SSC CHSL Tier-1 2023: Official Paper (Held On: 09 Aug, 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

Logic : (6) is added to each number subsequently.

Hence, "23" is the correct answer.

Logic : Consecutive multiples of (9) are added to each number subsequently.

Hence, "157" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :-  

• First and second letters → (4) is added to the position value according to English alphabetic series.
• Number → (5) is added to the given number.

​So,

• DM 12 is related to HQ 17

​

And,

• TS 19 is related to XW 24

​

​Similarly,

• KG 17 is related to :

​

Hence, "OK 22" is the correct answer.

Logic : 

• First and third letter → (2) is subtracted from the position value according to English alphabetic series.
• Second letter → (2) is added to the position value according to English alphabetic series respectively.

So,

​Hence, "RIE" is the correct answer.

Given :

Statement given :  I + J ÷ K × L - M

So,

• I + J → I is the father of J.

• J ÷ K → J is the sister of K.

• K × L → K is the mother of L.

• L - M → L is the brother of M.

​

Thus, according to the final family tree I is the maternal grandfather i.e mother's father of M.

Hence, "Mother's father" is the correct answer.

Given : Word → KINGDOM

Explanation : 

Word → KINGDOM

According to the question :- Each of the letters in the word are arranged in alphabetical order.

So,

After rearrangement → DGIKMNO

Now, 

In the new letter-cluster formed, fourth from the left and the one that is extreme right ⇒ DGIKMNO

Thus, there are '3' number of letters between fourth from the left and the one that is extreme right in the new letter-cluster ⇒ K, L, M , N, O

Hence, "Three" is the correct answer.

The number of triangle in the given figure is shown below :

  

  

Thus, there are total 8 triangles in the given figure.

Hence, "8" is the correct answer.

Logic : (Number of the letters within the word - 4) × 8 

So,

• 'YACHT' is coded as '8'

Number of the letters in the given word is '5' i.e Y, A, C, H and T.

⇒ (5 - 4) × 8

⇒ 1 × 8

⇒ 8

And,

• 'SHALEOD' is coded as '24'

Number of the letters in the given word is '7' i.e S, H, A, L, E, O and D.

⇒ (7 - 4) × 8

⇒ 3 × 8

​⇒ 24

​Similarly,

• 'ANALYSTIC' is coded as :

Number of the letters in the given word is '9' i.e A, N, A, L, Y, S, T, I and C.

⇒ (9 - 4) × 8

⇒ 5 × 8

​⇒ 40

​Hence, "40" is the correct answer.

Logic : (1^st number × 2) + 2 = 2^nd number

So,

• 34 is related to 70

34 × 2 + 2 = 70

68 + 2 = 70

70 = 70 (LHS = RHS)

And,

• 56 is related to 114

56 × 2 + 2 = 114

112 + 2 = 114

114 = 114 (LHS = RHS)

Similarly,

• 23 is related to :

23 × 2 + 2 = ?

46 + 2 = ?

48 = ?

Hence, "48" is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given combination when mirror is placed at MN is as shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (3)".

Logic : (4), (8) and (7) is added to first, second and third letters according to the position value according to the English alphabetic series respectively.​​

Given :

• DKG : HSN

• VLM : ZTT

So,​

• Option - (1) : RBI : VYG

​

• Option - (2) : SPY : VXB

​

• Option - (3) : KTY : OBF

​

• Option - (4) : PBN : SLM

​

Here, out of all options only 'KTY : OBF' follows the same logic as given.

Hence, "Option - (3)" is the correct answer.

Logic: The difference between the given set of numbers is 63

​Option 1) 14 : 77

⇒ 77 - 14 = 63

Option 2) 25 : 86 

⇒ 86 - 25 = 61

Option 3) 31 : 94

⇒ 94 - 31 = 63

Option 4) 22 : 85

⇒ 85 - 22 = 63

Hence, "Option 2" is the correct answer.

Logic : 

• First and third letter → (1) are added to and subtracted from the position value of first and third letter according to English alphabetic series respectively.
• Second letter → (2) is subtracted from the position value according to English alphabetic series.

So,

​Hence, "FQI" is the correct answer.

Logic : Cube of (1^st number +1) = 2^nd number

​​So,​

• (1) : 4 - 125

​$(4 + 1)^3$ = 125

$(5)^3$ = 125

125 = 125 (LHS = RHS)

• (2) : 3 - 64

​$(3 + 1)^3$ = 64

$(4)^3$ = 64

64 = 64 (LHS = RHS)

• (3) : 2 - 8

​$(2 + 1)^3$ = 8

$(3)^3$ = 8

27 ≠ 8 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• (4) : 6 - 343

​$(6 + 1)^3$ = 343

$(7)^3$ = 343

343 = 343 (LHS = RHS)

Hence, "Option - (1)" is the correct answer.

Mistake Points The given options are not in sequence wise, so mark the answer carefully.

Logic : 

• First and second letter → (1) is added to the position value according to English alphabetic series.
• Number → (2) is subtracted from the position value according to English alphabetic series.

So,

​Hence, "FV 31" is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. Some flowers are stamps → Follow (As, some papers are buttons, all papers are flowers and all buttons are stamps. So, all papers comes in flowers and has some common part with buttons which whole comes in stamps therefore it is definitely true.)

II. Some buttons are flowers → Follow (As, some papers are buttons and all papers are flowers. So, all papers comes in flowers and has some common part with buttons therefore it is definitely true)

Here, Both conclusions (I) and (II) follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Both conclusions (I) and (II) follow".

Given statement : 120 - 6 + 31 ÷ 8 × 11 = ?

According to the question, after interchanging the signs :

• '+' is changed with '-'
• '-' is changed with '÷'
• '÷' is changed with '+'
• '×' is unchanged

So,

​120 ÷ 6 - 31 + 8 × 11 = ?​

20 - 31 + 8 × 11 = ?

20 + 88 - 31 = ?

108 - 31 = ?

77 = ?

Hence, "Option - (77)" is the correct answer.

Given : Word → POINTED

Explanation : 

Word → POINTED

According to the question :- Each of the letters in the word are arranged in alphabetical order.

So,

After rearrangement → DEINOPT

Now, 

In the new letter-cluster formed, third from the left and the one that is fourth from the right ⇒ DEINOPT

Thus, there are '4' number of letters between third from the left and the one that is fourth from the right in the new letter-cluster ⇒ I, J, K, L, M, O

Hence, "Four" is the correct answer.

Given : 41 ÷ 7 + 125 × 5 - 8 = ?

According to the question, after replacing the signs :

• ‘+’ and ‘-’ are interchanged
• ‘×’ and ‘÷’ are interchanged

So,​​

41 × 7 - 125 ÷ 5 + 8 = ?

41 × 7 - 25 + 8 = ?

287 + 8 - 25 = ?

295 - 25 = ?

270 = ?

Hence, "270" is the correct answer.

Given :

Statement given :  P × Q ÷ R - S + T

So,

• P × Q → P is the brother of Q.

• Q ÷ R → Q is the mother of R.

• R - S → R is the wife of S.

• S + T → S is the son of T.

​

Thus, according to the final family tree R is the daughter-in-law i.e son's wife of T.

Hence, "Son's wife" is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given combination when mirror is placed at MN is as shown below:

Detailed Explanation:

• The line MN is the mirror
• The word "yReqa27" the second letter is "R". So, the mirror image should be "

"  ⇒ Option 1 is eliminated.

• The word "yReqa27" the third letter is "e". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 2 is eliminated..

• The word "yReqa27" the fourth letter is "q". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 3 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (4)".

According to the given information,

Thus, according to the given codes 'mk' is the code for the word 'your'.

Hence, the correct answer is "mk".

Logic : (Square of 1^st number) × 2 = 2^nd number

Given :

• 5 ∶ 50

$(5)^2$ × 2 = 50

25 × 2 = 50

50 = 50 (LHS = RHS)

• 12 ∶ 288

$(12)^2$ × 2 = 288

144 × 2 = 288

288 = 288 (LHS = RHS)

So,

• Option - (1) : 4 ∶ 36

$(4)^2$ × 2 = 36

16 × 2 = 36

32 ≠ 36 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : 8 ∶ 128

$(8)^2$ × 2 = 128

64 × 2 = 128

128 = 128 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (3) : 9 ∶ 161

$(9)^2$ × 2 = 161

81 × 2 = 161

162 ≠ 161 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : 6 ∶ 70

$(6)^2$ × 2 = 70

36 × 2 = 70

72 ≠ 70 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (2)" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :- 

• First and second letter ⇒ Difference between the position values according to English alphabetic series is (4).
• Second and third letter ⇒ Difference between the position values according to English alphabetic series is (2).

​So,

• Option - (1) : NRT

​

• Option - (2) : LPR

​

• Option - (3) : EIK

​

• Option - (4) : BFI

​

Here, Out of all options 'BFI' is the odd one out.

​Hence, "BFI" is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1. For '

' element → Shifting in the anti-clockwise direction along with replacing with different element in each box i. e '

', '

', '

' and '

'.

Final series is

Hence, ‘option - (2)’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• Indian Navy Sailing Championship 2022:-
• The Indian Navy Sailing Championship 2022 was held in Kerala.
• The event was organized by the Indian Navy to celebrate Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav and khelo India.
• The championship saw participation from various naval units and teams from across the country.
• The competition was held in different categories, including Laser Radial, Enterprise, and Laser 4.7.
• The event aimed to promote sailing as a sport and encourage more people to take it up.

The correct answer is Jharkhand.

Key Points

• Ramesh Bais:-
• He served as Governor of Jharkhand before being appointed as Governor of Maharashtra in 2023.
• He served as the 10^th Governor of Jharkhand from August 2018 to June 2021.
• Prior to that, he was a member of parliament from Chhattisgarh and served as a minister in the central government.

The correct answer is 1913.

Key Points

• Niels Bohr:-
• He was a Danish physicist who made significant contributions to the development of atomic structure and quantum mechanics.
• His theory for the hydrogen atom based on quantum theory is known as the Bohr model, which proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels.
• In 1913 Niels Bohr proposed his theory for the hydrogen atom based on the quantum theory that some physical quantities take only discrete values.
• Niels Bohr's theory proposed that electrons in an atom can only exist in certain energy levels, and when they move between levels, they emit or absorb energy in the form of photons.
• This theory helped to explain the spectral lines of hydrogen and paved the way for further development of quantum mechanics.

The correct answer is Actinium.

Key Points

• Actinium:-
• The f-block element represented by the Greek symbol 'alpha' and the metallic 'rays' is Actinium, which has the atomic number 89 and belongs to the group 3 of the periodic table.
• Actinium is a radioactive element that was discovered in 1899 by Andrundefined-Louis Debierne and named after the Greek word 'aktinos', meaning ray or beam, due to its high radioactivity.
• Actinium is a silvery-white metal that tarnishes in air and reacts with water and acids. It has no stable isotopes and its most stable isotope, Actinium-227, has a half-life of 21.8 years.
• Actinium is used in nuclear medicine for cancer treatment and as a neutron source in scientific research.

 Additional Information

• Lanthanum:-
• It is a soft, silvery-white metal that belongs to the lanthanide series and is used in the production of high-refractive-index glass, as well as in catalysts, electrodes, and other applications.
• Rhenium:-
• It is a dense, silvery-white metal that belongs to the group 7 of the periodic table and is used in high-temperature alloys, thermocouples, and catalysts.
• Tungsten:-
• It is a hard, dense, gray metal that belongs to the group 6 of the periodic table and is used in filaments, electrical contacts, and other applications.

The correct answer is Lokmanya Tilak.

Key Points

• Lokmanya Tilak:-
• He organised Sarvajanik Ganesh Utsav to inculcate national sentiments among the masses.
• Sarvajanik Ganesh Utsav was started by Tilak in 1893 as a means to bring people together and foster a sense of national unity and pride. It was also a way to challenge the British ban on public gatherings and political meetings.

Additional Information

• Bipin Chandra Pal:-
• He was a prominent Indian nationalist and one of the trio of Lal Bal Pal who advocated for Swaraj or self-rule.
• Aurobindo Ghosh:-
• He was a revolutionary leader who advocated for armed resistance against the British.
• Lala Lajpat Rai:-
• He was a prominent Indian nationalist and a member of the Indian National Congress.

The correct answer is Archery.

Key Points

• Archery:-
• The event hosted at Lord's Cricket Ground during the 2012 Olympics was Archery.
• This was the first time that Archery was included as an Olympic event at LCG.
• LCG is primarily known for hosting cricket matches and is often referred to as the "Home of Cricket".

Additional Information

• Cricket:-
• It is a popular sport in England and Lord's Cricket Ground is one of the most iconic cricket stadiums in the world.
• Boxing:-
• It is a combat sport that involves two participants wearing gloves and throwing punches at each other.
• Archery:-
• It involves shooting arrows at a target from a set distance and is a sport that requires a lot of focus and precision.
• Equestrian:-
• These events at the Olympics include dressage, jumping, and eventing, and involve horse and rider combinations competing in various challenges.

The correct answer is Joint liability putting social pressure to repay loans.

Key Points

• Joint liability:-
• It means that all members of a group are responsible for each other's loans.
• Therefore, if one member defaults on a loan, the other members are responsible for repaying it. This puts social pressure on the group to repay loans on time.

 Additional Information

• In the concept of lending to groups of poor women, initiated by Dr Yunus, joint liability was used as a compelling factor to ensure a high repayment rate.
• The removal of a defaulter from the group may seem like a viable solution, but it does not address the root cause of defaulting on loans. Moreover, it may lead to social ostracization of the defaulter, which is not desirable.
• Involvement of 'loan sharks' and the use of the services of aggressive loan recovery agents (option 4) are illegal and unethical means of recovering loans. They do not address the root cause of defaulting on loans and may lead to further indebtedness of borrowers.

The correct answer is Decidious.

Key Points

• Deciduous forests:-
• The forest type found on the foothills of the Himalayas is the deciduous forest, which is characterized by trees that shed their leaves seasonally.
• These forests are also known as the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands and are found in the lowlands of the Himalayan foothills in India, Nepal, and Bhutan.
• The deciduous forests of the Himalayan foothills are home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including tigers, elephants, deer, and various species of birds and reptiles.

Additional Information

• Temperate forests:-
• The temperate forests are found in cooler regions with moderate rainfall.
• Tundra:-
• It is a cold and treeless biome found in high latitudes.
• Alpine forests:-
• The alpine forests are found in high-altitude regions above the tree line.

The correct answer is 7.1%.

Key Points

• Crude Death Rate:-
• The Crude Death Rate of India as per Census 2011 is 7.1%.
• Crude Death Rate (CDR) is the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. It is a measure of mortality in a population.

The correct answer is Sangeet Natak Akademi.

Key Points

• Sangeet Natak Akademi:-
• It is a national academy for performing arts in India, established in 1953 by the Indian government.
• The Akademi presents awards and recognitions in the field of Indian classical music, dance, and theatre.
• Some of the prestigious awards presented by the Sangeet Natak Akademi include the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, the Akademi Ratna Award, and the Tagore Akademi Ratna Puraskar.

 Additional Information

• INTACH (Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage):-
• It is a non-profit organization that works towards the preservation of India's cultural heritage and does not present awards in the field of Indian dances.
• Lalit Kala Akademi:-
• It is the national academy of fine arts in India and presents awards for excellence in visual arts.

The correct answer is Renuka Singh.

 Key Points

• Renuka Singh:-
• She is the Indian cricketer who has won the ICC Emerging Women's cricketer award for the year 2022.
• She is a left-arm spinner and has represented the Indian women's cricket team in the past.
• ICC Emerging Women's cricketer award:-
• The ICC Emerging Women's cricketer award is given to the best young female player who has performed well in international cricket during the given period.

Additional Information

• Smriti Mandhana:-
• She is a left-handed opening batter who has been a consistent performer for the Indian women's cricket team in recent years. She has won several awards including the ICC Women's Cricketer of the Year in 2018.
• Harmanpreet Kaur:-
• She is an all-rounder who is known for her aggressive batting and effective off-spin bowling. She is also the captain of the Indian women's T20 team.
• Jhulan Goswami:-
• She is a right-arm medium-fast bowler who is the leading wicket-taker in women's ODI cricket. She has also won several awards including the Arjuna Award and the Padma Shri.

The correct answer is Vaishnavism.

Key Points

• Alvars:-
• The Alvars were a group of Tamil poet-saints who lived between the 6^th and 9^th centuries CE.
• They were devoted to the worship of Lord Vishnu, and their poetry and hymns played a significant role in the development of the Bhakti movement in South India.
• The Alvars are considered to be the twelve most important Vaishnava saints, and their works are collectively known as the Divya Prabandham.
• Their teachings emphasized the importance of surrendering oneself to God, and they rejected the idea of caste-based discrimination.

Additional Information

• Shaktism:-
• It is a sect of Hinduism that worships the feminine aspect of the divine.
• Saivism:-
• It is a sect that worships Lord Shiva.
• Jainism:-
• It is a separate religion that originated in India and emphasizes the importance of non-violence and spiritual purity.

The correct answer is Article 42.

Key Points

• Article 42:-
• It states that the State shall make provisions for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.
• The prevention of sexual harassment of working women is an important aspect of ensuring safe and equitable working conditions for all employees, which falls under the ambit of just and humane conditions of work.
• Article 43:-
• It states that the State shall endeavour to secure living wages and decent standard of life for workers.

Additional Information

• Article 44:-
• It deals with Uniform Civil Code for citizens, while Article 45 deals with free and compulsory education for children.

The correct answer is It follows the Rabi season.

Key Points

• Zaid season:-
• The Zaid season is also known as the summer or intermediate crop season in Indian agriculture.
• It typically starts in June and ends in September.
• It is characterized by high temperatures and occasional rainfall, which makes it suitable for crops that require less water, such as vegetables, fruits, and pulses.
• Zaid season follows the Rabi season, which ends in March/April, and precedes the Kharif season, which starts in June/July.

The correct answer is Ghazal.

Key Points

• Talat Aziz:-
• It is primarily known for his ghazals, which are a form of poetry set to music.
• Ghazals:-
• These are typically sung in Urdu and are known for their poetic and romantic themes.

Additional Information

• Hindustani classical music:-
• It is a genre that originated in North India and is characterized by its use of ragas and talas.
• Carnatic classical music:-
• It is a genre that originated in South India and is known for its complex rhythms and melodic structures.
• Folk music:-
• It is a genre that encompasses a wide range of traditional music from different regions and cultures.

The correct answer is Mohiniyattam.

Key Points

• Mohiniyattam:-
• Mohiniyattam is a classical dance form that combines elements of Bharatanatyam and Kathakali.
• Tevitichiyattam, Nangai Natakam and Dasiyattam are the forms of Mohiniyattam dance, which originated in Kerala, India.

Additional Information

• Odissi dance:-
• It is a classical dance form from the state of Odisha, India, which is known for its graceful movements and storytelling through dance.
• Kathakali dance:-
• It is a classical dance form from Kerala, India, which is known for its elaborate makeup, costumes, and facial expressions.
• Sattriya dance:-
• It is a classical dance form from the state of Assam, India, which is known for its devotional themes and fluid movements.

The correct answer is Cr.

Key Points

• Chromium:-
• The metal ion released from tannery industry that causes acute water pollution is chromium (Cr).
• Chromium is a heavy metal and a toxic pollutant that can cause severe health problems such as cancer, liver and kidney damage, and respiratory issues.
• Tannery industry uses chromium in the form of chromium salts as a tanning agent to process animal hides and skins into leather.
• The wastewater generated from tannery industry contains high levels of chromium, which is discharged into water bodies without proper treatment, leading to acute water pollution.

Additional Information

• Magnesium (Mg):-
• ​It is an essential mineral that is commonly found in water and soil. It is not considered a toxic pollutant and does not cause acute water pollution.
• Arsenic:-
• As is a toxic metalloid that can cause serious health problems such as skin lesions, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. It is commonly found in groundwater in some regions, but it is not directly related to tannery industry pollution.
• Zinc:-
• Zn is a trace element that is essential for human health and is commonly found in water and soil. It is not considered a toxic pollutant and does not cause acute water pollution.

The correct answer is indicative planning.

 Key Points

• Indicative planning:-
• It is a type of economic planning in which the government sets targets for various sectors and encourages private and public investment to achieve those targets.

Additional Information

• Rolling plan:-
• It is a type of plan that is continuously updated over a period of time, usually five years. It is used in India for economic planning.
• Decentralized planning:-
• It is a type of planning in which local communities are involved in decision-making and resource allocation.
• Centralized planning:-
• It is a type of planning in which the government controls all aspects of the economy, including resource allocation and production. It was commonly used in communist countries.

The correct answer is R Praggnanandhaa.

Key Points

• R Praggnanandhaa:-
• He defeated Magnus Carlsen and became the runner up in the FTX Crypto Cup 2022.
• Magnus Carlsen:-
• He is a Norwegian chess grandmaster and the current world chess champion.

Additional Information

• Saket Myneni:-
• He is an Indian tennis player, not a chess player.
• Vishwanathan Anand:-
• He is an Indian chess grandmaster, but he did not participate in the FTX Crypto Cup 2022.
• P Harikrishna:-
• He is an Indian chess grandmaster, but he did not defeat Magnus Carlsen in the FTX Crypto Cup 2022.

The correct answer is Net inidirect taxes.

Key Points

• Indirect taxes:-
• These will be subtracted from NNP at market price in the estimation of national income.
• Net indirect taxes refer to the taxes levied on the production and sale of goods and services, which are not directly included in the price of the product.

Additional Information

• Depreciation:-
• It is already accounted for in NNP at market price, hence it is not subtracted again.
• Net product taxes and net production taxes:-
• These are not subtracted from NNP at market price, they are already included in it.
• Estimation of national income:-
• It involves calculating the total income earned by all individuals and businesses in a country during a given period of time.

The correct answer is Sentinel surveillance.

Key Points

• Missing cases of disease:-

• It refer to cases that have not been reported to health authorities.

• Surveillance:-

• It is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data on a health event for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve health.

• The four types of surveillance are overt, passive, active, and sentinel.

• Sentinel surveillance is specifically aimed at identifying missing cases of disease.

Additional Information

• Overt surveillance:-
• It is a type of surveillance in which data collection is conducted openly and with full knowledge of those being monitored.
• Passive surveillance:-
• It is a type of surveillance in which data is collected from existing sources, such as hospitals and clinics, without active reporting by healthcare providers.
• Active surveillance:-
• It is a type of surveillance in which healthcare providers are contacted regularly to report specific conditions.

The correct answer is Article 49.

Key Points

• Article 49:-
• It protects monuments or a place of artistic or historical interest.
• This article directs the state to protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historical interest declared by or under law made by Parliament.
• The protection includes maintenance, preservation, and restoration of such monuments or places.
• The objective behind this article is to safeguard India's rich cultural heritage and history for future generations.

Additional Information

• Article 48: Directs the state to organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines.
• Article 50: Requires the state to separate the judiciary from the executive.
• Article 51: Lays down the directive principles of state policy related to international relations and promoting respect for international law.

The correct answer is Only i and iii.

Key Points

• EShakti:-
• The EShakti project aimed to digitise the financial and non-financial data of all the SHGS.
• The EShakti project did not aim to bring awareness about Digital India among the farmers.
• The EShakti project was launched by NABARD in March 2015.

NABARD stands for National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.

• SHGS stands for Self Help Groups.

The correct answer is taxes reduce the MPC.

Key Points

• Proportional taxes:-
• A proportional tax is one where everyone pays the same percentage of their income in taxes. This means that as income increases, so does the amount of tax paid.
• It would help to reduce the autonomous expenditure multiplier because taxes reduce the MPC.
• The MPC, or marginal propensity to consume, is the fraction of additional income that a person or household spends. When taxes increase, disposable income decreases, which in turn reduces the MPC.
• By reducing the MPC, proportional taxes can help to stabilize the economy by dampening the effects of fluctuations in autonomous expenditure, such as changes in investment or government spending.
• Other types of taxes, such as regressive taxes (where lower-income people pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes) or progressive taxes (where higher-income people pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes), could have different effects on the MPC and the autonomous expenditure multiplier.

The correct answer is Abdel Fattah El Sisi.

The Question is about 2023. In 2024 President Emmanuel Macron (France) was the chief guest on Republic Day Parade.

 

Key Points

• Abdel Fattah El Sisi:-
• Abdel Fattah El Sisi is the current President of Egypt, having assumed office in 2014.
• He was the Chief guest on 26^th January 2023 Republic Day Parade.
• As the Chief guest on India's Republic Day Parade, he would have been accorded a ceremonial welcome and given the opportunity to witness India's military might and cultural diversity on display.
• India invites a prominent world leader as the Chief guest for its Republic Day Parade every year, and this is seen as a gesture of friendship and diplomatic outreach.

Additional Information

• Cyril Ramaphosa:-
• He is the current President of South Africa, and he was the Chief guest at India's Republic Day Parade in 2019.
• Shinzo Abe:-
• He is a former Prime Minister of Japan who served in that role from 2012 to 2020. He was the Chief guest at India's Republic Day Parade in 2014 and again in 2018.
• Jair Bolsonaro:-
• He is the current President of Brazil, having taken office in 2019. He has not yet been invited as the Chief guest for India's Republic Day Parade.

Given:

Volume of sphere = 4500 π

Formula used:

Volume of sphere = (4/3) × π × r³

Calculation:

Volume of sphere = 4500 π 

⇒ (4/3) × π × r3 = 4500 π

⇒ (4/3) × r3 = 4500

⇒ r³ = 45 × 25 × 3

⇒ r = 15

Surface area of sphere = 4 × π × r²

⇒ 4 ×  (15)² × π

⇒ 4 × 225 × π = 900 π 

∴ The correct answer is 900 π.   

সেমি2

Given:

Let a =  $\frac{1}{3}$rd of 15 = 5

b =  $\frac{4}{5}$th of 25 = 20

c =  $\frac{3}{7}$th of 35 = 15

Concept used:

If a : b :: c : d then,

fourth proportional (d) = (b × c)/a

Calculation:

5 : 20 : : 15 : x

⇒ x = (20 × 15)/5 

⇒ x = 60

∴ The correct answer is 60.

Given:

ΔABC ∼ ΔPQR

Perimeter of ΔABC : Perimeter of ΔPQR = 36 ∶ 23

QR = 3.8 cm

Formula used:

If ΔABC ∼ ΔPQR

Perimeter of ΔABC/Perimeter of ΔPQR = Side of ΔABC/side of ΔPQR

Calculation:

ΔABC ∼ ΔPQR

Perimeter of ΔABC / Perimeter of ΔPQR = BC/QR

⇒ 36/23 = BC/3.8

⇒ BC = (36 × 3.8)/23

⇒ BC = 684/115 = 5$\frac{109}{115}$ cm

∴ The correct answer is 5$\frac{109}{115}$ cm.

Calculation:

Road accident cases in serious in the year 2016 = 50

Road accident cases in serious in the year 2017 = 30

Percentage reduction = {(50 - 30) × 100}/50

⇒ {20 × 100}/50 = 40%

∴ The correct answer is 40%.

Shortcut Trick

Divide the given equation x² − 4x − 1 = 0 by x to get x − 1/x = 4.

Use the direct algebraic shortcut: if x − 1/x = k, then x² + 1/x² = k² + 2.

Here, k = 4, so x² + 1/x² = 4² + 2 = 18.

Substitute this value in the required expression (x² + 1/x² − 5) : 18 − 5 = 13.

∴ The correct answer is 13.

Alternate Method

Given:

x² − 4x − 1 = 0

Formula Used:

(a − b)² = a² + b² − 2ab

Calculations:

Divide the entire given equation by x:

⇒ (x² / x) − (4x / x) − (1 / x) = 0

⇒ x − 4 − 1/x = 0

⇒ x − 1/x = 4

Squaring both sides of the equation:

⇒ (x − 1/x)² = 4²

⇒ x² + 1/x² − 2(x)(1/x) = 16

⇒ x² + 1/x² − 2 = 16

⇒ x² + 1/x² = 16 + 2

⇒ x² + 1/x² = 18

We need to find the value of x² + 1/x² − 5:

⇒ 18 − 5 = 13

∴ The correct answer is 13.

Additional Information

Algebraic Identities for Squares

If x + 1/x = k, then x² + 1/x² = k² − 2. Similarly, if x − 1/x = k, then x² + 1/x² = k² + 2.

Algebraic Identities for Cubes

If x + 1/x = k, then x³ + 1/x³ = k³ − 3k. If x − 1/x = k, then x³ − 1/x³ = k³ + 3k.

Sign Conversion Rule

The identity (x + 1/x)² − (x − 1/x)² = 4 can be used to switch signs. This implies if x + 1/x = k, then x − 1/x = √(k² − 4).

Given:

Simple interest (S.I) = (1/4) × Principal (P)

Rate (R) = 4 × Time (T)

Formula used:

S.I = (P × R × T)/100

Calculation:

S.I = (P × R × T)/100

⇒ (1/4) × P = (P × 4 × T × T)/100

⇒ T² = 25/4

⇒ T = √(25/4) = 2.5 years

Rate = 2.5 × 4 = 10%

New rate = (10 + 2)% = 12%

Now,

S.I = (P × R × T)/100

⇒ (3600 × 12 × 6)/100

⇒ 36 × 12 × 6 = Rs.2592

∴ The correct answer is Rs.2592.

Given:

$\frac{sin, θ-cos, θ}{sin, θ+cos, θ}=\frac{4}{5}$

Concept used:

By componendo & dividendo rule:

⇒ (a + b)/(a - b) = p/q

⇒ a/b = (p + q)/(p - q)

By Pythagorean theorem:

H2 = P2 + B2

Where P = perpendicular ; B = base

and H = hypotenuse

Calculation:

(sin θ + cos θ)/(sin θ - cos θ) = 5/4

By componendo & dividendo rule:

⇒ Sin θ/cos θ = (5 + 4)/(5 - 4)

⇒ Tan θ = 9

Here, P = 9 & B = 1

By Pythagorean theorem:

H² = P² + B²

⇒ H =  √(9²  + 1) 

⇒ H = √82

$\frac{cosec^2\theta}{2-cosec^2\theta}$

⇒ (√82/9)²/{2 - (√82/9)2}

⇒ (82/81)/{2 - 82/81}

⇒ (82/81)/{(162 - 82)/81}

⇒ (82/81)/{(80/81}

⇒ 82/80 = $\frac{41}{40}$

∴ The correct answer is $\frac{41}{40}$.

Given:

Anil covers his 35% of journey with speed = 70 km/h

Covers 40% of the journey with speed = 80 km/h

Remaining distance at speed = 50 km/h

Formula used:

Average speed = total distance/total time taken

Calculation:

Let Anil covers total distance = 100 km

Time taken by Anil to cover 35 km = 35/70 = 1/2 h

Time taken by Anil to cover the next 40 km = 40/80 = 1/2 h

Time taken by Anil to cover the remaining 25 km = 25/50 = 1/2 h

Average speed = total distance/total time taken

⇒ 100/(0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5)

⇒ 1000/15

⇒ 200/3 = 66$\frac{2}{3}$ km/h

∴ The correct answer is  66$\frac{2}{3}$ km/h.

Given:

ΔPQR is right angled at Q.

∠Q = 90°

PQ = 12 cm, PR = 13 cm

Concept used:

By Pythagoras theorem

⇒ H² = P² + B²

Tan θ = P/B, cot θ = B/P

Where H = hypotenuse ; P = perpendicular ; B = base

Calculation:

By Pythagoras theorem

⇒ H2 = P2 + B2

⇒ (13)² = (12)² + B²

⇒ B² = (169 - 144)

⇒ B = √25 = 5

Tan P = QR/PQ = 5/12

Cot R = QR/PQ =5/12

Tan P + cot R

⇒ (5/12) + (5/12)

⇒ 10/12

∴ The correct answer is 10/12.

Given:

Fan marked price (M.P) =  ₹1,700

Discount % = 15%

Concept used:

If discount is given then,

M.P : S.P = 100 : (100 - D)

Where S.P = selling price

Calculation:

Discount (D)% = 15%

M.P : S.P = 100 : 85 = 20 : 17

Now,

​⇒ 20 units = 1700

​⇒ 17 units = (1700 × 17)/20 = 1445

∴ The correct answer is ₹1445.

Shortcut TrickCalculation:

Selling price (S.P) = Marked price (M.P) × (100 - D)%

​⇒ 1700 × (100 - 15)%

​⇒ 1700 × 85%

​⇒ 1445

∴ The correct answer is ₹1445.

Given:

Marked price (M.P) = 125% × cost price (C.P)

Discount (D)% = 12%

Concept used:

if discount is D% then,

M.P : S.P = 100 : (100 - D)

Where S.P = selling price

Calculation:

Discount % = 12%

M.P : S.P = 100 : 88 = 25 : 22

And

C.P : M.P = 100 : 125 = 4 : 5

Marked price (M.P) must be same

C.P : M.P = (4 : 5) × 5 = 20 : 25

So, C.P : M.P : S.P = 20 : 25 : 22

Profit% = {(22 - 20) × 100}/20

⇒ 200/20 = 10%

∴ The correct answer is 10%.

Shortcut TrickCalculation:

Profit% = 25 - 12 - {(25 × 12)/100}

⇒ 13 - 3 = 10%

∴ The correct answer is 10%.

Given:

Divisor = 7

Remainder = 2

Formula used:

Dividend = (divisor × quotient) + remainder

Calculation:

Dividend = (divisor × quotient) + remainder

⇒ n = (7 × q) + 2

Multiply both sides by 9

⇒ 9n = (63 × q) + 18

(63 × q) is divisible by 7.

So, the remainder of 18/7 = 4.

∴ The correct answer is 4.

Calculation:

Aerated drinks sold by company A = 250 + 200 + 260 + 275 = 985

Aerated drinks sold by company B = 200 + 230 + 210 + 175 = 815

Aerated drinks sold by company C = 140 + 170 + 195 + 190 = 695

Aerated drinks sold by company D = 115 + 120 + 135 + 155 = 525

Clearly shows that company A sold most number of aerated drinks from 2019 to 2022.

∴ The correct option is 3.

Calculation:

The longest chord of a circle is its diameter.

∴ The correct option is 3.

Shortcut Trick

For 2 years, the difference between CI and SI is calculated directly as: D = P × (R/100)²

⇒ 162 = P × (9/100)²

⇒ 162 = P × (81 ÷ 10000)

⇒ P = (162 × 10000) ÷ 81

⇒ P = 2 × 10000 = 20000

∴ The correct answer is ₹20000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Rate (R) = 9% per annum

Time (T) = 2 years

CI − SI = ₹162

Principal P

9% 9%

Yr 1: 9% of P

Yr 2: 9% of P

9%

Diff = ₹162

CI − SI = 9% of 9% of P

Formula Used:

Effective SI Rate = R × T

Effective CI Rate (for 2 years) = R + R + (R × R) ÷ 100

Calculations:

⇒ Let the principal amount be P.

⇒ Effective SI rate for 2 years = 9% × 2 = 18%

⇒ Effective CI rate for 2 years = 9% + 9% + (9 × 9) ÷ 100 = 18.81%

⇒ Difference in effective rates = 18.81% − 18% = 0.81%

⇒ 0.81% of P = 162

⇒ (0.81 ÷ 100) × P = 162

⇒ P = (162 × 100) ÷ 0.81

⇒ P = 16200 ÷ 0.81 = 20000

∴ The correct answer is ₹20000.

Additional Information

Difference between CI and SI for 3 years

The formula for the difference between CI and SI for 3 years is D = P × (R/100)² × (3 + R/100).

Effective Rate of Compound Interest

For 2 years, the effective compound interest rate can be calculated quickly using the successive percentage change formula: R_eff = a + b + (a × b) ÷ 100.

Core Concept of Difference

In the first year, SI and CI are always identical. The difference for two years arises entirely because of the interest earned on the first year's interest.

Given:

Radius of 1^st circle = 36 cm

Radius of 2^nd circle = 16 cm

Formula used:

If two circle touches each other externally and a common tangent is passing then,

Length of common tangent = √(4 × r₁ × r₂)

Calculation:

Length of common tangent (PQ) = √(4 × 36 × 16)

⇒ 2 × 6 × 4 = 48 cm

∴ The correct answer is 48 cm.

Given:

AB and CD are two chords intersect inside the circle.

AF = 2.4 cm ; BF = 1.8 cm ; CD = 5.7 cm

Concept used:

If two chords namely AB and PQ intersect inside the circle M, then

AM × MB = PM × MQ

Calculation:

 

AB and CD are two chords that intersect inside the circle at F.

⇒ AF × FB = CF × DF

⇒ 2.4 × 1.8 = x × (5.7 - x)

⇒ 5.75x - x² = 4.32

⇒ x² - 5.7x + 4.32 = 0

⇒ x² - 4.8x - 0.9x + 4.32 = 0

⇒ x (x - 4.8) - 0.9 (x - 4.8)

⇒ (x - 0.9) × (x - 4.8)

Longer segment (x) = 4.8 cm

∴ The correct answer is 4.8 cm.

Formula used:

(a - b)² = a² + b² - 2ab

a² - b² = (a + b) (a - b)

Calculation:

⇒ 4x2 - y2 + 6y - 9

⇒ 4x2 - (y2 - 6y + 9)

⇒ 4x2 - (y - 3)²

⇒ (2x)² - (y - 3)2

⇒ (2x + y - 3) (2x - y + 3)

∴ The correct answer is (2x + y - 3) (2x - y + 3).

Given:

Expenditure of A = 68% × income

Concept used:

Income = expenditure + savings

Calculation:

Let A's income = Rs.100

Income = expenditure + savings

⇒ 100 = 68 + 32

Now income increases with 25% and saving increases by 15%.

⇒ 125 = 88.2 + 36.8

Percentage increment in expenses = {(88.2 - 68)× 100}/68

⇒ {20.2 × 100}/68

⇒ {20.2 × 25}/17 

⇒ 505/17 = 29$\frac{12}{17}$%

∴ The correct answer is 29$\frac{12}{17}$%.

Calculation:

⇒ (25 + 15)% = 45 lakh

⇒ 1% = 45/40

⇒ 18% = (45 × 18)/40 = 20.25 Lakh

∴ The correct answer is ₹20,25,000.

Given:

tan A = $\frac{1}{2}$ 

tan B = $\frac{1}{3}$

Formula used:

Tan (A + B) = (tan A + tan B)/{1 - (tan A × tan B)}

Tan 45° = 1

Calculation:

Tan (A + B) = (tan A + tan B)/{1 - (tan A × tan B)}

⇒ (1/2) + (1/3)/{1 - (1/6)}

⇒ (5/6)/{5/6}

⇒ Tan (A + B) = 1

⇒ Tan (A + B) = tan 45°

So, A + B = 45°

∴ The correct answer is 45°.

Given:

Profit % = 5%

Concept used:

Cost price is always constant.

If profit is P% then,

C.P : S.P = 100 : (100 + P%) 

Where C.P = cost price

and S.P = Selling price

Calculation:

Profit % = 5%

C.P : S.P = 100 : 105

Now, profit is changes to 10%

C.P : S.P = 100 : 110

According to the question:

⇒ (110 - 105) = 5 units = 175

⇒ 1 unit = 175/5 = 35

⇒ 100 units = 3500

Selling Price of the good = 105 × 35

⇒ Rs. 3675

∴ The correct answer is 3675.

Given:

x = $(√6-1)^{\frac{1}{3}}$

Formula used:

(a - b)³ = a³ - b³ - 3ab × (a - b)

Calculation:

x = $(√6-1)^{\frac{1}{3}}$

Cube both sides

⇒ x³ = √6 - 1

putting the value of x in inverse

(1/x³) = 1/(√6 - 1)

⇒ (√6 + 1)/(√6)² - 1

⇒ (√6 + 1)/5

Putting the values in the equation:

$\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)^3+3\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)$

⇒ x³ - (1/x³) - 3(x - 1/x) + 3(x - 1/x)

⇒ √6 - 1 -  {(√6 + 1)/5}

⇒ (5√6 - 5 - √6 - 1)/5

⇒ (4√6 - 6)/5

∴ The correct answer is $\frac{4\sqrt6-6}{5}$.

Given:

Time taken to do a piece of work by X = 14 days

Time taken to do a piece of work by Y = 28 days

Time taken to do a piece of work by Z = 42 days

Concept used:

Total work = efficiency × time

Calculation:

Now,

Time taken to complete the work together = 84/11 = 7$\frac{7}{11}$ days.

∴ The correct answer is 7$\frac{7}{11}$ days.

Shortcut Trick

Cost Price (CP) of the mixture = 20 × (100 ÷ 125) = ₹16 per kg.

By alligation rule, Ratio = (16 − 14)  ∶  (23 − 16) = 2  ∶  7.

∴ The correct answer is 2  ∶  7.

Alternate Method

Given:

Price of 1^st variety of wheat = ₹23/kg

Price of 2^nd variety of wheat = ₹14/kg

Selling Price (SP) of the mixture = ₹20/kg

Profit = 25%

Formula Used:

CP = SP × [100 ÷ (100 + Profit%)]

Quantity 1 / Quantity 2 = (Mean CP − Price 2) / (Price 1 − Mean CP)

Wheat 1 ₹23/kg

Wheat 2 ₹14/kg

Mean CP ₹16/kg

16 − 14 = 2 23 − 16 = 7

Ratio = 2  ∶  7

Calculations:

⇒ Cost Price of the mixture = 20 × [100 ÷ (100 + 25)]

⇒ CP = 20 × (100 ÷ 125)

⇒ CP = 20 × (4 ÷ 5) = ₹16/kg

⇒ Applying the rule of alligation to find the ratio of quantities:

⇒ Quantity of Wheat 1  ∶  Quantity of Wheat 2 = (Mean CP − Price of Wheat 2)  ∶  (Price of Wheat 1 − Mean CP)

⇒ Ratio = (16 − 14)  ∶  (23 − 16)

⇒ Ratio = 2  ∶  7

∴ The correct answer is 2  ∶  7.

Additional Information

Rule of Alligation

When two ingredients are mixed, the ratio of their quantities is given by: Quantity of Cheaper / Quantity of Dearer = (Price of Dearer − Mean Price) / (Mean Price − Price of Cheaper).

Cost Price and Selling Price Relationship

The Cost Price (CP) can be directly calculated from the Selling Price (SP) and Profit percentage using the formula: CP = SP × [100 ÷ (100 + Profit%)].

Replacement Method

If V is the total volume and x volume is replaced with water n times, the final amount of pure liquid is: Final = Initial × (1 − x/V)ⁿ.

The correct answer is: Provisional.

Key Points

• Makeshift means temporary or improvised. (अस्थायी या कामचलाऊ)
• Example: We set up a makeshift shelter using blankets and sticks.
• Marked option Provisional is a synonym of makeshift and also means temporary or tentative. (अस्थायी)
• Example: The team worked in a provisional office until the permanent space was ready.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Resourceful means having the ability to find solutions to problems. (समस्याओं का समाधान खोजने की क्षमता होना)
• Perpetual means never-ending or constant. (कभी न ख़त्म होने वाला या स्थिर)
• Inconsiderate means thoughtless or lacking in concern for others. (विचारहीन या दूसरों के प्रति चिंता का अभाव)

The correct answer is: Aspires.

Key Points

• The word 'ambitious' means having a strong desire to succeed or achieve something. (सफल होने या कुछ हासिल करने की तीव्र इच्छा होना)
• Example: Despite challenges, she remained ambitious and pursued her career goals.
• The word 'aspires' is a synonym of 'ambitious' and means to have a strong desire or hope to achieve something. (कुछ हासिल करने की प्रबल इच्छा या आशा होना)
• Example: As a talented artist, he aspires to showcase his work in renowned galleries.
• In the given sentence, the person mentioned wants to become a diplomat in the future, which shows his ambition or strong desire to succeed.
• Therefore, the word 'aspires' is the most appropriate synonym for 'ambitious' in this context.

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Improve means to make something better or to enhance its quality. (किसी चीज़ को बेहतर बनाना या उसकी गुणवत्ता बढ़ाना)
• Decision means a choice or judgement made after consideration or deliberation. (विचार या विचार-विमर्श के बाद किया गया कोई विकल्प या निर्णय)
• Skills mean the ability to do something well, usually gained through training or experience. (कुछ अच्छा करने की क्षमता, आमतौर पर प्रशिक्षण या अनुभव के माध्यम से प्राप्त की जाती है)

The correct answer is: Reprehensible.

Key Points

 

• The word "ignominious" means shameful or disgraceful. (शर्मनाक या अपमानजनक)
• Example: The defeat was so ignominious that the team struggled to recover their morale.
• Reprehensible means deserving of blame or criticism, which accurately describes Ranjith's actions. (दोष या आलोचना के योग्य)
• Example: His reprehensible actions led to severe consequences for the entire organization.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Unfaltering means steady or unwavering. (स्थिर या अटल)
• Amusing means entertaining or funny. (मनोरंजक या मजाकिया)
• Ignorable means being able to be ignored. (नजरअंदाज किए जाने में सक्षम होना)

The correct answer is: Fundraiser.

Key Points

• A fundraiser is a person or an event that raises funds for a particular cause or organization. (अनुदान संचय)
• Example: We organized a successful fundraiser to support the local community centre.
• The word "fundraiser" can be used as a noun to refer to the person or event that raises funds.
• The word is formed by combining "fund" (money set aside for a specific purpose) and "raiser" (someone or something that raises or lifts up).
• In the given sentence, "WHO" is an organization that raises money for a particular cause, so the best one-word substitute for this group of words is "fundraiser".

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Donation refers to the act of giving money or other resources to a person or organization in need. (दान)
• Volunteer refers to a person who offers their time and services for free to help others or a particular cause. (स्वयंसेवक)
• Charity refers to the practice of giving money, goods, or services to those in need or to organizations that help others. (परोपकार)

The correct answer is: Better.

Key Points

• The use of "more" before "better" is incorrect as "better" is already a comparative form of the adjective "good".
• The correct comparative form of "good" is "better", and the superlative form is "the best".
• Therefore, the correct sentence should be "The new restaurant is better than the old one."

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Important Points

• The comparative and superlative forms of adjectives are used to compare and describe different degrees of a particular quality.
• Comparative Form:
• Usage: The comparative form is used when you are comparing two things or two groups.
• Formation: Most adjectives form the comparative by adding "-er" (e.g., faster, taller) or by using "more" before the adjective (e.g., more beautiful, more interesting).
• Example: The cat is faster than the dog.
• Superlative Form:
• Usage: The superlative form is used when you are comparing more than two things or groups, indicating the highest degree of quality.
• Formation: Most adjectives form the superlative by adding "-est" (e.g., fastest, tallest) or by using "most" before the adjective (e.g., most beautiful, most interesting).
• Example: The cheetah is the fastest land animal.