SSC GD Constable (2022) Official Paper (Held On : 30 Jan 2023 Shift 4) (Previous Year Paper)

Given : 

1. Six students Tanya, Roop, Johar, Soma, Manvi and Deep
2. All of them are sitting around a circular table
3. All of them are facing the centre.

Explanation :

1) Soma is sitting second to the right of Deep.

2. Soma is an immediate neighbour of both Manvi and Johar.

As position of Manvi and Johar with respect to Soma is not known yet therefore, there are two possible positions.

3) Roop is sitting second to the left of Johar.

4. Deep is an immediate neighbour of both Johar and Roop.

Thus, according to the final arrangement Roop is the immediate neighbour of Tanya and Deep.

Hence, "Roop" is the correct answer.

Given:

• The image must not to be rotated

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (4)".

Given : 100 × 5 − 110 ÷ 2 + 12 = 210

According to the question, after replacing the two numbers and two signs :

So,

• Option - (1) : 2 and 12; × and +

100 + 5 − 110 ÷ 12 × 2 = 210

100 + 5 − 9.17 × 2 = 210

100 + 5 − 18.34 = 210

105 − 18.34 = 210

86.66 ≠ 210 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : 5 and 2; + and −

100 × 2 + 110 ÷ 5 - 12 = 210

100 × 2 + 22 - 12 = 210

200 + 22 - 12 = 210

222 - 12 = 210

210 = 210 (LHS RHS)

• Option - (3) : 2 and 12; ÷ and ×

100 ÷ 5 − 110 × 2 + 12 = 210

20 − 110 × 2 + 12 = 210

20 +12 - 220 = 210

32 - 220 = 210

-188 ≠  210 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : 12 and 5; × and −

100 - 5 × 110 ÷ 2 + 12 = 210

100 - 5 × 55 + 15 = 210

100 + 15 - 275 = 210

115 - 275 = 210

-160 ≠ 210 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (2)" is the correct answer.

Given : 

Statement : R # L % G @ V & P

So, according to the given symbols :​

• R # L → R is the Daughter of L.

​

• L % G → L is the sister of G.

​

• G @ V → G is husband of V.

​

• V & P → V is he mother of P.

​

Thus, according to the final family tree L is the maternal aunt i.e father's sister of P.

Hence, "Option - (2)" is the correct answer.

Logic : 

1. First and third letters ⇒ Opposite letter according to the English alphabetic series is written.
2. Second letter ⇒ (5) is added to the position value according to the English alphabetic series.
3. Fourth letter ⇒ Opposite letter is written and (1) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.

So, 

• HALF ∶ SFOT

​

​And,

• DAMP ∶ WFNJ

​

​Similarly,

• AREA ∶ ?

​​  

​Hence, "ZWVY" is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given combination when mirror is placed at MN is as shown below:

Detailed Explanation:

• The line MN is the mirror
• The word "FGRzc6nW" the third letter is "R". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 2 is eliminated.

• The word "FGRzc6nW" the mirror is shown horizontally instead of vertically ⇒ Option 3 is eliminated..
• The word "FGRzc6nW" the sixth digit is "6". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 4 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (1)".

Logic : Term : Study or a branch of knowledge about a specific subject

So,

• Cosmology is study of the universe.

Similarly,

• Morphology is study of structure of living things.

Hence, "Structure Of Living Things" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

1. Radio → It is the technology of signaling and communication through radio waves.
2. Structure of living things → Study of Structure of living things is called morphology.
3. Function → Study of function is called physiology.
4. Trees → Study of trees is called dendrology.

According to given figure:

The figure will appear when it is opened as follows:

Hence, "Option - (1)" is the correct answer.

Logic : 

1. First three letters ⇒ (1) is added to the position value according to the English alphabetic series diagonally .
2. Last three letter ⇒ (2) is added to the position value according to the English alphabetic series diagonally.

So, 

• 'DESIGN' is written as 'TFEPIK'

​

​And,

• 'DESIRE' is written as 'TFEGTK'

​

​Similarly,

• 'DEVICE' is written as:

​ 

​Hence, "WFEGEK" is the correct answer.

Given : Six people A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting around a circular table, facing the centre.

Explanation : 

1) C is sitting second to the left of E.

2. B is the immediate neighbour of E and F.

3) A is sitting second to the right of B.

After positioning A only one position is left which will be occupied by the only person left i.e D.

Thus, according to the final arrangement F is sitting between B and A when considered from the right of B.

Hence, "F" is the correct answer.

Logic : Alternately (6) and then (4) is added to the position value according to the English alphabetic series.

So, 

• FLAME is written as 'LPGQK'

​

​And,

• BURNT is written as 'HYXRZ'

​

​Similarly,

• 'FRIED' is written as:

​ 

​Hence, "LVOIJ" is the correct answer.

According to the sequence in the dictionary:

3. HAIKU
4. HAIRY
5. HALOGEN
6. HAMPER
7. HAND
8. HANK

Hence, the correct option is "3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 6".

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1) For '

' element : 

• Shifting in the serial order i.e in the downward direction subsequently.
• After reaching the top the element is replaced by another element i.e '

'.

2) For '

' element : 

• Shifting in the serial order i.e in the downward direction and then to top subsequently.

​

3) For '

' element : 

• Shifting in the serial order i.e in the downward direction and then to top subsequently.
• After reaching the top the element is replaced by another element i.e '

'.​

4) For '

' element :

• Shifting in the serial order i.e in the downward direction and then to top subsequently.
• After reaching the top the element is replaced by another element i.e '

'.

Final series is :

Hence, ‘option - (2)’ is the correct answer.

Logic : Consecutive number series with difference of 8 is subtracted from each number subsequently. 

Hence, "30" is the correct answer.

Logic : ​

1. First letter → (1) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.
2. Second letter → (3) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.
3. Third letter → (5) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.
4. Fourth letter → (7) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.

So, 

​Hence, "DVFA" is the correct answer.

Given statement : 64 - 16 × 25 ÷ 80 + 10 = 59 

According to the question, after interchanging the signs:

So,

• Option - (1) : ÷ and -​

Given statement : 64 - 16 × 25 ÷ 80 + 10 = 59 

After interchanging

64 ÷ 16 × 25 - 80 + 10 = 59

4 × 25 - 80 + 10 = 59 

100 +10 - 80 = 59

110 - 80 = 59

30 ≠ 59 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : ÷ and x

Given statement : 64 - 16 × 25 ÷ 80 + 10 = 59 

After interchanging:

64 - 16 ÷ 25 × 80 + 10 = 59 

64 - 0.64 × 80 + 10 = 59

64 + 10 - 51.2 = 59

74 - 51.2 = 59

-22.8 ≠ 59 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : - and +

Given statement : 64 - 16 × 25 ÷ 80 + 10 = 59 

After interchanging:

64 + 16 × 25 ÷ 80 - 10 = 59 

64 + 16 × 0.3125 - 10 = 59

64 + 5 - 10 = 59

69 - 10 = 59

59 = 59 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (4) : × and -

Given statement : 64 - 16 × 25 ÷ 80 + 10 = 59 

After interchanging:

64 × 16 - 25 ÷ 80 + 10 = 59 

64 × 16 - 0.3125 + 10 = 59

1024 + 10 - 0.3125 = 59

1034 - 0.3125 = 59

1033.6875 ≠ 59 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (3)" is the correct answer.

Logic : ​

1. First , third and fourth letters → (6) is added to the position value according to the English alphabetic series.
2. Second letter → (4) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.

So, 

​Hence, "OUNB" is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. Some pillows are chairs - Does not follow (As, some chairs are bedsheets, all cots are chairs and all pillows are bedsheets. So, it is possible but not definitely true).

II. Some cots are bedsheets - Does not follow (As, some chairs are bedsheets, all cots are chairs and all pillows are bedsheets. So, it is possible but not definitely true).

So, Neither conclusion I nor II follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Neither conclusion I nor II follows".

Logic : Pattern of difference of cube of consecutive number and (1) is followed subsequently.

Hence, "124" is the correct answer.

Logic : (1st number + 3rd number) = (2nd number ÷ 6)

Given : 

• (10, 300, 40)

10 + 40 = 300 ÷ 6

50 = 50 (LHS = RHS)

• (12, 192, 20)

12 + 20 = 192 ÷ 6

32 = 32 (LHS = RHS)

So,

• Option - (1) : (16, 226, 30)

16 + 30 = 226 ÷ 6

46 ≠ 37.7 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : (17, 156, 12)

17 + 12 = 156 ÷ 6

29 ≠ 26 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : (20, 160, 10)

20 + 10 = 160 ÷ 6

30 ≠ 26.7 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : (18, 228, 20)

18 + 20 = 228 ÷ 6

38 = 38 (LHS = RHS)

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Manika Batra.

Key Points

• Manika Batra is a professional table tennis player who has won several medals for India at international events.

Additional Information

• Parupalli Kashyap is a well-known badminton player who has won the gold medal at the 2014 Commonwealth Games held in Glasgow, Scotland.
• Aparna Popat is a former badminton player who has won the bronze medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
• Saurav Ghosal is a professional squash player who has won the gold medal at the 2014 Asian Games held in Incheon, South Korea.

The correct answer is Chandela.

Key Points

• The ruler of the Chandela dynasty built the Kandariya Mahadeva temple in 999 AD.
• The temple is located in Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh and is one of the finest examples of medieval Indian architecture.
• The Chandela dynasty ruled over a large part of central India between the 9th and 13th centuries.
• The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is famous for its intricate carvings and sculptures.
• The temple complex consists of several smaller temples and is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Additional Information

• The Sunga dynasty ruled over parts of northern and central India from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD.
• They were known for their contributions to Buddhism and the arts.
• The Nanda dynasty was an ancient Indian dynasty that ruled over the Magadha region in the 4th century BC.
• They were known for their military prowess and wealth.
• The Gupta dynasty was one of the most powerful empires in ancient India, ruling over much of northern and central India from the 4th to the 6th century AD.
• They were known for their contributions to literature, art, and science.

The correct answer is 29.

Key Points

• Article 29 provides protection to the interests of minorities by ensuring that they have the right to conserve their distinct language, script, and culture.
• This article prohibits the denial of admission to any educational institution on the grounds of religion, race, caste, language, or any of them.
• Article 29 also protects the rights of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.

Additional Information

• Article 33 empowers Parliament to modify the rights of the armed forces, paramilitary forces, and police forces in the interest of national security.
• Article 31 deals with the right to property, which was repealed by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978.
• Article 27 provides freedom from payment of taxes for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious denomination.

The correct answer is Vaishnavism​.

Key Points

• The Vaishnavite cult which swept North India in the 15th century. and the resultant bhakti movement contributed to a whole new range of lyrics and musical forms.
• The Radha-Krishna theme proved immensely popular alongwith the works of Mirabai, Surdas, Nandadas and Krishnadas.

Additional Information

• Buddhism is a non-theistic religion that originated in ancient India and emphasizes the teachings of Buddha.
• Shaktism is a tradition of Hinduism that worships the divine feminine energy, or Shakti, as the supreme deity.

The correct answer is Gymnosperms.

Key Points

• Cycas and Pinus are both examples of gymnosperms, which are plants that produce seeds without enclosing them in a fruit.
• Gymnosperms are typically woody plants with needle-like or scale-like leaves and are often adapted to harsh environments, such as deserts or cold climates.

Additional Information

• Pteridophyta refers to ferns and their relatives, which reproduce via spores rather than seeds.
• Thallophyta is a group of plants that includes algae and fungi, which are not closely related to Cycas and Pinus.
• Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in a fruit, such as apples or tomatoes.

The correct answer is Mahawat.

Key Points

• Mahawat helps in the cultivation of rabi crops as it brings moisture to the soil and helps in the growth of crops.
• Southeast trade winds do not have a significant impact on the cultivation of rabi crops as they bring dry air and low humidity.
• Westerly jet streams are high-altitude winds that do not directly affect the cultivation of crops.
• Northwest winds can bring cold and dry air, which can adversely affect the growth of crops.

Additional Information

• Mahawat is a local term used in India to describe the southwest monsoon winds that bring rainfall to the country from June to September.
• Rabi crops are crops that are sown in winter and harvested in spring.
• Examples of rabi crops include wheat, barley, and mustard.
• Southeast trade winds are prevailing winds that blow from the southeast towards the equator.
• Westerly jet streams are fast-moving winds that blow from west to east in the upper atmosphere.
• Northwest winds are prevailing winds that blow from the northwest towards the equator.

The correct answer is The President of India.

Key Points

• The Finance Commission of India is a constitutional body that is set up under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution.
• Its primary responsibility is to recommend the distribution of tax revenues between the central and state governments.
• The Finance Commission submits its report to the President of India, who is the head of the state and represents the country internationally.
• The President of India appoints the members of the Finance Commission, and their recommendations are binding on the government.
• The Finance Commission's report is an essential document that guides the allocation of resources between the center and the states.

Additional Information

• NITI Ayog is a policy think tank of the Government of India that replaced the Planning Commission.
• It is responsible for providing strategic and technical advice to the government on various policy matters.
• The Finance Minister of India is responsible for managing the finances of the government, including taxation, expenditure, and borrowing.
• The President of India is the head of the state and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
• The President is elected by an electoral college and holds office for a term of five years.
• The President has the power to appoint various constitutional bodies and make appointments to various positions in the government.

The correct answer is  Haryana.

Key Points

As per Census 2011, Haryana has the lowest sex ratio, i.e., the number of females per 1000 males.

• The sex ratio is a valuable source for identifying the female population in India and what is the ratio between women and men in India.
• It was revealed in the 2011 Population Census that the Indian population ratio 2011 is 943 females per 1000 males.
• Haryana has India's lowest sex ratio and the figure shows a number of 877 females to 1000 males.
• Puducherry and Kerala where there are more women than men.
• Kerala has India's highest sex ratio and the figure shows a number of 1084 females to 1000 males.

The correct answer is crops.

Key Points

• Farming is the process of producing food, fiber, and other products by cultivating crops and raising livestock.
• The output of farming includes various agricultural products such as crops, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meat, and eggs.
• Crops are the most common output of farming, and they are grown for various purposes such as food, fuel, fiber, and medicine.
• Other outputs of farming include animal products such as milk, meat, and eggs, which are obtained from livestock farming.
• Air, water, and machines are not outputs of farming, but they are essential resources and tools used in the farming process.

Additional Information

• Air is a natural resource that is required for the growth of plants and animals. It contains carbon dioxide, which is used by plants during photosynthesis to produce glucose and oxygen. Oxygen is also essential for the respiration of plants and animals.
• Water is another essential resource required for farming. It is used for irrigation, watering livestock, and processing agricultural products. It is also a habitat for aquatic plants and animals.
• Machines are used in farming to perform various tasks such as plowing, planting, harvesting, and processing. They help farmers to increase their efficiency and productivity, and reduce the labor required for manual tasks. Some common farm machines include tractors, harvesters, and irrigation systems.

The correct answer is Nityanand Rai.

Key Points

• The Union Minister of State for Home Affairs, Shri Nityanand Rai addressed the inaugural function of the 4th National Youth Superintendents of Police Conference and Police Expo.
• Bishweswar Tudu is not a Union Minister of State. He is a Member of Parliament from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) representing the Bankura constituency in West Bengal.
• Arjun Munda is also not a Union Minister of State. He is a Member of Parliament from the BJP representing the Khunti constituency in Jharkhand. He is currently the Minister for Tribal Affairs in the Union Cabinet.
• Meenakshi Lekhi is a Member of Parliament from the BJP representing the New Delhi constituency. She is currently the Minister of State for External Affairs and Culture in the Union Cabinet.

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Additional Information

• Union Minister of State - A Union Minister of State is a minister in the Union Cabinet of India who is not a Cabinet Minister but is a junior minister with independent charge of a ministry or a minister of state who assists a Cabinet Minister.

The correct answer is 3 00000.

Key Points

• According to the Reserve Bank of India, a microfinance loan is defined as a collateral-free loan given to a household having an annual household income up to ₹3 lakh.
• The microfinance industry’s gross loan portfolio has shown an increase of 23.5% on a yearly basis to ₹2.93 lakh crore as of June 30, 2022, from ₹2.37 lakh crore last year.
• Among states, Tamil Nadu is the largest state in terms of gross loan portfolio followed by Bihar and West Bengal.

Additional Information

• The microfinance industry began in India in the 1980s taking inspiration from Bangladesh.
• The loan growth story among credit providers has been healthy in the last year.
• The portfolio outstanding at NBFCs grew highest at 38.4%, microfinance NBFCs at 36.6%, small finance banks at 28.5% and banks at 9.9% during the period.

The correct answer is National Rural Livelihood Mission.

• NRLM is a poverty alleviation project.
• It aims at promoting self-employment among the rural poor.

Key Points

• NRLM was launched in 2011.
• NRLM is being implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development.
• Swarnajayanti Grameen Swarojgar Yojna was remodeled and restructured to form NRLM.
• It focuses on the development of Self Help Groups (SHG).

Additional Information

• Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Urban Livelihood Mission was launched in 2014.
• It is being implemented by the Ministry of Urban and Housing Affairs.
• It was launched in 2014.
• It is a centrally sponsored scheme.

The correct answer is Twelfth (12th).

Key Points

• Twelfth (12th) Five Year Plan (FYP) was the last official Five Year Plan of India.
• The period of the plan was from 2012-2017.
• The first priority of the Twelfth Plan was to bring the economy back to rapid growth while ensuring that the growth is both inclusive and sustainable.
• The broad vision and aspirations which the Twelfth Plan seeks to fulfill were reflected in the subtitle: ‘Faster, Sustainable, and More Inclusive Growth’.

Important Points

• About FYPs:
• After independence, India launched its First FYP in 1951, under the socialist influence of first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
• The process began with setting up of Planning Commission in March 1950.
• Joseph Stalin implemented the first FYP in the Soviet Union in the late 1920s.

The correct answer is Kuchipudi.

Key Points

• Gaddam Padmaja Reddy 
• Gaddam Padmaja Reddy, a well-known Kuchipudi dancer, received the Padma Shri award in 2022 for her tireless efforts to advance the dance style.
• Former President Ram Nath Kovind presented the Padma Shri to Padmaja Reddy.
• She is from Pamarru, a village located about 15 kilometres away from Kuchipudi.
• For nearly 50 years, she has been performing Kuchipudi.
• She is renowned for bringing to life on stage the illustrious past and beauty of the Kakatiya empire.
• The 51-year-old Hyderabadi dancer has performed in more than 3000 concerts across 100 nations.
• She was also influenced by the book Nritta Ratnavali, which describes classical and traditional dance.
• At the age of five, she started dancing.

Additional Information

• She performed and directed part 1 of Kakatiyam in 2017. The second part of it was conducted in 2021.
• Together with approximately 100 other dancers, she gave a stunning Kuchipudi performance that earned her a lot of praise and admiration.
• Over the course of her 40-year dance career, she has won numerous honours and rewards.
• The Sangeeta Nataka Akademi Award, the highest honour awarded by the Indian government to working artists, was one of her largest honours.
• She was the first person from Telangana to ever get this honour, which was given to her by former President Pranab Mukherjee in 2016.

The correct answer is Renu Singh.

Key Points

• Renu Singh was appointed as the Director of the Forest Research Institute (FRI) in Dehradun on March 1, 2022.
• She is the first woman to hold this position in the institute's 117-year history.
• Prior to this appointment, Renu Singh was serving as the Joint Director of FRI and had been associated with the institute for over 30 years.

Additional Information The Forest Research Institute

• The Forest Research Institute is one of the oldest and most prestigious institutions in the field of forestry research in India.
• It was established in 1906 and is currently under the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE).

The correct answer is Gwalior.

• Captain Roop Singh Stadium is a cricket stadium in the Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh.
• It was established in 1978.
• The first ODI on this ground was played in 1988.

Important Points

• Other important stadiums of Madhya Pradesh include:

Additional Information

• Captain Roop Singh was a famous hockey player.
• He was born in Jabalpur and passed away at Gwalior in 1977.

The correct answer is Battle of Plassey.

Key Points

• The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757, under the leadership of Robert Clive.
• The victory was made possible by the defection of Mir Jafar, who was Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah's commander in chief.
• The battle took place at Plassey on the banks of the Hooghly River, about 150 kilometers north of Calcutta and south of Murshidabad in West Bengal.
• The battle was preceded by an attack on British-controlled Calcutta by Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah and the Black Hole massacre.
• This is judged to be one of the pivotal battles in the control of the Indian subcontinent by the colonial powers.
• British acquired significant concessions for previous losses and revenue from trade.
• The British used this revenue to increase their military might and push the other European colonial powers such as the Dutch and the French out of South Asia, thus expanding the British Empire.​

Additional Information

• The Sepoy Mutiny
• ​Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Independence, was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company.
• ​Formation of East India Company
• ​The East India Company was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600.
• It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies, and later with East Asia.

The correct answer is Chhath Puja.

Key Points

• Chhath Puja:
• Chhath is a Hindu festival dedicated to the Sun god and his wife Usha in order to thank them for bestowing the bounties of life on earth.
• The Goddess who is worshipped during the famous Chhath Puja is known as Chhathi Maiya (also known as Usha, wife of the sun god).
• The word Chhath means sixth and the festival is celebrated on the sixth day of the month Kartika of the Hindu lunar Vikram Samvat calendar.
• The festival is observed over a period of four days.
• The rituals include holy bathing, fasting, standing in water for long periods of time, and offering prayers and food to the setting and rising sun.

Additional Information

• Bihula is a festival celebrated in the month of Shravan by the people of Bihar and Jharkhand.
• It is dedicated to the snake goddess, Manasa Devi.
• Madhushravani is a festival celebrated in the month of Shravan by the people of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
• It is dedicated to Lord Shiva and the monsoon season.
• Sama Chakeva is a festival celebrated by the Mithila community in Bihar and Nepal.
• It is dedicated to the love between a brother and a sister.

The correct answer is scientist.

Key Points

• M.S. Swaminathan is a renowned Indian scientist, also known as the "Father of the Green Revolution in India."
• He is an agricultural scientist who is credited with introducing high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, which helped India become self-sufficient in food production.
• Swaminathan has received several awards and honors for his contributions to agriculture, including the Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan.
• He has also been involved in various international organizations and initiatives related to sustainable agriculture, biodiversity, and food security.

Additional Information

Green Revolution in India:

• The term green revolution was first used by William Gaud and Norman Borlaug is the Father of the Green Revolution.
• In the year 1965, the government of India launched the Green Revolution with the help of a geneticist, now known as the father of the Green Revolution (India) M.S. Swaminathan.
• The movement of the Green Revolution was a great success and changed the country’s status from a food-deficient economy to one of the world’s leading agricultural nations.
• It started in 1967 and lasted till 1978.

The correct answer is The melting point of ice decreases with decrease in pressure.

Key Points

• The melting point of ice decreases with a decrease in pressure.
• The statement is incorrect.
• Melting point of ice decreases with increase in pressure because as pressure increases the molecules of ice try to maintain the ratio by decreasing their volume
• Spherical Shape of liquid droplets is due to the property of surface tension in liquids.
• This statement is correct.
• Surface tension is the tendency of fluid surfaces to shrink into the minimum surface area possible.
• Surface tension causes liquid droplets to take up a spherical shape because a sphere has the smallest possible surface area for a given volume.
• Evaporation can only take place on the surface of liquids because that is where the molecules with the highest kinetic energy are found. Only molecules with high kinetic energy are free to escape into the atmosphere.
• Liquids at high altitudes boil at lower temperature due to low atmospheric pressure at high altitudes.
• This statement is correct.
• Boiling occurs when a liquid's vapor pressure equals the external pressure.
• At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is lower, which means liquids can reach their boiling points at lower temperatures.

Additional Information

• Surface tension is the property of liquids that causes them to minimize their surface area, resulting in the formation of spherical droplets.
• Evaporation is a process in which a liquid changes into a gas or vapor phase, and it occurs when the molecules of the liquid gain enough kinetic energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together.
• Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude, and this reduces the boiling point of the liquid, making it easier to boil at lower temperatures.

Given

Initial percentage of income spent = 87%

Increase in income = 18%

Increase in expenditure = 17%

Concept:

The savings are the income minus the expenditure. A percentage change in savings can be calculated as the new savings minus the old savings divided by the old savings times 100%.

Solution:

Let income is 100

He spends 87

Saves 13

Income is increased by 18% is equal to 100 × 118% = 118

Expenditure increased  by 17% is equal to 87 × 117 = 101.79

New savings = 118 - 101.79 = 16.21

Increase in savings = 16.21 - 13 = 3.21

% increase = 3.21/13 × 100 = 24.69%

Therefore, the savings increased by 24.69%.

Given

Circular track circumference = 1500 metres

Mohan's speed = 75 meters/minute

Concept:

The time to complete a distance at a constant speed is the distance divided by the speed.

Solution:

⇒ Time = Circumference/Speed = 1500 metres/75 metres/minute = 20 minutes.

Therefore, Mohan takes 20 minutes to cover one round of the track.

Given

Successive discounts = 10%, 15%, 20%

Concept:

For successive discounts, the single equivalent discount can be calculated as:

1 - (1 - d1) × (1 - d2) × (1 - d3), where d1, d2, d3 are the discounts.

Solution:

⇒ Single discount = 1 - (1 - 0.10) × (1 - 0.15) × (1 - 0.20) = 1 - 0.9 * 0.85 * 0.8 = 1 - 0.612 = 0.388. or 38.8%

Therefore, the single discount equivalent to the successive discounts of 10%, 15%, and 20% is 38.8% or 0.388.

Given

Longest diagonal of cube = 11√3 cm

Concept:

For a cube, the longest diagonal is √3 * side. The volume of a cube is given by side³.

Solution:

⇒ Side of cube = Longest diagonal / √3 = (11√3)/√3 = 11 cm

⇒ Volume of cube = Side³ = 11³ = 1331 cm³

Therefore, the volume of the cube is 1331 cm³.

Given

Increase in radius = 20%

Concept:

The volume of a cylinder is given by πr²h. 

Solution:

If the radius is increased by 20%, the volume increases by (1 + 0.20)2 = 1.44 times or an increase by 44%.

The volume of the cylinder increases by 44%.

Therefore, the volume of the cylinder increases by 44%.

Shortcut Trick

Substitute x = 3 to find the three terms: (7×3 − 1) = 20, (9×3 + 5) = 32, and (8×3 + 1) = 25.

For any three numbers A, B, C, the fourth proportional (D) is given by: D = (B × C) ÷ A.

D = (32 × 25) ÷ 20 = 800 ÷ 20 = 40.

∴ The correct answer is 40.

Alternate Method

Given:

Variable x = 3.

First term (A) = 7x − 1

Second term (B) = 9x + 5

Third term (C) = 8x + 1

Formula Used:

If A, B, C, D are in proportion (A : B :: C : D), then A × D = B × C.

Calculations:

⇒ A = 7(3) − 1 = 21 − 1 = 20

⇒ B = 9(3) + 5 = 27 + 5 = 32

⇒ C = 8(3) + 1 = 24 + 1 = 25

⇒ Let the fourth proportional be D.

⇒ 20 ÷ 32 = 25 ÷ D

⇒ D = (32 × 25) ÷ 20

⇒ D = 800 ÷ 20

⇒ D = 40

∴ The correct answer is 40.

Additional Information

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional between two numbers a and b is √(a × b).

Third Proportional

If a, b, c are in continued proportion, then a : b = b : c. The third proportional c is given by b² ÷ a.

Property of Proportion

For any proportion a : b = c : d, the product of extremes (a × d) is always equal to the product of means (b × c).

Shortcut Trick

When two objects are sold at the same SP with x% profit and x% loss, there is always a net loss of x² ÷ 100%.

Net Loss % = (10 × 10) ÷ 100 = 1%.

Total SP = 9900 × 2 = ₹19,800, which is equivalent to 99% of Total CP (100% − 1%).

Loss amount = 1% of CP = (19800 ÷ 99) × 1 = ₹200.

∴ The correct answer is Loss ₹200.

Alternate Method

Given:

SP of first object = ₹9,900, Profit = 10%

SP of second object = ₹9,900, Loss = 10%

Formula Used:

CP = [100 ÷ (100 ± Profit/Loss %)] × SP

Loss = Total CP − Total SP

Calculations:

⇒ CP of first object = [100 ÷ (100 + 10)] × 9900

⇒ CP₁ = (100 ÷ 110) × 9900 = ₹9,000

⇒ CP of second object = [100 ÷ (100 − 10)] × 9900

⇒ CP₂ = (100 ÷ 90) × 9900 = ₹11,000

⇒ Total CP = 9000 + 11000 = ₹20,000

⇒ Total SP = 9900 + 9900 = ₹19,800

⇒ Net Loss = Total CP − Total SP

⇒ Net Loss = 20000 − 19800 = ₹200

∴ The correct answer is Loss ₹200.

Additional Information

Same Selling Price Condition

When two items are sold at the same price, one at a profit of x% and the other at a loss of x%, there is always an overall loss of (x² ÷ 100)%.

Cost Price Formula

CP can be directly calculated from SP using: CP = SP × [100 ÷ (100 ± R)], where R is the profit or loss percentage.

Successive Discounts

If two successive discounts of a% and b% are given, the equivalent single discount is (a + b − ab ÷ 100)%.

Given Data:

Mark up = 12%

Discount = 12%

Concept:

The final price after mark-up and discount can be calculated using the formula: Final price = Cost price * (1 + Markup%) * (1 - Discount%).

Solution:

⇒ The final selling price = Cost price × (1 + 0.12) × (1 - 0.12)

⇒ Assuming the cost price is 100, the final selling price = 100 × 1.12 × 0.88 = 98.56

⇒ The net loss percent = (100 - 98.56)/100 = 1.44%

Therefore, the net loss is 1.44%.

Given

Principal = ₹20,000

Time = 2 years

Rate of interest = 4% compounded half-yearly

Concept:

The formula for compound interest is A = P × (1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the final amount, P is the principal, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year, and t is the time in years.

Solution:

⇒ Here, the interest is compounded half-yearly, so n = 2, and r = 4% or 0.04.

⇒ Final amount = P × (1 + r/n)^(nt) = ₹20,000 × (1 + 0.04/2)^{(2 × 2)}

⇒ Final amount = ₹20,000 × (1 + 0.02)⁴ = ₹20,000 × 1.08243216 = ₹21,648.64

⇒ Compound interest = Final amount - Principal = ₹21,648.64 - ₹20,000 = ₹1,648.64

Therefore, the compound interest on ₹20,000 in two years at 4% per annum, compounded half-yearly, is ₹1,648.64.

Shortcut Trick

Using the rule of Alligation on the average marks:

Ratio of Boys to Girls = (Girls Average − Overall Average) : (Overall Average − Boys Average)

Ratio of Boys to Girls = (85 − 82) : (82 − 75) = 3 : 7

Total parts = 3 + 7 = 10 parts

10 parts = 60 students ⇒ 1 part = 6 students

Number of boys = 3 parts × 6 = 18

∴ The correct answer is 18 boys.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total number of students = 60

Average marks of all students = 82

Average marks of boys = 75

Average marks of girls = 85

Boys Girls

75

85

82

85 − 82 = 3 82 − 75 = 7

Ratio = 3 : 7

Formula Used:

Total Marks = Average Marks × Total Students

Calculations:

Let the number of boys in the class be x.

⇒ Number of girls = 60 − x

⇒ Total marks of all students = 60 × 82 = 4920

⇒ Total marks of boys = 75 × x = 75x

⇒ Total marks of girls = 85 × (60 − x) = 5100 − 85x

⇒ Total Marks = Marks of Boys + Marks of Girls

⇒ 4920 = 75x + 5100 − 85x

⇒ 4920 = 5100 − 10x

⇒ 10x = 5100 − 4920

⇒ 10x = 180

⇒ x = 18

∴ The correct answer is 18 boys.

Additional Information

Rule of Alligation

It allows us to easily find the ratio in which two groups or ingredients are mixed to form a combined group. The formula is: Ratio of Group 1 : Group 2 = (Average 2 − Mean Average) : (Mean Average − Average 1).

Weighted Average

When different groups have different sizes or weights, their combined average is computed using the weighted average formula: Combined Average = (n₁x₁ + n₂x₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Given

Cost per dozen pens = Rs. 42

Speed = 12.5 km/h

Distance = 175 km

Concept:

The price of n items = (cost per dozen/12) × n

Time = distance/speed

Solution:

The price of pens = Rs. 42 per dozen

and

X = Price of 10 pens 

So,

X = (42/12) * 10 = 35

and

Y = time taken to travel 175 with a speed of 12.5 km/hr

So,

Y = 175/12.5 = 14

Now,

X² + Y² = 35² + 14² = 1421

Therefore, the value of X² + Y² is 1421.

Shortcut Trick

When a value is first increased by x% and then decreased by x%, there is always a net decrease.

Net Decrease % = (x² ÷ 100)%

Given x = 13%, Net Decrease % = (13 × 13) ÷ 100 = 169 ÷ 100 = 1.69%

∴ The correct answer is Decrease of 1.69%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Increase in salary = 13%

Decrease in salary = 13%

Calculations:

⇒ Let the initial salary of Neeta be 100 units.

⇒ Salary after 13% increase = 100 + (13% of 100) = 113 units.

⇒ Salary after subsequent 13% decrease = 113 − (13% of 113)

⇒ Decrease amount = (13 ÷ 100) × 113 = 14.69 units.

⇒ Final salary = 113 − 14.69 = 98.31 units.

⇒ Net change = Final salary − Initial salary = 98.31 − 100 = −1.69 units.

⇒ Net percentage change = (−1.69 ÷ 100) × 100% = −1.69%

⇒ The negative sign indicates a decrease in the final value.

∴ The correct answer is Decrease of 1.69%.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change

When a value is subjected to two successive percentage changes of a% and b%, the effective net percentage change is given by: a + b + (a × b) ÷ 100. Use a negative sign for any decrease.

Equal Increase and Decrease

If a number is first increased by x% and then decreased by the same x%, the net change is always a decrease, calculated as: Net Loss % = (x² ÷ 100)%.

Base Dependency

A fixed percentage increase followed by the same percentage decrease does not return the value to the original amount because the base for the decrease is larger than the original base.

Given

Initial investment = ₹2,00,000

Loss in first year = 4%

Profit in second year = 10%

Profit in third year = 15%

Concept:

The net change in value after applying percentage changes sequentially is found by adjusting the initial amount by each percentage change in turn.

Solution:

⇒ After the first year, the investment becomes ₹2,00,000 × (1 - 0.04) = ₹1,92,000

⇒ After the second year, the investment becomes ₹1,92,000 × (1 + 0.10) = ₹2,11,200

⇒ After the third year, the investment becomes ₹2,11,200 × (1 + 0.15) = ₹2,42,880

⇒ Net profit = Final value - Initial investment = ₹2,42,880 - ₹2,00,000 = ₹42,880

Therefore, the net profit for the entire period of three years is ₹42,880.

Shortcut Trick

Equalize the total capacity parts: Ratio 1 (3+4 = 7) and Ratio 2 (3+1 = 4).

Find the LCM of 7 and 4 = 28.

Scale Container 1 (multiply by 4) → 12 : 16.

Scale Container 2 (multiply by 7) → 21 : 7.

Final Milk : Water = (12 + 21) : (16 + 7) = 33 : 23.

∴ The correct answer is 33 : 23.

Alternate Method

Given:

Container 1 Milk : Water = 3 : 4 (Total = 7 units)

Container 2 Milk : Water = 3 : 1 (Total = 4 units)

Condition: Both Containers have equal capacity.

Formula Used:

For equal volumes, Total Milk = (m₁/t₁ + m₂/t₂) and Total Water = (w₁/t₁ + w₂/t₂).

⇒ Let the capacity of each container be the LCM of (3 + 4) and (3 + 1).

⇒ Capacity = LCM(7, 4) = 28 units.

⇒ Milk in first container = 28 × (3 ÷ 7) = 12 units.

⇒ Water in first container = 28 × (4 ÷ 7) = 16 units.

⇒ Milk in second container = 28 × (3 ÷ 4) = 21 units.

⇒ Water in second container = 28 × (1 ÷ 4) = 7 units.

⇒ Total Milk in bigger container = 12 + 21 = 33 units.

⇒ Total Water in bigger container = 16 + 7 = 23 units.

⇒ Final Ratio = 33 : 23.

∴ The correct answer is 33 : 23.

Additional Information

Rule of Equal Volumes

When containers of equal volume are mixed, the quantity of each component in the final mixture is the sum of the components from each container.

Ratio Scaling

A ratio a : b can be scaled to k×a : k×b without changing its value, which is essential for equalizing totals in mixture problems.

Alligation Rule

The ratio of the weights of two items mixed to get a mean price is (Higher Price − Mean Price) : (Mean Price − Lower Price).

Shortcut Trick

Total work = LCM(11, 22, 6) = 66 units.

Efficiency: A = 66 ÷ 11 = 6, B = 66 ÷ 22 = 3, (A+B+C) = 66 ÷ 6 = 11.

Efficiency of C = 11 − (6 + 3) = 2 units.

Wage ratio A : B : C = 6 : 3 : 2 (Total 11 parts = Rs. 330).

C's share = 2 parts = (330 ÷ 11) × 2 = Rs. 60.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 60.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by A = 11 days

Time taken by B = 22 days

Time taken by A, B, and C together = 6 days

Total contract value = Rs. 330

Formula Used:

Wages are distributed in the ratio of the work done. If the number of days worked is the same for all, wages are divided in the ratio of their one-day work (efficiencies).

⇒ Efficiency of C = Efficiency of (A + B + C) − Efficiency of A − Efficiency of B

⇒ Efficiency of C = 11 − 6 − 3 = 2 units/day

⇒ Ratio of efficiencies of A : B : C = 6 : 3 : 2

⇒ Total efficiency parts = 6 + 3 + 2 = 11 parts

⇒ Total wages for 11 parts = Rs. 330

⇒ Value of 1 part = 330 ÷ 11 = Rs. 30

⇒ C's share (2 parts) = 2 × 30 = Rs. 60

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 60.

Additional Information

Work and Wages

Wages are always distributed in proportion to the total work done by an individual. If all individuals work together for the same duration, their wages are distributed precisely in the ratio of their efficiencies.

LCM Method in Time and Work

Assuming the Total Work to be the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the given times is a powerful technique because it eliminates fractional calculations, making individual efficiency an easy integer value.

Efficiency vs Time

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a job. A person who takes fewer days to complete a piece of work has a higher efficiency and consequently earns a larger share of the total wages.

Shortcut Trick

If two numbers are in the ratio a : b, their HCF represents the value of 1 ratio part.

Given ratio = 2 : 3 and HCF = 21.

Difference in ratio parts = 3 − 2 = 1 part.

Difference between the numbers = 1 part × HCF = 1 × 21 = 21.

∴ The correct answer is 21.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of two numbers = 2 : 3

HCF = 21

LCM = 126

Number 1 (2 parts)

21 21

Number 2 (3 parts)

21 21

21

Difference = 21

Calculations:

⇒ Let the numbers be 2x and 3x.

⇒ The Highest Common Factor (HCF) of 2x and 3x is x (since 2 and 3 are coprime).

⇒ Therefore, x = 21.

⇒ First number = 2 × 21 = 42.

⇒ Second number = 3 × 21 = 63.

⇒ Verify with LCM: LCM of 2x and 3x is 6x = 6 × 21 = 126 (Matches given data).

⇒ Difference of the numbers = 3x − 2x = x = 21.

∴ The correct answer is 21.

Additional Information

Numbers in a Ratio

If two numbers are in the ratio a : b (where a and b are co-prime), their HCF is the common multiplier x, and their LCM is given by a × b × x.

Product of Two Numbers

For any two numbers, the product of the numbers is always equal to the product of their HCF and LCM. Formula: N₁ × N₂ = HCF × LCM.

Co-prime Numbers

Two numbers are called co-prime if their HCF is 1. The LCM of two co-prime numbers is always equal to their product.

Given

A and B can do the work in 12 days together

B and C can do the work in 15 days together

C and A can do the work in 20 days together

Concept:

Work done is inversely proportional to time.

Solution:

LCM of 12, 15, and 20 = 60

A + B = 60/12 = 5

B + C = 60/15 = 4

C + A = 60/20 = 3

2(A + B + C) = 12

A + B + C = 6

Time taken by all three = 60/6 = 10

Therefore, A, B, and C working together can complete the work in 10 days.

Shortcut Trick

For equal distances, Average Speed = (2 × v₁ × v₂) ÷ (v₁ + v₂)

24 = (2 × 20 × v₂) ÷ (20 + v₂)

24 × (20 + v₂) = 40 × v₂

480 + 24v₂ = 40v₂ ⇒ 16v₂ = 480

v₂ = 30 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 30 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed from Home to Office (v₁) = 20 km/h

Average Speed for the entire journey = 24 km/h

Formula Used:

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Calculations:

Let the distance between Home and Office be D km.

⇒ Time taken to go to office (t₁) = D ÷ 20

⇒ Time taken to return home (t₂) = D ÷ v₂

⇒ Total Distance = D + D = 2D

⇒ Average Speed = 2D ÷ (D/20 + D/v₂)

⇒ 24 = 2 ÷ (1/20 + 1/v₂)

⇒ 12 = 1 ÷ ((v₂ + 20) / 20v₂)

⇒ 12 = 20v₂ ÷ (v₂ + 20)

⇒ 12v₂ + 240 = 20v₂

⇒ 8v₂ = 240

⇒ v₂ = 30 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 30 km/h.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Equal Time

If a person travels at different speeds for equal time intervals, the average speed is the Arithmetic Mean: (v₁ + v₂) ÷ 2.

Relative Speed

When two objects move in the opposite direction, relative speed = v₁ + v₂. In the same direction, relative speed = |v₁ − v₂|.

Unit Conversion

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Given

The smallest number reduced by 5 is divisible by 12, 16, and 18

Concept:

To find the smallest number that satisfies certain conditions, we need to find the least common multiple (LCM) of the given numbers.

Solution:

The LCM of 12, 16, and 18 is 144.

Let the smallest number be N. According to the given information:

(N - 5) is divisible by 12, 16, and 18

We can write this as an equation:

N - 5 = 144k

where k is an integer.

To find the smallest value of N, we need to find the smallest positive integer value of k that satisfies the equation.

By trying different values of k, we find that k = 1 satisfies the equation:

N - 5 = 144 × 1

N - 5 = 144

N = 149

Therefore, the smallest number that satisfies the given conditions is 149.

Given

Mark up = 60%

Discount = 20%

Concept:

To find the gain/loss percentage, we can use the formula:

Gain/loss percentage = (Mark up - Discount - (Mark up × Discount/100))%

Solution:

⇒ Gain/loss percentage = (60% - 20% - (60% × 20%/100))%

⇒ Gain/loss percentage = (60% - 20% - 12%)%

⇒ Gain/loss percentage = 28%

Therefore, the gain/loss percentage is 28%. Since it is a positive value, it represents a profit of 28%.

The correct answer is "Advice."

<br>

 Key Points

• "Counsel" means advice. (सलाह, परामर्श)
• Example: I should have listened to my father's wise counsel, and saved some money instead of spending it all.
• "Advice" is a synonym of "counsel."
• "Advice" means to offer suggestions or recommendations.
• Example: She took her doctor’s advice and gave up smoking.
• Other synonyms of counsel include guidance, direction, and instruction.
• The correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• "Slim" means thin or slender. (इकहरा, छरहरा)
• "Minister" refers to a member of the government who is in charge of a particular department or ministry. (मंत्रिमंडल का सदस्‍य (प्रायः किसी मंत्रालय का प्रमुख), मंत्री)
• "Scintillate" means to sparkle or shine brightly. (चमकना)

The correct answer is "Support."

<br>

 Key Points

• "Protest" means to express disagreement or disapproval, while support means to agree with or approve of something. ((विशेषतः सार्वजनिक) विरोध प्रदर्शन करना)
• Example: Students have been protesting against the government’s decision.
• Therefore, support is the most appropriate antonym of protest.
• "Support" means to help somebody by saying that you agree with him/her/it, and sometimes giving practical help such as money. (किसी को (सहमति के आधार पर) समर्थन देना या किसी की (धन देकर) सहायता करना)
• Example: Several large companies are supporting the project.
• The correct answer is Option 1.
  

Additional Information

• "Notice" means to become aware of something. (किसी बात को देखना और सतर्क हो जाना)
• "Provide" means to give or supply something. (किसी को कुछ देना या प्रयोग के लिए उपलब्‍ध कराना; किसी वस्‍तु की आपूर्ति)
• "Assert" means to state or declare with confidence. (स्‍पष्‍ट रूप से और बलपूर्वक कुछ कहना)

The correct answer is "Beseech."

<br>

 Key Points

• "Plead" means to ask somebody for something in a very strong and serious way. (गंभीरतापूर्वक याचना करना, चिरौरी करना)
• Example: She pleaded with him not to leave her.
• "Beseech" is the synonym of "Plead."
• "Beseech" means to ask for something earnestly or to beg for something. (अनुनय करना, विनती करना, विनतीपूर्वक मांगना)
• Example: She beseeched him to reconsider his decision.
• The correct answer is Option 3.
  

Additional Information

• Mourn means to mourn or grieve silently. (दुख या शोक मनाना (विशेषतः किसी की मृत्‍यु पर))
• Reject means to refuse to accept or consider something. (व्‍यकि्त या वस्‍तु को अस्‍वीकार करना (मानने से इनकार करना))
• Welcome means to greet someone with pleasure or to be pleased with something. ((अतिथि का) स्‍वागत करना, अगवानी करना)

The correct answer is "novel."

<br>

 Key Points

• "Banal" means not original or interesting. (मौलिक या दिलचस्‍प नहीं; अत्‍यंत साधारण, तुच्‍छ)
• Example: It is a banal comment.
• The sentence mentions that the person's arguments were banal, which means they were boring and unoriginal.
• The opposite of banal is something that is new and original, which is captured by the word "novel."
• "Novel" means new and different. (नया और भिन्‍न)
• Example: That's a novel idea.
• The correct answer is Option 3.
  

Correct sentence: In the debate competition he scored less due to his banal arguments, while his opponent won because of his novel arguments.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (pure): not mixed with anything else. (शुद्घ (बिना मिलावट का))
• Option 2 (timid): easily frightened; shy and nervous. (जल्‍दी डर जाने वाला, भीरु; संकोची और जल्‍दी घबरा जाने वाला)
• Option 4 (weary): very tired, especially after you have been doing something for a long time. (थका-माँदा (विशेषतः किसी काम को देर तक करते रहने के कारण))

The correct answer is "Filled."

<br>

 Key Points

• "Blank" means empty, with nothing written, printed or recorded on it. (खाली, कोरा)
• Example: This is a blank video.
• The antonym of "Blank" is "Filled."
• "Filled" means crowded, packed, or stuffed. (खचाखच भरा हुआ, भरा हुआ)
• Example: That room is filled.
• The opposite of "filled" is "empty", which means having nothing inside.
• The correct answer is Option 3.

<br>

 Additional Information

• Option 1, "Valuate", means to assess the value or worth of something. (किसी चीज़ के मूल्य या मूल्य का आकलन करना)
• Option 2, "Trembled", means to shake involuntarily, especially from fear or excitement. ((ठंड, डर आदि के कारण) काँपना)
• Option 4, "Filed", means to arrange documents or papers in a particular order or place. (काग़ज़ात आदि को किसी एक स्‍थान पर सँभाल कर रखना ताकि उन्‍हें ढूँढ़ने में कोई परेशानी न हो; किसी वस्‍तु को फ़ाइल में रखना)

The correct answer is "was one of the glorious periods."

<br>

 Key Points

• The original sentence is grammatically incorrect as it should be "one of the glorious periods" instead of "one glorious periods."
• The use of "one of" indicates that there were multiple glorious periods in Indian history, and Akbar's reign was one of them.
• Example: She is considered one of the most talented artists in the country.
• The sentence is in the past tense, which is appropriate for discussing historical events.
• The correct answer is Option 1.
  

Correct sentence: The reign of Akbar was one of the glorious periods in Indian history.

The correct answer is "accent."

<br>

 Key Points

• An accent is a way of pronouncing words that shows where a person is from or what language they speak.
• "Accent" means a particular way of pronouncing words that is connected with the country, area or social class that you come from. (शब्‍दों के उच्‍चारण का लहजा विशेष जो बोलने वाले के देश, निवासक्षेत्र या सामाजिक स्‍तर को दर्शाता है; स्‍वराघात)
• Example: He speaks with a strong Bengali accent.
• The sentence conveys that Mike speaks with a British dialect.
• The correct answer is Option 2.
  

Correct sentence: Mike talks in an American accent.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Assent means to agree or approve. (अधिकारिक स्‍वीकृति)
• Example: "The board gave their assent to the proposal."
• Option 3: Ascend means to go up or climb. (ऊपर चढ़ना; बढ़ना)
• Example: "The hikers began to ascend the mountain."
• Option 4: Ascent means the act of going up or climbing. (चढ़ाव, आरोहण)
• Example: "The ascent to the summit was difficult."

Here, the erroneous part is "you will ask him."

 

Key Points

• The error lies in the part "you will ask him" of the sentence.
• In this sentence, the use of "will" is not necessary after "if" because the verb "ask" already indicates a future action.
• The sentence is in the present simple tense, and the condition (asking for advice) is implied in the simple present tense after "if."
• Using "will" again in the second part of the sentence is incorrect.
• The correct sentence would be "He will give you good advice if you ask him."
• The correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is "If you are not ready with the song."

<br>

 Key Points

• The error in the original sentence is the use of "not" without "are."
• In this sentence, the word "are" is added after "you" to form the correct present tense.
• Additionally, the phrase "if you are not ready with the song" is more grammatically accurate.
• The correct answer is option 4.
  

Correct sentence: If you are not ready with the song, it is better to let them know.

The correct answer is "Amplefication."

<br>

 Key Points

• The word "Amplefication" is not a correct spelling and does not exist in the English language.
• The correct spelling of the word is "Amplification."
• It means to make something larger or more powerful. (प्रवर्धन, विस्‍तारण, विस्‍तार)
• Example: That device needs an electrical amplification.
• The correct answer is Option 3.
  

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Theoretical" means relating to or based on theory. (विचारों या कल्‍पनाओं और सिद्घांतों (न कि व्‍यावहारिक अनुभव) पर आधारित; सिद्घांत-प्रधान)
• Option 2: "Administration" means the process of managing or organizing something. (किसी व्‍यवस्‍था, संगठन या व्‍यापार को नियंत्रित या संचालित करने की क्रिया; प्रबंधन)
• Option 4: "Interpretation" means the action of explaining the meaning of something. (किसी बात की व्‍याख्‍या या बोधन, समझ)

The correct answer is "Reluctent."

<br>

 Key Points

• The correct spelling of the word is 'Reluctant.'
• The incorrect spelling in option 1 has an extra 'e' after 't.'
• "Reluctant" means not wanting to do something because you are not sure it is the right thing to do. ((कोई विशेष कार्य करने का) अनिच्‍छुक (उसके औचित्‍य में कुछ संदेह के कारण))
• Example: I was having such a good time I was reluctant to leave.
• The correct pronunciation is ri-luhk-tuhnt.
• The correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• Option 2: Cautious means being careful and avoiding risks. (सावधान, सतर्क, चौकस)
• Option 3: Ordinary means having no special or distinctive features. (साधारण; अन्‍यों से असामान्‍य या अलग नहीं, अन्‍यों के समान)
• Option 4: Slippery means difficult to hold or move because of being smooth, wet, or slimy. ((कोई सतह या वस्‍तु) फिसलन भरा (चिकना, गीला आदि होने के कारण जहाँ चलना या जिसे पकड़ना कठिन हो))

The correct answer is "Tell something that should be kept secret."

 

Key Points

• The idiom "spill the beans" means to reveal a secret or confidential information. (किसी गुप्त या गोपनीय जानकारी को प्रकट करना)
• Example: Don't spill the beans in front of your parents.
• This idiom is often used in informal situations.
• The phrase "spill the beans" is often used in a negative context, as it implies that someone has revealed something that they shouldn't have.
• The correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is "discourage."

<br>

 Key Points

• "Daunt" means to discourage or intimidate someone. (डराना या निरुत्‍साहित करना)
• Example: Don't be daunted by all the controls.
• The synonym of "Daunt" is "discourage."
• "Discourage" means to stop somebody doing something, especially by making him/her realize that it would not be successful or a good idea. ((किसी व्‍यक्ति को) निरुत्‍साहित करना (यह समझाते हुए कि सफलता नहीं मिलेगी))
• Example: I did not want to discourage you.
• The sentence is saying that failures did not discourage the hero.
• The correct answer is Option 3.
  

Correct sentence: My coach said, "Failures didn't discourage the hero."

<br>

 Additional Information

• Option 1: Brave means courageous or fearless. (बहादुर, साहसी, वीर)
• Option 2: Moralize means to teach or preach moral lessons. (दूसरों को नैतिकता का उपदेश देना)
• Option 4: Hopeless means giving no hope that something/somebody will be successful or get better. (निराशापूर्ण काम में सफलता या बेहतरी की आशा से रहित)

The correct answer is "Having to start all over again."

<br>

 Key Points

• The idiom "back to square one" means having to start all over again from the beginning. (शुरू से ही सब कुछ फिर से शुरू करना होगा)
• Example: We got a phone call from the lawyers and it was back to square one.
• This phrase is often used to describe a situation where progress has been lost and one must start from the beginning.
• The correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is "out and about."

<br>

 Key Points

• The phrase "out and about" means actively moving around and doing things. (सक्रिय रूप से घूमना और काम करना)
• Example: The doctor says she's making a good recovery, and she should be out and about in a few days' time.
• In the given sentence, it indicates that he is frequently leaving and returning to town to make plans.
• The correct answer is option 3.
  
• Correct sentence: He's out and about in town making plans.

The correct answer is "caused."

<br>

 Key Points

• "Caused" is the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.
• This is because it fits the context of the sentence and is grammatically correct.
• "Caused" means to make something happen. (कुछ होने का कारण बनना, उत्‍पन्‍न करना)
• Example: The fire was caused by an electrical fault.
• The correct answer is Option 3.
• Correct passage:

Isolation and loneliness caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown policies negatively ______ (2) ______ the mental health of the public throughout the entire globe. These result in an increase in emotional ______ (3) ______, ______ (4) ______ of hopelessness and extreme anxiety, which are ______ (5) ______ by variations in emotional responses and style of living.

<br>

 Additional Information

• Built: to make something by putting pieces, materials, etc. together. (बनाना, निर्माण करना)
• Constructed: to build or make something. (किसी वस्‍तु का निर्माण करना, बनाना; रचना)
• Prepared: to get ready or to make somebody/something ready. (व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु का तैयार होना या उसे तैयार करना)

The correct answer is "impacted."

<br>

 Key Points

• The verb tense in the sentence is past tense.
• The correct word "impacted" means to have a strong effect on something. (किसी चीज़ पर गहरा प्रभाव डालना)
• Example: Falling export rates have impacted (on) the country's economy quite considerably.
• The correct answer is Option 4.
• Correct passage:

Isolation and loneliness caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown policies negatively impacted the mental health of the public throughout the entire globe. These result in an increase in emotional ______ (3) ______, ______ (4) ______ of hopelessness and extreme anxiety, which are ______ (5) ______ by variations in emotional responses and style of living.

<br>

 Additional Information

• Option 1 (shown) means to display or exhibit something. (to let somebody see somebody/something. (किसी को कोई व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु देखने देना; दिखाना, प्रदर्शित करना)
• Option 2 (did) is a past tense auxiliary verb used to form questions and negatives, or to add emphasis to a statement. (किया)
• Option 3 (formed) means to come into existence or be created. (कुछ होने की शुरुआत होना; अस्तित्‍व में आना)

The correct answer is "stress."

<br>

Key Points

• "Stress" is the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.
• "Stress" refers to a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances. (प्रतिकूल या मांगलिक परिस्थितियों से उत्पन्न मानसिक या भावनात्मक दबाव या तनाव की स्थिति)
• Example: He’s been under a lot of stress since his wife went into hospital.
• The correct answer is Option 1.
• Correct passage:

Isolation and loneliness caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown policies negatively impacted the mental health of the public throughout the entire globe. These result in an increase in emotional stress, ______ (4) ______ of hopelessness and extreme anxiety, which are ______ (5) ______ by variations in emotional responses and style of living.

Additional Information

• Option 2, "anxiety", refers to a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome. (भय, चिंता या अनिश्‍चय की भावना विशेषतः भविष्‍य के प्रति)
• Option 3, "death", refers to the end of life or the cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. (जीवन की समाप्ति; मृत्‍यु)
• Option 4, "state", in this context, does not fit grammatically or semantically as it is too broad and vague to convey a specific meaning. ((समय-विशेष पर किसी की मानसिक, भावनात्‍मक या शारीरिक दशा, अवस्‍था))

The correct answer is "feelings."

<br>

 Key Points

• The word "feelings" is the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
• It refers to emotions or sensations experienced by a person. (शरीर या मन की अनुभूति; अहसास, भावना)
• Example: My toes were so cold that I lost all feeling in them.
• Grammatically, it is a noun and fits well in the sentence.
• The correct answer is Option 1.
• Correct passage:

Isolation and loneliness caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown policies negatively impacted the mental health of the public throughout the entire globe. These result in an increase in emotional stress, feelings of hopelessness and extreme anxiety, which are ______ (5) ______ by variations in emotional responses and style of living.

 Additional Information

• Option 2 (notion) refers to a general understanding or belief about something. (मन में कोई बात, ख़याल; विचार, धारणा)
• Option 3 (idea) refers to a thought or suggestion about a possible course of action. (योजना, विचार या सुझाव (विशेषतः इस बारे में कि स्थिति विशेष में क्‍या किया जाए))
• Option 4 (concept) refers to an abstract idea or general notion. (विचार; मूल सिद्घांत)

The correct answer is "accompanied."

Key Points

• "Accompanied" means to go somewhere with someone or something. (किसी के साथ-साथ जाना)
• Example: Massive publicity accompanied the film’s release.
• The verb is in the past tense, indicating that something or someone was already with the subject.
• The correct answer is Option 1.
• Correct passage:

Isolation and loneliness caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown policies negatively impacted the mental health of the public throughout the entire globe. These result in an increase in emotional stress, feelings of hopelessness and extreme anxiety, which are accompanied by variations in emotional responses and style of living.

Additional Information

• Option 2, "preserved", means to keep something in its original state or to protect it from harm. (किसी वस्‍तु को सुरक्षित या अच्‍छी हालत में रखना)
• Option 3, "guarded", means to protect or watch over something or someone. (व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु को दूसरे लोगों से बचाकर रखना; रक्षा करना)
• Option 4, "surrounded", means to be encircled or enclosed by something or someone. (किसी के चारों ओर होना या किसी को चारों ओर से घेरना)

विश्वस्त' शब्द के लिए उचित वाक्यांश "जिस पर विश्वास किया गया हो" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• जिस पर विश्वास किया गया हो- विश्वस्त।

Important Pointsकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश- 

जिसे पढ़ना-लिखना आता हो वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द "साक्षर" होगा। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• जिसे पढ़ना-लिखना आता हो- साक्षर।

अन्य विकल्प- 

Important Pointsअन्य महत्वपूर्ण उदाहरण-

संज्ञा के प्रयोग की दृष्टि से शुद्ध वाक्य "राहुल बचपन में बहुत शरारती था" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं।

Key Points

• वाक्य- राहुल बचपन में बहुत शरारती था।
• यह वाक्य संज्ञा के प्रयोग की दृष्टि से शुद्ध है।
• इस वाक्य मे राहुल व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा है।
• बचपन और शरारती में भाववाचक संज्ञा है।

Important Points

• संज्ञा संबंधित अशुद्धियाँ- 
• संज्ञा के अनावश्यक प्रयोग कर देने के कारण वाक्य में शिथिलता तथा भाषा में अशुद्धता आ जाती ह���।
• उदाहरण- 
• अशुद्ध- रामा एक बुद्धिमान बालक है।
• शुद्ध- राम एक बुद्धिमान बालक है।

रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति उचित शब्द "विनाशकारी" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• वाक्य- 'प्रकृति कुपित होकर अपना विनाशकारी रूप दिखाती है।'
• इस वाक्य में रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति के लिए विनाशकारी शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाएगा।
• विनाशकारी का अर्थ- विनाश करनेवाला।

Important Pointsअन्य विकल्प- 

स्वजाति का विपरीतार्थक शब्द "विजाति" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• स्वजाति का अर्थ-  अपनी जाति या वर्ग।
• विजाति का अर्थ- भिन्न जाति या वर्ग।
• अतः स्वजाति का विलोम विजाति होगा।
• सही वाक्य- विजाति व्यक्ति से नफरत न करें।

अन्य विकल्प- 

Important Points

तालाब के पर्यायवाची शब्द का प्रयोग वाक्य "जलाशय में कमल खिला है" में हुआ है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• वाक्य- जलाशय में कमल खिला है।
• इस वाक्य में जलाशय, तालाब का पर्यायवाची है।
• तालाब के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द-
• जलाशय, सरोवर, सर, पुष्कर, पोखरा, जलवान, सरसी, ताल आदि है।

Important Points कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द- 

वाक्य के "सुइ, कंघि" पद में त्रुटि है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• वाक्य- मैंने सुइ, कंधि, दर्पण और पुस्तकें मोल लीं।
• इस वाक्य में सुइ, कंधि शब्द में त्रुटि है, शुद्ध शब्द सुई, कंघी है।
• सही वाक्य- मैंने सुई, कंघी, दर्पण और पुस्तकें मोल लीं।

Important Points

अशुद्ध वाक्य "वह नित्य गाने की कसरत करता है"। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• वाक्य- वह नित्य गाने की कसरत करता है।
• इस वाक्य में अशुद्ध शब्द कसरत है, क्योंकि यह शारीरिक क्रिया है।
• यहाँ कसरत के स्थान पर अभ्यास शब्द होगा।
• सही वाक्य- वह नित्य गाने का अभ्यास करता है।

Important Points

• वाक्य रचना में संज्ञा सर्वनाम विशेषण क्रिया अव्यय वर्तनी से संबंधित या अन्य प्रकार की अशुद्धियां हो सकते हैं।
• जैसे-
• अशुद्ध- मैं रविवार के दिन तुम्हारे घर आऊंगा।
• शुद्ध- मैं रविवार को तुम्हारे घर आऊंगा।

शुद्ध वाक्य "तुम उसे गालियाँ क्यों दे रहे हो" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• वाक्य- तुम उसे गालियाँ क्यों निकाल रहे हो।
• इस वाक्य में क्रिया सम्बन्धी त्रुटि है, निकाल के स्थान पर दे होगा।
• सही वाक्य- तुम उसे गालियाँ क्यों दे रहे हो ?

Important Points

• क्रिया सम्बन्धी त्रुटि-
• वाक्य में क्रिया का प्रयोग कर्ता के लिंग एवं वचन के अनुसार किया जाता है, अन्यथा वह वाक्य अशुद्ध समझा जाता है।
• अशुद्ध- राम और सीता वन को गई।
• शुद्ध-  राम और सीता वन को गए।