

• • People cannot generally be excluded from obtaining and using it; however, the same animals cannot be used more than once.
• The list of public goods varies, depending on how specifically the term is viewed. However, common examples of public goods include:
• Street lighting - It is generally provided by communities and consumption/use of the lighting doesn’t prevent others from using it as well.
• Emergency services - They are provided to communities, and their use benefits and strengthens the community.
• National defense - Whether paid or voluntary, national defense services protect the country as a whole.

The correct answer is the Rainshadow area.

Key Points

• A rainshadow area is a region of dry land that lies on the leeward side of a mountain.
• When moist air from the ocean or a large water body rises up a mountain range, it cools and condenses to form clouds and precipitation.
• This process is known as orographic precipitation.
• As the air moves over the mountain and descends on the other side, it warms up and dries out, leading to a rainshadow area.
• The term 'leeward side' refers to the side of the mountain that faces away from the prevailing wind direction. It is the opposite of the 'windward side', which faces towards the wind. The windward side receives more rainfall and is typically more humid than the leeward side.
• Mountainous areas are regions that are characterized by high elevations and steep slopes. They can have a significant impact on the climate and weather patterns of the surrounding areas, including the formation of rainshadow areas.
• The other options - Windward Side and Leeward Side - are not correct answers because they only describe the location of the mountain with respect to the prevailing wind direction and do not convey any information about the dry area on the other side of the mountain.
• It is worth noting that rainshadow areas can vary in size and severity depending on the height, width, and orientation of the mountain range, as well as the amount of moisture in the incoming air mass**. Some examples of well-known rainshadow areas include the Great Basin in the western United States, the Atacama Desert in South America, and the Gobi Desert in Asia.**

Additional Information

• Rainshadow region:  A rain shadow is a dry area on the leeward side of a mountainous area (away from the wind). The mountains block the passage of rain-producing weather systems and cast a "shadow" of dryness behind them. Wind and moist air are drawn by the prevailing winds towards the top of the mountains, where it condenses and precipitates before it crosses the top. The air, without much moisture left, advances across the mountains creating a drier side called the "rain shadow".
• As the summer (wet) monsoons approach the West Coast of India, they rise up the Western Ghats (mountains) and the air cools. This cool air is less able to hold moisture and it is released as rainfall. This is called OROGRAPHIC RAINFALL.
• The western ghats face the problem of land sliding and droughts in the rain shadow areas. The western ghats extend from the Satpura range in the north to south past Maharashtra, Goa, through Karnataka, and into Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

The correct answer is 1934-1935. 

About Ranji Trophy:

• The Ranji Trophy is a Domestic Class National level Cricket tournament. This is one of the oldest cricket tournaments in India which was started in 1934.
• In this tournament many of the multiple teams representing the Regional and State cricket associations. The tournament currently consists of 38 teams, with all 28 states in India and four of the nine union territories having at least one representation from their territory.
• The trophy is named after the first Indian cricketer who played international cricket Ranjit Singh Ji after that it was known as the 'Ranji Trophy'.
• The tournament is played in a round-robin and knock-out format. The winner of the inaugural edition was the Bombay cricket team and Mumbai holds the most titles record they won this trophy 41st times in their history.
• The current Ranji Trophy is held by the Saurashtra team (2019) winner.

Image of the Trophy:

Notes:

• The Ranji Trophy is organized by BCCI (Board of Control for Cricket in India) which was founded in December 1928. Its headquarters is located in Mumbai(Maharastra).

The correct answer is 75%.

Key Points

• The National Food and Security Act of 2013 (NFSA2013) provides subsidized food grains to 0.75 (75%) of India's rural population.
• This Act aims to provide food security to the vulnerable sections of society by ensuring access to adequate quantities of quality food at affordable prices.
• The beneficiaries of the Act are identified as per the Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) 2011 data.
• The Act provides 5 kg of food grains per person per month at a highly subsidized price of Rs. 3 for rice, Rs. 2 for wheat, and Rs. 1 for coarse grains.
• The NFSA 2013 also covers 50% of the urban population for subsidized food grains.
• The Act also provides for the setting up of a grievance redressal mechanism at the district and state levels to ensure transparency and accountability in the implementation of the Act.
• The Act has faced criticism for its exclusion criteria, which has led to many eligible beneficiaries being left out of the system.
• The Act has also faced challenges in terms of leakages and diversion of food grains meant for the beneficiaries.

Additional Information

• The government notified the National Food Security Act, 2013 on 10th September 2013.
• It has the objective to provide food and nutritional security in the human life cycle approach, by ensuring access to an adequate quantity of quality food at affordable prices to people to live a life with dignity.
• The government of India enacted the National Food Security Act (NFSA) in July 2013 which gives legal entitlement to 67% of the population (75% in rural areas and 50% in urban areas) to receive highly subsidized foodgrains.
• The Act provides for coverage of up to 75% of the rural population and up to 50% of the urban population for receiving subsidized food grains under the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), thus covering about two-thirds of the population.
• The National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA 2013) converts into legal entitlements for existing food security programs of the Government of India.
• It includes the Midday Meal Scheme, Integrated Child Development Services Scheme, and the Public Distribution System.
• The Act also has a special focus on nutritional support for women and children.

The correct answer is leaching.

Key Points

• Decomposition is the process of breaking down complex organic matter into simpler substances.
• The first step of decomposition is fragmentation, which involves the physical breakdown of the organic matter into smaller pieces.
• Leaching is the process of removal of soluble nutrients from the decomposing organic matter by water or other liquids.
• Catabolism is a metabolic process that breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones, but it is not a specific step in decomposition.
• Humification is the final stage of decomposition where the remaining organic matter is converted into humus, a stable form of organic matter.

Additional Information

• Catabolism is a general metabolic process that occurs in living organisms, and it is not specific to decomposition.
• Humification is the final stage of decomposition where the remaining organic matter is converted into humus, which is a dark, organic-rich material that improves soil fertility and structure.

Important Points

• Decomposers break down complex organic matter into inorganic substances like carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients and the process is called decomposition.
• Dead plant remains such as leaves, bark, flowers, and dead remains of animals, including fecal matter, constitute detritus, which is the raw material for decomposition.
• The important steps in the process of decomposition are fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification, and mineralization.
• By the process of leaching, water-soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts.
• It is important to note that all the above steps in decomposition operate simultaneously on the detritus.
• Humification and mineralization occur during decomposition in the soil.
• Humification leads to the accumulation of a dark coloured amorphous substance called humus that is highly resistant to microbial action and undergoes decomposition at an extremely slow rate.
• Being colloidal in nature it serves as a reservoir of nutrients.

The correct answer is the Juvenile Justice Act.

Key Points Juvenile Justice Act:

• This act was enacted in 2000 to provide a comprehensive framework for the care, protection, and rehabilitation of children in need of care and protection.
• The act defines corporal punishment as any punishment in which physical force is used and intended to cause some degree of pain or discomfort, however light.
• It prohibits the use of corporal punishment in any child care institution, including foster care, adoption, and rehabilitation centers.
• The act also provides for the establishment of Juvenile Justice Boards and Child Welfare Committees to deal with cases of children in conflict with the law and children in need of care and protection, respectively.
• Indian Advocate's Act, on the other hand, deals with the regulation of the legal profession and legal education in India. It does not have any provisions related to child care or corporal punishment.
• The Hindu Succession Act deals with the inheritance rights of Hindus. It is not relevant to the question.
• The Hindu Adoption Act deals with the adoption of children by Hindus. It does not have any provisions related to corporal punishment.

Shortcut Trick

Find LCM of 192 and 480: 192 × 5 = 960 and 480 × 2 = 960. ∴ LCM = 960.

Set up the equation based on the condition: 100 × X + 60 = 960.

Subtract 60 from both sides: 100 × X = 900.

Divide by 100: X = 9.

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Alternate Method

Given:

Numbers: 192 and 480

Condition: LCM(192, 480) = 100 × X + 60

Calculations:

⇒ Prime factorization of 192 = 2⁶ × 3

⇒ Prime factorization of 480 = 2⁵ × 3 × 5

⇒ LCM = 2^{max(6, 5)} × 3^{max(1, 1)} × 5^{max(0, 1)}

⇒ LCM = 2⁶ × 3 × 5 = 64 × 15 = 960

⇒ Now, substitute the value into the given equation: 960 = 100X + 60

⇒ 100X = 960 − 60

⇒ 100X = 900

⇒ X = 900 ÷ 100 = 9

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Additional Information

LCM and HCF Relationship

For any two numbers 'a' and 'b', the product of the numbers is equal to the product of their HCF and LCM: a × b = HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b).

Prime Factorization Method

To find the LCM, express each number as a product of prime factors and take the highest power of every prime factor present in any of the numbers.

Linear Equation Solving

In an equation of form ax + b = c, first isolate the term with the variable by adding or subtracting 'b', then divide by the coefficient 'a' to find the Value of X.

Distribution of Rs. 500 among A, B, C, D

Given:

A + B = 3 * (C + D)

B = 4 * C

C = 1.5 * D

Concept: Linear equations

Solution:

⇒ A + B + C + D = 500

⇒ Substitute B and C into A + B = 3 * (C + D) to find the values of A, B, C, and D

⇒ B = Rs. 300

Therefore, the value of B's share is Rs. 300.

Given:

Length of race is 117m

Speed of A is 30% more than speed of B

Concept Used:

To end the race in a dead heat, both players should reach the finish point at the same time.

Formula Used:

Time = Distance/Speed

Calculation:

Let the speed of B be 10 m/s

⇒ Speed of A = 13 m/s

Time required by A to complete the race

⇒ 117/13 = 9 seconds

Distance covered by B in 9 seconds

⇒ 9 × 10 = 90 m

Required head start = 117 - 90 = 27 m

∴ A should give B a head start of 27 m to end the race in a dead heat.

Given: Successive discounts of 15% and 25%

Concept: Successive percentage change formula

Solution:

⇒ Equivalent discount = 1 - (1 - 0.15) ×  (1 - 0.25)

⇒ Equivalent discount = 36.25%

Therefore, the equivalent single discount is 36.25%, closest to option 4.

Simple interest problem

Given:

Simple interest = Rs. 4016.25

Rate = 7%

Time = 5 years

Concept: Simple interest formula (SI = PRT/100)

Solution:

⇒ Principle = (SI * 100) / (R * T)

⇒ Principle = Rs. 11475

Therefore, the sum is Rs. 11475.

Average speed calculation

Given:

Distance travelled by car = 320 km

Time taken = 8 hours

Distance travelled by cycle = 40 km

Time taken = 5 hours

Distance travelled by walking = 40 km

Time taken = 7 hours

Concept: Average speed = Total Distance / Total Time

Solution:

⇒ Average speed = (320 + 40 + 40) / (8 + 5 + 7)

⇒ Average speed = 20 kmph

Therefore, the average speed of the driver is 20 kmph.

Find the remainder of a power series

Given: $3126^{20^{21^{22^{23}}}}$ mod 5

Concept: Modular arithmetic, cyclicity of numbers

Solution:

⇒ The last digit of 3126 is 6, and the cyclicity of 6 is 1 (it remains 6 after any power).

⇒ Therefore, $3126^{20^{21^{22^{23}}}}$ mod 5 = 6 mod 5

⇒ The remainder is 1.

Therefore, the remainder of the series is 1.

Shortcut Trick

When a value increases by x% and then decreases by x%, the net change is always a decrease of x²/100%.

Here, x = 5%, so net decrease = 5² / 100 = 25 / 100 = 0.25%.

Total decrease in population = 0.25% of 66000 = (0.25 / 100) × 66000 = 165.

Present population = 66000 − 165 = 65835.

∴ The correct answer is 65835.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial population (2 years ago) = 66000

First year increase (R₁) = 5%

Second year decrease (R₂) = 5%

Formula Used:

Present Population = Initial Population × (1 + R₁/100) × (1 − R₂/100)

Calculations:

⇒ Present Population = 66000 × (1 + 5/100) × (1 − 5/100)

⇒ Present Population = 66000 × (105/100) × (95/100)

⇒ Present Population = 66000 × (21/20) × (19/20)

⇒ Present Population = (66000 / 400) × 21 × 19

⇒ Present Population = 165 × 399

⇒ Present Population = 165 × (400 − 1)

⇒ Present Population = 66000 − 165

⇒ Present Population = 65835

∴ The correct answer is 65835.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change

If a value changes by a% and then by b%, the effective percentage change is given by the formula: [a + b + (ab/100)]%.

Constant Percentage Increase and Decrease

When a quantity is increased by x% and then decreased by the same x%, there is always a net decrease equal to (x/10)²% or x²/100%.

Population Growth Formula

If the population grows at a constant rate R% per annum, the population after n years is P_n = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ. For a decrease, use (1 − R/100).

Shortcut Trick

Volume of Cone = Volume of Cylinder

(1/3) × π × r₁² × h₁ = π × r₂² × h₂

(1/3) × 5 × 5 × 24 = 10 × 10 × h₂

25 × 8 = 100 × h₂ ⇒ 200 = 100 × h₂ ⇒ h₂ = 2 cm

∴ The correct answer is 2 cm.

Alternate Method

Given:

Radius of conical vessel (r₁) = 5 cm

Height of conical vessel (h₁) = 24 cm

Radius of cylindrical vessel (r₂) = 10 cm

Formula Used:

Volume of Cone = (1/3)πr²h

Volume of Cylinder = πr²h

Calculations:

⇒ Volume of water in cone = (1/3) × π × (5)² × 24

⇒ Volume of water in cone = 8 × 25 × π = 200π cm³

⇒ Let the depth of water in the cylinder be h₂.

⇒ Volume of water in cylinder = π × (10)² × h₂ = 100πh₂

⇒ Since water is poured from cone to cylinder, Volumes are equal.

⇒ 100πh₂ = 200π

⇒ h₂ = 200 / 100

⇒ h₂ = 2 cm

∴ The correct answer is 2 cm.

Additional Information

Volume Conservation

When a liquid is poured from one container to another, or a solid is melted and recast, the total volume remains constant.

Slant Height of Cone

The slant height (l) of a cone is given by the relation l = √(r² + h²).

Surface Area Formulas

Curved Surface Area of Cylinder = 2πrh | Curved Surface Area of Cone = πrl.

Shortcut Trick

Total profit ratio of A, B, and C = 2 : 3 : 5

Total parts = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 parts

B's share = 3 parts = Rs. 7,50,000

Total profit = 10 parts = (Rs. 7,50,000 ÷ 3) × 10 = Rs. 25,00,000

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 25,00,000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of profit of A, B, and C = 2 : 3 : 5

Share of B = Rs. 7,50,000

A (2) B (3) C (5)

Rs. 7,50,000

Total Profit = 10 Parts

Formula Used:

Total Profit = (Total ratio ÷ B's ratio) × B's Share

Calculations:

⇒ Let the total profit be P.

⇒ Sum of profit ratios = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10

⇒ B's share in profit = (3 ÷ 10) × P

⇒ 7,50,000 = (3 ÷ 10) × P

⇒ P = (7,50,000 × 10) ÷ 3

⇒ P = 2,50,000 × 10

⇒ P = 25,00,000

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 25,00,000.

Additional Information

Simple Partnership

When all the partners invest their capitals for the same period of time, the profit is distributed in the ratio of their invested capitals.

Compound Partnership

When the partners invest their capitals for different time periods, the profit ratio is calculated as Capital × Time.

Working and Sleeping Partners

A working partner manages the business and gets a fixed salary or a percentage of profit. A sleeping partner only invests capital and gets a share based on investment alone.

Time to complete a work

Given:

P and Q can do the work in 8 hours 24 minutes.

R can do it in 42 hours.

P = Q + R

Concept: Work and Time

Solution: 

According to the question, P can do as much work as Q and R together. This means in terms of rates. 

⇒ 1/P = 1/Q + 1/R

⇒ 1/P + 1/Q = 1/8.4 = 5/42 [given]

⇒ Put 1/P = 1/Q + 1/R we get,

⇒ 1/Q + 1/R + 1/Q =  5/42

⇒ 1/Q + 1/42 + 1/Q = 5/42

⇒ 2/Q = 5/42 - 1/42

⇒ 2/Q = 5/42 - 1/42 = 4/42

⇒ 1/Q = 1/21

⇒ Time taken by Q alone = Q = 21 hours

Therefore, Q needs 21 hours to do the work alone.

Salary decrease percentage

Given: Salary decreased by 40% then increased by 40%

Concept: Successive percentage change formula

Solution:

⇒ Final decrease = (1 - 0.6) * (1 + 0.4) - 1

⇒ Final decrease = -16%

Therefore, the percentage decrease in the salary is 16%.

Total surface area of a cylinder

Given:

Height of cylinder = 8.5 mm

Diameter of base = 10 mm

Concept: Total surface area of a cylinder

Solution:

⇒ Radius = Diameter/2 = 5 mm

⇒ Total surface area = 2πr(h + r)

⇒ Total surface area = 2π5(8.5 + 5)

⇒ Total surface area = 135π mm²

Therefore, the total surface area of the cylinder is 135π mm².

Shortcut Trick Stoppage time per hour = [(Speed without stoppage − Speed with stoppage) ÷ Speed without stoppage] × 60 ⇒ Time = [(90 − 36) ÷ 90] × 60 ⇒ Time = (54 ÷ 90) × 60 ⇒ Time = 36 minutes ∴ The correct answer is 36 minutes.

Alternate Method Given: Speed of the truck without stoppages = 90 km/h Speed of the truck with stoppages = 36 km/h

Calculations: ⇒ Distance covered in 1 hour without stoppage = 90 km ⇒ Distance covered in 1 hour with stoppage = 36 km ⇒ Distance not covered due to stoppage = 90 − 36 = 54 km ⇒ The stoppage time is equal to the time required to cover this 54 km at the original speed without stoppage. ⇒ Time stopped = (54 ÷ 90) hours ⇒ Time stopped = (54 ÷ 90) × 60 minutes ⇒ Time stopped = 3 × 12 = 36 minutes ∴ The correct answer is 36 minutes.

Additional Information Stoppage Time Formula Stoppage time per hour = (Faster Speed − Slower Speed) ÷ Faster Speed × 60 minutes. Average Speed Average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken. If a journey is divided into two equal parts traveled at speeds a and b, Average Speed = (2 × a × b) ÷ (a + b). Relative Speed When two objects move in the same direction at speeds a and b (a > b), their relative speed is (a − b). When moving in opposite directions, it is (a + b).

Shortcut Trick

The final price after successive discounts can be calculated directly.

Final Price = Marked Price × (1 − d₁/100) × (1 − d₂/100)

Final Price = 1800 × (1 − 20/100) × (1 − 5/100)

Final Price = 1800 × 0.8 × 0.95 = 1440 × 0.95 = 1368

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 1,368.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price (MP) of the doll = Rs. 1,800

First Discount = 20%

Further Cash Discount = 5%

Calculations:

⇒ Price after first discount of 20% = 1800 − (20/100 × 1800)

⇒ Price after first discount = 1800 − 360 = Rs. 1,440

⇒ Cash discount is applied on the reduced price (Rs. 1,440).

⇒ Final amount paid in cash = 1440 − (5/100 × 1440)

⇒ Final amount paid = 1440 − 72 = Rs. 1,368

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 1,368.

Additional Information

Effective Discount Rate

For two successive discounts of x% and y%, the net discount percentage is given by the formula: (x + y − xy/100)%. In this case, 20 + 5 − (20 × 5)/100 = 24%.

Marked Price vs Selling Price

Selling Price (SP) = Marked Price (MP) − Discount. Discounts are always calculated on the MP unless specified otherwise.

Successive Percentage Decrease

When a value is decreased by a% and then further by b%, the final value is Initial × (100 − a)/100 × (100 − b)/100.

Percentage decrease in number of trees

Given:

Initial number of trees = 300

Final number of trees = 243

Concept: Percentage decrease

Solution:

⇒ Percentage decrease = ((300 - 243) / 300) * 100

⇒ Percentage decrease = 19%

Therefore, the percentage decrease in number of trees is 19 percent.

Given:

Loss = 10%

Less weight used = 30%

Concept used:

Profit = SP - CP

Profit percentage = (Profit / Cost price) × 100

Calcultion:

Let, CP = 100 units

SP = 100 × (100-10)/100 = 90 units

Effective CP = 100 × (100 - 30)/100 = 70 units

Profit = 90 - 70 = 20 units

Profit percentage = 20 / 70 × 100 = 2/7 = $28{4 \over7}$

∴ His profit is $28{4 \over7}$ percent.

Additional Information

 1/7 = $14{2 \over7}$,       2/7 = $28{4 \over7}$,      3/7 = $42{6 \over7}$

Time to reap a field

Given:

6 men can reap a field in 21.5 days

8 women can reap the field in 21.5 days

Concept: Work and Time

Solution:

⇒ 1 man's 1 day's work = 1/6/21.5 = 1/129

⇒ 1 woman's 1 day's work = 1/8/21.5 = 1/172

⇒ 14 men and 10 women's 1 day's work = 14/129 + 10/172 = 1/6

⇒ Time taken to reap the field = 1 / (1/6) = 6 days

Therefore, 14 men and 10 women will take 6 days to reap the field.

Average of the cube of the first 4 natural numbers

Given: 1, 2, 3, 4

Concept: Average = (sum of numbers) / (number of numbers)

Solution:

⇒ Average = (1³ + 2³ + 3³ + 4³) / 4

⇒ Average = (1 + 8 + 27 + 64) / 4

⇒ Average = 25

Therefore, the average of the cube of the first 4 natural numbers is 25.

Gain percentage calculation

Given:

Cost price = Rs. 12,000

Selling price = Rs. 14,500

Concept: Gain percentage

Solution:

⇒ Gain = Selling price - Cost price

⇒ Gain = Rs. 14,500 - Rs. 12,000 = Rs. 2,500

⇒ Gain percentage = (Gain / Cost price) * 100

⇒ Gain percentage = (2,500 / 12,000) * 100 = 20.83%

Therefore, her gain percent is 20.83% (none of the provided options match).

The correct answer is "Bureaucracy."

 Key Points

• The correct spelling of the word is 'Bureaucracy.'
• The misspelt word is 'Bureacracy.'
• "Bureacracy" means (often used in a critical way) the system of official rules that an organization has for doing something, that people often think is too complicated. ((प्रायः निंदात्‍मक अर्थ में प्रयुक्त) किसी काम को करने की जटिल व्यवस्था; प्रशासनिक, नौकरशाही, दफ़्तरशाही, लालफ़ीताशाही)
• Example: Getting a visa involves a lot of unnecessary bureaucracy.
• The correct spelling follows the rule of 'e' before 'a' in the second syllable.
• The correct pronunciation is byoo-RAH-kruh-see.
• The correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is "violated."

 Key Points

• "Broke up" in the given sentence means to disrupt or disturb. (विघ्न डालना या परेशान करना)
• Example: She broke up all the rules of the management.
• "Violated" means to break or disregard a rule or law. (किसी नियम या कानून को तोड़ना या उसकी अवहेलना करना)
• Example: She violated all the rules.
• Hence, the option that can substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence is "violated."
• The correct answer is Option 1.
  

Additional Information

• Option 2, "invade", means to enter forcefully or aggressively. (जबरदस्ती या आक्रामक तरीके से प्रवेश करना)
• Option 3, "disturb", is similar in meaning to "broke up." (परेशान करना)
• Option 4, "damaged", refers to physical harm. (हानि)

The correct answer is "since."

 Key Points

• The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which indicates an action that started in the past and continues up to the present.
• "Since" is the correct option as it shows the duration of the action from a specific point in the past to the present.
• Example: He hasn't won a game since last year.
• The correct answer is Option 2.
  

Correct sentence: The skeleton of an unknown person has been hanging on the tree since last Wednesday.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (through) suggests a physical passage or movement.
• Option 3 (about) suggests an approximate time but not a specific point in the past.
• Option 4 (for) indicates a specific duration of time but not when the action started.

The correct answer is "Reluctance."

 Key Points

• Hesitation means a pause or delay in action, often due to uncertainty or doubt. (कार्रवाई में रुकावट या देरी, अक्सर अनिश्चितता या संदेह के कारण)
• Example: She agreed without a moment’s hesitation.
• Synonyms of reluctance include hesitation, unwillingness, and reticence.
• Reluctance means a hesitation or unwillingness to do something. (कार्य-विशेष के प्रति अनिच्‍छा या हिचक)
• Example: Tony left with obvious reluctance.
• The correct answer is Option 2.
  

Additional Information

• Option 1, Readiness, means being prepared or willing to do something without hesitation. ((किसी बात के लिए) तत्‍परता या मुस्‍तैदी)
• Option 3, Prudence, means being cautious and careful in decision-making, not necessarily related to hesitation. (निर्णय लेने में सतर्क और सावधान रहना)
• Option 4, Creativity, means the ability to come up with original and imaginative ideas, not related to hesitation. (सृजन-क्षमता)

The correct answer is "express."

 Key Points

• "Express" means fast or speedy, which fits the context of the sentence. (तेज़)
• The word "provision" suggests that there is a specific service offered, and "express delivery" is a common one in the courier industry.
• The second part of the sentence talks about a child expressing their feelings, which is unrelated to the courier service but still fits with the word "express" as it means to convey or communicate something.
• The correct answer is Option 4.
  

Correct sentence: There is a provision of express delivery in every courier service whereas a child can express his feelings at the age of 2 years or so. 

Additional Information

• Option 1, "normal", does not make sense in the context of courier services as it does not indicate any specific type of delivery. (प्रतिनिधिक, सामान्‍य या साधारण, औसत; जिसकी आशा हो, प्रत्‍याशित)
• Option 2, "fast", is a possible answer but does not match the exact wording of the sentence. (तेज़, तीव्रगामी)
• Option 3, "slow", is the opposite of what is expected in a courier service and therefore does not fit the context. (धीमी गति से चलते, करते या घटित होते हुए, धीमा या धीमे; वेग से नहीं, मंद)

The correct answer is "In low spirits and despair."

 Key Points

• The idiom "in the doldrums" means feeling sad, dejected, and lacking energy or enthusiasm. (उदास, निराश और ऊर्जा या उत्साह की कमी महसूस करना)
• The word "doldrums" refers to a region near the equator where there is little wind and ships often get stuck for days or weeks. (भूमध्य रेखा के पास का एक क्षेत्र जहाँ हवा बहुत कम होती है और जहाज़ अक्सर कई दिनों या हफ्तों तक फँसे रहते हैं)
• Example: At that time, Freddie had just lost his job and was in the doldrums.
• The sentence suggests that the second wave of the pandemic had a negative impact on everyone's mood and morale.
• The correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is "layout."

 Key Points

• Layout refers to the arrangement of elements on a page or in a space. (बग़ीचा, इमारत, लेख आदि के विभिन्न हिस्सों को व्यवस्थित करने का ढंग; नक़्शा, अभिन्यास)
• Example: I like the layout of the house.
• In the context of the sentence, the new owners of the newspaper changed the layout, or the way the newspaper was presented.
• This word choice makes sense given the context of a newspaper and the fact that the owners are making changes.
• The correct answer is Option 1.
  

Correct sentence: The new owners of the newspaper had changed the layout completely. 

Additional Information

• Outlay refers to the amount of money spent on something. (लागत, व्‍यय (विशेषतया कोई व्‍यापार या परियोजना आरंभ करने में लगी धनराशि))
• Outlook refers to a person's perspective or point of view. (दृष्टिकोण (जीवन और जगत के प्रति मनोवृत्ति या भावना))
• Outlet refers to a place where goods or services are sold. (सशक्त भावों, विचारों या ऊर्जा की अभिव्‍यक्ति और सदुपयोग का मार्ग)

The correct answer is "Reality."

 Key Points

• Dream means a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep. (सपना, स्‍वप्‍न)
• Example: I had a bad dream.
• Reality means the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them. (वास्‍तविकता, यथार्थ (जीवन जैसा है वैसा, न कि जैसा वह लग सकता है या जैसा हमें पसंद है))
• Example: I enjoyed my holiday, but now it’s back to reality.
• The antonym of "Dream" is "Reality."
• The correct answer is option 4.
  

Additional Information

• Delusion means an idiosyncratic belief or impression that is firmly maintained despite being contradicted by what is generally accepted as reality or rational argument. (भ्रम, भ्रांति)
• Fancy means the faculty of imagination or the ability to form mental images or concepts of things that are not present to the senses. (जो सीधा-सादा या साधारण न हो; विशिष्‍ट)
• Imagination means the faculty or action of forming new ideas, or images or concepts of external objects not present to the senses. (नए विचारों, या बाहरी वस्तुओं की छवियां या अवधारणाएं बनाने की क्षमता या क्रिया जो इंद्रियों के सामने मौजूद नहीं हैं)

The correct answer is option 1 (Immense).

 Key Points

• "Colossal "means extremely large or great in size. (अतिविशाल, वृहत्‍काय, बहुत बड़ा)
• Example: The colossal statue of Buddha in Thailand has many visitors.
• Immense is a synonym for colossal.
• It means extremely large or vast. (अत्‍यधिक, असीम, अपार)
• Example: This place is an immense tourist attraction.
• The correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Option 2 (Joyous) means feeling or expressing great happiness or joy. (आनंदमय; ख़ुश; हर्षपूर्ण)
• Option 3 (Entertaining) means providing amusement or enjoyment. (रोचक और मनोरंजक)
• Option 4 (Fantastic) means extraordinarily good or attractive. (बहुत अच्‍छा; उत्‍कृष्‍ट)

The correct answer is "Foreign."

 Key Points

• "Native" means originating or belonging to a particular place or country. (जन्‍म स्‍थान या निवास-स्‍थान से संबंधित)
• Example: What is your native language?
• "Foreign" means belonging to or coming from another country or place. (स्‍वदेश से भिन्‍न देश का या उससे संबंधित; विदेशी)
• Example: She belongs to a foreign country.
• The antonym of "native" is "foreign."
• The correct answer is Option 4.
  

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Innate" means natural or inborn, and is not an antonym of "native." ((योग्‍यता और गुण) जन्‍मजात, अंतर्निहित)
• Option 2: "Community" refers to a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common, and is not an antonym of "native." (एक समूह के रूप में संगठित स्‍थान-विशेष के समस्‍त निवासी; समुदाय)
• Option 3: "Enemy" refers to a person who is actively opposed or hostile to someone or something, and is not an antonym of "native." (शत्रु, दुश्‍मन, विरोधी)

The correct answer is "Where the difficulty lies."

Key Points

• The idiom "Where the shoe pinches" means the place where you are experiencing difficulty or discomfort.
• वह स्थान जहाँ आप कठिनाई या असुविधा का अनुभव कर रहे हों।
• Example: The coach said he wasn't worried about any position except defence; that was where the shoe pinches.
• The phrase is often used to ask someone where they are struggling or having problems.
• The origin of the phrase comes from the idea that a poorly fitting shoe can cause discomfort and pain in a specific spot on the foot.
• Thus, it is clear that option 4 correctly explains the given idiom.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is "get along with Thomas due to."

Key Points

• In the underlined phrase, the use of the word "over" distorts the meaning of the sentence.
• The phrase "get over with" means complete an unpleasant or tedious but necessary task promptly.
• किसी अप्रिय या थकाऊ लेकिन आवश्यक कार्य को तुरंत पूरा करें।
• ​The correct phrase to use is "get along."
• ​"Get along with" means to have a good relationship with someone. (किसी के साथ अच्छे संबंध बनाना।)
• Example: I cannot get along with my relatives because of their nature.
• This option makes sense in the context of the sentence, as the speaker couldn't have a good relationship with Thomas because of his addiction to alcohol.​
• Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: She couldn’t get along with Thomas due to his addiction to alcohol. 

Additional Information

• Option 1, "get at with Thomas due to," doesn't make sense in the context of the sentence. "Get at" means to criticize or attack someone, but this doesn't fit with the rest of the sentence.(किसी की आलोचना करना या हमला करना)
• Option 3, "get off with Thomas due to," doesn't make sense in the context of the sentence. "Get off" escape a punishment; be acquitted , but this doesn't fit with the rest of the sentence.(सज़ा से बचो; बरी किया जाए.)
• Option 4, "get rid with Thomas due to," doesn't make sense in the context of the sentence. "Get rid of" means to remove or dispose of something, but this doesn't fit with the rest of the sentence.(किसी चीज़ को हटाना या निपटाना)

The correct answer is "Sunita had been running."

Key Points

• The verb tense in the sentence is past perfect continuous, which indicates an action that started in the past and continued up until another point in the past.
• However, the sentence is in the present tense, which suggests that the action is ongoing or habitual.
• To correct the error, the verb tense should be changed to present perfect continuous:
• This sentence accurately reflects the ongoing nature of Sunita's business.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Correct sentence: Sunita has been running private hostels near this university for the last three years.

The correct answer is "Willfull".

Key Points

• Among the given options, the word in option 2 is incorrectly spelled.
• The correct spelling is "Willful" with only one "L".
• "Willful" means intentional or deliberate.(खुदराय)
• Example: He was being willful by refusing to apologize.
• The other words in the other options have correct spellings.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 2.
  

Additional Information

• Option 1, "Powerful", is spelled correctly and means having great strength or influence.(ताकतवर)
• Option 3, "Grateful", is spelled correctly and means feeling or showing appreciation.(आभारी)
• Option 4, "Doubtful", is spelled correctly and means uncertain or unsure.(संदिग्ध)

The correct answer is "Transparent".

Key Points

• Let us explore the meaning of the given and the marked words:
• "Opaque" means not able to be seen through, not transparent or translucent.(निष्प्रभ)
• Example: The bottles were filled with a pale opaque liquid.
• "Transparent" means something that you can see through. (पारदर्शी)
• ​Example: The glass is transparent.
• ​​Thus, it is clear that the word "transparent" is the antonym of the word "opaque."
• ​Hence, the correct answer is option 3.
  

Additional Information

• "Intangible" means unable to be touched or grasped; not having physical presence.(अमूर्त)
• "Shadowy" means full of shadows; dimly lit or obscure.(छायादार)
• "Reflector" means a surface or object that reflects light, sound, or heat.(परावर्तक)

The correct answer is "cycle".

Key Points

• The given passage refers to the overall life of a Banana.
• The blank 1 in the sentence will imply the period of the life of the Banana.
• Now, among the given options, the correct word to use is "cycle."
• "Cycle" refers to a sequence of events that repeat in a specific order.(चक्र)
• The word is commonly used to describe the process of something repeating itself.
• Example: The cells are shed over a cycle of twenty-eight days.
• In this context, "cycle" is the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 3.
• Correct passage:

The life cycle of a banana is a colourful one; it starts with a deep green, changes to a delicious yellow and ends at an unappetizing brown. Bananas, like most fruits, produce and ______ (2) ______ with an airborne hormone called ethylene. This hormone helps to signal the ripening process. An unripe fruit is hard and acidic. It is likely to possess a greenish ______ (3) ______ due to the presence of chlorophyll. When a fruit comes into contact ______ (4) ______ ethylene, the acids in the fruit start to break down, it becomes softer and the green chlorophyll is ______ (5) ______ and replaced, in the case of bananas, with a yellow hue. 

Additional Information

• "Span" refers to the length of time or distance between two points.(अवधि)
• "Story" refers to a narrative or account of events.(कहानी)
• "Time" refers to the duration of something or the moment at which something occurs.(समय)

The correct answer is "react".

Key Points

• The given passage refers to the life cycle of Banana.
• Blank 2 in the sentence refers to how the Bananas produce and combine with the airborne hormone named "ethylene."
• Thus, among the given options, the most appropriate word to fill the blank is "react." 
• "React" means to respond or behave in a particular way in response to something.
• It is used about a chemical substance to change after coming into contact with another substance. (किसी रासायनिक तत्‍व में) दूसरे तत्‍व के संपर्क से परिवर्तन आ जाना)
• Example: Someone allergic to milk is likely to react to cheese.
• The other options do not fit the context of the sentence.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
• Correct passage:

The life cycle of a banana is a colourful one; it starts with a deep green, changes to a delicious yellow and ends at an unappetizing brown. Bananas, like most fruits, produce and react with an airborne hormone called ethylene. This hormone helps to signal the ripening process. An unripe fruit is hard and acidic. It is likely to possess a greenish ______ (3) ______ due to the presence of chlorophyll. When a fruit comes into contact ______ (4) ______ ethylene, the acids in the fruit start to break down, it becomes softer and the green chlorophyll is ______ (5) ______ and replaced, in the case of bananas, with a yellow hue. 

Additional Information

• The verb "correspond" means to match or agree with something, usually in terms of communication.(अनुरूप)
• "Differ" means to be unlike or distinct from something else.(अलग होना)
• "Tamper" means to interfere with or alter something in a harmful or unauthorized way. (छेड़छाड़)

The correct answer is "hue".

Key Points

• The given passage refers to the life cycle of a Banana.
• Now, the blank 3 will imply the greenish color that the fruit gets due to the presence of chlorophyll.
• Among the given options, the correct word to use is "hue."
• "Hue" refers to the color of something.(रंग)
• It is often used to describe a specific shade or tone of color.
• Example: "The artist used a deep, rich hue of blue in her painting."
• Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
• Correct passage:

The life cycle of a banana is a colourful one; it starts with a deep green, changes to a delicious yellow and ends at an unappetizing brown. Bananas, like most fruits, produce and react with an airborne hormone called ethylene. This hormone helps to signal the ripening process. An unripe fruit is hard and acidic. It is likely to possess a greenish hue due to the presence of chlorophyll. When a fruit comes into contact ______ (4) ______ ethylene, the acids in the fruit start to break down, it becomes softer and the green chlorophyll is ______ (5) ______ and replaced, in the case of bananas, with a yellow hue. 

Additional Information

• Option 1, "seed", refers to the small, hard part of a plant that can grow into a new plant.(बीज)
• Option 2, "flesh", refers to the soft, edible part of a fruit or vegetable.(माँस)
• Option 3, "fibre", refers to the thread-like strands that make up the tissues of plants or animals.(रेशा)

The correct answer is "with".

Key Points

• The given passage refers to the life cycle of Banana.
• Now, the word in blank 4 will imply how the fruit reacts when it comes in the company of ethylene.
• "With" is the most appropriate preposition to use in this context.
• "With" is used to defined something in the company of somebody/something; in or to the same place as somebody/something.
• Example: The header row is connected with the data row through the use of commas in CSV format.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
• Correct passage:

The life cycle of a banana is a colourful one; it starts with a deep green, changes to a delicious yellow and ends at an unappetizing brown. Bananas, like most fruits, produce and react with an airborne hormone called ethylene. This hormone helps to signal the ripening process. An unripe fruit is hard and acidic. It is likely to possess a greenish hue due to the presence of chlorophyll. When a fruit comes into contact with ethylene, the acids in the fruit start to break down, it becomes softer and the green chlorophyll is ______ (5) ______ and replaced, in the case of bananas, with a yellow hue. 

Additional Information

• "Over" would not be appropriate as it suggests a sense of physical location or movement.
• "From" would not be appropriate as it suggests a sense of direction or origin.
• "By" would not be appropriate as it suggests a sense of agency or method.

The correct answer is "broken up".

Key Points

• The passage refers to the life cycle of Banana.
• Now, the blank 5 will explain how the reaction between the fruit and ethylene breaks the chlorophyl inside the banana.
• Thus, among the given options, the correct phrase to use in the blank is "broken up."
• "Broken up" means to separate or divide something into smaller pieces.(टूटना)
• This phrase is often used to describe relationships or groups that have ended or disbanded.
• ​Example: Their marriage had broken up as a result of long separations.
• ​In the context of the sentence, it suggests that something was previously whole or intact but has now been separated or fragmented.
• ​Hence, the correct answer is option 1.
• Correct passage:

The life cycle of a banana is a colourful one; it starts with a deep green, changes to a delicious yellow and ends at an unappetizing brown. Bananas, like most fruits, produce and react with an airborne hormone called ethylene. This hormone helps to signal the ripening process. An unripe fruit is hard and acidic. It is likely to possess a greenish hue due to the presence of chlorophyll. When a fruit comes into contact with ethylene, the acids in the fruit start to break down, it becomes softer and the green chlorophyll is broken up and replaced, in the case of bananas, with a yellow hue. 

Additional Information

• Option 2, "brought to", suggests that something was taken to a particular place or condition.(किसी चीज़ को किसी विशेष स्थान या स्थिति में ले जाया गया।)
• Example: The package was brought to my doorstep.
• Option 3, "fallen into", implies that something has deteriorated or declined.(कुछ बिगड़ गया है या गिरावट आ गई है।)
• Example: The building has fallen into disrepair.
• Option 4, "turned down", means to reject or refuse something.(किसी चीज़ को अस्वीकार करना)
• Example: I turned down the job offer.

आधुनिक लोग गोबर को कम महत्व देते हैं। उपरोक्त वाक्य में ‘गोबर’ के बदले पद का प्रयोग होगा - गोमय ​अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• दिये गए वाक्य में ‘गोबर’ एक तद्भव शब्द है,
• जिसका तत्सम शब्द 'गोमय' होगा। ​
• वाक्य- आधुनिक लोग गोमय को कम महत्व देते हैं।
• अन्य सभी तत्सम शब्द : अक्षत, तुलसी, कुसुम। ​

Additional Information

'सुजय राघव को पुस्तक दिया।' वाक्य में कारक सम्बन्धी त्रुटि का शुद्ध वाक्य है- सुजय ने राघव को पुस्तक दी। अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points 

• दिए गये वाक्य में 'कारक प्रयोग' की त्रुटि है।
• यहाँ 'सुजय​' सार्थक शब्द नही है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नही हो रहा।
• अत: सार्थक शब्द 'सुजय ने' होना चाहिए।
• त्रुटिरहित वाक्य - सुजय ने राघव को पुस्तक दी।

Important Points 

 कारक संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ:-

Additional Information 

'जो इच्छा के अधीन है' वाक्यांश के लिए एक सार्थक शब्द होगा- ऐच्छिक अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।  

Key Points

• जो इच्छा के अधीन है - ऐच्छिक

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Informationकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द:-

वाक्य में रेखांकित एकार्थी शब्द युग्म का उपयुक्त अर्थ है- शापित-सात अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points 

• वाक्य- हमारे गाँव में पीपल के ‘शप्त-सप्त’ पेड़ हैं।
• वाक्य में 'शप्त' का अर्थ 'शापित' और 'सप्त' का अर्थ 'सात' होगा।
• अन्य सभी विकल्पों से सही अर्थ का बोध नही हो रहा है।

Additional Information कुछ प्रमुख युग्म शब्द व उनके अर्थ:-

अनेकार्थी शब्द है- मुद्रा अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• 'मुद्रा' का अनेकार्थी शब्द- मुहर, आकृति, सिक्का, अँगूठी, रूप, धन।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information कुछ प्रमुख अनेकार्थी शब्द:-

वाक्य में रेखांकित शब्द के विलोम शब्द का प्रयोग करके रिक्तस्थान की पूर्ति है- सफेद अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points 

• वाक्य- सफेद बादल से वर्षा की सम्भावना कम ही होती है, स्याह बादल वर्षा के परिचायक हैं।
• वाक्य में रेखांकित शब्द 'सफेद' के विलोम शब्द 'स्याह' होगा।
• 'सफेद' का अर्थ- श्वेत, दूधिया, धवल, उज्ज्वल, गोरा, धौला, उजला।
• 'स्याह' का अर्थ- काला, कृष्ण, साँवला, श्याम, कलूटा।

अन्य विकल्प:-

Additional Information कुछ महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द:-

“जयेश ने खाना खाया।” उपरोक्त वाक्य का अपूर्ण वर्तमानकाल में रूपांतरण होगा- जयेश खाना खा रहा है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• वाक्य- जयेश ने खाना खाया।
• उपर्युक्त वाक्य सामान्य भूतकाल में है,
• इस वाक्य का अपूर्ण वर्तमानकाल में रूपांतरण है- जयेश खाना खा रहा है।

अन्य विकल्प-

Important Points

Additional Information