SSC GD Constable (2022) Official Paper (Held On : 31 Jan 2023 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

Given:

 

• The image must not to be rotated

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (3)".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. Some watches are big → Follow (As, some watches are clocks, all clocks are black and all black are big. So, as clocks has some part common with watches and whole comes in black which whole comes in big, therefore it is definitely true.)

II. Some watches are black → Follow (As, some watches are clocks and all clocks are black. So, whole clocks comes in black and has some part common with watches therefore it is definitely true.)

So, Both conclusions I and II follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Both conclusions I and II follow".

Given equation : 78 + 3 ÷ 26 - 8 × 24 = 25 

Now, by interchanging the signs

• Option - (1) : ÷ and x

78 + 3 ÷ 26 - 8 × 24 = 25 ⇒ 78 + 3 x 26 - 8 ÷ 24 = 25 

78 + 3 x 26 - 0.33 = 25

78 + 78 - 0.33 = 25

156 - 0.33 = 25

155.67 ≠ 25 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : ÷ and +​

78 + 3 ÷ 26 - 8 × 24 = 25 ⇒ 78 ÷ 3 + 26 - 8 × 24 = 25

26 + 26 - 8 × 24 = 25

26 + 26 - 192 = 25

52 -192 = 25

140 ≠ 25 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : + and -

78 + 3 ÷ 26 - 8 × 24 = 25 ⇒ 78 - 3 ÷ 26 + 8 × 24 = 25 

78 - 0.11 + 8 × 24 = 25

78 + 192 - 0.11 = 25

270 - 0.11 = 25

269.89 ≠ 25 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : × and +

78 + 3 ÷ 26 - 8 × 24 = 25 ⇒ 78 × 3 ÷ 26 - 8 + 24 = 25

78 × 0.11- 8 + 24 = 25

9 + 24 -8 = 25 

33 - 8 = 25

25 = 25 (LHS = RHS)

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

Given :

Statement given :  U ^ Q ^ R @ N & C ^ I @ J @ A

So,

• U ^ Q → U is the mother of Q.

• Q ^ R → Q is the mother of R.

• R @ N → R is the sister of N.

• N & C → N is the brother of C.

​

• C ^ I → C is the mother of I.

• I @ J → I is the sister of J.

• J @ A → J is the sister of A.

Thus, according to the final family tree :-

1. Option - (1) : C is the daughter of Q ⇒ This statement is correct
2. Option - (2) : Q is the maternal grandfather of I ⇒ This statement is incorrect as Q is the maternal grandmother of I
3. Option - (3) : J is the daughter of C ⇒ This statement is correct
4. Option - (4) : Q is the mother of N ⇒ This statement is correct

Here, "Q is the maternal grandfather of I" statement is incorrect.

Hence, "Option - (2)" is the correct answer.

Logic : Both addition and multiplication pattern is followed here.

• Addition pattern → (4) is added to each number alternately starting with first number in the series.
• Multiplication pattern → Each number is multiplied by (2) alternately starting with second number in the series.

So,

Hence, "32" is the correct answer.

Logic : Consecutive multiple of (12) is added to each number subsequently.

So, the series followed here is :

12 + 12 = 24

24 + 24 = 48

48 + 36 = 84

84 + 48 = 132

132 + 60 = 192

Hence, "192" is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

Pattern ⇒ 3 box shifting in the clockwise direction → next two boxes no change → Shifting starts again

1. For '

' element →

• Shifting in the clockwise direction
• Started shifting from the 2^nd box.

2. For '

' element → 

• Shifting in the clockwise direction
• After shifting in 2^nd box, no change in the position in 3^rd box
• After 3^rd box started shifting from 4^th box

3. For '

' element → 

• Shifting in the clockwise direction.
• No change after 3^rd box.

4. For '

' element → 

• Shifting in the anticlockwise direction.
• After shifting in 3^rd box, no change in 4^th box.
• Shifted after 4^th box.

Final series is

Hence, ‘option - (1)’ is the correct answer.

Logic : Total number of letters within the word.

So,

• RAT is coded as 3 :

​⇒ Number of letters in the given word are 3 i.e R, A and T.

And,

• BOTTLE is coded as 6 :

​⇒ Number of letters in the given word are 6 i.e B, O, T, T, L and E.

​Similarly,

• MOBILE is coded as :

​​⇒ Number of letters in the given word are 6 i.e M, O, B, I, L and E.

​Hence, "6" is the correct answer.

Logic : (1^st number - 2^nd number) = (3^rd number ÷ 11)

Given :

• (45, 24, 231)

45 - 24 = 231 ÷ 11

21 = 21 (LHS = RHS)

And,

• (65, 47, 198)

65 - 47 = 198 ÷ 11

18 = 18 (LHS = RHS)

So, 

• Option - (1) : (46, 13, 363)

46 - 13 = 363 ÷ 11

33 = 33 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (2) : (35, 12, 296)

35 - 12 = 296 ÷ 11

23 ≠ 26.90 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : (75, 45, 390)

75 - 45 = 390 ÷ 11

30 ≠ 35.45 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : (70, 35, 285)

70 - 35 = 285 ÷ 11

35 ≠ 25.90 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (1)" is the correct answer.

Given : Six students are sitting around a circular table facing the centre.

Explanation : 

1) Tanya is sitting to the third left of Liam.

2. Nathan is sitting to the immediate left of Liam.

3) Raj is the immediate neighbour of Liam and Maria.

4) Siddharth is sitting to the second right of Maria. 

Thus, according to the final arrangement Tanya is the immediate neighbour of Siddharth and Maria.

Hence, "Tanya" is the correct answer.

Given : Seven friends A, B, C, D, E, F and G are sitting around a circle facing towards the centre.

Explanation : 

1) D is sitting third to the right of A and immediately left of G.

2) Only B is sitting between G and E.

3) C is sitting to the immediate left of F.

Thus, according to the final arrangement F is sitting second to the left of G.

Hence, "F" is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given combination when mirror is placed at MN is as shown below:

Detailed Explanation:

• The line MN is the mirror
• The word "SnMwDNA" the third letter is "M". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 1 is eliminated.

• The word "SnMwDNA" the fifth letter is "D". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 3 is eliminated..

• The word "SnMwDNA" the second letter is "N". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 4 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (2)".

Logic : Sum of the position values according to English alphabetic series is written.

So,

• TIRED is coded as 56

And,

• FRESH is coded as 56

​Similarly,

• HEAVEN will be coded as :

​Hence, "55" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :

• First and second letters ⇒ Consecutive number series is subtracted from the position value according English alphabetic series.
• Third and fourth letter ⇒ Consecutive number series is added to the position value according English alphabetic series.

So,

​

​Hence, "QQLL" is the correct answer.

According to the sequence in the dictionary:

5 Glamorous

3 Glare

1 Glass

4 Glow

2 Glycerine

Hence, the correct option is "5, 3, 1, 4, 2".

Given :

Given statement : 81 × 9 + 21 - 7 ÷ 147  

After replacing the signs according to the question :

⇒ 81 ÷ 9 - 21 × 7 + 147 

⇒ 9 - 21 × 7 + 147

⇒ 9 + 147 - 147

⇒ 156 - 147

⇒ 9

Hence, "9" is the correct answer.

Logic :

• First and last letters → Interchanged their positions
• Rest of the letters → No change

So,

• PENSION : NENSIOP

And,

• QUALITY : YUALITQ

​Similarly,

• PRODUCT : ?

​Hence, "TRODUCP" is the correct answer.

From the given two dices,

 

→ P and O are common surface in both Dice, therefore, 'Q' is the opposite surface of 'M'.

Here, 'Q' is opposite to the face containing 'M'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Q".

The logic followed here is : Consecutive squares series is added to the position value according English alphabetic series.

So,

​

​Hence, "E" is the correct answer.

Logic :

• First letter → Position value according to English alphabetic series is subtracted from (25).
• Second letter → (5) is added to the position value according to English alphabetic series
• Third letter → (4) is added to the position value according to English alphabetic series
• Fourth letter → Position value according to English alphabetic series is subtracted from (25).

So,

• NEAR : KJEG

And,

• SAME : FFQT

​Similarly,

• EARN : ?

​Hence, "TFVK" is the correct answer.

The Correct Answer is 1985.

 

Key Points

• The Dronacharya Award was instituted in 1985.
• These awards are given by the Government of India for Excellency in the field of sports coaching.
• The award is given only to the disciplines included in the events like Olympic Games, Paralympic Games, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, World Championship, and World Cup along with Cricket, Indigenous Games, and Parasports.

Additional Information 

• Revenue deficit refers to a situation where the government's expenditure on revenue items such as salaries, subsidies, and interest payments exceeds its revenue receipts from sources such as taxes and dividends.

• This means that the government is spending more than it is earning, which can lead to a budget deficit and borrowing to meet its expenses.

• Revenue deficits can be caused by various factors such as a slowdown in economic growth, lower tax revenues, and higher expenditure on social welfare programs.

• It is important for the government to address revenue deficits by implementing measures to increase revenue receipts and reduce expenditure on non-essential items.

• The other options mentioned in the question are not relevant to the concept of revenue deficit. Capital deficit refers to a situation where the government's capital expenditure exceeds its capital receipts, while fiscal deficit refers to the excess of government's total expenditure over its total revenue. Revenue surplus, on the other hand, refers to a situation where the government's revenue receipts exceed its revenue expenditure.

Hence, the statement "The correct answer is option 2, revenue deficit refers to the excess of government's revenue expenditure over revenue receipts" is correct.

The correct answer is Droupadi Murmu.

Key Points

• Former Jharkhand Governor and National Democratic Alliance candidate Droupadi Murmu were elected the 15^th President of India on 21 July 2022.
• She is the first tribal woman to be elected to the position & the youngest as well.
• She defeated opposition candidate Yashwant Sinha by bagging 64.03% of the electoral college votes.
• She will take oath on 25 July 2022 and will replace Ram Nath Kovind.

Additional Information 

• Bishweswar Tudu is a prominent tribal leader from West Bengal who served as a Member of Parliament from 1998 to 2009.
• Jasvantsinh Bhabhor is a tribal leader from Gujarat who served as the Minister of State for Tribal Affairs in the Government of India from 2014 to 2019.
• Sudarshan Bhagat is a politician from Jharkhand who served as the Minister of State for Tribal Affairs in the Government of India from 2014 to 2019.

Important Points 

List of Presidents of India till date:-

The correct answer is It is both rabi and kharif crop.

Key Points 

• Castor seeds are a unique crop as they can be grown in both rabi and kharif seasons.
• This means that farmers have the flexibility to cultivate castor seeds twice a year.
• Castor seeds are also known as non-food oilseed crops.
• They are primarily grown for their oil, which is used in a variety of industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and lubricants.
• Castor seeds require warm temperatures and well-drained soil to grow.
• They are not suitable for areas with heavy rainfall or high humidity.
• Castor seeds are also known for their high resistance to pests and diseases. This makes them a low-maintenance crop, which is ideal for small farmers who may not have access to expensive pesticides.

Additional Information

• Rabi crops are those that are sown in the winter and harvested in the spring. Examples of rabi crops include wheat, barley, and mustard.
• Kharif crops are those that are sown in the rainy season and harvested in the autumn. Examples of Kharif crops include rice, maize, and cotton.
• Zaid crops are those that are grown in the summer season between rabi and kharif. Examples of zaid crops include watermelon, cucumber, and bitter gourd.

The correct answer is April.

Key Points

• The Buddhist festival 'Songkran' is celebrated mainly in  Arunachal Pradesh.
• This Buddhist festival is observed as a spring cleaning.
• It is celebrated for several days during the middle of April, people clean their houses wash clothes and enjoy sprinkling perfumed water on the monks.

Additional Information

Other important Buddhist festivals.

• Ulambana
• Hemis Gompa
• Losar Festival

The correct answer is Three.

Key Points

• Panchayati Raj System -
• It was first introduced in India by the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 2 October 1959 in the Nagaur district of Rajasthan.
• Panchayati Raj system is the system of local self-government of rural India.
• Self-governance of urban areas is carried out by municipalities and sub-municipalities.
• Self-governance of rural areas is carried out through Panchayati Raj Institutions.
• Panchayati Raj institutions are three -
• Gram Panchayat at the village level
• Panchayat Samiti at Block (Taluka) level
• Zilla Parishad at the district level

Additional Information

• 'Panchayati Raj Day is observed every year on 24 April in India.
• In the year 1993, through the 73^rd and 74^th Constitutional Amendments, the three-tier Panchayati Raj system in India got constitutional status.
• Lord Ripon is considered the father of local self-government in India during the British rule in India.
• In the year 1882, he made a proposal regarding local self-government.

The correct answer is M. Venkateshkumar.

Key Points

• M. Venkateshkumar has been conferred the Kalidas Samman in February 2022.
• The Kalidas Samman is a prestigious award given by the Madhya Pradesh government for outstanding contributions in the field of arts and culture.
• Kumar Gandharva was a renowned Hindustani classical singer who passed away in 1992. He was also a recipient of the Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan awards.
• Zia Mohiuddin Dagar was a noted Indian classical musician who played the rudra veena. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1991.
• Bhupen Khakhar was a prominent Indian painter who passed away in 2003. He was known for his unique style of pop art and was awarded the Padma Shri in 1984.

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• As per the 2011 census, the State of Kerala had the highest sex ratio in India.
• Kerala with 1084 has the highest sex ratio.
• Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per thousand males.
• It was revealed that the population ratio in India 2011 is 943 females per 1000.

Additional Information

• The Indian Census is the largest single source of a variety of statistical information on different characteristics of the people of India.
• The first census of India was conducted by Lord Mayo in 1872.
• The first official census was started by Lord Ripon in 1881.
• In 2011 it is 15 census of India.
• It comes to the Ministry of Home Affairs From 1961.
• The slogan of the 2011 Census is Our Census Our Future.
• C M Chandramauli was the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India for the 2011 Indian Census.

Important Points

• Haryana state has the lowest sex ratio(879) in India.
• In Union Territory Puducherry with 1038 highest.
• Overall Daman and Diu have the lowest sex ratio of 618.
• The sex ratio of India is 943.
• The home minister of India is Mr.Amit Shah.

The correct answer is southeast of the Eastern Ghats

Key Points

• Shevroy Hills and the Javadi Hills are located to the southeast of the Eastern Ghats.
• The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats mark the western and the eastern edges of the Deccan Plateau respectively.
• The Western Ghats are higher than the Eastern Ghats.
• The Eastern Ghats stretch from the Mahanadi Valley to the Nilgiris in the south.
• Jindhagada Peak (1,690 meters) is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats.
• The Western Ghats cause orographic rain by facing the rain-bearing moist winds to rise along the western slopes of the Ghats.
• The highest peaks include the Anai Mudi (2,695 meters) and the Doda Betta (2,637 meters).

The correct answer is Amar Kumar Paswan.

Key Points

• Amar Kumar Paswan became Member of Legislative Assembly from Bochahan, Bihar in India, in April 2022.
• Baby Kumari is not a correct option as she is not mentioned in the question.
• Ramvriksh Sada is also not a correct option as he is not mentioned in the question.
• Tej Pratap Yadav is also not a correct option as he is not mentioned in the question.
• Bochahan is a small town in Bihar, India, which falls under the Muzaffarpur district of Bihar.

Additional Information

• Baby Kumari is not mentioned in the question, so she is not a correct option.
• Ramvriksh Sada is also not mentioned in the question, so he is not a correct option.
• Tej Pratap Yadav is a politician from Bihar, India, who was the Health Minister in the Bihar Government.

The correct answer is Manipuri.

Key Points

• Manipuri is an ancient classical dance form that originated in the northeastern state of Manipur in India.
• Jagoi and cholom are the two main divisions in Manipur’s dance, the one gentle and the other vigorous, corresponding to the lasya and tandava elements described in Sanskrit literature.
• There are essentially two divisions in the classical Manipuri dance:
• Jagoi
• Predominant in Ras Leela, this steam represents the Lasya element described in Bharata’s Natya Shastra. Here, the legs are generally bent and the knees are kept together. The foot movements are not as loud and pronounced as in the other classical dances of India.
• Cholom
• ​This represents the Tandava form of classical dance

Additional Information

• The Sangeet Natak Academy currently confers classical status on eight Indian classical dance styles:

The correct answer is option 2 i.e, ​Article 63.

Key Points

• The Vice President of India is the second-highest constitutional office in India after the President.
• Article 63 of the Indian Constitution states that there shall be a Vice President of India.
• Article 66 of the Indian Constitution deals with the election of the Vice President.
• He is the ex-officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• The first vice president of India was Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.
• Jagdeep Dhankhar is the current Vice President of India.
• Article 67: The Constitution states that the Vice President can be removed by a resolution of the Rajya Sabha passed by an effective majority and agreed by the Lok Sabha with a simple majority.
• Qualifications of Vice President, a person:
• Should be a citizen of India.
• Have completed more than 35 years of age.
• Not hold any office of profit.
• Article 56 deals with the President's term of office.
• Article 60 deals with the oath and Affirmation of the President.
• Article 77 deals with the Conduct of business of the Government of India.
• States.

Important Points

 Vice President of India:

• The Vice-President of India is the second-highest constitutional head of the country.
• The Vice-President of India serves for a five-year term.
• Nominated members participate in the election and removal process of Vice President (but for Presidential election nominated members cannot participate).

The correct answer is Joseph Stalin.

Key Points

• Joseph Stalin was the Russian leader who first implemented the Five Year Plan approach in Russia.
• Joseph Stalin implemented the first FYP in the Soviet Union in the late 1920s.
• Most communist states and many capitalist countries later adopted them.

Additional Information

• After independence, India launched its first five-year plan in 1951.
• The first five-year plan was based on Harrod-Domar Model.
• The Eighth Plan could not take off in 1990 due to the fast-changing political situation at the Centre and the years 1990-91 and 1991-92 were treated as Annual Plans.

The correct answer is ​2^nd October 2014.

Key Points

• On 2 October 2014, the 'Swachh Bharat Mission was launched as a mass national movement across the country.
• Under this campaign, the target of realizing the vision of "Swachh Bharat" by 2 October 2019 had been set.
• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is the most important cleanliness campaign undertaken by the Government of India.
• Shri Narendra Modi started the Swachh Bharat Mission in New Delhi, Rajpath.

Additional Information

• The central government had a target of constructing 10 crore toilets by 2019 under the Swachh Bharat Mission.
• This ambitious campaign is divided into two categories.
• These categories are - Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Rural) and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Urban)
• The Namami Gange project is a huge mission to clean the mother Ganga under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

The correct answer is 'Jallianwala Bagh Massacre'.

Key Points

• The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13 April 1919 (on the day of Baisakhi).
• It took place at Jallianwala Bagh near the Golden Temple in Amritsar, Punjab province of India.
• A large peaceful crowd had gathered to protest against the Rowlatt Act
• An English officer named General Dyer blocked the exit with his troops and ordered them to shoot at the crowd, continuing to fire even as the protestors tried to flee.
• In the massacre, more than 400 people died and more than 2000 were injured.
• This incident shocked Rabindranath Tagore to such an extent that he renounced his knighthood.

Additional Information Bengal partition:

• The Partition of Bengal was announced on 19 July 1905 by the then Viceroy Lord Curzon.
• And was implemented on 16 October 1905
• However, in 1911 it was withdrawn by Lord Hardinge.

Non-cooperation movement:

• The Non-cooperation Movement started in 1920.
• The leader of the Non-Cooperation Movement was Mahatma Gandhi.
• The non-cooperation movement was a mass movement that involved participation from the nationalists as well as the public.

Champaran movements

• Champaran Satyagraha was Mahatma Gandhi’s first experiment of Satyagraha.
• It was undertaken in the erstwhile undivided Champaran district in northern Bihar in April 1917.
• It was undertaken after Mahatma Gandhi learned about the abuses suffered by farmers, who were forced into growing indigo by British planters and estate owners.

The correct answer is 8.2 per cent.

Key Points

• 12^th Five-Year Plan(2012-17)
• It was India's last five-year plan.
• It aims at a growth rate of 8%.
• 12^th Five-Year Plan focuses on Growth that is Faster, Inclusive, and Sustainable.
• It aims to reduce poverty by 10% during the 12^th Five-Year Plan.
• There will be Agriculture growth at 4% and Manufacturing growth at 10%.
• Every state must attain a higher growth rate than the rate achieved during the 11^th plan.

Additional Information

• First Five Year Plan( 1951-1956): It was based on the Harrod-Domar model with some modifications.
• Its main focus was on the agricultural development of the country.
• During the 8^th  Five year plan( 1992-1997), a New Economic Policy of India was launched.
• The decades-old five-year plan is now replaced with the new three-year action plan which will be monitored by NITI AAYOG.

The correct answer is 20.

Key Points

• Sound waves are longitudinal mechanical waves and frequency can be defined as the number of wave cycles happening in one sec.
• The types of sound waves whose frequencies are lower than the audible limit of human hearing are called Infrasonic waves.
• Frequencies less than 20 Hz.

Additional Information

• Frequency can be divided into three categories based on their frequency range:
• ​Audible sound waves: The frequency range of this wave is 20Hz - 20000Hz. Humans can easily detect these types of waves.
• Example: Sound produced by Vocal cords.
• Infrasonic waves: The frequency range of these types of waves is below 20Hz. Humans cannot detect it.
• Example: Sound produced by Earthquake, Volcanic eruption and ocean waves, etc.
• Ultrasonic waves or Ultrasound waves: The sound frequency above 20,000Hz is known as ultrasonic waves. Humans cannot detect it too.

The correct answer is the  lion

Key Points

The 36^th National Games

• The 36^th National Games is coming to an end after a glorious display of sporting performance and sportsmanship spirit.
• In its 36^th edition, Gujarat hosted the National Games for the first time in 2022.
• The National Games 2022 was held across six cities, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot, and Bhavnagar, in Gujarat.
• Almost 7,000 athletes from 28 Indian States, eight Union Territories, and Services, the sports team of the Indian Armed Forces, competed for medals in 36 different sports.
• The Official mascot for the 36^th National Games is “SAVAJ”, it portrays a sportsman’s most prominent personality traits of self-confidence, vigor, a strong sense of motivation, an inner desire to succeed, a strong sense of focus, a natural leader, and a goal setter
• Savaj- taranhar in gujarati means “Savior” in English. Savaj is the representation of The Asiatic Lion, which today survives only in wild India.

Additional Information

• National Games
• ​The National Games trace its origins to the Olympic Movement, which became highly popular in India in the 1920s.
• The National Games of India was organized as the Indian Olympic Games in the initial years.
• Since the 9^th edition of the 1924 Indian Olympic Games in Lahore, these games have been held every two years in major cities of India.
• In 1940, the Indian Olympic Games were organized as National Games.
• It involves competition between sportsmen from various parts of the country.
• The city of Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh hosted the inaugural edition of the National Games in Independent India.
• These games’ duration and regulations are within the jurisdiction of the Indian Olympics Association.
• The National Games must be conducted in such a way that they do not clash with the Olympic Games

The correct answer is Leucoplasts.

Key Points

• Leucoplasts are present in plant cells, located in tissues such as roots, bulbs, and seeds. They are plastids category but colourless (non-pigment) as compared to the other plastids like chloroplast.
• Chromoplast is a plastid which contains a pigment called lycopeneconsists (red, yellow and orange coloured pigments). It is present in the lumina of membrane sacs as a form of crystals.
• A chloroplast (a type of plastid) is an organelle within the green plant cell and certain algae that is the site of the photosynthesis process. It contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy. Chloroplasts have small circular chromosomes known as extranuclear DNA.
• Chromatophores, pigment-containing and light-reflecting cell in the deeper layers of the skin of animals. It is the cause of changes in colour or brightness in the organism. chromatophores are termed melanophores (black), erythrophores (red), xanthophores (yellow), or leucophores (white). The distribution of the chromatophores and the pigments they contain determine the colour patterns of an organism.

Additional InformationMitochondria:

• Mitochondria is is a double-layered cell organelle, in which the outer layer is porous and the inner layer is folded upon itself is known to be cristae.
• The number of mitochondria in a single cell may be up to 50 to 5000.
• The inner lumen of mitochondria contains ribosome phosphate particles and DNA molecules.
• It has the potential to synthesize its own protein and the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats takes place with the help of enzymes in mitochondria.
• This energy is stored in the form of ATP ( Adenosine Triphosphate ) so, these are known as the "Powerhouse of the cell".

Vacuoles are large membrane sacs found in the cytoplasm.

These store substances that are not essentially useful for the cell (like water, sap, excretory products, and other materials).

The correct answer is Ganga.

Key Points

• Rigveda is one of the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism, composed in the ancient Sanskrit language.
• It contains hymns and prayers dedicated to various deities and natural elements like rivers, mountains, and forests.
• Among the rivers mentioned in Rigveda, Ganga is the only one that is named just once, in the 10^th book, hymn 75, verse 5.
• Indus, Saraswati, and Jhelum are also mentioned in Rigveda, but multiple times, indicating their significance in the ancient Indian civilization.
• Ganga is considered a sacred river in Hinduism and is worshipped as a goddess. It is also the largest river in India, flowing through several states and supporting millions of people for their livelihood.

Additional Information 

• The Indus is one of the oldest and longest rivers in Asia, flowing through India, Pakistan, and China. It was the cradle of the Indus Valley Civilization, one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world.
• Saraswati is a mythical river that is believed to have flown in ancient India but dried up due to geological changes. It is considered a goddess of learning, wisdom, and music in Hinduism.
• Jhelum is a river that flows through the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir and the Pakistani province of Punjab. It was known as Hydaspes in ancient times and was the site of the famous battle between Alexander the Great and King Porus in 326 BCE.

Given:

Cost price of 20 balls = Selling price of 18 balls

Cost price of 20 balls = Selling price of 18 balls

Concept:

Profit percent = [(Selling Price - Cost Price)/Cost Price] × 100

Calculation:

⇒ Selling Price of 1 ball = Cost Price of 20/18 balls

⇒ Profit percent = [(20/18 - 1) × 100]% = $\frac{100}{9}$

Therefore, the profit percent is $\frac{100}{9}$%.

Given:

Speed to Rajahmundry = 50 km/h, Speed to Guntur = 60 km/h

Concept:

Average speed = Total Distance / Total Time

Calculation:

⇒ Average speed = 2 × 50 × 60 / (50 + 60) km/h = 54.55 km/h

Hence, the average speed for the whole journey is 54.55 km/h.

Given:

Dealer's profit = Rs. 72,

Markup = 40%,

Discount = 20%

Concept:

Selling Price = (100 + Markup% of Cost of Production) × (100 - Discount%) / 100

Calculation:

Let's assume the cost price of the article is C.

⇒ The marked price (M) is 140% of C (since the dealer marked up the price by 40%),

⇒ M = 1.4C

The selling price (S) is 80% of M (since the dealer provided a 20% discount),

⇒ S = 0.8M = 0.8 × 1.4C = 1.12C

The profit is the selling price (S) minus the cost price (C),

We know from the problem that the profit is Rs. 72.

⇒ 1.12C - C = 72

⇒ 0.12C = 72

⇒ C = 72 ÷ 0.12 = Rs. 600

Therefore, the cost of production of the article is Rs. 600.

Given:

Rectangular ground dimensions = 90 m × 42 m,

Road width = 7 m and 3 m, Cost per m² = Rs. 25

Concept:

Total Cost = Total Area of roads × Cost per m²

Calculation:

Area of the road parallel to length = Length of the ground × Width of this road

⇒ A1 = 90 m × 7 m = 630 m²

Area of the other road = Width of the ground × Width of this road

⇒ A2 = 42 m × 3 m = 126 m²

However, at the intersection of the roads, the area has been counted twice.

Intersection area = Width of the first road × Width of the second road

⇒ A_intersection = 7 m × 3 m = 21 m²

Hence, the total area of roads, A_total, is given by A1 + A2 - A_intersection

⇒ A_total = 630 m² + 126 m² - 21 m² = 735 m²

Cost of laying bricks on roads = Total area of roads × Cost per m²

⇒ Cost = 735 m² × Rs. 25/m² = Rs. 18375

Therefore, the cost of laying the bricks on the roads will be Rs. 18375.

Given:

Principal = ₹6,750,

Amount = ₹8,984.25,

Rate of interest = 20% per annum

Compounded half yearly

Concept:

Compound Interest formula: A = P × (1 + r/n)^(nt)

Calculation:

Since interest is compounded half-yearly,

n = 2 and r = 20% = 0.20 becomes 0.20/2 = 0.10 per half-year.

Substitute the given values into the formula and solve for t.

⇒ 8984.25 = 6750 × (1 + 0.10)^(2t)

⇒ 1.331 = (1.10)^(2t)

To get 2t, we need to find how many times we need to multiply 1.10 by itself to get 1.331.

⇒ 2t ≈ 3

⇒ t = 3 ÷ 2 = 1.5 years

Therefore, the time required is approximately 1.5 years

Concept:

Numbers that have any common factor other than 1 are not co-prime

Calculation:

Any two prime numbers:

Prime numbers only have two factors, 1 and the number itself.

Therefore, any two prime numbers are always co-prime.

Any two consecutive odd numbers:

Consecutive odd numbers, such as 3 and 5 or 7 and 9, always have a common factor of 1

Hence are co-prime. 

Any two consecutive numbers:

Consecutive numbers such as 4 and 5 or 9 and 10 always have a common factor of 1

Hence are co-prime.

Any two consecutive even numbers:

Consecutive even numbers such as 2 and 4 or 8 and 10 always have a common factor of 2.

Therefore, they are NOT co-prime.

Therefore, 'Any two consecutive even numbers' are NOT co-prime numbers.

Given:

Ramesh can complete a piece of work in 10 days

Suresh can complete a piece of work in 12 days

Formula Used:

Efficiency = (Total Work)/(Time )

Calculations:

Let the total work be 60 units

⇒ Efficiency of Ramesh = 60/10 = 6 units/day

⇒ Efficiency of Suresh = 60/12 = 5 units/day

Combined Efficiency = 6 + 5 = 11 units/day

According to the question,

Work done in 2 days = 11 units

⇒ Work done in 10 days = 55 units

Remaining work = 5 units

On 11^th day, Ramesh will complete remaining 5 units

Time required by Ramesh = 5/6 days

⇒ Total time required = 10 + (5/6) = 10(5/6) days

Shortcut Trick

Make the total sum of ratios equal for all three drugs (LCM of 7, 14, 21 = 42).

Drug 1 (2 ± 5 = 7): Multiply by 6 → 12 ∶ 30

Drug 2 (5 ± 9 = 14): Multiply by 3 → 15 ∶ 27

Drug 3 (8 ± 13 = 21): Multiply by 2 → 16 ∶ 26

Total Alcohol = 12 + 15 + 16 = 43 | Total Water = 30 + 27 + 26 = 83

∴ The correct answer is 43 ∶ 83.

Alternate Method

Given: Ratio of Alcohol to Water in three equal quantities.

Formula: Total Alcohol = sum of individual parts; Total Water = sum of individual parts.

⇒ Total Alcohol = (2/7 + 5/14 + 8/21)

⇒ LCM of 7, 14, 21 = 42

⇒ Total Alcohol = (12 + 15 + 16)/42 = 43/42

⇒ Total Water = (5/7 + 9/14 + 13/21)

⇒ Total Water = (30 + 27 + 26)/42 = 83/42

⇒ Final Ratio = 43/42 ∶ 83/42 = 43 ∶ 83

∴ The correct answer is 43 ∶ 83.

Additional Information

Mixture Alligation

Used to find the ratio in which two or more ingredients at given prices/ratios are mixed to produce a mixture of a specified mean price/ratio.

Compound Ratio

For two ratios a∶b and c∶d, the compound ratio is (a×c)∶(b×d).

Equal Quantity Rule

When equal quantities are mixed, ensure the sum of ratio parts is equated using LCM before adding corresponding components.

Shortcut Trick

Rate (R) = 5% = 1/20 → Installment Factor = 21/20.

For 2 installments: Principal (P) = x × [ (20/21) + (20/21)² ]

30,000 = x × [ 20/21 + 400/441 ] = x × [ 820 / 441 ]

x = (30,000 × 441) ÷ 820 ≈ 16,134.14

∴ The correct answer is ₹16,134.

Alternate Method

Given: Principal (P) = ₹30,000 | Rate (R) = 5% | Time (n) = 2 years | Equal Installments = x

Formula: Principal = [ x ÷ (1 + R/100)¹ ] + [ x ÷ (1 + R/100)² ]

⇒ 30,000 = x ÷ (1.05) + x ÷ (1.05)²

⇒ 30,000 = x × (1 ÷ 1.05 + 1 ÷ 1.1025)

⇒ 30,000 = x × (0.95238 + 0.90703)

⇒ 30,000 = x × 1.85941

⇒ x = 30,000 ÷ 1.85941

⇒ x ≈ 16134.14

∴ The correct answer is ₹16,134.

Additional Information

CI Installment General Formula

For n installments, Principal P = x ÷ k¹ + x ÷ k² + ... + x ÷ kⁿ, where k = (1 + r/100).

Effective Interest Rate

The effective compound rate for 2 years is R_eff = 2R + R²/100. For 5%, R_eff = 10.25%.

Present Value Concept

Each installment paid in the future is discounted back to the present day using the compound interest rate to equate it with the initial borrowed principal.

Given: 

Ratio of numbers = 6 ∶ 4 ∶ 10,

Sum of their squares = 3800

Concept:

If three numbers are in the ratio a ∶ b ∶ c,

their squares are in the ratio a² ∶ b² ∶ c²

Calculation:

⇒ Sum of squares = (6x)² + (4x)² + (10x)² = 3800

⇒ 152 x² = 3800

⇒ x² = 25

⇒ x = 5

6x = 6 × 5 = 30, 4x = 4 × 5 = 20, and 10x = 10 × 5 = 50  

Therefore, the three numbers are 30, 20, and 50.

Given:

Total votes = 1200,

Independent candidate votes = 28% of total

Concept:

Rest of the votes were equally divided among the three candidates

Calculation:

Calculate the votes polled by the independent candidate.

⇒ Votes by independent candidate = 28% of total votes = 28/100 × 1200 votes = 336 votes

Calculate the votes left for the national parties.

⇒ Votes left for national parties = Total votes - Votes by independent candidate

⇒ 1200 votes - 336 votes = 864 votes

As the votes were equally divided among the candidates of three national parties,

Calculate the votes each national party candidate got.

⇒ Votes per national party candidate = Votes left for national parties ÷ 3

⇒ 864 votes ÷ 3 = 288 votes

Hence, each candidate of the national party got 288 votes.

Shortcut Trick

The time duration from March to May is 2 months (March → April, April → May).

Effective percentage increase for 2 successive months = a + b + (a × b) ÷ 100

Effective increase = 2 + 2 + (2 × 2) ÷ 100 = 4.04%

Salary in May = Initial Salary × (100% + 4.04%)

Salary in May = 7500 × 1.0404 = 7803

∴ The correct answer is ₹7,803.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial salary in March = ₹7,500

Monthly rate of increment (R) = 2%

Number of increments (T) = 2 months

Formula Used:

Final Value = Initial Value × (1 + R ÷ 100)^T

Calculations:

⇒ Salary in May = 7500 × (1 + 2 ÷ 100)²

⇒ Salary in May = 7500 × (102 ÷ 100) × (102 ÷ 100)

⇒ Salary in May = 7500 × 1.02 × 1.02

⇒ Salary in May = 7500 × 1.0404

⇒ Salary in May = 7803

∴ The correct answer is ₹7,803.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Formula

When a value is sequentially increased by a% and then by b%, the effective percentage change is given by: Net Change = a + b + (a × b) ÷ 100.

Compound Interest Analogy

A consistent percentage increase over uniform time periods directly works on the principle of compound interest: A = P × (1 + R ÷ 100)ⁿ, where the base updates after each period.

Multiplying Factor Approach

An increase of r% corresponds to multiplying the initial value by a factor of (1 + r ÷ 100). For successive increases, simply multiply these factors together.

Shortcut Trick

Total Distance = 35 + 45 = 80 km

Total Time = 15 + 25 = 40 minutes

Average Speed = (Total Distance ÷ Total Time) × 60

Average Speed = (80 ÷ 40) × 60 = 2 × 60 = 120 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 120 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

First distance (d₁) = 35 km, Time (t₁) = 15 minutes

Second distance (d₂) = 45 km, Time (t₂) = 25 minutes

Formula Used:

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Calculations:

⇒ Total distance = 35 km + 45 km = 80 km

⇒ Total time = 15 min + 25 min = 40 minutes

⇒ Converting time into hours: 40 minutes = 40 ÷ 60 hours = 2 ÷ 3 hours

⇒ Average Speed = 80 ÷ (2/3)

⇒ Average Speed = 80 × (3/2)

⇒ Average Speed = 40 × 3 = 120 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 120 km/h.

Additional Information

Average Speed (Equal Distances)

If a car covers two equal distances at speeds x and y, the average speed is given by (2 × x × y) ÷ (x + y).

Speed Unit Conversion

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Relative Speed

When two objects move in the same direction, relative speed = S₁ − S₂. When they move in opposite directions, relative speed = S₁ + S₂.

Given:

A's time = 9 days for 3/4^th work,

B's time = 12 days for 2/5^th work,

A + B + C's time = 60/11 days,

Total earnings = Rs. 330

Concept:

Shares of A, B, C are proportional to the amount of work they did in the given time

Calculation:

Calculate the total shares of A, B, and C.

Time taken by A to complete the whole work = 9 × 4/3 = 12 days

Time taken by B to complete the whole work = 12 × 5/2 = 30 days

Time taken by all three = 60/11 days

LCM of 12, 30, and 60/11 = 60

So, Let the total work be 60 units

Efficiency of A = 60/12 = 5

Efficiency of B = 60/30 = 2

Efficiency of all three = 60/(60/11) = 11

Efficiency of C = Eff.(A+B+C) - Eff.(A + B)

⇒ Efficiency of C = 11 - (5+2)

⇒ 11 - 7 = 4

Thus, Efficiency of C = 4 units

Now, the amount of work done by A in 60/11 days ⇒ 5 × 60/11 = 300/11

The amount of work done by B in 60/11 days ⇒ 2 × 60/11 = 120/11

The amount of work done by C in 60/11 days ⇒ 4 × 60/11 = 240/11

Ratio of work done of A, B, and C =300/11 : 120/11 : 240/11 = 5 : 2 : 4

Since, Total shares = Sum of the ratio of work done,

So, Sum of ratio of work done = 5 + 2 + 4 = 11 units

⇒ Total shares = 11 units

⇒ 330 = 11 units

⇒ 1 unit = 30

⇒ A's share = 30 × 5 = Rs. 150

⇒ C's share = 30 × 4 = Rs. 120

The difference in the share of A and C = 150 - 120 

⇒ Rs. 30

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 30

Given:

2 tables = 5 chairs,

Price of a chair = Rs. 500

Concept:

Average price = Total cost / Number of items

Calculation:

Calculate the price of 1 table.

⇒ Price of 1 table = Price of 5 chairs / 2 = Rs. 500 × 5 / 2 = Rs. 1,250

Calculate the total price of 6 tables and 9 chairs.

Total price = Price of 6 tables + Price of 9 chairs

⇒ 6 × Rs. 1,250 + 9 × Rs. 500 = Rs. 7,500 + Rs. 4,500 = Rs. 12,000

Calculate the average price.

Average price = Total price / Total number of items

⇒ Rs. 12,000 / 15 = Rs. 800

Therefore, the average price of 6 tables and 9 chairs is Rs. 800.

Given:

Shirts = 15 of ₹520 each,

Pants = 20 of ₹600 each,

Kurtas = 15 of ₹650 each

Concept:

Average value = Total value / Number of articles

Calculation:

Calculate the total value of shirts, pants, and kurtas.

⇒ Total value = (15 × ₹520) + (20 × ₹600) + (15 × ₹650)

⇒ ₹7,800 + ₹12,000 + ₹9,750 = ₹29,550

Calculate the total number of items.

⇒ Total number of items = 15 shirts + 20 pants + 15 kurtas = 50 items

Calculate the average value.

⇒ Average value = Total value / Total number of items

⇒ ₹29,550 / 50 = ₹591

Therefore, the average value of each article is ₹591.

Shortcut Trick

Net multiplier for successive discounts = (1 − d₁/100) × (1 − d₂/100) × (1 − d₃/100).

Effective Selling Price factor = 0.70 × 0.85 × 0.95 = 0.56525.

Single Equivalent Discount = (1 − 0.56525) × 100.

Equivalent Discount = 43.475 percent.

∴ The correct answer is 43.475 percent.

Alternate Method

Given → Successive Discounts of 30%, 15% and 5%. Formulas: Successive Discount = a + b − (a × b)/100.

⇒ Step 1: Combine first two discounts (30% and 15%) = 30 + 15 − (30 × 15)/100 = 45 − 4.5 = 40.5%. ⇒ Step 2: Combine result with third discount (40.5% and 5%) = 40.5 + 5 − (40.5 × 5)/100. ⇒ Step 3: Result = 45.5 − 2.025 = 43.475%.

∴ The correct answer is 43.475 percent.

Additional Information

Marked Price & Discount

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). SP = MP × (100 − Discount%)/100.

Successive Discounts

Order of applying successive discounts does not change the final net discount.

Data:

Diameter = d cm,

Height = d/2 cm

Concept:

Volume of a Cylinder = πr²h

Calculation:

⇒ Radius = d/2

⇒ Volume = π × (d/2)² × (d/2) = (πd³)/8

Therefore, the volume of the cylinder is $\pi\frac{d^{3}}{8}$ cm³.

Shortcut Trick

If a number a is divisible by 6 and 21, it must be divisible by their LCM.

LCM of 6 and 21 = 42.

Since a is a multiple of 42, then 5a must be a multiple of 5 × 42.

5 × 42 = 210.

∴ The correct answer is 210.

Alternate Method

Given: Number a is divisible by 6 and 21.

Formula: If n is divisible by x and y, then n is a multiple of LCM(x, y).

⇒ 6 = 2 × 3

⇒ 21 = 3 × 7

⇒ LCM(6, 21) = 2 × 3 × 7 = 42

⇒ Since a is divisible by 42, we can write a = 42k (where k is an integer).

⇒ 5a = 5 × (42k) = 210k

⇒ Since 5a is a multiple of 210, it is always divisible by 210.

∴ The correct answer is 210.

Additional Information

LCM and Divisibility

If a number is divisible by multiple integers, it is necessarily divisible by their Least Common Multiple (LCM).

Scaling Property of Multiples

If x is divisible by y, then any integer multiple kx is also divisible by ky.

Factor Property

If a number is divisible by n, it is also divisible by every factor of n.

Given:

Total cost price of book and pen = Rs. 371,

Book cost price = 12% more than pen

Calculation:

Let pen cost price = x,

then book cost price = 1.12x,

⇒ x + 1.12x = 371

⇒ 2.12x = 371 

⇒ x = 371/2.12 = (371 × 100)/212 = 175

Therefore, the cost price of the pen is approximately Rs. 175.

The correct answer is "Terminal."

 

Key Points

• "Initial" means happening at the beginning; first. (प्रारंभिक; प्रथम)
• Example: This is the initial stage of the plan.
• The antonym of Initial is Terminal.
• "Terminal" means final or ultimate. (अंतिम या चरम)
• Example: I met a patient in the terminal stages of their illness.
• Terminal is the opposite of Initial in terms of starting and ending points.
• The correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

• Trivial means unimportant or insignificant. (महत्वहीन, मामूली; नगण्य, तुच्‍छ)
• Inaugural means relating to the beginning or first occurrence of something. (उद्‌घाटन-संबंधी)
• Fractional means relating to or constituting a part or fraction of a whole. (संपूर्ण के किसी भाग या अंश से संबंधित या गठित करने वाला)

The correct answer is "To reveal a secret accidentally."

 

Key Points

• "Let the cat out of the bag" is an idiom that means to accidentally reveal a secret. (गलती से कोई रहस्य उजागर हो जाना)
• Example: I'm afraid I might let the cat out of the bag.
• The phrase likely originated from the practice of fraudsters selling unsuspecting customers a bag that was supposed to contain a piglet, but actually contained a cat. If the cat was revealed, the fraud would be exposed.
• The correct answer is Option 4.

Here, the erroneous part is "eating."

 Key Points

• The error lies in the part "eating."
• Here, the subject is "they."
• The correct verb form for the subject "they" in this sentence is "ate" instead of "eating" to convey the past tense.
• "Eating" is a present participle form of the verb, which is not appropriate for the past tense context of the sentence.
• The correct answer is Option 3.

Correct sentence: They ate three apples after last night's dinner.

The correct answer is "Obvious."

 

Key Points

• "Latent" means hidden or inactive. (विद्यमान परंतु प्रकट या सक्रिय नहीं; प्रच्‍छन्‍न)
• Example: She has a latent disease.
• "Obvious" is the correct antonym of "Latent."
• "Obvious" means easily noticeable or apparent. (जो आसानी से दिखाई दे या समझ में आए; स्‍पष्‍ट)
• Example: For obvious reasons, I’d prefer not to give my name.
• The correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• "Deceitful" means dishonest or misleading. (कपटी; बहकाने वाला)
• "Casual" means relaxed or informal. (तनावमुक्त और अचिंतित; प्रयास, परवाह या रुचि से वंचित)
• "Dormant" means temporarily inactive or asleep. (कुछ समय के लिए निष्क्रिय)

The correct answer is "Saline."

 Key Points

• "Salty" means having the taste of or containing salt. (नमक के स्‍वाद वाला या नमक से भरा हुआ; नमकीन, खारा)
• Example: I didn’t like the meat, it was too salty.
• Synonyms of Saline are salty, brackish, briny, seawater, etc.
• "Saline" means containing salt or salty in taste or smell. (रासायनिक नमक से भरा हुआ; लवणीय)
• Example: The seawater was too saline to drink.
• The correct answer is option 3.

 Additional Information

• Feline means relating to or resembling cats. (बिल्‍ली प्रजाति से संबंधित; बिल्‍ली के समान)
• Prim means overly proper or formal. ((व्‍यक्ति) ऐसा शिष्‍टता प्रिय (व्‍यक्ति) जो दूसरों की अशिष्‍टता से तुरंत परेशान हो जाए; तकल्‍लुफ़-मिज़ाज, औपचारिक)
• Pricky means full of prickles or thorns. (चुभन या काँटों से भरा हुआ)

The correct answer is "Stubborn."

 Key Points

• "Adamant" means very sure; refusing to change your mind. (अपने मत पर अटल, दृढ़; अड़ियल)
• Example: She was adamant about becoming a dancer.
• The synonym of Adamant is Stubborn.
• "Stubborn" means having a determined, unyielding attitude or unwillingness to change one's mind or opinion. (दूसरों की बात न मानने वाला हठी, ज़िद्दी; अपनी (बातों, योजनाओं और फ़ैसलों) पर अड़ने वाला; अड़ियल)
• Example: She is too stubborn to apologize.
• The correct answer is Option 3.

 Additional Information

• Lax (Option 1) - careless or negligent. (उच्‍च मानकों से रहित; कठोर नहीं, शिथिल)
• Flexible (Option 2) - adaptable or pliable. (लचीला, लचकदार)
• Genuine (Option 4) - authentic or real. (वास्‍तविक; असली)

The correct answer is "has made."

 Key Points

• The sentence is in present perfect tense, indicating that the action started in the past and has continued up until the present.
• The correct form for present perfect tense is "has/have + past participle."
• "Has made" (singular verb) is the correct form for verb as it agrees with the subject 'Advancement' (singular subject).
• The correct answer is Option 2.

Correct sentence: Advancement in science and technology in many areas has made the lives of people more advanced than the ancient times.

 Additional Information

• Option 1) "was made" is in the past tense, which does not fit the context of the sentence. It also implies that the advancements were made at a specific point in time and do not continue to impact people's lives.
• Option 3) "is made" is in the present tense, which does not fit the context of the sentence. It also implies that the advancements are currently being made, rather than having already been made.
• Option 4) "have made" is in the present perfect tense, but it is not in the correct form for the third person singular subject "advancement in science and technology." It should be "has made" instead.

The correct answer is "Mischivious."

 Key Points

• The incorrectly spelt word is **"**Mischivious."
• The correct spelling of the word is "mischievous".
• The word means causing or showing a fondness for causing trouble in a playful way. ((प्रायः बच्‍चों के लिए प्रयुक्त) शरारती, नटखट)
• Example: She has a mischievous smile.
• The word is derived from the Middle English word "meschief", which means trouble or harm.
• The correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• Option 1 - Gaiety: This word means a state or quality of being lighthearted or cheerful. (ख़ुशी और मौज-मस्‍ती की भावना)
• Option 2 - Neigh: This word means the characteristic sound made by a horse. (घोड़े की हिनहिनाहट)
• Option 4 - Inoculate: This word means to give a vaccine or medicine to prevent disease. (मनुष्‍य या पशु को इंजेक्‍शन लगाकर उसका रोग से बचाव करना, बीमारी से बचाव के लिए मनुष्‍य या पशु को टीका लगाना)

The correct answer is "brake; break."

 Key Points

• The first blank needs a word which can be used for stopping the car.
• "Brake" refers the part of a vehicle that makes it go slower or stop. (वाहन की गति को मंद करने या रोकने वाला उपकरण; ब्रेक)
• Example: She put her foot on the brake and just managed to stop in time.
• The second blank needs a word which means to cause damage.
• "Break" refers to causing damage or separating something into pieces. (टूटना या तोड़ना)
• Example: She dropped the vase onto the floor and it broke.
• In the given sentence, hitting the brake in time will prevent the car's side mirror from breaking.
• The correct answer is Option 2.

Correct sentence: While teaching my son how to drive a car, I told him if he didn’t hit the brake in time he would break the car’s side mirror.

The correct answer is "have been affected."

 Key Points

• "Been" is the past participle of "be" and is used to form the passive voice in English.
• In this sentence, the passive voice is appropriate because the focus is on the people who have been affected by the pandemic, rather than on the pandemic itself.
• "Affected" is the correct verb to use in this context because it means to have an impact on something or someone, while "effected" means to bring about a change or accomplish something.
• The use of "have" as the auxiliary verb is also correct because it indicates that the action (being affected) is ongoing or continuing.
• The correct answer is Option 2.

Correct sentence: Many people across the globe have been affected by the pandemic.

The correct answer is "Engaging in rebelliousness or promiscuity."

 Key Points

• The idiom "sow wild oats" means to engage in reckless and irresponsible behavior, especially in terms of sexual promiscuity. (लापरवाह और गैर-जिम्मेदाराना व्यवहार में शामिल होना, खासकर यौन स्वच्छंदता के मामले में)
• Example: Paul asked his father if he had sowed his wild oats before getting married.
• The phrase originates from the idea of sowing wild oats as a metaphor for sowing one's wild and youthful energy before settling down.
• This idiom is often used to describe young men who engage in promiscuous behavior before they are ready to commit to a serious relationship.
• The correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is "The water cycle is a circular process."

 Key Points

• The word 'circular' is correctly spelt with the letter 'c' after 'r' and before 'u.'
• The word 'process' is correctly spelt with the letter 'c' after 'o' and two 's' after 'e.'
• The sentence is grammatically correct with proper subject-verb agreement and punctuation.
• The correct answer is Option 1.

 Additional Information

• Option 2 has misspelled the word 'circular' with 'circuler'.
• Option 3 has misspelled the word 'circular' with 'circqlar'.
• Option 4 has misspelled the word 'process' with 'proces'.

The correct answer is "Usual."

 Key Points

• "Rare" means something that is not common or occurs infrequently. (दुर्लभ, विरल (बहुत कम किया जाने, दीखने या होने वाला))
• Example: This is a rare breed of dogs.
• The antonym of "rare" is "usual.'
• "Usual" means something that is common or occurs frequently. (बहुधा होने या प्रयोग में आने वाला, हमेशा वाला)
• Example: It’s usual for her to work at weekends.
• The correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• Option 2 (Careless) means not giving enough attention or thought to something. (असावधान, लापरवाह)
• Option 3 (Discreet) means being careful and cautious in one's speech or actions. (सावधान, सतर्क (कि दूसरे को परेशानी न हो))
• Option 4 (Unique) means being one of a kind or having no equal. (जिसके समान दूसरा नहीं, अनन्‍य, अद्वितीय, बेजोड़; अपनी तरह का अकेला, एकल)

The correct answer is "Deplete."

 Key Points

• "Propagate" means to spread or promote an idea, theory, or belief. (मूल पौधे से नए पौधे उत्‍पन्‍न करना)
• Example: How are sound waves propagated?
• Therefore, the antonym of propagate would be deplete.
• "Deplete" means to reduce or exhaust the quantity or resources of something. (किसी वस्‍तु की मात्रा को घटाना (कि वह बहुत कम बचे), किसी वस्‍तु को निःशेष करना, अपक्षय करना, क्षरण करना)
• Example: We are depleting the world’s natural resources.
• The correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

• Disseminate (Option 1) means to spread information widely. ((सूचना, ज्ञान आदि का) व्यापक प्रसार करना, वितरण करना, फैलाना, प्रचार करना)
• Spread (Option 2) means to extend over an area or to distribute something over a surface. ((किसी वस्‍तु का) बड़े भूक्षेत्र या लोगों की बड़ी संख्‍या में फैलना या (उसे) फैलाना)
• Communicate (Option 3) means to convey or exchange information or ideas. (सूचनाओं, विचारों और भावनाओं का आदान-प्रदान या संचार करना)

The correct answer is "alarming report."

 Key Points

• "Alarm" is a noun that means a sudden fear or distress caused by danger or threat. (एकाएक उत्‍पन्‍न डर या चिंता; घबराहट)
• "Alarming" is an adjective that means causing alarm or fear. (चिंताजनक, भयप्रद)
• In the sentence, we need an adjective to describe the type of report, not a noun to describe the citizens' reaction.
• "Alarming report" correctly conveys that the report itself caused fear.
• The correct answer is Option 1.

Correct sentence: The alarming report of the earthquake scared every citizen of the country.

Additional Information

• Option 2, "alarmed report," does not make grammatical sense because "alarmed" is an adjective that describes a person who is feeling fear or distress, not a report.
• Option 3, "reporting alarm," changes the sentence structure and meaning by suggesting that the earthquake is currently happening and being reported on, rather than that a report about the earthquake caused fear.
• Option 4, "alarm reporting," is a gerund phrase that also changes the sentence structure and does not make sense in context.

The correct answer is "assumed."

Key Points

• "Assumed" means to take for granted without proof or to suppose to be true. (प्रमाण न होते हुए भी किसी बात को सत्‍य मान लेना; किसी बात के सत्‍य होने की आशा या अपेक्षा करना)
• Example: I assumed that you had the necessary documents.
• Grammatically, it is the most appropriate option to fill the blank as it fits the context of the sentence.
• The correct answer is Option 3.
• Correct passage:

Humans have assumed that animals do not have a life and maybe exploited in any way they see fit, but this ______ (2) ______ is incorrect and must be altered before it is too late. We fail to recognise that the pain we ______ (3) ______ on animals will come back to haunt us, and no matter how ______ (4) ______ the discovery we make by causing harm to animals, it will be futile. It can never ______ (5) ______ the human actions.​

Additional Information

• Option 1, "assigned", means to give a particular task or duty to someone. (विशेष उद्देश्‍य से कुछ देना)
• Option 2, "claimed", means to assert or demand as a right. (बिना प्रमाण प्रस्‍तुत किए सत्‍यता का दावा करना)
• Option 4, "pretended", means to behave in a way that is not genuine or to feign. (प्रदर्शन, ढोंग या दिखावा करना)

The correct answer is "perspective."

 Key Points

• "Perspective" means a particular point of view or way of looking at something. (समस्‍या को जानने और निर्णय लेने का सही दृष्टिकोण; परिप्रेक्ष्‍य)
• Example: Hearing about others’ experiences often helps to put your own problems into perspective.
• In this context, the blank requires a word that can be used to describe a way of thinking or looking at something.
• The correct answer is Option 1.
• Correct passage:

Humans have assumed that animals do not have a life and maybe exploited in any way they see fit, but this perspective is incorrect and must be altered before it is too late. We fail to recognise that the pain we ______ (3) ______ on animals will come back to haunt us, and no matter how ______ (4) ______ the discovery we make by causing harm to animals, it will be futile. It can never ______ (5) ______ the human actions.

 Additional Information

• "Fact" refers to something that is known to be true based on evidence or experience. (तथ्‍य, सचाई)
• "Data" refers to information, especially numerical information, that can be analyzed and used to make decisions. ((तकनीकी अंग्रेज़ी में बहुवचन संज्ञा के रूप में प्रयुक्त जबकि एकवचन रूप datum है) तथ्‍य समूह या सूचना-संग्रह, डाटा)
• "Superstition" refers to beliefs or practices that are not based on evidence or reason and are often based on tradition or cultural beliefs. (अंधविश्‍वास)

The correct answer is "inflict."

 Key Points

• "Inflict" means to cause something unpleasant or harmful to be suffered by someone or something. (किसी को अप्रिय या अनचाही बात मानने के लिए विवश करना, ज़बरदस्‍ती लादना)
• Example: Don’t inflict your problems on me—I’ve got enough of my own.
• The verb form of "inflict" is used with an object, as in "He inflicted a lot of pain on his opponent."
• "Inflict" is often used in the context of punishment or harm being caused intentionally.
• The correct answer is Option 4.
• Correct passage:

Humans have assumed that animals do not have a life and maybe exploited in any way they see fit, but this perspective is incorrect and must be altered before it is too late. We fail to recognise that the pain we inflict on animals will come back to haunt us, and no matter how ______ (4) ______ the discovery we make by causing harm to animals, it will be futile. It can never ______ (5) ______ the human actions.

 Additional Information

• "Convict" means to find someone guilty of a crime. (न्‍यायालय द्वारा अपराधी या दोषी ठहराया जाना)
• "Afflict" means to cause pain or suffering to someone or something. (दुख देना, सताना, पीड़ित करना)
• "Conflict" means a disagreement or clash between two or more people or things. (किसी अन्‍य से असहमत या भिन्‍न होना; प्रतिकूल या विरोधी होना, मेल न खाना)

The correct answer is "significant."

 Key Points

• "Significant" means important, noteworthy, or having a strong impact. (महत्वपूर्ण, काफ़ी बड़ा (इतना कि दीख जाए))
• Example: The new data revealed a significant increase in sales.
• It is the most appropriate option to fill in the blank, as the other options do not make sense in the context of the sentence.
• Grammatically, "significant" is an adjective that can be used to modify a noun or pronoun.
• The correct answer is option 4.
• Correct passage:

Humans have assumed that animals do not have a life and maybe exploited in any way they see fit, but this perspective is incorrect and must be altered before it is too late. We fail to recognise that the pain we inflict on animals will come back to haunt us, and no matter how significant the discovery we make by causing harm to animals, it will be futile. It can never ______ (5) ______ the human actions.

 Additional Information

• Option 1, "bad," is an adjective that means unpleasant or undesirable. (बुरा, ख़राब, अप्रिय)
• Option 2, "limited," is an adjective that means restricted or confined. (संख्‍या, मात्रा आदि की दृष्टि से कम या नियंत्रित, सीमित)
• Option 3, "painful," is an adjective that means causing physical or emotional discomfort. (दर्द या पीड़ा उत्‍पन्‍न करने वाला; पीड़ादायी)

The correct answer is "justify."

 Key Points

• "Justify" means to provide a reason or explanation for something. (किसी बात के औचित्‍य का निरूपण करना, सफ़ाई देना)
• Example: Can you justify your decision?
• In this context, the blank is asking for the most appropriate option to fill in the fifth spot.
• By choosing option 2, we are saying that the best choice is to "justify" the answer rather than any of the other options.
• The correct answer is option 2.
• Correct passage:

Humans have assumed that animals do not have a life and maybe exploited in any way they see fit, but this perspective is incorrect and must be altered before it is too late. We fail to recognise that the pain we inflict on animals will come back to haunt us, and no matter how significant the discovery we make by causing harm to animals, it will be futile. It can never justify the human actions.

 Additional Information

• Option 1, "specify," means to identify or describe something in detail. (स्‍पष्‍टता या विस्‍तार से कुछ कहना या किसी का उल्‍लेख करना)
• Option 3, "nullify," means to make something invalid or ineffective. (आधिकारिक रूप से किसी समझौता, आदेश आदि को क़ानूनी रूप से निष्प्रभावी घोषित करना; रद्द करना; निरस्त करना)
• Option 4, "classify," means to categorize or organize something according to certain criteria. (समान प्रकार की वस्‍तुओं या व्‍यक्तियों को एक वर्ग में रखना; वर्गीकृत करना)

'मुझे भारी दुःख हुआ।' वाक्य के खंड मे त्रुटि है- भारी अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• त्रुटिपूर्ण वाक्य- मुझे भारी दुःख हुआ। -
• दिए गये वाक्य में 'शब्द-अर्थ प्रयोग' की त्रुटि है।
• यहाँ 'भारी' सार्थक शब्द नही है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नही हो रहा।
• अत: सार्थक शब्द 'बहुत' होना चाहिए।
• त्रुटिरहित वाक्य- मुझे बहुत दुःख हुआ।
• 'बहुत' का अर्थ- जो गिनती में सामान्य से अधिक हो, अधिक, ज़्यादा।
• 'भारी' का अर्थ- जिसका वज़न बहुत ज़्यादा हो।

Additional Informationशब्द-अर्थ प्रयोग की अशुद्धि:-

'सोहन ने घर का सारा काम किया है।' वाक्य की पूर्ति उचित कर्ताकारक चिह्न है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• वाक्य- सोहन ने घर का सारा काम किया है।

Important Points

Additional Information

'फूल किसे नहीं भाते हैं!' वाक्य में रेखांकित शब्द के उचित पर्यायवाची शब्द है- कुसुम अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• वाक्य- फूल किसे नहीं भाते हैं।
• वाक्य में 'फूल' का सही पर्यायवाची शब्द 'कुसुम' होगा।
• ‘फूल’ के सभी पर्यायवाची शब्द- कुसुम, सुमन, पुष्प, मंजरी, प्रसून।

Important Points कुछ महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द:-

Additional Information कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द:-

अनेकार्थी शब्द है- पोत अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• 'पोत' का अनेकार्थी शब्द- नाव, बच्चा, दाव, जहाज।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information कुछ प्रमुख अनेकार्थी शब्द:-

“अक्षदा उपवन में टहलने गई थी।” वाक्य को संदिग्ध वर्तमान काल का प्रयोग हुआ है- अक्षदा उपवन में टहलने गई होगी। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• वाक्य- अक्षदा उपवन में टहलने गई थी।
• दिया गया वाक्य पूर्ण भूतकाल में है,
• इस वाक्य का संदिग्ध वर्तमान काल में रूपांतरण है- अक्षदा उपवन में टहलने गई होगी।

अन्य विकल्प-

Important Points 

Additional Information 

'आयु में बड़ा व्यक्ति' वाक्यांश के लिए उपयुक्त सार्थक शब्द होगा- ज्येष्ठ अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।​

Key Points 

• आयु में बड़ा व्यक्ति - ज्येष्ठ

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information कुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द:-