SSC GD Constable (2022) Official Paper (Held On : 31 Jan 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

Given :

Statement given : N & P – Q + T × R

So,

• N & P → N is the wife of P.

• P – Q → P is the father of Q.

• Q + T → Q is the mother of T.

• T × R → T is the brother of R.

​

Thus, according to the final family tree N is the maternal grandmother i.e mother's mother of R.

Hence, "Mother’s mother" is the correct answer.

According to given figure:

The figure will appear when it is opened as follows:

Hence, "Option - (1)" is the correct answer.

Logic : ​

1. First letter → (1) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.
2. Second letter → (2) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.
3. Third letter → (3) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.
4. Fourth letter → (4) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.

So, 

​Hence, "RHVC" is the correct answer.

Logic : Term : Category or type of the term

So,

• Green is a specific type or category of the general term colour.

Similarly,

• Triangle is a specific type or category of the general term figure.

Hence, "Triangle" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

1. Angle → It is a part of the figure.
2. Diagonal → It is a part of the figure.
3. Triangle → It is a type of the figure.
4. Point → It is a part of the figure.

Logic : 

1. First three letters ⇒ (1) is added to the position value according to the English alphabetic series diagonally .
2. Last three letter ⇒ (2) is added to the position value according to the English alphabetic series diagonally.

So, 

• ‘AROUND’ is written as ‘PSBFPW’

​

​And,

• 'ARTIST' is written as 'USBVUK'

​

​Similarly,

• ‘AUTHOR’ is written as:

​ 

​Hence, "UVBTQJ" is the correct answer.

The figure that comes in place of the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1. For the  '

':

• Moving diagonally across each box in turn.

​

2. For the  '

':

• Moved in sequential order i.e. downwards and then later upwards.

3. For the '

' :

• Moved in sequential order i.e. downwards and then later upwards.
• After reaching the top, the term is replaced by another term i.e.

4. For the  '

' :

• Moved in sequential order i.e. downwards and then later upwards.
• After reaching the top, the term is replaced by another term i.e.

The last series is:

Hence, 'Option – (3)' completes the pattern.

Logic : Each number is multiplied by (7) then (2) is added subsequently.

So,

Hence, "3201" is the correct answer.

Given statement : 87 × 24 ÷ 12 – 16 + 14 = 176 

According to the question, after interchanging the signs:

So,

• Option - (1) : − and +​

Given statement : 87 × 24 ÷ 12 – 16 + 14 = 176 

After interchanging

87 × 24 ÷ 12 + 16 - 14 = 176

87 × 2 + 16 - 14 = 176

174 + 16 - 14 = 176

190 - 14 = 176

176 = 176 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (2) : × and +

Given statement : 87 × 24 ÷ 12 – 16 + 14 = 176 

After interchanging:

87 + 24 ÷ 12 – 16 × 14 = 176

87 + 2 – 16 × 14 = 176

87 + 2 - 224 = 176

89 - 224 = 176

-135 ≠ 176 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : ÷ and +

Given statement : 87 × 24 ÷ 12 – 16 + 14 = 176 

After interchanging:

87 × 24 + 12 – 16 ÷ 14 = 176

87 × 24 + 12 – 1.14 = 176

2088 + 12 - 1.14 = 176

2100 - 1.14 = 176

2098.86 ≠ 176 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : × and ÷

Given statement : 87 × 24 ÷ 12 – 16 + 14 = 176 

After interchanging:

87 ÷ 24 × 12 – 16 + 14 = 176

3.625 × 12 – 16 + 14 = 176

43.5 + 14 - 16 = 176

57.5 - 16 = 176

41.5 ≠ 176 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (1)" is the correct answer.

Given : Six students Lucy, Lorraine, Simran, Dolly, Vikas and Frances are sitting around a circular table facing the centre.

Explanation : 

1) Lucy is sitting second to the left of Frances.

2. Lorraine is sitting second to the left of Lucy.

3) Vikas is sitting to the immediate right of Lorraine.

4) Simran is sitting second to the left of Vikas.

5. Dolly is an immediate neighbour to Lucy.

Thus, according to the final arrangement Simran is sitting between Frances and Lorraine.

Hence, "Simran" is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given figure when mirror is placed at MN is as shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (4)".

Logic : (1^st number + 9) = Cube of 2^nd number

So,

• 18 ∶ 3

18 + 9 = $(3)^3$

27 = 27 (LHS = RHS)

And, 

• 55 ∶ 4

55 + 9 = $(4)^3$

64 = 64 (LHS = RHS)

Similarly, 

• 334 ∶ ?

334 + 9 = $(?)^3$

${\sqrt{343} }$ = ?

? = 7

Hence, "7" is the correct answer.

Logic :

1. First letter ⇒ (1) is added to the position value according to the English alphabetic series.
2. Second and third letters ⇒ Sum of the position value according to the English alphabetic series is written.
3. Last letter ⇒ (1) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.

So,

• ‘SHIP’ is written as ‘T17O’

​

​And,

• 'KITE' is written as 'L29D'

​

​Similarly,

• ‘HOPE’ is written as:

​

​Hence, "I31D" is the correct answer.

Logic : Sum of the two consecutive numbers is equal to immediate next term in the series.

So,

Hence, "11, 18" is the correct answer.

According to the sequence in the dictionary:

3 gamble

2 garbage

4 garnish

5 gastronomy

1 gather

Hence, the correct option is "3, 2, 4, 5, 1".

Given:

• The image must not to be rotated

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (2)".

Given statement : 320 × 8 - 216 + 72 ÷ 5 = 184 

According to the question, after interchanging the signs:

So,

• Option - (1) : + and ×​

Given statement : 320 × 8 - 216 + 72 ÷ 5 = 184 

After interchanging

320 + 8 - 216 × 72 ÷ 5 = 184

320 + 8 - 216 × 14.4 = 184

320 + 8 - 3110.4 = 184

328 - 3110.4 = 184

-2782.4 ≠ 184 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : - and ÷

Given statement : 320 × 8 - 216 + 72 ÷ 5 = 184 

After interchanging:

320 × 8 ÷ 216 + 72 - 5 = 184

320 × 0.37 + 72 - 5 = 184

118.4 + 72 - 5 = 184

190.4 - 5 = 184

-185.4 ≠ 184 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : ÷ and +

Given statement : 320 × 8 - 216 + 72 ÷ 5 = 184 

After interchanging:

320 × 8 - 216 ÷ 72 + 5 = 184

320 × 8 - 3 = 184

2560 - 3 = 184

2554 ≠ 184 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : × and ÷

Given statement : 320 × 8 - 216 + 72 ÷ 5 = 184 

After interchanging:

320 ÷ 8 - 216 + 72 × 5 = 184

40 - 216 + 72 × 5 = 184

40 + 360 - 216 = 184

400 - 216 = 184

184 = 184 (LHS = RHS)

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

Logic : ​

1. First and second letters → (2) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.
2. Third and fourth letters → (6) is added in the position value according to the English alphabetic series.

So, 

​Hence, "ELTH" is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. All pens are scales → Follow (As, all pens are erasers and all erasers are scales. So, as whole pens comes in erasers which whole comes in scales, therefore it is definitely true.)

II. All erasers are pencils → Does not follow (As, all pencils are erasers. So, it is possible but not definitely true.)

III. Some erasers are pens → Follow (As, all pens are erasers. So, as whole pens comes in erasers therefore it is definitely true.)

So, Only conclusions I and III follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusions I and III follow".

Logic : Term : Antonyms

• Success is antonym of failure.

Similarly,

• Probably is antonym of definitely.

Hence, "Definitely" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

1. Urgently → It is antonym of minor, trivial, inessential etc.
2. Definitely → It is antonym of questionably, probably, dubious etc.
3. Perhaps → It is antonym of improbable, certainly, unlikely etc.
4. Promptly → It is antonym of slowly, late, tardily etc.

Given : Six people P, Q, R, S, T, and U are sitting on a wall facing the South.

Explanation : 

1) Only Q is sitting between P and S.

2) Q is to the immediate right of P.

As position of Q is not known yet therefore are four possible positions for Q.

• Case - (1) :

• Case - (2) :

• Case - (3) :

• Case - (4) :

3) Only U is between T and R.

4) U is the immediate left of R.

5. T is sitting to the right of S.

As in case - 1 there is no possible position for T therefore it is eliminated.

As in case - 2 there is no possible position for T and U according to the given condition therefore it is eliminated.

As in case - 3 there is no possible position for T, U and R according to the given condition therefore it is eliminated.

• Case - (4) :

Thus, according to the final arrangement T is sitting to the immediate right of S.

Hence, "T" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Phangnon Konyak.

Key Points

• Phangnon Konyak is elected as the first woman member of Rajya Sabha in India from Nagaland in April 2022.
• She is a member of the Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP) and was elected unopposed to the Rajya Sabha.
• Miriam Rengma is not the correct answer as she is not a member of the Rajya Sabha.
• Jesmina Zeliang is also not the correct answer as she is not the first woman member of Rajya Sabha from Nagaland.
• Priyanka Gandhi is not the correct answer as she is not a member of Rajya Sabha from Nagaland.

 

Additional Information

• Phangnon Konyak is a prominent political figure in Nagaland and has been associated with the NDPP since its inception in 2018.
• Miriam Rengma is a social activist from Nagaland and has been working for the welfare of women and children in the state.
• Jesmina Zeliang is a former member of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly and has been associated with the Naga People's Front (NPF).
• Priyanka Gandhi is a member of the Indian National Congress and is currently serving as the General Secretary of the party. However, she is not a member of Rajya Sabha from Nagaland.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1 - Phangnon Konyak.

Solution:

Chhath Puja is an ancient Hindu festival dedicated to Surya Dev, the Sun God.

The festival is celebrated mainly by people from Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh.

Chhath Puja is also known as Dala Chhath and Surya Shashthi.

During the festival, devotees offer prayers to Surya Dev to thank him for sustaining life on earth.

Option 1: Shiva is not the God dedicated to Chhath Puja. However, Shiva is a prominent Hindu deity and is worshipped in many other festivals.

Option 3: Krishna is not the God dedicated to Chhath Puja. However, he is a popular deity in Hinduism and is worshipped in many other festivals.

Option 4: Rama is not the God dedicated to Chhath Puja. However, he is a revered Hindu deity and is worshipped in many other festivals.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2, Surya Dev.

The correct answer is 1966.

• The Green Revolution started in the late 1960s in Punjab.

Key Points

• Scientist M.S. Swaminathan is the father of the Green Revolution.
• The movement lasted till 1978 and saw great success.
• India is mainly based on agriculture but during the time of British rule, the country saw many famines.
• Thus to boost agriculture and to make the country food sufficient this movement was started.
• High-yielding variety (HYV) seeds were introduced in agriculture.
• It was combined with better and more efficient irrigation methods and the use of fertilizers and tractors.
• The use of high-yielding variety seeds was first used for the irrigation of wheat.
• The aim was to produce rust-resistant varieties of wheat and make the country self-sufficient in it.
• This was a great success as the production of wheat rose to 55 million tonnes in 1990 which was just 11 million tonnes in 1960.

The correct answer is 104^th Amendment Act, 2020.

Key Points

• 104^th Amendment Act, 2020
• It extends reservation for ten years for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes to Lok Sabha and State Assemblies.
• It also removed the reserved seats for the Anglo-Indian community in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies.

Additional Information

• 105^th Amendment Act, 2021
• It restores the power of State Governments to identify and specify Socially and Economically Backward Classes (SEBCs).
• 103^rd Amendment Act, 2019
• It introduces 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of society for admission to Central Government-run educational institutions and private educational institutions (except for minority educational institutions), and for employment in Central Government jobs.
• 102^nd Amendment Act, 2018
• It inserted articles 338B, which deals with the structure, duties and powers of the National Commission for Backward Classes, and 342A that deals with the powers of the president to notify a particular caste as an SEBC and the power of Parliament to change the list.
• 106^th Amendment Act, 2023
• The Constitution (106^th Amendment) Act 2023 has recently got the President’s Assent. This Act provides for one-third of total seats in the House of the People, the Legislative Assembly of every State and the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi to be reserved for women for 15 years.

The correct answer is low income.

Key Points

• Microfinance:
• Microfinance institution provides financial services to low - income individuals.
• Microfinance is a basis of financial services for entrepreneurs and small businesses deficient in contact with banking and associated services.
• The two key systems for the release of financial services to such customers include ‘relationship-based banking’ for individual entrepreneurs and small businesses along with ‘group-based models’  where several entrepreneurs come together to apply for loans and other services as a group.
• Similar to banking operation traditions, microfinance entities are supposed to charge their lender’s interest on loans.
• In most cases the so-called interest rates are lower than those charged by normal banks, certain rivals of this concept accuse microfinance entities of creating gain by manipulating the poor people’s money.
• This includes both the consumers and the self-employed.
• Microfinance apart from microcredit, the provision of small loans to poor clients also covers many other services.
• Micro Finance covers a wide range of services like credit facilities, saving facilities, insurance facilities, remittance, Short duration loans, Fund Transfer and also non-financial services like training, counseling, etc.
• Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in India exist as NGOs (registered as societies or trusts), Section 25 companies and Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).

The correct answer is Swaran Singh Committee.

Key Points

• The Swaran Singh Committee is related to the Fundamental Duties in India.
• On the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee, 11 Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian Constitution.
• Article 51A deals with the Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution.
• The Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution were added by the 42^nd Constitutional Amendment Act 1976.

 

Additional Information

• The Fundamental Duties are set out in Part IVA of the Constitution of India.
• The Fundamental Duties are statutory duties and are not enforceable by law.
• The Constitution of India adopted the Fundamental Duties from the Constitution of Russia (former USSR).
• The Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee of 1975.
• The Fundamental Duties were added in the year 1976.

The correct answer is Profit.

Key Points

• The primary motive of a private sector entity is to earn profit.
• Profit is the main driving force for private sector entities as they are owned by individuals or groups who invest their own money in the business and expect to earn a return on their investment.
• Private sector entities operate in a competitive market where they have to keep their costs low and offer goods and services at a price that customers are willing to pay.
• This is essential for making profits and staying in business.
• Private sector entities also contribute to the economy by creating jobs, paying taxes, and promoting innovation.
• Public welfare, promoting government policies, and charity are not the primary motives of private sector entities, although they may engage in these activities as part of their corporate social responsibility initiatives.

Additional Information

• Public welfare refers to activities that benefit society as a whole, such as providing education, healthcare, or other public services. While private sector entities may contribute to public welfare through their business activities or philanthropy, it is not their primary motive.
• Promoting government policies refers to supporting or implementing policies that are in line with the government's objectives. Private sector entities may lobby for policies that benefit their business interests, but this is not their primary motive.
• Charity refers to giving money or resources to support a cause or organization. While private sector entities may engage in charitable activities, such as donating to a non-profit or sponsoring a community event, it is not their primary motive.

The correct answer is Manoj Sinha.

Key Points

• Manoj Sinha is an Indian politician and is the current Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir.
• He served as the Minister of State for Railways and Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Communications in the Government of India.
• Mr. Sinha represented Ghazipur for three terms from the Bharatiya Janata Party and he was elected as Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha.
• Shri Sinha took over as the Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir on August 7, 2020, after the resignation of Shri Girish Chandra Murmu.
• Prior to this appointment, Shri Sinha had served as the Minister of State for Railways and Minister of State for Communications in the Government of India.
• Shri Praful Patel is a former Union Minister and Member of Parliament from Maharashtra.
• Shri Girish Chandra Murmu, was the first Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir after it became a Union Territory in 2019. He resigned from the position in August 2020 and was succeeded by Shri Manoj Sinha.

Additional Information 

• In the constitution of India, a Lieutenant Governor is the constitutional head of five of the eight union territories. The L-G is appointed by the President of India for a term of five years and holds office at the President's pleasure.
• The President of India shall appoint the Lieutenant Governor under Article 239 of the Indian Constitution.
• The Lieutenant Governor will be assisted by advisors appointed by the Centre since the Union Territory will not have a Legislative Assembly.
• The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Lieutenant Governor who will also appoint other ministers with the aid of the CM.
• The Lieutenant Governor will have the power to promulgate ordinances that shall have the same force and effect as an act of the Legislative Assembly assented by the LG.
• Since the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, Puducherry, and Delhi have a measure of self-government with an elected legislature and council of ministers, the role of the lieutenant governor there is mostly a ceremonial one, akin to that of a state's governor.
• In Ladakh and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, however, the lieutenant governor holds more power, being both the head of state and head of government.
• The other three union territories Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Chandigarh, and Lakshadweep are governed by an administrator.

The correct answer is Lavani.

Key Points

• Lavani is a folk dance form that primarily originates from Maharashtra and is not associated with Punjab.
• Luddi is a popular folk dance form of Punjab that is performed by men and women during weddings and other celebrations.
• Giddha is a traditional folk dance form of Punjab that is primarily performed by women and involves singing and dancing in a circle.
• Bhangra is another popular folk dance form of Punjab that is primarily performed by men and involves energetic and rhythmic movements.

Additional Information

• Lavani is a folk dance form that is primarily associated with the state of Maharashtra and is performed to the beats of a dholki and a tasha.
• Luddi is a popular folk dance form of Punjab that is performed by men and women during weddings and other celebrations and involves a lot of jumping and spinning movements.
• Giddha is a traditional folk dance form of Punjab that is primarily performed by women and involves singing and dancing in a circle, with the accompaniment of a dholki and a tumbi.
• Bhangra is another popular folk dance form of Punjab that is primarily performed by men and involves energetic and rhythmic movements, with the accompaniment of a dhol and a tumbi.

The correct answer is Both I and II.

Key Points

• The waste we generate is both biodegradable and non-biodegradable.

Biodegradable waste:

• This type of waste can be broken down by natural processes like bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
• Examples of biodegradable waste include food waste, paper, and yard waste.
• When biodegradable waste is disposed of in landfills, it produces methane gas which is harmful to the environment.

Non-biodegradable waste:

• This type of waste cannot be broken down by natural processes and remains in the environment for a long time.
• Examples of non-biodegradable waste include plastic, glass, and metal.
• When non-biodegradable waste is disposed of improperly, it can cause pollution and harm to wildlife.

The correct answer is Kelucharan Mohapatra.

Key Points

• Kelucharan Mohapatra was conferred a Doctorate by the Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya in 1981.
• He was a renowned Indian classical dancer and choreographer, known for his contribution to the Odissi dance form.
• Pandit Birju Maharaj, another famous Indian classical dancer, has been conferred with several awards and honors but not a Doctorate by the Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya in 1981.
• M. R Krishnamurthy is not a well-known name in the field of Indian classical dance and hence is an unlikely option for the correct answer.
• Amala Akkineni, an Indian film actress, has no known association with the Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya or Indian classical dance.

Additional Information

• Pandit Birju Maharaj has been conferred with the Padma Vibhushan, Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, and Kalidas Samman, among others, for his contribution to the field of Indian classical dance.
• M. R Krishnamurthy is a well-known Indian classical vocalist and has been conferred with the Padma Shri and Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for his contribution to Indian classical music.
• Amala Akkineni is a trained Bharatanatyam dancer and has performed in a few dance productions but is primarily known for her work in Indian cinema.

The correct answer is both (i) and (ii).

Key Points

• Article 153 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Governor of states which comes under part VI of the constitution.
• The governor is nothing but a chief executive head of the state.
• He is also known as the nominal head of the given state.
• Under the 7^th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1956, the Governor can be appointed for two or more states.
• He is known for being appointed by the President of India by warrant under his hand and seal.
• The role of the Governor is an independent constitutional office, and it is not under the control of the union government.
• Under Article 157 of the constitution, the Governor can have only two qualifications. They are:
• He must be a citizen of our country.
• He must have completed 35 years of age.
• To appoint a person as a Governor the President has to consult the Chief Minister of the required state.

Additional Information

• The salary of the Governor is being fixed by the Parliament.
• In the year 2018, the salary of the Governor was increased from 1.10 lakh rupees to 3.50 lakh rupees per month by the Parliament.
• The term of the governor's office is normally five years but it can be terminated earlier by Dismissal by the president at whose pleasure the governor holds office. Dismissal of governors without valid reason is not permitted.
• He can resign from the office by writing the resignation letter to the President.
• He was even removed by the President at any time.
• He is assigned with the following powers and functions in the given state. They are:
• Executive Powers
• Legislative Powers
• Judicial Powers
• Financial Powers

The correct answer is the lithosphere.

Key Points

• The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth.
• It is an irregular surface with various landforms such as mountains, plateaus, deserts, plains, valleys, etc.
• It includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust.
• It is bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere below.

Additional Information

• The mesosphere is the 3^rd layer of Earth's atmosphere.
• It extends from about 50 to 85 km above our planet.
• The mesosphere burns up most meteors and asteroids before they are able to reach the earth's surface.
• The stratosphere is the 2^nd layer of Earth's atmosphere.
• It extends around 6 to 20 km above the Earth's surface.
• This is where you'll find the very important ozone layer which helps protect us from ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun.
• The asthenosphere is the mechanically weak and ductile region of the upper mantle of Earth.
• It lies below the lithosphere, between approximately 80 and 200 km below the surface, and extends as deep as 700 km.
• It enables the tectonic plates to move because the material under them can flow.

The correct answer is 1984.

Key Points

• Sports Authority of India (SAI)
• Sports Authority of India (SAI) is a registered society set up by the Govt. of India in Jan. 1984.
• Govt. of India established the Sports Authority of India for the promotion of sports, exploration of sports talent at young age and nutrition, organizing sports competitions, providing facilities, utilising stadiums and maintaining them inappropriate conditions.
• The Sports Authority of India is the Sports Body of India under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
• It was established in 1984.
• Its headquarters is in New Delhi.
• Hon'ble Prime Minister of India is now the Ex-officio President of SAI.
• The Union Minister for Human Resource Development is the Ex-officio Vice President of the SAI and Chairman of its Governing Body.
• Whereas the Minister of State for Youth Affairs and sports is the Vice-Chairperson of the Governing body of SAI.

Important Points

• ​The word authority is being removed. It is now known as Sports India now.

The correct answer is Samudragupta.

Key Points 

• Prayag Prashasti was an article composed by Harisena, the court poet of Emperor Samudragupta of the Gupta dynasty.
• This inscription was engraved on the Ashoka pillar brought from Kaushambi by Samudragupta in 200 AD.
• It describes the kingdoms that fought with Samudragupta and were defeated and subordinated to him.
• Apart from this, Samudragupta had also inscribed Eran Prashasti, Gaya Copper Rule articles, etc., at different places.
• According to this prashasti, Samudragupta had expanded his empire well.

Additional Information 

• The inscriptions of Prayagraj show that Samudragupta started his conquest by defeating nine rulers of Aryavarta in northern India, which included Nagasena, Achyuta, Ganapati etc.
• Through these victories, Samudra Gupta established his power over Madhya Pradesh or the Ganges Yamuna Doab.
• He completely abolished these 9 rulers because it was not possible for him to move forward without completely defeating and eradicating the competing states of the central region.

The main aim of the Green Revolution was to increase the production of a high-yielding variety of food crops.

Key Points

• The Green Revolution was started in India in 1965-68.
• The Green Revolution is referred to as a period when Indian agriculture was converted into an industrial system due to the adoption of modern methods and technologies.
• Indian agriculture made a transition from old and manual methods and new, innovative and technological methods.
• It included the use of products like High-Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers which were either not used or used on a very limited scale.
• The Indian Green Revolution was the brainchild of M.S. Swaminathan.
• M.S. Swaminathan is known as the Father of the Green Revolution in India.
• This revolution led to an increase in food grain production especially in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesd.

Additional Information Frist Green Revolution In India

• The Green Revolution started in the year 1965.
• It was the first time when High Yield Variety seeds were introduced in Indian Agriculture.
• The main aim of the Green Revolution was to make India self-sufficient when it came to food grains.
• This revolution increased production by 500% in North Indian states like Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana.

Various Important Agricultural Revolutions

The correct answer is December 1931.

Key Points

• The Second Round Table Conference was held in London from 7 September 1931 to 1 December 1931.
• Mahatma Gandhi represented the Indian National Congress and Sarojini Naidu represented Indian women in the second round table conferences.
• Some important participants of the Second Round table conference:
• Indian National Congress (INC) – Mahatma Gandhi, Rangaswami Iyengar, Madan Mohan Malaviya
• Muslims League – Md. Ali Jinnah, Aga Khan III, Muhammad Iqbal
• Hindus – M R Jayakar
• Depressed classes – Dr. B R Ambedkar
• The Second Round Table Conference was one of the results of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
• The British decided to grant a communal award for representing minorities in India by providing separate electorates for minority communities and Gandhiji was against this.

Additional Information

• The First Round Table Conference was conducted from 12 November 1930 to 19 January 1931 in London.
• The Third Round Table Conference took place between 17 November 1932 and 24 December 1932 in London.

The correct answer is emulsion.

Key Points

• The emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible liquids, where one liquid is dispersed in the other in the form of small droplets.
• Milk and face cream are examples of emulsions because they are made by mixing oil and water together with the help of an emulsifying agent.
• Emulsions can be either oil-in-water (o/w) or water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions, depending on which liquid is dispersed in the other.
• Emulsifying agents are substances that help stabilize emulsions by reducing the surface tension between the two liquids.​

Additional Information

• Important Types Of Colloidal Solution.

The correct answer is cost of living.

Key Points

• Health infrastructure indicators refer to factors that measure the availability and accessibility of healthcare facilities and services in a particular region or country.
• indicators as they reflect the quality of healthcare and public health interventions in a given population.
• Cost of living, on the other hand, is not a health infrastr Maternal mortality, infant mortality, and life expectancy are all examples of health infrastructureucture indicator as it is a measure of the general economic conditions and living standards of a population, which may indirectly affect healthcare outcomes but is not a direct measure of healthcare infrastructure.
• Maternal mortality refers to the number of deaths of women due to pregnancy-related complications, while infant mortality refers to the number of deaths of infants before their first birthday. Both indicators are important measures of the quality of maternal and child healthcare services.
• Life expectancy is a measure of the average age to which people in a particular population are expected to live, and is influenced by a range of factors including healthcare, nutrition, and lifestyle. It is an important indicator of overall population health and well-being.

Additional Information

• Indicators that are used in the hospital system:
• Patient safety
• Patient's satisfaction
• Efficiency measures
• Equity measure
• Public relation
• Clinical processes
• Care coordination
• Quality of care
• Population and Public Health

The correct answer is 27 and 28 inches.

Key Points

Football:  

• It is also called association football or soccer.
• This game involves two teams of 11 players who try to maneuver the ball into the other team's goal without using their hands or arms.
• The team that scores more goals wins.
• Football is the world's most popular ball game in number of participants and spectators.
• Football is a game where we use our foot to kick, pass or dribble the ball for the full game except for the goalkeeper (who can use their full body).

 Additional Information

Ball:

• According to law 2 by FA:
• All balls must be:
• spherical.
• made of suitable material.
• of a circumference of between 68 cm (27 ins) and 70 cm (28 ins).
• between 410 g (14 oz) and 450 g (16 oz) in weight at the start of the match.
• of a pressure equal to 0.6 – 1.1 atmosphere (600 – 1,100g/cm2) at sea level (8.5 lbs/sq in – 15.6 lbs/sq in)
• All balls used in matches played in an official competition organized under the auspices of FIFA or confederations must meet the requirements and bear one of the marks of the FIFA Quality Programme for Football.
• According to the book, "Encyclopedia of British football"
• It was agreed in 1872 that a ball must be spherical with a circumference of 68-71 cm.
• It also had to be cased in leather or other approved material.
• It had to weigh between 453-396g at the start of the game.

Dimension(Goal-post):

• A goalpost is situated at the end line on each side.
• The goal area consists of the rectangle formed by the goal line.
• Two lines start on the goal-line 5.5 meters (6 yds) from the goalposts.
• It extends 5.5 meters (6 yds) into the pitch from the goal line, and the line joins these.
• It forms a rectangle of  6yds by 20yds.

​Thus, the Goal Area of Football is 6yds X 20 yds.

Additional Information:History:

• In the year 1930, the First FIFA World Cup was first inaugurated.
• It took place in Uruguay from 13 to 30 July 1930.
• All matches were played in the Uruguayan capital, Montevideo.

​Duration of a football match:

• A football match lasts for two equal halves of 45 minutes.
• It may only be reduced if agreed between the referee and the two teams before the start of the match and is in accordance with competition rules.
• It has a break of 15 minutes also called 'half-time'

Given:

Initial population = 12,500

Final population = 15,000

Concept:

Percentage increase = ((Final - Initial)/Initial) × 100%

Solution:

⇒ Difference in population = 15,000 - 12,500 = 2,500

⇒ Percentage increase = (2,500/12,500) × 100% = 20%

Therefore, the percentage increase in population is 20%.

Shortcut Trick

If x% of the first number = y% of the second number, the ratio of the first to the second is directly y : x.

First Number : Second Number = 64 : 28

⇒ First Number : Second Number = 16 : 7

∴ The correct answer is 16 : 7.

Alternate Method

Given:

28% of the first number = 64% of the second number

Calculations:

Let the first number be A and the second number be B.

⇒ 28% of A = 64% of B

⇒ (28 ÷ 100) × A = (64 ÷ 100) × B

⇒ 28 × A = 64 × B

⇒ A ÷ B = 64 ÷ 28

Dividing numerator and denominator by their highest common factor (4):

⇒ A ÷ B = 16 ÷ 7

⇒ A : B = 16 : 7

∴ The correct answer is 16 : 7.

Additional Information

Percentage to Ratio Conversion

If a% of x = b% of y, then the ratio of x to y is strictly the inverse ratio of their percentages, which directly means x : y = b : a.

Properties of Proportions

If a : b = c : d, then a × d = b × c. This fundamental rule states that the product of the extremes equals the product of the means.

Simplifying Ratios

A ratio a : b is in its simplest form when the highest common factor (HCF) of a and b is exactly 1. In the given question, 64 and 28 are divided by their HCF, which is 4.

Shortcut Trick

Side of each cube, a = ³√4096 = 16 cm.

When 3 cubes are joined end-to-end, 4 faces are completely hidden from the surface (2 joints × 2 faces).

Total Surface Area = Total area of 3 separate cubes − Area of hidden faces

TSA = 3 × 6a² − 4a² = 18a² − 4a² = 14a²

⇒ TSA = 14 × (16)² = 14 × 256 = 3584 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 3584 cm².

Alternate Method

Given:

Volume of each cube = 4096 cm³

Number of identical cubes joined = 3

Formula Used:

Volume of a cube = a³

Total Surface Area of a cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl)

    16 cm 16 cm 16 cm  16 cm  16 cm    L = 48 cm

Calculations:

⇒ a³ = 4096

⇒ a = 16 cm

⇒ Length of the new cuboid (l) = 16 + 16 + 16 = 48 cm

⇒ Breadth of the new cuboid (b) = 16 cm

⇒ Height of the new cuboid (h) = 16 cm

⇒ Total Surface Area = 2(lb + bh + hl)

⇒ Total Surface Area = 2(48 × 16 + 16 × 16 + 16 × 48)

⇒ Total Surface Area = 2(768 + 256 + 768)

⇒ Total Surface Area = 2(1792)

⇒ Total Surface Area = 3584 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 3584 cm².

Additional Information

Volume of Cube & Cuboid

The volume of a cube is given by a³ and for a cuboid it is length × breadth × height.

Surface Area Properties

The Total Surface Area of a single cube is 6a². When n identical cubes are joined end-to-end, 2(n − 1) faces get hidden inside the solid. The new surface area becomes n × 6a² − 2(n − 1)a².

Face Diagonal & Body Diagonal

The face diagonal of a cube is a√2, while the longest distance (body diagonal) inside a cube is a√3. For a cuboid, the body diagonal is calculated as √(l² + b² + h²).

Given:

Speed of first train = 65 km/h

Speed of second train = 76 km/h

Time difference between their starts = 2 hours

Concept:

The distance where they meet = Speed of faster train × Time difference + Speed of slower train × Time taken together

Solution:

⇒ Relative speed = Speed of faster train - Speed of slower train = 76 - 65 = 11 km/h

⇒ Time taken to catch up = Time difference/(Relative speed/Speed of slower train) = 2/(11/65) = 11.82 hours

⇒ Distance from Bombay = Speed of slower train × (Time difference + Time taken together) = 65 × (2 + 11.82) = 898.18 km

Hence, the two trains will be together at a distance of 898.18 km from Bombay.

Given:

Initial amount = Rs. 6,250

Final amount after 5 years = Rs. 15,552

Concept:

The formula for compound interest is A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where:

Solution:

⇒ 15,552 = 6,250(1 + r)⁽⁵⁾

⇒ r = ((15,552/6,250)^(1/5) - 1 = 0.20 or 20%

Therefore, the rate of interest is 20%.

Shortcut Trick

Mean proportional between two numbers a and b is √(a × b).

Required mean proportional = √(0.09 × 0.64)

Separating the roots: √0.09 × √0.64 = 0.3 × 0.8

Result = 0.24

∴ The correct answer is 0.24.

Alternate Method

Given:

First term (a) = 0.09

Second term (b) = 0.64

Formula Used:

If a, x, b are in continued proportion, then x is the mean proportional where a/x = x/b ⇒ x² = ab.

Calculations:

⇒ Let the mean proportional be x.

⇒ x = √(0.09 × 0.64)

⇒ x = √((9/100) × (64/100))

⇒ x = (3/10) × (8/10)

⇒ x = 24/100

⇒ x = 0.24

∴ The correct answer is 0.24.

Additional Information

Third Proportional

The third proportional of two numbers a and b is defined as the value c such that a : b = b : c, given by c = b²/a.

Fourth Proportional

The fourth proportional of three numbers a, b, and c is the value d such that a : b = c : d, calculated as d = (b × c)/a.

Compound Ratio

For two ratios a : b and c : d, the compound ratio is (a × c) : (b × d).

Given:

Selling price after discount = Rs. 22,352

Shopkeeper's gain = 25%

Concept:

Marked price = Selling price/(1 - discount%)

Cost price = Selling price/(1 + gain%)

Solution:

⇒ Marked price = 22,352/(1 - 0.12) = Rs. 25,400

⇒ Cost price = Marked price/(1 + 0.25) = Rs. 20,320

Therefore, the cost price of the mobile phone is Rs. 20,320.

Given:

Initial volume of water = 36 liters

Volume taken out and replaced = 6 liters

Process repeated 2 times

Concept:

After each operation, volume of water = (Initial volume - Volume replaced) × remaining volume ratio

Solution:

Final solution = 36(1 - 6/36)² ⇒ 36(1 - 1/6)2 ⇒ 36(5/6)2 ⇒ 25

Therefore, there is 25 liters of water left in the container.

Shortcut Trick

Downstream Speed = 15.5 + 4.5 = 20 km/h

Upstream Speed = 15.5 − 4.5 = 11 km/h

Total Time = (76 ÷ 20) + (104.5 ÷ 11)

Total Time = 3.8 + 9.5 = 13.3 hours

13.3 hours = 13 hours and (0.3 × 60) minutes = 13 hours 18 minutes.

∴ The correct answer is 13 hours 18 minutes.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed of the boat in still water (v_b) = 15.5 km/h

Speed of the stream (v_s) = 4.5 km/h

Distance covered downstream (D_d) = 76 km

Distance covered upstream (D_u) = 104.5 km

Formula Used:

Downstream Speed = v_b + v_s

Upstream Speed = v_b − v_s

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Downstream: 76 km at 20 km/h → 3.8 h

Upstream: 104.5 km at 11 km/h → 9.5 h

Total Time = 3.8 h + 9.5 h = 13.3 h

Calculations:

⇒ Downstream Speed = 15.5 + 4.5 = 20 km/h

⇒ Upstream Speed = 15.5 − 4.5 = 11 km/h

⇒ Time taken to travel downstream = 76 ÷ 20 = 3.8 hours

⇒ Time taken to travel upstream = 104.5 ÷ 11 = 9.5 hours

⇒ Total time taken for the journey = 3.8 + 9.5 = 13.3 hours

⇒ Converting to hours and minutes = 13 hours + (0.3 × 60) minutes = 13 hours 18 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 13 hours 18 minutes.

Additional Information

Downstream and Upstream Speeds

When a boat moves with the flow of the river, it is called downstream, and Speed = Boat Speed + Stream Speed. When moving against the flow, it is upstream, and Speed = Boat Speed − Stream Speed.

Calculating Individual Speeds

If the downstream speed is D and the upstream speed is U, then Boat Speed in Still Water = (D + U) ÷ 2 and Speed of the Stream = (D − U) ÷ 2.

Average Speed for Equal Distances

If a boat covers a certain distance downstream and the exact same distance upstream, its average speed is given by (2 × D × U) ÷ (D + U).

Given:

Rating for campus placements = 9 out of 10

Rating for teaching = 8 out of 10

Weightage for placements = 55%

Weightage for teaching = 45%

Concept:

Weighted average rating = (Rating for placements × Weightage for placements) + (Rating for teaching × Weightage for teaching)

Solution:

⇒ Weighted average rating = (9 × 0.55) + (8 × 0.45) = 4.95 + 3.6 = 8.55 out of 10

Hence, the final rating of the college out of 10 is 8.55.

Calculation:

As per question,

⇒ Surface Area of S1 : Surface Area of S2 = 9 : 1

⇒ 4πR² : 4πr2 = 9 : 1

⇒ R : r = 3 : 1

⇒ Volume of S1 : Volume of S2 = R³ : r³

⇒ Volume of S1 : Volume of S2 = 3³ : 1³

⇒ Volume of S1 : Volume of S2 = 27 : 1

Percentage by which volume of S2 is lower than S1 = x %

x% = [(27 -1)/27] × 100 = (26/27) × 100 ≈ 96.29%

∴ The correct answer is Option (3).

Given:

The MP of the coffee maker = Rs. 4,500

Successive discounts of 20%, 10%, and 5%

Formula Used:

For successive discounts,

SP = MP × $\frac{100-D_1}{100}$ × $\frac{100-D_2}{100}$ × ... × $\frac{100-D_n}{100}$

Solution:

According to the question

SP = 4500 × $\frac{100-20}{100}$ × $\frac{100-10}{100}$ × $\frac{100-5}{100}$

⇒ SP = 4500 × $\frac{80}{100}$ × $\frac{90}{100}$ × $\frac{95}{100}$ = Rs. 3078

∴ The SP of the coffee maker is Rs. 3,078.

Given:

Rakesh can do the work in 45 days

Manoj can do the work in 90 days

Concept:

Work done in one day = 1/Time taken to complete the work

When they work alternately, the time taken to finish the work will be twice the harmonic mean of their individual times.

Solution:

⇒ Work done by Rakesh in a day = 1/45

⇒ Work done by Manoj in a day = 1/90

⇒ Time taken when they work alternately = 2/(Work done by Rakesh in a day + Work done by Manoj in a day) = 2/((1/45) + (1/90)) = 60 days

Therefore, if Rakesh and Manoj work on alternate days starting with Rakesh, they can finish the work in 60 days.

Given:

Bill amount = ₹80,000

Single discount = 15%

Successive discounts = 10% and 5%

Concept:

The difference between a single discount and successive discounts can be found by subtracting the effective amounts after the discounts from the original amount.

Solution:

⇒ Amount after single discount = ₹80,000 × (1 - 0.15) = ₹68,000

⇒ Amount after successive discounts = ₹80,000 × (1 - 0.10) × (1 - 0.05) = ₹68,400

⇒ Difference = ₹68,400 - ₹68,000 = ₹400

Therefore, the difference between a discount of 15% and two successive discounts of 10% and 5% on a bill for ₹80,000 is ₹400.

Given:

The sum of two numbers = 15

HCF = 3

LCM = 18

Concept:

The product of two numbers is equal to the product of HCF and LCM

Solution:

Let be the numbers x and y.

According to the question 

x + y = 15

and xy = 3 × 18 using the concept.

Reciprocal = 1/x + 1/y = x + y/(xy) = 15/(3 × 18) = 5/18

Hence, the sum of the reciprocals of the two numbers is 5/18.

Given:

Portions of goods sold at profits of 10%, 20%, and 30%

Overall profit = 15%

Concept:

The proportion of the goods sold at each profit can be determined by the rule of averages.

Solution:

Let's assume the cost price of the total goods is 100.

For the first quarter of goods sold at 20% profit: the selling price will be 25 × 120% = 30.

For the second quarter of goods sold at 25% profit: the selling price will be 25 × 125% = 31.25.

For the third quarter of goods sold at 10% profit: the selling price will be 25 × 110% = 27.5.

For the last quarter of goods sold at a loss of 5%: the selling price will be 25 × 95% = 23.75.

The total selling price of the goods is then 30 + 31.25 + 27.5 + 23.75 = 112.5.

So, the overall profit is 112.5 - 100 = 12.5.

Finally, the overall profit percentage is (12.5/100) × 100 = 12.5%.

Therefore, the overall profit percentage of the shopkeeper is 12.5%.

Shortcut Trick

A depreciation of 2% means the new value becomes 98% (or 49/50) of the previous year's value.

Present Value = Initial Value × Multiplying Factor²

⇒ Present Value = 362500 × (49 / 50) × (49 / 50)

⇒ Present Value = 145 × 2401 = 348145

∴ The correct answer is ₹348145.

Alternate Method

Given:

Value of the car 2 years ago (P) = ₹3,62,500

Rate of depreciation (R) = 2% per annum

Time (T) = 2 years

Formula Used:

Present Value = P × (1 − R / 100)^T

2 Years Ago ₹3,62,500

1 Year Ago ₹3,55,250

Present Value ?

−2%

−2%

Successive Depreciation over 2 years

Calculation:

⇒ Present Value = 362500 × (1 − 2 / 100)²

⇒ Present Value = 362500 × (98 / 100)²

⇒ Present Value = 362500 × (49 / 50) × (49 / 50)

⇒ Present Value = 362500 × 2401 / 2500

⇒ Present Value = 145 × 2401

⇒ Present Value = 348145

∴ The correct answer is ₹348145.

Additional Information

Depreciation Formula

When the value of an asset decreases uniformly by R% every year, the final value after T years is found using A = P × (1 − R/100)^T.

Successive Percentage Change

The effective net change of two successive percentage changes a% and b% is given by [a + b + (a × b) / 100]%. For two 2% depreciations, the net change is −2 − 2 + (4/100) = −3.96%.

Population Growth

If a value (like a town's population) increases at R% per annum, the new amount after T years follows the standard compound interest formula: A = P × (1 + R/100)^T.

Given:

Raju can complete the work in 10 hours

Ram can complete the same work in 15 hours

Concept:

When two people work together, their combined rate is the sum of their individual rates.

Solution:

⇒ Work done by Raju in 1 hour = 1/10

⇒ Work done by Ram in 1 hour = 1/15

⇒ Combined work done in 1 hour = (1/10) + (1/15) = 1/6

⇒ Time required to finish the work = 1/(Combined work done in 1 hour) = 6 hours

Therefore, Raju and Ram can finish the work together in 6 hours.

Given:

Radius of a hemisphere = 14 cm

Concept:

Curved surface area of a hemisphere = 2πr²

Solution:

⇒ Curved surface area = 2 × (22/7) × 14² = 1232 cm²

Therefore, the curved surface area of the hemisphere is 1232 cm².

Given:

Bells toll at intervals of 8 sec, 10 sec, and 12 sec

Total time = 30 min = 1800 sec

Concept:

The time when all the bells toll together is the least common multiple (LCM) of the tolling intervals.

Solution:

⇒ LCM of 8, 10, and 12 = 120 sec

⇒ Number of times the bells toll together = Total time / Time when all the bells toll together = 1800/120 = 15 times

However, it is important to note that the bells tolled together at the start of the period under consideration.

Therefore, we need to add 1 to the 15 times they toll together within 30 minutes.

So, in total, the bells toll together 15 + 1 = 16 times in 30 minutes.

Therefore, in 30 minutes, the bells toll together 16 times.

The correct answer is "Wrapped."

Key Points

• The given spelling of the word "wraped" is incorrect.
• The correct spelling of the word is "wrapped" with double "p".
• "Wrapped" means to put paper or cloth around somebody/something as a cover. (किसी वस्‍तु पर काग़ज़ चढ़ाना या किसी व्‍यकि्त पर कपड़ा लपेटना)
• Example: She wrapped the gift.
• The correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is "had already started."

 Key Points

• The past perfect tense "had already started" is the correct form to use in this sentence.
• It indicates that the film had already started before the time of the past event (when we went to the cinema).
• In this sentence, "had already started" is the correct past perfect tense to indicate that the action (the film starting) occurred before another past action (going to the cinema).
• The correct answer is option 1.

Correct sentence: When we went to the cinema, the film had already started.

Additional Information

• Option 4, "was already start", is missing the auxiliary verb "had" and is in the present tense instead of the past.
• Option 2, "has started", is in the present perfect tense and implies that the film is still currently playing.
• Option 3, "would already start", is a conditional tense and does not fit the context of the sentence. It implies that the film would have already started if a certain condition had been met.

Here, the erroneous part is "he was going to Goa."

Key Points

• The error lies in the part "he was going to Goa."
• The sentence is in the past tense, so the correct form of the verb 'go' would be 'went.'
• The error is in the use of the present continuous tense 'he was going', which is not appropriate for a completed action in the past.
• The correct answer is Option 1.

Correct sentence: He goes to Shimla every year but this year he went to Goa.

The correct answer is "old head on young shoulders."

 Key Points

• "Full of wisdom" is a phrase used to describe someone who possesses a great deal of knowledge, experience, and good judgment. (कोई ऐसा व्यक्ति जिसके पास बहुत सारा ज्ञान, अनुभव और अच्छा निर्णय हो)
• Example: He is full of wisdom.
• The idiom "old head on young shoulders" means that someone is wise and mature beyond their years. (कोई व्यक्ति अपनी उम्र से अधिक बुद्धिमान और परिपक्व होता है)
• Example: He is an old head on young shoulders.
• In the sentence, it is used to describe the young teacher's experience and wisdom.
• The idiom is grammatically correct and fits well in the sentence.
• The correct answer is Option 1

Additional Information

• Option 2 (a frog in a small pond) means someone who is important or successful only in a small or limited environment. (कोई ऐसा व्यक्ति जो केवल छोटे या सीमित वातावरण में ही महत्वपूर्ण या सफल हो)
• Option 3 (an alpha mom) refers to a mother who is dominant and assertive in her parenting style. (एक माँ जो अपनी पालन-पोषण शैली में प्रभावशाली और दृढ़ है)
• Option 4 (a silver fox) is used to describe an attractive older man with gray or silver hair. (भूरे या चांदी के बालों वाले एक आकर्षक वृद्ध व्यक्ति का वर्णन करना)

The correct answer is "Zigzag."

 Key Points

• "Serpentine" means having a winding course, like a snake, zigzag. (साँप की तरह घुमावदार रास्ता होना)
• Example: He has just completed a three-mile long serpentine sculpture in a New Zealand estuary.
• "Zigzag" also means having a winding course, with sharp turns in alternating directions. (एक घुमावदार मार्ग, जिसमें वैकल्पिक दिशाओं में तीव्र मोड़ हैं)
• Example: Those roads were zig zag.
• Both words are synonyms, but zigzag emphasizes the sharpness of the turns.
• The correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

• "Nascent" means just beginning to exist or develop. (आरंभिक अवस्था, उदीयमान; विकासशील)
• "Prosthetic" means relating to an artificial limb or body part. (किसी कृत्रिम अंग या शरीर के अंग से संबंधित)
• "Fiery" means full of fire or energy, or relating to fire. (आग या ऊर्जा से भरा हुआ, या आग से संबंधित)

The correct answer is "Among the 11 members of the team."

 Key Points

• "Between" is used when there are only two things or people being compared.
• Example: There is no comparison between Rahul and Riya.
• In this case, there are 11 members, so we need to use "among" instead.
• "Among" is used when there are three or more things or people being compared.
• Example: There is no comparison among them.
• Using "between" in this sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• The word "off" is not necessary and would make the sentence incorrect if used.
• "Beside" means next to or alongside, so it does not make sense in this context.
• The correct answer is Option 2.

Correct sentence: Among the 11 members of the team, there was great discord and this led to their dismal performance.

The correct answer is "Single."

 Key Points

• "Solitary" means (used about a person or an animal) enjoying being alone; frequently spending time alone, only one. ((व्‍यक्ति या पशु) एकांतप्रेमी; अकेले समय यापन करते रहने वाला, एकांतसेनी))
• Example: She was always a solitary child.
• Synonyms of Solitary include Single, Alone, Lonely, and Isolated.
• "Single" means only one. (केवल एक)
• Example: I managed to finish the whole job in a single afternoon.
• The correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Option 1, "Joyful", means feeling or expressing great happiness or pleasure. (बहुत प्रसन्‍न, ख़ुश या आनंदित)
• Option 2, "Hardship", means severe suffering or privation. (पर्याप्त धन, भोजन आदि का अभाव, जीवन की मूलभूत सुविधाओं की अपर्याप्ता; तंगहाली)
• Option 4, "Awkward", means causing difficulty; hard to do or deal with. (निपटने में मुश्किल, कठिन, कष्‍टकर)

The correct answer is "rude."

Key Points

• "Polite" means having or showing good manners or respect for others. (सुशील और दूसरों का सम्‍मान करने वाला; नम्र, शिष्‍ट)
• Example: The assistants in that shop are always very helpful and polite.
• The antonym of "polite" is "rude."
• "Rude" means showing a lack of respect or consideration for others. (अशिष्‍ट (किसी के प्रति) (किसी बात पर))
• Example: It’s rude to interrupt when people are speaking.
• The correct answer is Option 3.

Correct sentence: I don't want to offend him, so I'm hesitant to say or do anything rude.

 Additional Information

• "Bluff", means to deceive or mislead someone. (झूठा विश्‍वास दिलाना, झांसा देना)
• "Kind", means having or showing a friendly, generous, or considerate nature. (समान गुणों वाले व्यक्तियों का समूह; वर्ग)
• "Abrupt", means sudden and unexpected, often in a way that is rude or unfriendly. (आकस्मिक और अप्रत्‍याशित)

The correct answer is "Not feeling comfortable in a new environment."

 Key Points

• The idiom "fish out of water" means to feel uncomfortable or out of place in a new environment or situation. (किसी नए वातावरण या स्थिति में असहज या जगह से बाहर महसूस करना)
• Example: After moving to a new city, I felt like a fish out of water until I made some friends and got used to the area.
• The phrase is often used to describe someone who is struggling to adapt to a new job, school, or social setting.
• The idiom comes from the idea that a fish removed from water will struggle to survive, just as a person removed from their familiar surroundings may feel lost or disoriented.
• The correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is "Blessing."

 Key Points

• "Misfortune" means bad luck or an unfortunate event. (दुर्भाग्य, विपत्ति या अनर्थ)
• Example: I hope I don’t ever have the misfortune to meet him again.
• "Blessing" is the opposite of misfortune, meaning something that brings good fortune or luck. (सौभाग्‍य, वरदान, आशीर्वाद)
• Example: It’s a great blessing that we have two healthy children.
• Blessing is the correct antonym for misfortune.
• The correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• "Condemn" means to express strong disapproval or to sentence someone to punishment. किसी की तीव्र निंदा करना; दोषी या अपराधी ठहराना)
• "Affliction" means something that causes pain or suffering. (दुख, वेदना, मनस्‍ताप)
• "Support" means to give assistance or help to someone or something. (किसी को (सहमति के आधार पर) समर्थन देना या किसी की (धन देकर) सहायता करना)

The correct answer is "Messenger."

 Key Points

• The word "Messenger" is correctly spelt word.
• The word is correctly spelled with double 's' in the middle.
• "Messenger" means a person who carries a message. (संदेशवाहक)
• Example: The documents were delivered by special messenger.
• The correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is "Expand."

 

Key Points

• "Compact" means small and easy to carry. (छोटा और उठाकर ले जाने में सुविधाजनक)
• Example: She uses a compact camera.
• The antonym of Compact is Expand.
• The word "Expand" means to become or make larger in size, volume, or quantity. (फैलना या फैलाना)
• Example: The company plans to expand its operations to other countries.
• The correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• Option 1, Short: It means small in length, distance, or height. (छोटा (लंबाई में))
• Option 3, Multiple: It means having or involving several parts, elements, or members. (बहुल, बहुविध या बहुखंड, (जिसमें अनेक लोग या वस्‍तुएँ शामिल हों या जिसके अनेक अंग खंड हों))
• Option 4, Compress: It means to press or squeeze something into a smaller space or size. (दबाकर भरना, संपीडित करना, संक्षिप्‍त करना)

The correct answer is "betterment."

 Key Points

• "Progress" means movement forwards or towards achieving something. (आगे की ओर या लक्ष्‍य की ओर गति; प्रगति)
• Example: Amit’s making progress at school.
• "Betterment" means improvement or progress, which fits the context of the sentence. (सुधार या प्रगति)
• Example: They believed that what they were doing was vital for the betterment of society.
• The sentence is comparing the progress of the teacher to that of other teachers, and "betterment" is the most appropriate option to describe her progress.
• The correct answer is Option 4.

 Additional Information

• Plight: a difficult or dangerous situation. (दुर्दशा; प्रतिकूल या कठिन दशा या स्थिति)
• Scenario: a possible situation or sequence of events. (भावी घटनाओं का परिदृश्‍य)
• Dilemma: a difficult choice between two options. (दो या अधिक वस्तुओं में से एक का चयन करने की कठिन स्थिति, दुविधा, असमंजस)

The correct answer is "obligation."

 Key Points

• "Compulsion" means an irresistible urge to do something. (किसी बात के लिए स्‍वयं या किसी को बाध्य करने की या बाध्य होने की क्रिया; विवशता, दबाव)

• Example: There is no compulsion to take part.

• "Obligation" means a duty or commitment to do something. (क़ानूनी बाध्यता या कर्तव्य-भावना, या वचनबद्घता)

• Example: The shop is under no obligation to give you your money back.

• The sentence suggests that some people feel a strong urge to check doors, which implies a sense of duty or obligation.

• Therefore, the most appropriate synonym for compulsion in this context is obligation.

• The correct answer is Option 2.

Correct sentence: Some people have a disorder from which comes the obligation to check doors and ensure that they are properly locked.

Additional Information

• Agreement means a mutual understanding or arrangement. (किसी बात या व्‍यक्ति से सहमति)
• Passion means a strong and barely controllable emotion. (बहुत प्रबल मनोभाव, भावावेश (विशेषतः प्रेम, घृणा या क्रोध का))
• Exertion means physical or mental effort. (अत्‍यधिक शारीरिक प्रयास; थकाने वाला काम)

The correct answer is "I forgot to pack my toothbrush for our vacation."

 

Key Points

• The verb tense should be past simple ("forgot") instead of simple present  ("forget").
• "Forget" is an irregular verb and its past simple form is "forgot."
• The sentence is in past tense ("had to catch", "were short") so the verb tense should also be past simple to maintain the uniformity of the sentence.
• The correct answer is Option 2.

Correct sentence: Because I had to catch the train, and as we were short on time, I forgot to pack my toothbrush for our vacation.

The correct answer is "after."

 Key Points

• "After" is the most appropriate option to fill in the blank as it indicates a time relationship between the two events. (पश्‍चात; बाद में)
• After means 'later than' and 'next in time or place.'
• Example: Her name came after mine on the list.
• The correct answer is Option 3.
• Correct passage:

My breath is halted, like gasping for air after crying far too long and hard. It is like a hiccup, with a shivering sharpness ______ (2) ______ nerves. It is like icicles running ______ (3) ______ your spine or aluminum in your mouth, an eerie amount of emotions that cannot compare ______ (4) ______ the actual feelings you’ve managed to live ______ (5) ______. I just watched you die; I say to myself silently.​

 Additional Information

• Option 1, "under," could be used in a sentence like "The book is under the table," indicating a physical location. ((किसी के) नीचे, नीचे से)
• Option 2, "about," could be used in a sentence like "We talked about the weather," indicating a topic of conversation. (लगभग)
• Option 4, "in," could be used in a sentence like "I will see you in an hour," indicating a specific time frame. ((पूर्वसर्ग) (स्‍थान का निर्देश) अंदर या किसी क्षेत्र या वस्‍तु के भीतर कोई स्थिति में, के अंदर)

The correct answer is "of."

 Key Points

• The preposition "of" is used to show possession, association, or origin.
• Example: It was a pleasant escape from the dust and noise of the building going on above them.
• In the given context, "between" and "around" do not make sense and "from" would require a starting point.
• Therefore, the correct option is "of" which indicates that the options are a part of the given statement.
• The correct answer is option 4.
• Correct passage:

My breath is halted, like gasping for air after crying far too long and hard. It is like a hiccup, with a shivering sharpness of nerves. It is like icicles running ______ (3) ______ your spine or aluminum in your mouth, an eerie amount of emotions that cannot compare ______ (4) ______ the actual feelings you’ve managed to live ______ (5) ______. I just watched you die; I say to myself silently.​

The correct answer is "down."

 Key Points

• "Running down" is a phrase used to describe the action of a liquid or an object in a liquid state moving downward.
• In the context of the sentence "It is like icicles running down your spine or aluminum in your mouth," the phrase "running down your spine" suggests the sensation of something cold or chilling, akin to the feeling of icicles slowly melting and trickling down your back.
• The correct answer is option 2.
• Correct passage:

My breath is halted, like gasping for air after crying far too long and hard. It is like a hiccup, with a shivering sharpness of nerves. It is like icicles running down your spine or aluminum in your mouth, an eerie amount of emotions that cannot compare ______ (4) ______ the actual feelings you’ve managed to live ______ (5) ______. I just watched you die; I say to myself silently.​

 Additional Information

• "Besides" means in addition to or apart from. (के अतिरिक्त, के साथ; भी)
• "Among" means surrounded by or in the middle of. (से घिरा हुआ; के बीच में)
• "Thorough" means complete or exhaustive. (सावधानी से और पूरी तरह किया गया; परिपूर्ण)

The correct answer is "to."

 Key Points

• "To" is the correct preposition to use in this context, as it indicates movement from one side of something to the other.
• "To" means in the direction of; as far as. (की दिशा में, की ओर; जहाँ तक)
• Example: She’s going to Chennai.
• The other options do not make sense grammatically in this context.
• The correct answer is Option 2.
• Correct passage:

My breath is halted, like gasping for air after crying far too long and hard. It is like a hiccup, with a shivering sharpness of nerves. It is like icicles running down your spine or aluminum in your mouth, an eerie amount of emotions that cannot compare to the actual feelings you’ve managed to live ______ (5) ______. I just watched you die; I say to myself silently.​

 Additional Information

• Option 1, "away", indicates movement in the opposite direction of "across". (भिन्‍न स्‍थान या दिशा में; दूर)
• Option 3, "inside", indicates being within something rather than crossing over it. (किसी वस्‍तु के अंदरूनी भाग या सतह में/पर/की ओर, के भीतर, के अंदर, अंदर या भीतर के)
• Option 4, "across",  indicating from one side of something to the other. (एक ओर से दूसरी ओर; आर-पार)

The correct answer is "through."

 Key Points

• "To live through" means to survive or endure a difficult or challenging experience.
• When someone has lived through something, it means they have experienced it and come out on the other side, often implying that the experience was intense, trying, or emotionally significant.
• It can refer to various situations, such as a crisis, a traumatic event, a difficult period in one's life, or any challenging circumstance that a person has managed to survive and overcome.
• The correct answer is Option 2.
• Correct passage:

My breath is halted, like gasping for air after crying far too long and hard. It is like a hiccup, with a shivering sharpness of nerves. It is like icicles running down your spine or aluminum in your mouth, an eerie amount of emotions that cannot compare to the actual feelings you’ve managed to live through. I just watched you die; I say to myself silently.​

Additional Information

• Option 1, "within", means inside or contained within something. ((समयावधि की सीमा) के अंदर))
• Option 3, "out", means away from the inside of something. (बाहर (किसी स्‍थान के भीतरी भाग से दूर))
• Option 4, "instead", means in place of or as an alternative to something. (व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु के स्‍थान पर)

वाक्य में रेखांकित शब्द के स्थान पर उपयुक्त पर्यायवाची शब्द "निर्माण" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• वाक्य- ईश्वर मानव का सृजन करके वंदनीय हो गया।
• इस वाक्य में रेखांकित शब्द सृजन का सही पर्यायवाची निर्माण है।
• सृजन के अन्य पर्यायवाची- बनाना, रचना करना, सृस्टि, निर्माण करना आदि।

अन्य विकल्प- 

रेखांकित अंश के स्थान पर सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प "अगले वर्ष" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• वाक्य- गतवर्ष वह दिल्ली जाने वाला है।
• इस वाक्य में रेखांकित शब्द गतवर्ष के स्थान पर अगले वर्ष होगा।
• गतवर्ष का अर्थ- मौजूदा वर्ष से ठीक पहला वर्ष।
• अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍पों में द‍िए गए शब्‍दों का प्रयोग करने से वाक्‍य का सार्थक अर्थ प्राप्‍त नहीं होता है।

दिए गए मुहावरे मे रेखांकित अंश के स्थान पर सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प "दूध" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• वाक्य- छठी का मिठाई याद आना।
• इस वाक्य में मिठाई के स्थान पर दूध होगा।

Important Pointsकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण मुहावरें- 

जिसका तेज निकल गया है। वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द "निस्तेज" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• जिसका तेज निकल गया है- निस्तेज।

अन्य विकल्प-

Important Pointsकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश-

दिए गए वाक्य मे रेखांकित अंश के स्थान पर सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प "उनके प्राण उड़ गए" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• वाक्य- गोली लगते ही उनका प्राण उड़ गया।
• इस वाक्य में रेखांकित शब्द उनका प्राण उड़ गया के स्थान पर उनके प्राण उड़ गए होगा।
• सही वाक्य- गोली लगते ही उनके प्राण उड़ गए। ​

Important Points

जो आदर करने योग्य हो’ वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द "आदरणीय" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• जो आदर करने योग्य हो- आदरणीय।

अन्य विकल्प-

Important Pointsकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश-

माता - पिता पर आदर करना चाहिए। इस वाक्य में अशुद्ध शब्द "पर" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• वाक्य- माता - पिता पर आदर करना चाहिए।
• इस वाक्य में पर शब्द अशुद्ध है, शुद्ध शब्द का होगा।
• सही वाक्य- माता - पिता का आदर करना चाहिए।

Important Points

• कारक संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ- 
• वाक्यों में कारक संबंधी गलत प्रयोग भी किए जाते हैं, जिस कारण वाक्य अशुद्ध हो जाता है।
• जैसे
• अशुद्ध- हमने यह काम करना है।
• शुद्ध- हमें यह काम करना है।

रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति उचित मुहावरा "रोंगटे" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• वाक्य- सामने शेर को आते देखकर शिखर के खड़े हो गये।
• रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति उचित शब्द रोंगटे होगा।

Important Pointsकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण मुहावरें-