SSC CHSL Tier-1 2023: Official Paper (Held On: 10 Aug, 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

Family Chart:

According to the given information,

The correct answer is sister.

The logic followed in the given figure series is:

From Figure (1) to (2):

The shape shown below is added to the previous shape.

From Figure (2) to (3):

The shape shown below is added to the previous shape.

From Figure (3) to (4):

The shape shown below is added to the previous shape.

From Figure (4) to Answer Figure:

The shape shown below is added to the previous shape.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Given:

(11, 122)

(32, 1025)

Logic: Second no. = [(First no.)² + 1]

(11, 122) →

⇒ [(11)² + 1]

⇒ (121 + 1) = 122

(32, 1025) →

⇒ [(32)2 + 1]

⇒ (1024 + 1) = 1025

Checking the given options:

1. (25, 152) →

⇒ [(25 × 6) + 2]

⇒ (150 + 2) = 152

2. (21, 441) →

⇒ (21)² = 441

3. (13, 170) →

⇒ [(13)2 + 1]

⇒ (169 + 1) = 170

4. (17, 292) →

⇒ [(17)² + 3]

⇒ (289 + 3) = 292

Here, (13, 170) is similar to the given number pairs.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Statements:

All summers are hot.

Some hot is water.

No water is ice.

The Venn diagram as per the given statements:

Conclusions:

(I): Some hot is summer. → Follow (Because all summers are hot, which means some hot is summer is definitely true)

(II): No ice is water. → Follow (Because no water is ice, which means no ice is water is definitely true)

Hence, the correct answer is "Both conclusions (I) and (II) follow".

Given:

3 ∶ 83

7 ∶ 2403

Logic: Second no. = [(First no.)⁴ + 2]

3 ∶ 83 →

⇒ [(3)⁴ + 2]

⇒ (81 + 2) = 83

7 ∶ 2403 →

⇒ [(7)4 + 2]

⇒ (2401 + 2) = 2403

Checking the given options:

(1) 5 ∶ 629 →

⇒ [(5)4 + 4]

⇒ (625 + 4) = 629

(2) 6 ∶ 1200 →

⇒ [(6)4 - 96]

⇒ (1296 - 96) = 1200

(3) 2 ∶ 18 →

⇒ [(2)4 + 2]

⇒ (16 + 2) = 18

(4) 4 ∶ 250 →

⇒ [(4)4 + 2]

⇒ (256 - 6) = 250

Here, '2 : 18' is similar to the given number pairs.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Given:

-4, -1, 4, ?, 20, 31, 44

Logic: 'Addition of the consecutive odd numbers'.

Here, the missing number is '11'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Logic: [First no.] - [(First no. × 2) + 1] - [(First no. × 4) + 3]

Checking all the given options:

(1) 19 - 37 - 73 →

⇒ [19] - [(19 × 2) - 1] - [(19 × 4) - 3]

(2) 14 - 29 - 59 →

⇒ [14] - [(14 × 2) + 1] - [(14 × 4) + 3]

(3) 23 - 47 - 95 →

⇒ [23] - [(23 × 2) + 1] - [(23 × 4) + 3]

(4) 3 - 7 - 15 →

⇒ [3] - [(3 × 2) + 1] - [(3 × 4) + 3]

Here, '19 - 37 - 73' shows different logic from the rest.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Here, we use the table given below:

Logic: 'Addition of 5 to the positional value of each alphabet'.

ADK ∶ FIP →

LPQ ∶ QUV →

Checking all the given options:

1. MOR ∶ RTW →

2. JKL ∶ LKJ →

3. GHM ∶ KNQ →

4. PQT ∶ QTP →

Here, 'MOR ∶ RTW' follows the same pattern as the given pair of letter clusters.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

As per the given information:

The alphabets E, C and H are common in the given data, so the code for 'T' is '9'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Given:

117, 102, ?, 57, 27

Logic: 'Subtraction of consecutive multiple of 5 from 15'.

Here, the missing number is '82'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Given:

Scatter : Combine → Scatter is an antonym of combine.

Scatter → Throw in various random directions.

Combine →  To join in a close union.

Checking all the given options:

1. Sorrow ∶ Cheer → Antonyms.

Sorrow → A feeling of deep distress.

Cheer → A feeling of joy.

2. Diminish ∶ Shrink → Synoymms.

Diminish → Make or become less.

Shrink → Become or make smaller in size.

3. Serious ∶ Insincere → Antonyms.

Serious → Acting sincerely.

Insincere → Not serious.

4. Lofty ∶ Low → Antonyms.

Lofty → Tall or high.

Low → Short or smaller.

Here, 'Diminish ∶ Shrink' is different from the rest.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Given: 'CAREFUI'

After arranging the given letters in alphabetical order:

CAREFUI → ACEFIRU

The letter that is second from the left is 'C' and the fourth from the right is 'F', There are two letters D and E come between C and F.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Given: 'SECTION'

After arranging the given letters in alphabetical order:

SECTION → CEINOST

Here, the position of the letter 'E' is unchanged.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Logic: [First no.] : [(First no.)²] : [(First no.)² ÷ 2]

Checking all the given options:

(1) 20 : 400 : 200 →

⇒ [20] : [(20)²] : [(20)² ÷ 2]

(2) 9 : 81 : 45 →

⇒ [9] : [(9)2] : [{(9)2 + 9} ÷ 2]

(3) 13 : 169 : 84.5 →

⇒ [13] : [(13)2] : [(13)2 ÷ 2]

(4) 25 : 625 : 312.5 →

⇒ [25] : [(25)2] : [(25)2 ÷ 2]

Here, '9 : 81 : 45' is different from the rest.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Here, we use the table given below:

Logic: Addition of 6 to the positional value of each alphabet.

ILMK is related to ORSQ →

FIJH is related to LOPN →

Similarly, 'TWXV' will be written as:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Here, we use the table given below:

​

Logic: Code = [(Addition of each letter's positional value) × 3]

'ABCDE' is coded as '45' →

'OPQR' is coded as '198' →

Similarly, 'XYZ' will be coded as:

Here, 'XYZ' is coded as '225'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The number of triangles in the given figure:

Here, the number of triangles is '14'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Given:

AB_Z, C_WX, _FUV, GH_T, I_QR

Checking all the given options:

1. CDEIP

ABCZ, CDWX, EFUV, GHIT, IPQR

2. YDEIP

ABYZ, CDWX, EFUV, GHIT, IPQR

3. CDESJ

ABCZ, CDWX, EFUV, GHST, IJQR

4. YDESJ

ABYZ, CDWX, EFUV, GHST, IJQR

Opposite letters are written and the series is completed.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Here, we use the BODMAS table given below:

Given:

⇒ 49 × 7 ÷ 13 - 87 + 12 = ?

After interchanging '+' and '-' & '×' and '÷' →

⇒ 49 ÷ 7 × 13 + 87 - 12

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 7 × 13 + 87 - 12

⇒ 91 + 87 - 12

⇒ 178 - 12 = 166

⇒ '49 ÷ 7 × 13 + 87 - 12 = 166'

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Here, we use the table given below:

​

Logic: Addition of 3 and 4 to the positional value of the first and second letters.

Checking all the given options:

1. RUY →

2. GJN →

3. BEI →

4. NQV →

Here, 'NQV' is different from the rest.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The mirror image of the given figure is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The mirror image of the given figure is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Here, we use the table given below:

​

Given series:

ENQR, CPOT, ?, YTKX

Logic: Subtraction of 2 from the first and third letters' positional value and addition of 2 to the second and fourth letter's positional value.

Here, the missing term is 'ARMV'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Here, we use the table given below:

Given:

153 C 65 A 13 B 6 D 85 = ?

As per the given data:

After putting the sign as per the table:

⇒ 153 + 65 ÷ 13 × 6 - 85

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 153 + 5 × 6 - 85

⇒ 153 + 30 - 85

⇒ 183 - 85 = 98.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Preparing the family tree diagram by using the following symbols:

As per the given information:

Given expression: 'T × U - V + W ÷ X'

T is the father of U, U is the husband of V, V is the mother of W and W is the brother of X.

Here, T is the father's father of X.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The correct answer is New Delhi.

Key Points

• The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is located in New Delhi, the capital city of India.
• INSA is a premier scientific organization in India, established in 1935 to promote science and its applications for the benefit of society.
• INSA consists of distinguished scientists and engineers from various science and technology fields elected as Fellows of the Academy.
• INSA conducts various activities such as organizing scientific meetings, conferences, seminars, and workshops, and awarding fellowships and medals to recognize outstanding contributions to science.
• INSA also advises the government on scientific matters and works towards promoting science education and the popularization of science in the country.

Additional Information

• Hyderabad is home to several prestigious scientific institutions such as the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and the International Institute of Information Technology.
• Allahabad is a historic city in Uttar Pradesh and is home to the Indian Institute of Information Technology, the Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, and the Indian Institute of Technology.
• Bangalore, also known as Bengaluru, is a hub of scientific research and development in India, with institutions such as the Indian Institute of Science, the Indian Space Research Organization, and the National Aerospace Laboratories.

The correct answer is It is mentioned in the 43rd Article of the Constitution.

Key Points

• The given statement "The state shall endeavor to secure to all workers a living wage and a decent standard of life" is mentioned in the 43rd Article of the Constitution of India.
• This statement is a part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), which are non-justiciable, meaning they are not enforceable by law.
• DPSPs are guidelines for the government to frame policies and make laws that promote the welfare of the people and establish a just society in India.
• The principle of securing a living wage and decent standard of life for workers is in line with the socialist principles of the Indian Constitution.

Additional Information

• "The State shall endeavor to secure the citizen a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India," reads Part IV, Article 44 of the Constitution.
• The Directive Principles of State Policy incorporate the Gandhian principles of promoting cottage industries in rural areas and organizing village panchayats.

The correct answer is The shift in the position of the ITCZ can influence the monsoon patterns in India.

Key Points

• The  (ITCZ) is a belt of low pressure near the equator where trade winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together.
• The shift in the position of the ITCZ can influence the monsoon patterns in India because it determines the location of the monsoon trough, which is a region of low pressure that attracts moisture from the surrounding areas.
• During summer, the ITCZ shifts northward towards the Himalayas, bringing moisture-laden winds from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal to India, resulting in the monsoon season.

Additional Information

• ITCZ is typically located over the southern Indian Ocean during this time.
• ITCZ is present throughout the year, but its position shifts with the seasons.
• ITCZ has a significant impact on the Indian monsoon.
• The monsoon is the buildup of moist clouds when moisture is released from the atmosphere as it cools down in the form of precipitation.
• The ITCZ is the region of the earth where air convergence is primarily observed throughout the year.

The correct answer is The US.

Key Points

• The US first introduced zero-based budgeting in the 1960s.
• In the 1960s, ZBB was formally initiated in the Department of Agriculture of the USA and turned out to be more popular in the 1970s.
• The Zero-Based Budgeting applicable today was developed at Texas Instruments Inc. in 1969 by Peter Pyhrr.
• Zero-based budgeting is a budgeting method in which all expenses must be justified for each new period.
• It starts from a "zero base" and every function within an organization is analyzed for its needs and costs.

Additional Information

• India did adopt zero-based budgeting in 1987, but it was not the first country to do so.
• Germany and the UK have also implemented zero-based budgeting, but again, they were not the first countries to introduce this method.
• Zero-based budgeting is often used by businesses and governments to identify areas of inefficiency and to reduce unnecessary expenses.
• There are two techniques for tracking expenses: zero-based budgeting and traditional budgeting.
• Zero-based budgeting aids managers in addressing a company's lowest costs.

The correct answer is Lord Jagannath.

Key Points

• The Rath Yatra or Car Festival is a famous festival celebrated in Puri, Odisha, and is associated with Lord Jagannath.
• The festival involves the procession of Lord Jagannath, along with his siblings, Lord Balabhadra and Goddess Subhadra, in chariots or raths.
• The chariots are pulled by devotees, and the procession moves from the Jagannath temple to the Gundicha temple, where the deities stay for nine days before returning to the Jagannath temple.
• The Rath Yatra is an important festival for devotees of Lord Jagannath, and it is believed that pulling the chariots during the festival is a way to attain moksha or liberation.

Additional Information

• Lord Shiva is worshipped in Puri.
• There is a famous temple dedicated to him called the Lokanath temple.
• Lord Indra is considered the god of rain and thunder.
• He is one of the major deities in Hinduism.
• Lord Brahma is considered the creator of the universe in Hinduism.
• He is one of the Trimurti, along with Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva.

The correct answer is it helps the nation achieve self-reliance.

 Key Points

• Import substitution policy aims to promote domestic industries by reducing imports and increasing domestic production.
• This, in turn, helps the nation achieve self-reliance and reduces dependence on foreign countries for essential goods and services.
• By promoting domestic industries, the policy can create job opportunities and boost the economy.
• Import substitution policy may also lead to the development of new technologies and industries, which can further strengthen the nation's economy and reduce the need for imports.
• However, the policy may also have some drawbacks, such as the risk of protectionism, increased costs of production, and reduced competition.
• Hence, it needs to be implemented carefully and in a balanced way.

Additional Information

• "it may make the indigenous industries more competitive", is partially correct.
• By reducing imports, the domestic industries may face less competition, which may help them become more competitive.
• However, it may also lead to complacency and reduced innovation.
• "it will help the consumers by providing them with unlimited choices", is incorrect.
• Import substitution policy aims to reduce imports, which may lead to reduced choices for consumers.
• However, it may also lead to the development of domestic alternatives, which may provide new choices in the long run.
• "it led to optimum allocation of resources, is incorrect.
• Import substitution policy aims to promote domestic industries, which may not always lead to the optimum allocation of resources.
• It may lead to the development of inefficient industries or overproduction of certain goods.

The correct answer is Deva Raya I.

Key Points

• Firuz Shah Bahmani was a ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate, a Muslim kingdom in South India during the 14^th to 16^th centuries.i.
• It was Deva Raya I who had married his daughter to Firuz Shah Bahmani, as mentioned in the question.

Additional Information

• The Vijayanagara Empire was a Hindu kingdom that ruled South India from the 14^th to the 17^th centuries, with its capital at Vijayanagara (now Hampi in Karnataka).
• Deva Raya II was a Vijayanagara ruler who ruled from 1424 to 1446 CE.
• He succeeded Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya, who was the founder of the Saluva dynasty that ruled the Vijayanagara Empire for a brief period.
• Krishna Deva Raya was a Vijayanagara ruler who ruled from 1509 to 1530 CE.
• ​ He is considered one of the greatest rulers of the Vijayanagara Empire, and his reign is known as the Golden Age of the empire.
• He patronized several famous poets, scholars, and artists, and his military campaigns expanded the empire's territory to its greatest extent.
• Bukka I was the brother and successor of Harihara I, the co-founder of the Vijayanagara Empire.

The correct answer is Quartz.

 Key Points

• Quartz is the most stable mineral during the process of weathering because it is highly resistant to chemical and physical weathering.
• Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in a continuous framework of SiO₄ silicon-oxygen tetrahedra.
• It is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust.

Additional Information

• Olivine is a mineral that is typically found in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks.
• It is not as stable as quartz during the process of weathering and can easily break down into clay minerals.
• Pyroxene is a group of minerals that are typically found in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. 
• Additionally, they arise in the context of touch and regional metamorphism.
• Amphibole is a group of minerals that are typically found in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. 
• Amphibole is a class of inosilicate minerals that crystallize as prisms or needle-like structures.
• They are made of double-chain SiO₄ tetrahedra that are joined at the vertices and typically have iron or magnesium ions within their structures.

The correct answer is Bharatmala.

Key Points

• Bharatmala is a centrally sponsored and funded road and highways project aimed at improving connectivity across India.
• Bharatmala aims to develop state roads along coastal border areas, including connectivity of non-major ports, to promote trade and commerce.
• Bharatmala will greatly improve the nation's highway system:
• Increase the number of 6 NC corridors to 50 (n = 6 NC and 44 EC).
• Increase freight on national highways from 40% to 80%.
• Increase the number of districts from 300 to 550, all connected by at least 4-lane roadways.

Additional Information

• The project is expected to cover a total of 83,677 km of roads and highways and is estimated to cost around Rs 5.35 lakh crore.
• Setubharatam Pariyojana is a project aimed at building bridges in rural areas.
• ​An ambitious initiative called "Setu Bharatam" would invest Rs. 50,000 crore to build bridges so that traffic on national highways can move safely and smoothly.
• District Headquarters Connectivity Scheme is focused on improving road connectivity in district headquarters.
• The Golden Quadrilateral is a completed project that connects major cities in India through a network of highways.
• ​It is shaped like a quadrilateral, with Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Chennai, the country's four largest metropolises, serving as its vertices.

The correct answer is three years.

Key Points

• As per the newly released Surrogacy Rules 2022, surrogacy couples must purchase health insurance coverage for the surrogate mother for a period of three years.
• The objective of this rule is to ensure the health and well-being of the surrogate mother during and after the pregnancy.
• It will also provide financial security to the surrogate mother in case of any medical emergencies or complications.

Additional Information

• The period of three years is considered adequate for surrogacy.
• It is imperative to ensure that the surrogate mother is covered for a sufficient period to avoid any potential health risks or complications.
• Surrogacy is an arrangement where a woman carries and delivers a child for another couple or person.
• It is a complex legal and ethical issue that involves various medical, social, and emotional aspects.
• The Surrogacy Rules 2022 aims to regulate and streamline the surrogacy process in India.

The correct answer is 1974.

Key Points

• India made its One-Day International (ODI) debut in the year 1974.
• India's first ODI match was against England in 1974.
• Their first T20I match was against South Africa in 2006.

Additional Information

• The men's national cricket team of India took on England in their first-ever international match on June 25, 1932, during the Lord's Test, making them the sixth team to be awarded Test cricket status.
• India's first Test victory did not come until 1952, a span of nearly twenty years.
• A One Day International (ODI) is a type of limited-overs cricket match that takes place between two international teams.
• The match lasts up to seven hours and features a set number of overs—currently 50—for each team.
• This format is used for the Cricket World Cup, which is usually contested every four years.
• Limited Overs Internationals (LOI) is another name for One Day International matches.

The correct answer is NABARD.

Key Points

• NABARD is the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.
• It has been accredited as the National Implementing Entity for Adaptation Fund under United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in India.
• The Adaptation Fund was established under the Kyoto Protocol of the UNFCCC to finance concrete adaptation projects and programmes in developing countries that are parties to the Protocol.

Additional Information

• ICAR is the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
• It is a premier research institution in the field of agriculture and allied sciences in India.
• NIRD is the National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj.
• It is an Indian institute for research in rural development, located in Hyderabad, Telangana.
• RBI is Reserve Bank of India.
• It is India's central bank, responsible for the issue and supply of the Indian rupee and the regulation of the Indian banking system.

The correct answer is 17.64%.

Key Points

• The decadal growth rate of India's population as per Census 2011 is 0.1764.
• This means that the population of India grew by 17.64% between 2001 and 2011.
• The decadal growth rate is an important indicator of population growth and is used to plan for future infrastructure and resource needs.

Additional Information

• The decadal growth rate is calculated by taking the difference between the population at the end of the decade and the population at the beginning of the decade and dividing it by the population at the beginning of the decade.
• A few records monitor both population growth and decline.
• And because a decade is made up of ten years, it is called "decadal."

The correct answer is Anthocyanins.

 Key Points

• Anthocyanins are natural bioactive water-soluble phenolic compounds that are present in fruits, vegetables, and grains with red, purple, blue, or black hues.
• They are responsible for the vibrant colors in these foods and have been linked to various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Additional Information

• Coumarins:
• Phenolic compounds known as coumarins are made up of benzene and α-pyrone rings bonded together.
• The actions of coumarins include vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects.
• Quercetin:
• Plant pigment quercetin, or flavonol, is a strong antioxidant flavonoid that is mostly present in onions, grapes, berries, cherries, broccoli, and citrus fruits.
• It is a multipurpose antioxidant that has been shown to have protective properties against tissue damage brought on by a range of drug toxicity.
• Naringenin:
• Fruits high in naringenin include oranges and tomatoes.
• Naringenin is a subclass of flavonoids.
• Naringenin has anti-estrogenic properties, hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic effects, and regulates bodily lipid levels.

The correct answer is Only 1 and 3.

Key Points

• Income or output are flows because they represent the amount of money or goods that are generated or produced within a specific time period.
• Both income and output can be defined over a period, such as a month, quarter, or year, which allows for comparisons and analysis over time.

Additional Information

• Income is the money earned by individuals or businesses from various sources, such as wages, salaries, investments, and profits.
• Output refers to the goods and services produced by businesses, which can be measured in terms of quantity or value.

The correct answer is If the factor income from abroad is greater than the factor income paid abroad, then GNP would be greater than GDP.

Key Points

• GNP (Gross National Product) includes the total value of goods and services produced by a country's residents, both domestically and abroad, while GDP (Gross Domestic Product) only includes the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders.
• The factor income from abroad refers to the income earned by a country's residents from investments or work done abroad, while the factor income paid abroad refers to the income paid to foreign residents for investments or work done within the country.
• If the factor income from abroad is greater than the factor income paid abroad, it means that the country's residents are earning more from their investments or work abroad than they are paying to foreign residents for their investments or work within the country.
• This would result in a higher GNP than GDP, as the country's overall income would be higher due to the additional income earned abroad.

Additional Information

• If the factor income earned from abroad is less than the factor income paid abroad, it would result in a lower GNP than GDP, not a higher one.
• Negative net factor income from abroad would mean that the country is paying more to foreign residents for their investments or work within the country than it is earning from its residents' investments or work abroad.
• However, it does not necessarily mean that GNP would be greater than GDP as it depends on other factors such as the country's exports and imports.

The correct answer is hertz.

 Key Points

• Hertz is the unit of frequency, which measures the number of cycles per second in a wave or signal.
• It is named after Heinrich Hertz, a German physicist who first demonstrated the existence of electromagnetic waves in the late 19th century
• The symbol for hertz is Hz and it is commonly used in fields such as physics, electronics, telecommunications, and music.
• Other units of frequency include kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), and gigahertz (GHz), which represent thousands, millions, and billions of hertz respectively.

Additional Information

• Seconds (sec) is a unit of time.
• 9,192,631,770 (or 9.192631770 x 10⁹ in decimal notation) cycles of radiation resulting from the cesium-133 atom switching between two levels is equal to one second.
• Grams (gm) and centimeters (cm) are units of mass and length respectively.
• According to the International System of Units, one-thousandth of a kilogram is equivalent to one gram, a unit of mass.
• Inches are larger than centimeters; 2.54 cm are equal to one inch.
• One meter is made up of 100 centimeters, and each centimeter is made up of 10 millimeters.

The correct answer is Flute.

 Key Points

• Hariprasad Chaurasia plays the flute, which is a wind instrument.
• The flute is a popular musical instrument in Indian classical music.
• The sound in the flute is produced by blowing air across the edge of the mouthpiece.
• Hariprasad Chaurasia is a renowned flutist who has been awarded numerous honors for his contribution to Indian classical music.

Additional Information

• Trumpet is a brass instrument that is commonly used in jazz and classical music.
• This brass instrument with valves features a two-turn cylindrical tube with a standard range of F sharp below middle C upward for two and a half octaves.
• Tabla is a percussion instrument that is widely used in Indian classical music.
• A tabla is a pair of Indian subcontinental hand drums.
• Drum is a percussion instrument that is used in various genres of music, including rock, pop, and jazz.
• It is a membranophone according to the Hornbostel-Sachs categorization method.

The correct answer is ethene.

Key Points

• Ethene is produced when ethanol is heated with excess concentrated sulphuric acid, which acts as a dehydrating agent.
• The reaction takes place through an elimination process, where a molecule of water is removed from the ethanol molecule, resulting in the formation of ethene.
• When pure, the gas has a little "sweet and musky" smell and is combustible.
• It is colorless.
• The simplest alkene is this one.

Additional Information

• Ethanol is a primary alcohol with the molecular formula C₂H₅OH, commonly used as a fuel, solvent, and disinfectant.
• Concentrated sulphuric acid is a strong acid with the molecular formula H₂SO₄, commonly used in the chemical industry as a dehydrating agent, catalyst, and electrolyte.
• Ethyne (acetylene) is a two-carbon alkyne with the molecular formula C₂H₂, commonly used in the welding and cutting industry as a fuel gas.
• Butane is a four-carbon alkane with the molecular formula C₄H₁₀, commonly used as a fuel gas in lighters, stoves, and heaters.
• Ethane is a two-carbon alkane with the molecular formula C₂H_6, commonly used as a fuel gas and refrigerant.

The correct answer is Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan.

 Key Points

• Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan is referred to as 'Frontier Gandhi'.
• He was a Pashtun independence activist, who was also known as Bacha Khan.
• He was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and was a follower of non-violent resistance.
• Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan was also the founder of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement, which was based on the principles of non-violence and social reform.

Additional Information

• Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India.
• He was also a freedom fighter who played a significant role in India's struggle for independence.
• Ashfaqullah Khan was a revolutionary who participated in the Kakori train robbery.
• He was subsequently executed by the British.
• Rajkumar Shukla was a farmer.
• He played a crucial role in convincing Mahatma Gandhi to launch the Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar.

The correct answer is 7.

Key Points

• India won 7 medals in the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) World Cup 2022 held in Cairo, Egypt.
• India's performance in the shooting World Cup was outstanding, and they finished second in the medals tally, behind China, who won 11 medals.
• The International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) is the governing body of the Olympic shooting events.

Additional Information

• The ISSF World Cup is an annual event where shooters from around the world compete in various shooting disciplines.
• India has a strong shooting contingent, and they have been performing well in international events in recent years.
• In the ISSF world cup 2022, India won 4 gold medals, 2 silver medals, and 1 bronze medal, showing their dominance in the sport.
• India won 15 medals in total—six gold, six silver, and three bronze—to take the lead in the ISSF Junior World Cup 2023 in Suhl, Germany.

The correct answer is Rudrankksh Patil.

Key Points

• Rudrankksh Patil won the gold at the International Shooting Sport Federation's President's Cup 2022.
• Patil is an Indian shooter who competes in the 10m air rifle event.
• He won the 10m air rifle championship in December 2022.

Additional Information

• Arjun Babuta is also an Indian shooter who has won several medals in international competitions.
• He competes in the 10-meter air rifle events and hails from Chandigarh.
• Anjum Moudgil is an Indian female shooter who has won multiple medals in international competitions.
• She represents Punjab and hails from Chandigarh.
• She receives assistance from the Rahul Dravid Athlete Mentorship Program of the GoSports Foundation.
• Ankur Mittal is an Indian male shooter who competes in the double trap event.
• In the 2018 ISSF World Shooting Championships in Changwon, South Korea, he won gold in the Double Trap event.
• In the 2017 ISSF World Shotgun Championships in Moscow, Russia, he took home a silver medal.

The correct answer is Thokchom Ibemubi Devi.

 Key Points

• Thokchom Ibemubi Devi won the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award 2021 for contribution to Manipuri Dance.
• She is a renowned Manipuri dancer and choreographer.
• She was trained by several dancing masters from an early age, including Th. Tarunkumar and R.K. Priyogopalsana.

Additional Information

• Bhuvan Kumar is a Bollywood film director and producer.
• One of the most prominent Manipuri dancers in India, Prof. Dr. Sruti Bandopadhay received a "Top" grade from National Television.
• She received training from well-known figures such as Guru Bipin Singh, Kalavati Devi, Darshana Jhaveri, Ojha Babu Singh, Ojha Gourakisor Sharma, and Prof. Jiten Singh.
• Kumkum Dhar is a Kathak dancer and choreographer.
• He was born on 2 April 1956.

The correct answer is French Revolution.

 Key Points

• The slogan of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity is associated with the French Revolution, which took place from 1789 to 1799.
• The Preamble of the Indian Constitution, which was adopted in 1950, incorporates the principles of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity as its guiding values.
• The slogan was coined during the French Revolution to represent the aspirations of the people towards freedom, equality, and brotherhood.
• The French Revolution was a period of political and social upheaval in France, which led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic.

Additional Information

• Mexican Revolution: This was a period of armed conflict that took place from 1910 to 1920 in Mexico, which led to the overthrow of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz.
• Greek War of Independence: This was a conflict fought between 1821 and 1832 by the Greeks against the Ottoman Empire, which resulted in the establishment of an independent Greek state.
• American Declaration of Independence: This was a document adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which declared the thirteen American colonies independent of British rule.

The correct answer is Mohiniyattam.

Key Points

• Mohiniyattam is a classical dance form originating in Kerala, India, and is a solo recital by women.
• It is characterized by graceful movements, subtle expressions, and intricate footwork.
• The term Mohiniyattam is derived from the words Mohini (meaning enchantress) and Attam (meaning dance).

Additional Information

• Odissi is a dance form that incorporates sculptural poses, intricate footwork, and facial expressions to convey emotions and stories.
• ​'Odhra Magadha' is the oldest form of modern Odissi dance, according to Natya Shastra.
• It originated in Odessa.
• Kathakali is a highly stylized form of dance-drama that combines dance, music, and acting to depict stories from Indian epics.
• The origins of Kathakali can be traced to Kerala and other parts of southwest India.
• A devotional dance, kathakali is similar to Bharatanatyam.
• Kuchipudi is a dance-drama form that involves fast footwork, quicksilver movements, and graceful expressions.
• It comes from Kuchipudi, a village in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

Given:

sin $\mathrm{A}=\frac{3}{5}$, 

Calculation:

Sin A = 3/5 ,

So,

Cos A = 4/5 and Tan A = 3/4

As per the question,

cos A + tan A - 1

⇒ 4/5 + 3/4 - 1 = 11/20

∴ The correct option is 2

Given:

4 sin2 A - 3 = 0 

Concept used:

Sin 60° = √3 / 2 

Calculation:

4 sin2 A - 3 = 0 

⇒ Sin A = √3 / 2 

Value of angle A = 60° 

Value of,

3 Sin A - 4 Sin³ A 

⇒ 3√3 / 2 - 4 (3 √3 / 8) 

⇒ 3√3 / 2 - 3√3 / 2 = 0

∴ The correct option is 3

Calculation:

Total income of school P is 140 + 280+ 110 + 102 + 160 = 792

Total income of school Q is 250 + 310+ 110 + 104 + 180 = 954

Total income of school R is 200 + 340+ 110 + 120 + 190 = 960

Total income of school S is 300 + 200+ 125 + 120 + 200 = 945

The percentage of income from donations out of the total income of school P is ,

⇒ 140 / 792 × 100  = 17.67 %

The percentage of income from donations out of the total income of school Q is ,

⇒ 250 / 954 × 100  = 26.20 %

The percentage of income from donations out of its total income of school R is ,

⇒ 200 / 960 × 100  = 20.80 %

The percentage of income from donations out of its total income of school S is ,

⇒ 300 / 945 × 100  = 31.74 %

∴ The correct option is 3

Given: 

A motorboat, whose speed is 20 km/h in still water takes 3 hours to cover a distance of 22.5 km upstream and then comes back to its starting point.

Concept used:

Downstream speed = Boat's speed + speed of current

Upstream speed = Boat's speed - speed of current

Distance = speed × time

Calculation:

Speed of current be U km/h

As per the question,

⇒ (22.5 / 20+U) + (22.5 / 20 - U) = 3

⇒ U = 10 km/h

∴ The correct option is 1

Given:

A person sold two items selling each for ₹42,600. On the first item, he made a loss of 25%, while on the second, he gained 20%. 

Calculation:

By selling at Rs 42600 he loses by 25 % 

So cost price will be 42600 × 4/3 = Rs 56800

Again By selling at Rs 42600 he makes a profit by 20 % 

So the cost price will be 42600 × 5/6 = Rs 35500

Total cost price will be 56800 + 35500 = 92300

Total sp will be 42600 × 2 = Rs 85200

Loss amount is 92300 - 85200 = 7100 

Loss percentage will be (7100/92300) × 100 = 7.69 % ≈ 7.7 %

∴ The correct option is 2

Shortcut Trick

Total Interest % for 4 years: Lower rate = 5% × 4 = 20% | Higher rate = 8% × 4 = 32%.

Amount 1 (Lower) = 4500 × 120% = 5400.

Amount 2 (Higher) = 5500 × 132% = 7260.

Required % = (5400 ÷ 7260) × 100 ≈ 74%.

∴ The correct answer is 74%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Case 1: Principal (P₁) = ₹4,500, Rate (R₁) = 5%, Time (T) = 4 years.

Case 2: Principal (P₂) = ₹5,500, Rate (R₂) = 8%, Time (T) = 4 years.

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Amount (A) = P + SI

Calculations:

⇒ SI₁ = (4500 × 5 × 4) ÷ 100 = 900

⇒ Amount₁ (lower rate) = 4500 + 900 = ₹5,400

⇒ SI₂ = (5500 × 8 × 4) ÷ 100 = 1760

⇒ Amount₂ (higher rate) = 5500 + 1760 = ₹7,260

⇒ Required Percentage = (5400 ÷ 7260) × 100

⇒ Required Percentage = 54000 ÷ 726 ≈ 74.38%

⇒ Rounded off to the nearest integer = 74%

∴ The correct answer is 74%.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Concept

Interest is calculated only on the initial Principal amount for every year. SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100.

Amount in Simple Interest

The total Amount (A) received at the end of the period is the sum of Principal and Interest: A = P(1 + RT/100).

Effective Rate of Interest

The total interest earned can be expressed as a single effective percentage of the principal, which is (Rate × Time)%.

Given:

Radius = 20 cm.

X is a point located at a distance of y cm from the centre of the circle.

The length of a tangent = 21 cm

Concept used:

The length of the hypotenuse is the length of Y

Calculation:

The length of hypotaneus is the length of Y

So value of Y = √(20² + 21²)

⇒ 29 cm

∴ The correct option is 3

Given:

 $x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=29$

Formula used: 

(A - B)² = A² - 2AB + B²

Calculation:

 $x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=29$,

⇒ (x² + 1/x²) - 2 = 29 - 2 

⇒ (x - 1/x)² = 27

⇒ $x-\frac{1}{x}$= ±3√3

 ∴ The correct option is 2

Calculation:

Among the following options Company 3, Product C gives the maximum production , that is 40

∴ The correct option is 1

Given: 

Sphere's diameter is 42 cm

Formula used:

Volume of a sphere = 4 / 3 πr3.

Calculation:

Volume of a sphere = 4 / 3 ×22/7 × (21)3.

⇒ 38808 cm3

∴ The correct option is 2

Shortcut Trick

For 3 years, the difference between CI and SI is: D = P × (R/100)² × (3 + R/100)

⇒ 310 = P × (10/100)² × (3 + 10/100)

⇒ 310 = P × (1/100) × (31/10)

⇒ 310 = P × (31/1000)

⇒ Principal (P) = (310 × 1000) ÷ 31 = 10,000

∴ The correct answer is ₹10,000.

Alternate Method

Given: Rate (R) = 10% = 1/10, Time (T) = 3 years, Difference (CI − SI) = ₹310.

Formula Used: Unitary Method where Principal = (Denominator)^Time.

⇒ Let Principal = 10³ = 1000 units.

⇒ Simple Interest (SI) for 3 years = 100 + 100 + 100 = 300 units.

⇒ Compound Interest (CI) for 3 years = 300 (SI) + 10 + 20 + 1 = 331 units.

⇒ Difference = 331 − 300 = 31 units.

⇒ 31 units = ₹310

⇒ 1 unit = ₹10

⇒ Principal = 1000 units × ₹10 = ₹10,000.

∴ The correct answer is ₹10,000.

Additional Information

Difference for 2 Years

The difference between CI and SI for 2 years is calculated using the formula: Difference = P × (R/100)².

Effective Rate of Interest

For a Rate of 10%, the effective Compound Interest rate for 3 years is 33.1%, while the Simple Interest rate is 30%.

Compound Interest Amount Formula

The total amount after n years is given by: A = P × (1 + R/100)ⁿ.

Formula used:

Direct common tangent = √ (distance between the two centers2 - ( r1  - r2)2

Calculation: 

Direct common tangent = D

Distance between the two centers is = 11 cm

As per the formula,

D = √ (112 - ( 8  - 5)2.

⇒ √ (121 - 9)

⇒ √112

⇒ 4√7

∴ The correct option is 4

Calculation:

$\frac{(80 \times 80 \times 80)+(70 \times 70 \times 70)+(50 \times 50 \times 50)-840000}{6400+4900+2500-5600-3500-4000}$

⇒ (512000 + 343000 + 125000 - 840000) / 700

⇒ 140000 / 700 = 200

 ∴ The correct option is 2

Given:

In a circle with centre O and diameter EF, if the two chords AE = AF

Concept used:

∠AEF = 1/2 ∠EAF

Calculation:

∠EFA = ∠FEA [ AE = AF]

And as we know, ∠EFA = 90° 

So,  m∠AEF 

⇒ 90 / 2 = 45° 

 ∴ The correct option is 3

Given:

The population of a village in 2019 was 30,000.

The increase in population rate was 15% and 25%, respectively, from the year 2019 to 2020 and 2020 to 2021

Calculation:

The population in 2020 will be,

⇒ 30000 + 30000 ×15/100 = 34500

The population in 2021 will be,

⇒ 34500 + 34500 / 4 = 43125

 ∴ The correct option is 4

Calculation:

The number of Dell laptops sold by store B is 11200 × 26/100 × 7/13 = 1568

HP laptops sold by stores E and F together 11200 × 14/100 × 3/7 + 11200 × 10/100 × 1/4 =952

Difference is 1568 - 952 = 616

The percentage is 616/952 × 100 = 64.70%

Given:

Two numbers are  0.049 and0.9

We have to find the mean proportion.

Formula used:

If One number is a and another is b

Then there mean proportion will be , ✓(a × b)

Calculation:

Two numbers are  6 and 54

Then there mean proportion will be 

✓(0.049 × 0.9)

⇒ 0.21

∴ The mean proportion is 0.21

Given:

Profit = 45& , Discount = 45% , another discount = 50%

Concept used:

Discount is calculated on market price and profit is calculated on cost price.

Calculation: 

Let the cost price is 100

Selling price is 145

The market price will be 145 × 100/55 = 263.63

Now the discount is 50%

New sp will be 263.63 × 1/2 = 131.81

The profit will be 131.81 - 100 = 31.81 %

⇒ $31 \frac{9}{11} \%$

∴ The correct option is 1

Calculation:

40 × 7 - 2 × (113 ÷ 11) ÷ 22 + 30

⇒ 280 - 2 × 121 × 1/22 + 30 

⇒ 280 - 11 +30 = 299

Given:

M is the mid-point of side QR of a parallelogram PQRS

The line SM is drawn intersecting PQ produced at T.

Calculation:

QM parallel to PS , and QM = MR

So we can say that PQ = QT

Again, PQ = SR

Now PT = 2PQ

So  PT = 2SR [ opposite sides of parallelogram]

∴ The correct option is 3

Given:

In a mixture of 178 litres, the ratio of water and milk is 5 ∶ 7

Calculation:

The amount of water in the mixture will be 178 × 5/12 = 74.12

The amount of milk in the mixture will be 178 × 7/12 = 103.81

Let the added water be x liter

As per the question,

74.12 + x / 103.81 = 3 / 4 

⇒ x = 3.70 liter ⇒ $3 \frac{17}{24}$ litres

∴ The correct option is 1

Shortcut Trick

Given:

Dileep's cost price = ₹13,230 and sells them at a loss equal to the selling price of 8 articles.

Concept used:

Loss = Cost price - selling price

Calculation: 

As per the question,

Loss = 8 SP

⇒ 8 SP = 13230 - 90 SP

⇒ 98 SP = 13230 

SP = 135 

∴ The correct option is 2

Calculation:

Sin A = 2 / 5 , Cosec A = 5 / 2

and Sec A = 5 / √21

$\frac{5 \sin A+2 \operatorname{cosec} A}{\sqrt{21} \sec A}$

⇒ (5 × 2/5 + 2× 5/2) / √21 ×  5 / √21

⇒ (2 + 5) / 5 = 7/5

Calculation:

 (3x + 2y)2 - (3x - 2y)² .

⇒ {(3x + 2y) + (3x - 2y)} {(3x + 2y) - (3x - 2y)}

⇒ 6x ×4y = 24xy

Given:

A man completed a work in 10 days and a woman in 8 days.

Concept used:

Total work = efficiency × number of days

Calculation:

Let total work is 80 units

Efficiency of a man 80 / 10 = 8

Efficiency of a man 80 / 8 = 10

If they work together the number of days will it take to complete 80 / 18 = 40 /9 days 

∴ The correct option is 3

The correct answer is 'bear'.

Key Points

• In the given sentence 'bear' should be used in the blank.
• "Can't" is the contraction of "cannot," indicating an inability or lack of capability to do something.
• "Bear" here means to endure or tolerate. In this sentence, it expresses the inability to continue enduring or tolerating the heat.
• So, when someone says "I can't bear this heat anymore," it means they have reached a point where they are finding it very difficult or impossible to tolerate or endure the high temperature any longer. They're expressing their discomfort and inability to handle the heat. 
  

Correct Sentence: I can't bear this heat anymore.

The correct answer is 'need to put away'.

Key Points

• The underlined part in the given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'need to put away' should be used instead of 'need to put out'.
• "Put out" typically means to extinguish something or to place something outside, while "put away" means to store or place something in its proper location.
• Here's why "put away" is more fitting in this context:
• "I need to put away my clothes before I leave for work this morning otherwise, I will be restless when I return."
• This implies that the clothes will be properly stored or placed in their designated locations, like in a closet or dresser. When using "put away," it indicates a sense of organization and tidiness, ensuring that the clothes are stored properly and not left out.
• So, if the intention is to ensure the clothes are neatly stored or arranged in their proper place before leaving for work to avoid feeling restless upon return, "put away" would be more suitable than "put out." 
  

Correct Sentence: I need to put away my clothes before I leave for work this morning otherwise, I will be restless when I return.

The correct answer is 'Accurate'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the given word 'Precise' is 'Accurate'.
• Precise: clear and accurate. (स्‍पष्‍ट और सही)
• Example: precise details/instructions/measurements...
• Accurate: exact and correct; without mistakes. (यथार्थ और सही; त्रुटिहीन)
• Example: He managed to give the police an accurate description of the robbers.
  

Correct Answer: Accurate.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Vague: not clearly stated, or described. (अस्पष्ट)
• General: affecting all or most people, places, things, etc. (सभी या अधिकतम लोगों, स्‍थानों, वस्‍तुओं आदि से संबंधित; सामान्‍य, सर्वसामान्‍य)
• Ambiguous: having more than one possible meaning. (जिसके एक से अधिक अर्थ निकाले जा सकें; अनेकार्थता)

The correct answer is 'Compassionate'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the underlined word 'Benevolent' is 'Compassionate'.
• Benevolent: kind, friendly and helpful to others. (दयालु, मित्रवत और परोपकारी)
• Example: His benevolent smile was topped by the warm charm flowing from his eyes.
• Compassionate: feeling or showing sympathy and concern for others. (दयालु, संवेदनासूचक)
• Example: I allowed him to go home on compassionate grounds.
  

Correct Answer: Compassionate.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Gloomy: dark in way that makes you feel sad. (ऐसा गहरा कि उदास कर दे)
• Unfortunate: not lucky. (स्थिति) दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण (व्‍यक्ति) दुर्भाग्यशाली, अभागा
• Grudging: given or done although you do not want to. (अनिच्‍छापूर्ण दिया गया या किया गया कार्य)

The correct answer is 'making a quick buck'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate idiom for the underlined part in the given sentence is 'making a quick buck'.
• Make a quick buck: earn a lot of money quickly and easily, often by doing something that is considered to be dishonest. 
• Example: You can't make a quick buck from a home truth.
  

Correct Answer: Making a quick buck.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other idioms given in options:
• In for a penny (in for a pound): something you say that means that since you have started something or are involved in it, you should complete the work although it has become more difficult or complicated than you had expected
• Fair and square: honestly and straightforwardly ईमानदारी से और सीधे.
• Bigger fish to fry: have other or more important matters to attend to.

The correct answer is 'Dilemma'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the given word 'predicament' is 'dilemma'.
• Predicament: an unpleasant and difficult situation that is hard to get out of. (अप्रिय और कठिन स्थिति जिससे बाहर निकलना कठिन हो)
• Example: He must use it wisely if his club is to escape their current predicament.
• Dilemma: a situation in which you have to make a difficult choice between two or more things. (दो या अधिक वस्तुओं में से एक का चयन करने की कठिन स्थिति, दुविधा, असमंजस)
• Example: Doctors face a moral dilemma of when to keep patients alive artificially and when to let them die.
  

Correct Answer: Dilemma.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Success: the fact that you have achieved what you want; doing well and becoming famous, rich, etc. (अभीष्‍ट की प्राप्ति हो जाने की स्थिति; यश, धन आदि की प्राप्ति, सफलता, कामयाबी)
• Offer: to ask if somebody would like something or to give somebody the chance to have something. (किसी को कोई वस्‍तु पेश करना या उसे कोई वस्‍तु लेने का अवसर देना)
• Advantage: something that may help you to do better than other people. (लाभ या फ़ायदे की स्थिति)

The correct answer is 'Regicide'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate word for the given group of words is 'Regicide'.
• Regicide: a person who kills or takes part in killing a king. (वह व्यक्ति जो किसी राजा की हत्या करता है या हत्या में भाग लेता है।)
• Example: The 55th anniversary of one such regicide passed three days ago.
  

Correct Answer: Regicide.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Sacrilege: treating a religious object or place without the respect that it deserves. (पवित्र वस्‍तु या स्‍थान का अपमान; अपवित्रीकरण)
• Rebel: a person who fights against his/her country’s government because he/she wants things to change. [राजद्रोही; सत्ता-विरोधी व्‍यक्ति (परिवर्तन की इच्‍छा से राज्‍य-शासन से संघर्ष करने वाला व्‍यक्ति)]
• Reticule: a woman's small handbag, typically having a drawstring and decorated with embroidery or beading. (एक महिला का छोटा हैंडबैग, जिसमें आमतौर पर एक डोरी होती है और कढ़ाई या बीडिंग से सजाया जाता है।)

The correct answer is Option 1) i.e., was struck by unusual.

Key Points

• The phrase "unusual wave of violence" should be preceded by a determiner.
• The article "an" is required before the adjective "unusual" to indicate one specific instance.
• Omitting the article "an" makes the noun phrase incomplete and grammatically incorrect.
• The correct wording should be "was struck by an unusual wave of violence."

Therefore, the correct answer is: was struck by an unusual.

Additional Information

• Option 2) i.e., wave of violence: This part of the sentence is correct. "Wave of violence" is a proper noun phrase indicating a series of violent events.
• Option 3) i.e., This region: This part is correct. "This region" appropriately introduces the subject of the sentence.
• Option 4) i.e., last year: This part is also correct. "Last year" correctly indicates the time frame in which the events took place.

The correct answer is 'With reference of your letter'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'With reference to your letter' should be used instead of 'With reference of your letter'.
• The preposition "of" is not typically used in English after "reference" in this context. Instead, the more commonly accepted and grammatically appropriate phrase would be "With reference to your letter."
• The corrected version uses "to" after "reference," aligning with standard English usage. This construction indicates that the organization is considering or acknowledging the contents or information provided in the letter as the basis for their decision to hire for security services.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 1.
  

Correct Sentence: With reference to your letter, the organisation wishes to hire you for the security services.

The correct answer is 'Incidentally'.

Key Points

• Among the given options 'Incidentally' is correctly spelt word.
• It is 'used to introduce extra news, information, etc. that the speaker has just thought of'. [वक्ता को तुरंत सूझी बात (कोई ख़बर, जानकारी आदि) को प्रस्‍तुत करने के लिए प्रयुक्त शब्‍द; प्रसंगतः, प्रसंगवश]
• Example: Incidentally, that new restaurant you told me about is excellent.
  

Correct Answer: Incidentally.

The correct answer is 'The coffee will be brought by the boy.'

Key Points