General Awareness PYQs

The correct answer is M.K. Stalin.

Key Points

• M.K. Stalin is the current Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
• He assumed office on 7 May 2021.
• M.K. Stalin is the son of the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, M. Karunanidhi.
• He is a prominent leader of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party.

Additional Information

• M.K. Stalin:
• M.K. Stalin (Muthuvel Karunanidhi Stalin) was born on 1 March 1953 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
• He started his political career with the DMK party and held various positions within the party over the years.
• Before becoming the Chief Minister, he served as the Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu from 2009 to 2011.
• Stalin has also held the position of Mayor of Chennai from 1996 to 2002.
• Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK):
• The DMK is a political party in the state of Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Puducherry in India.
• It was founded by C.N. Annadurai in 1949 as a breakaway faction from the Dravidar Kazhagam.
• The party has a strong base among the Tamil population and has been a significant force in Tamil Nadu politics.
• The DMK has been involved in various state and national level political activities and has formed the government in Tamil Nadu multiple times.
• Autobiography:
• An autobiography is a self-written account of the life of a person.
• It provides insights into the personal and professional life of the author, including their experiences, challenges, and achievements.
• Autobiographies are valuable historical documents as they offer first-hand accounts of events and people from the perspective of the author.
• Chief Minister:
• The Chief Minister is the head of the government in a state in India.
• The Chief Minister is elected by the legislative assembly of the state and is appointed by the Governor.
• The role of the Chief Minister includes formulating policies, implementing laws, and overseeing the administration of the state government.
• The Chief Minister is also responsible for representing the state in various national and international forums.

The correct answer is Article 79 to 122.

Key Points

• Article 79 to 122 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Parliament of India and its proceedings.
• These articles cover various aspects such as the composition of Parliament, the powers, and functions of its members, and the procedures for conducting parliamentary business.
• Article 79 establishes a bicameral legislature at the federal level, consisting of the President and two Houses: the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha).
• Articles 85 to 122 provide detailed provisions regarding the functioning of Parliament, including sessions, prorogation, dissolution, the conduct of business, and the powers and privileges of its members.

Additional Information

• Article 51A
• Article 51A specifies the fundamental duties of every citizen of India.
• It was added by the 42^nd Amendment Act, 1976.
• These duties include respecting the Constitution, promoting harmony, and safeguarding public property, among others.
• Article 36 to 51
• These articles pertain to the Directive Principles of State Policy.
• They provide guidelines to the central and state governments for making policies aimed at establishing a just society.
• Article 12 to 35
• These articles cover the Fundamental Rights guaranteed to the citizens of India.
• They include rights like the right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies.

The correct answer is 1.64.

Key Points

• The annual exponential growth rate of India's population as per the 2011 Census is 1.64%.
• This growth rate is a measure of how quickly the population is increasing each year.
• It is calculated using the formula for exponential growth: P(t) = P₀ * e^rt, where r is the growth rate.
• The growth rate reflects both natural increase (births minus deaths) and net migration.

Additional Information

• Exponential Growth Rate
• Exponential growth occurs when the growth rate of a mathematical function's value is proportional to the function's current value.
• In the context of population, it means the population grows at a constant percentage rate per period.
• The formula for exponential growth is P(t) = P₀ * e^rt, where:
• P(t) is the future population.
• P₀ is the initial population.
• r is the growth rate.
• t is the time period.
• e is the base of the natural logarithm, approximately equal to 2.71828.
• Census
• A census is a systematic enumeration of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.
• The Census of India is a decennial (every 10 years) exercise conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
• It provides vital data on population size, distribution, and various demographic characteristics.
• The 2011 Census was the 15^th National Census of the country since 1872.

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• Kuchipudi is one of the eight major Indian classical dances.
• It originates from a village named Kuchelapuram in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
• Kuchipudi has a unique blend of Natya (drama) and Nritta (pure dance).
• It involves fast rhythms and fluid movements, creating a perfect balance between control and abandon, strength and delicacy.

Additional Information

• Indian Classical Dances
• India has a rich cultural heritage, and classical dance forms are a significant part of it.
• There are eight recognized classical dance forms in India: Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Manipuri, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Mohiniyattam, and Sattriya.
• Each dance form originates from different regions and has its own unique style, costumes, and music.
• These dances are not only a form of art but also a way to express the deep cultural and traditional values of India.
• Natya Shastra
• It is an ancient Indian treatise on the performing arts, encompassing theatre, dance, and music.
• Attributed to Sage Bharata Muni, it is considered the foundational text for Indian classical dance forms.
• The Natya Shastra provides detailed guidelines on various aspects of dance, including gestures, postures, expressions, and stage design.
• It serves as a comprehensive guide for artists and scholars in understanding the traditional practices and techniques of Indian performing arts.
• Kuchipudi Dance Form
• Kuchipudi is characterized by its graceful movements, intricate footwork, and expressive gestures.
• Performers often depict stories from Hindu mythology, particularly the tales of Lord Krishna.
• The dance involves both male and female performers, with male dancers traditionally playing female roles as well.
• Musical accompaniment for Kuchipudi includes classical instruments like the mridangam, veena, and flute.

The correct answer is C3H8.

Key Points

• C3H8 is the chemical formula for propane, which is a saturated hydrocarbon.
• Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.
• Propane is an alkane, which is a type of saturated hydrocarbon.
• Alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2, and propane (C3H8) fits this formula.

Additional Information

• Saturated Hydrocarbons:
• Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons in which all the carbon atoms are connected by single bonds. They are also known as alkanes.
• Alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbon atoms.
• Examples include methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and propane (C3H8).
• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons:
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms.
• Alkenes are hydrocarbons with one or more double bonds (general formula CnH2n), such as ethene (C2H4) and propene (C3H6).
• Alkynes are hydrocarbons with one or more triple bonds (general formula CnH2n-2), such as ethyne (C2H2) and propyne (C3H4).
• Benzene (C6H6):
• Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, characterized by a ring of six carbon atoms with alternating double bonds.
• Aromatic hydrocarbons have unique stability and properties due to their conjugated pi-electron systems.
• Hydrocarbon Classes:
• Hydrocarbons can be classified into alkanes (saturated), alkenes (unsaturated), alkynes (unsaturated), and aromatic hydrocarbons.
• Each class has distinct chemical properties and reactivities.

The correct answer is Ahmedabad.

Key Points

• The final match of IPL 2023 was hosted at the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad.
• Ahmedabad is the largest city in the state of Gujarat, India.
• Narendra Modi Stadium, formerly known as Sardar Patel Stadium, is the largest cricket stadium in the world in terms of seating capacity, holding over 132,000 spectators.
• This stadium has also hosted several international matches and is a prominent venue for cricket in India.

Additional Information

• Indian Premier League (IPL)
• The IPL is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in India contested by ten teams based out of seven Indian cities and three Indian states.
• The league was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2008.
• It is usually held between March and May of every year and has an exclusive window in the ICC Future Tours Programme.
• IPL is known for its high entertainment quotient and has a massive following both in India and globally.
• Narendra Modi Stadium
• Located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, this stadium is the largest in the world with a seating capacity of over 132,000.
• It is named after the current Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, who was also the president of the Gujarat Cricket Association.
• The stadium was renovated in 2020 and has since hosted several key matches, including international fixtures.
• It is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities, including LED floodlights, a clubhouse, and an Olympic-sized swimming pool.
• IPL Final Matches
• The IPL final is the last match of the tournament that determines the champion of the season.
• It is one of the most-watched sporting events in India and attracts significant global viewership.
• Some of the most memorable matches in cricket history have been IPL finals, featuring thrilling finishes and standout performances.
• The venue for the final is usually selected to accommodate a large number of spectators and provide a grand stage for the culmination of the tournament.

The correct answer is 21^st.

Key Points

• The Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhavana Award is given annually by the Indian National Congress party.
• The award aims to recognize outstanding contributions towards promoting peace, harmony, and national integration in India.
• Ustad Amjad Ali Khan, a renowned sarod maestro, was honored with the 21^st Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhavana Award.
• The award was conferred on him in recognition of his efforts to promote communal harmony and peace through music.

Additional Information

• Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhavana Award
• The award was instituted in 1992, in memory of Rajiv Gandhi, the former Prime Minister of India.
• It is awarded annually on his birth anniversary, 20^th August.
• Recipients of the award are given a citation and a cash prize.
• The award celebrates individuals and organizations who have made significant contributions towards promoting values of harmony and peace.
• Ustad Amjad Ali Khan
• He is an Indian classical musician who plays the sarod, a stringed instrument.
• He has been awarded several prestigious awards including the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honor.
• He comes from a long lineage of sarod players and has significantly contributed to the Indian classical music scene.
• His music is known for its spiritual depth and ability to transcend cultural barriers.

The correct answer is Gomat.

Key Points

• The term "Gomat" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Go" meaning cow, and it signifies a wealthy person who owned many cows in Vedic times.
• In Vedic society, wealth was often measured by the number of cows one possessed, making "Gomat" an indicator of prosperity and affluence.
• Cows were highly valued in Vedic culture for their milk, dung, and other resources, which were essential for agriculture and daily life.
• The ownership of cows symbolized economic stability and social status in ancient Vedic civilization.

Additional Information

• Gotra
• Gotra refers to a lineage or clan assigned to a Hindu at birth. It is a system of patrilineal classification and is often used to trace ancestry.
• It is used for identifying families and for purposes related to marriage, as marriages within the same Gotra are traditionally discouraged.
• Gobatscha
• Gobatscha is not a commonly recognized term in Vedic literature or Sanskrit.
• Gaveshana
• Gaveshana means search or investigation in Sanskrit. It is often used in contexts related to research or inquiry.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.
• It was established in 1957 and is situated in the Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh.
• The sanctuary is spread over an area of 78 square kilometers and is known for its scenic beauty and rich biodiversity.
• It is home to various species of flora and fauna, including leopards, blackbucks, and numerous birds.

Additional Information

• Wildlife Sanctuaries in India
• Wildlife sanctuaries are protected areas established by the government to conserve wildlife and their habitats.
• India has more than 500 wildlife sanctuaries, each hosting a diverse range of species and ecosystems.
• These sanctuaries play a crucial role in protecting endangered species and maintaining ecological balance.
• Examples of famous wildlife sanctuaries in India include Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, Kaziranga National Park in Assam, and Sundarbans National Park in West Bengal.
• Conservation Efforts
• Conservation efforts in wildlife sanctuaries include habitat management, anti-poaching measures, and community involvement.
• Various government and non-governmental organizations work together to ensure the protection and sustainability of these natural habitats.
• Conservation programs often involve scientific research, wildlife monitoring, and awareness campaigns to educate the public about the importance of wildlife protection.
• Programs like Project Tiger and Project Elephant have been launched in India to focus on the conservation of specific endangered species.
• Biodiversity in Uttar Pradesh
• Uttar Pradesh, being a large state in India, hosts a rich and varied biodiversity.
• The state has several wildlife sanctuaries and national parks, including Dudhwa National Park, Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, and Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary.
• These protected areas are home to species such as tigers, elephants, rhinoceroses, and numerous bird species.
• The government of Uttar Pradesh actively engages in conservation activities to protect its wildlife and natural resources.

The correct answer is National Income is NNP at FC..

Key Points

• Net National Product (NNP) at Factor Cost (FC) is considered the national income.
• It is calculated by subtracting depreciation from Gross National Product (GNP).
• Factor Cost refers to the cost of factors of production (i.e., labor, capital, land) used to produce goods and services.
• National Income represents the total income earned by a country’s residents and businesses, including any income from abroad.

Additional Information

• Gross National Product (GNP)
• It is the total value of all goods and services produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually a year.
• GNP includes the value of products made by a country’s citizens both domestically and abroad.
• Net National Product (NNP)
• It is calculated by subtracting the depreciation (wear and tear of capital goods) from the Gross National Product.
• NNP = GNP - Depreciation.
• Factor Cost
• It refers to the costs of the factors of production (labor, capital, land, and entrepreneurship) used in creating goods and services.
• Factor Cost does not include taxes or subsidies on products.
• Market Price (MP)
• It is the price at which goods and services are sold in the market.
• Market Price includes indirect taxes and excludes subsidies provided by the government.

The correct answer is PV Sindhu.

Key Points

• PV Sindhu is an Indian professional badminton player.
• She has won medals in multiple tournaments including the Olympics and World Championships.
• In 2022, she won the Swiss Open badminton tournament, adding to her numerous international titles.
• PV Sindhu is widely recognized for her contributions to the sport and has been honored with several prestigious awards in India.

Additional Information

• Swiss Open
• The Swiss Open is an annual badminton tournament held in Switzerland.
• It is part of the Badminton World Federation (BWF) World Tour.
• The tournament attracts top international players and is an important event in the badminton calendar.
• PV Sindhu's Achievements
• PV Sindhu won a silver medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics and a bronze medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
• She became the first Indian woman to win a gold medal at the BWF World Championships in 2019.
• She has been honored with major Indian awards including the Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri, and the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award.
• Badminton World Federation (BWF)
• The BWF is the international governing body for the sport of badminton.
• It was founded in 1934 and is responsible for organizing major international tournaments such as the BWF World Championships and the BWF World Tour.
• The BWF also oversees the rules and regulations of the sport, ensuring fair play and standardization across all competitions.

The correct answer is Farmer's.

Key Points

• The Farmer's portal is a platform provided by the Government of India to facilitate easy access to information related to agriculture for farmers.
• It offers comprehensive details on various aspects of farming including crop management, pest control, weather forecasts, and government schemes.
• The portal is designed to empower farmers with knowledge and information that can help them make better decisions and improve their agricultural practices.
• This platform also acts as a single window for agricultural information from various governmental departments and agencies, making it easier for farmers to access the necessary data.

Additional Information

• Agricultural Portals and Their Importance
• eNAM - The National Agriculture Market (eNAM) is an online trading platform for agricultural commodities in India. It aims to create a unified national market for agricultural products by connecting existing APMC mandis.
• Kisan Call Center - This initiative provides farmers with information and advice on agriculture through toll-free calls. Farmers can get answers to their queries on agriculture-related issues from experts.
• M-Kisan - This platform uses mobile technology to provide farmers with critical information such as weather updates, pest control measures, and best practices for crop management.
• PM-KISAN - The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme provides financial assistance to farmers. The scheme aims to supplement the financial needs of farmers in procuring various inputs to ensure proper crop health and appropriate yields.
• Government Schemes for Farmers
• Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) - This crop insurance scheme provides financial support to farmers in the event of crop failure due to natural calamities, pests, and diseases.
• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) - It aims to enhance water use efficiency through various measures including the creation of protective irrigation facilities, the promotion of efficient water conveyance, and the adoption of water-saving technologies.
• Soil Health Card Scheme - This scheme aims to provide farmers with soil health cards that carry crop-wise recommendations for nutrients and fertilizers to help improve productivity.
• Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) - This scheme aims to promote decentralized planning for agriculture and allied sectors and to ensure the holistic development of agriculture and allied sectors.

The correct answer is Online training portal for COVID-19 management.

Key Points

• iGOT stands for Integrated Government Online Training portal.
• It was launched by the Government of India in April 2020 to provide online training for COVID-19 management.
• The portal aims to enhance the capacity building of healthcare and frontline workers to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
• The platform offers various training modules on topics such as clinical management, infection prevention and control, quarantine and isolation, and more.

Additional Information

• COVID-19
• COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
• It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has since led to a global pandemic.
• Symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, and it can lead to severe respiratory illness and death, particularly in older adults and those with underlying health conditions.
• Preventive measures include wearing masks, social distancing, hand hygiene, and vaccination.
• Capacity Building
• Capacity building refers to activities that improve an organization’s ability to achieve its mission and sustain itself over time.
• In the context of healthcare, it involves training and equipping healthcare workers with the necessary skills and knowledge to handle health crises effectively.
• It is essential for ensuring a prompt and effective response to health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Infection Prevention and Control (IPC)
• IPC is a scientific approach and practical solution designed to prevent harm caused by infection to patients and healthcare workers.
• It is a crucial part of healthcare delivery, especially during outbreaks of contagious diseases such as COVID-19.
• IPC measures include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and safe waste management.
• Quarantine and Isolation
• Quarantine is the separation and restriction of movement of people who may have been exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick.
• Isolation is the separation of sick individuals with a contagious disease from healthy individuals to prevent the spread of the disease.
• Both measures are critical in controlling the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19.

The correct answer is Nagabhatta I.

Key Points

• Nagabhatta I was the founder of the Pratihara dynasty and reigned around the early 8^th century.
• He is credited with defending the western frontier of India against Arab invasions, particularly from the Umayyad Caliphate.
• Nagabhatta I established Bhinmal (modern-day Rajasthan) as his capital, marking the beginning of the Pratihara Empire's prominence.
• Under his leadership, the Pratihara dynasty began to rise as a significant power in northern India.

Additional Information

• Pratihara Dynasty:
• The Pratihara dynasty was an important power in northern India from the 6^th to the 11^th centuries.
• They are known for their role in protecting India from external invasions, particularly from Arab forces.
• The Pratiharas were known for their patronage of art and architecture, contributing significantly to the cultural heritage of India.
• Bhinmal:
• Bhinmal, also known as Srimal, was an ancient city located in the present-day Jalore district of Rajasthan.
• It served as the early capital of the Pratihara dynasty before they moved their capital to Kannauj.
• Bhinmal was a center of learning and culture, producing notable scholars like Brahmagupta.
• Umayyad Caliphate:
• The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.
• Under the Umayyads, the Muslim empire expanded rapidly, and their incursions reached into the Indian subcontinent.
• The Pratiharas, under Nagabhatta I, were able to resist these invasions and establish themselves as a formidable power.

The correct answer is Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.

Key Points

• Teachers' Day in India is celebrated on September 5 annually to honor the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.
• Dr. Radhakrishnan was a renowned philosopher, scholar, and educator who served as the first Vice President and the second President of India.
• He was an advocate for education and a prominent figure in the academic field, contributing significantly to the education sector in India.
• The tradition of celebrating Teachers' Day began in 1962 when Dr. Radhakrishnan became the President of India and suggested that his birthday be celebrated as Teachers' Day to recognize the contributions of teachers.

Additional Information

• Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
• Born on September 5, 1888, in a small town of Tiruttani in Tamil Nadu, India.
• He was a distinguished scholar and academic who authored several books on philosophy and religion.
• Dr. Radhakrishnan was awarded several prestigious honors, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1954.
• He played a key role in shaping India's educational policies and institutions during his tenure as an academician and a statesman.
• Teachers' Day
• Teachers' Day is a special day dedicated to honoring and appreciating teachers for their contribution to education and society.
• It is celebrated in various countries around the world, often on different dates.
• In India, Teachers' Day is marked by various events and activities organized in schools and educational institutions to acknowledge the hard work and dedication of teachers.
• Students often express their gratitude to their teachers through cards, gifts, and special performances on this day.
• Importance of Education
• Education is essential for the overall development of individuals and societies.
• It empowers people with knowledge, skills, and values necessary for personal growth and social progress.
• Teachers play a crucial role in imparting education and shaping the future of students by providing guidance, support, and inspiration.
• Recognizing and celebrating the contributions of teachers is important to highlight the value of education and encourage a culture of respect for educators.

The correct answer is Article 48-A.

Key Points

• Article 48-A of the Indian Constitution specifically deals with the Protection and improvement of the environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife.
• It falls under Part IV of the Indian Constitution, which encompasses the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
• This article was added to the Constitution by the 42^nd Amendment Act of 1976.
• According to Article 48-A, the State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.

Additional Information

• Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
• These are guidelines or principles given to the central and state governments of India, to be kept in mind while framing laws and policies.
• They are non-justiciable, meaning their application cannot be enforced by the courts.
• However, they are considered fundamental in the governance of the country, aiming to create social and economic conditions under which citizens can lead a good life.
• 42^nd Amendment Act of 1976
• This amendment is also known as the "Mini-Constitution" due to the significant changes it brought to the Indian Constitution.
• It added new directives in the form of Article 48-A and Article 51-A(g) which deals with the protection of the environment and the duty of citizens to protect the environment, respectively.
• It also added ten fundamental duties to the Constitution, emphasizing the responsibility of citizens towards the nation.
• Environmental Protection
• It refers to the practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, organizations, and governments.
• The primary goal is to conserve natural resources and the existing natural environment and, where possible, to repair damage and reverse trends.
• In India, various laws and regulations have been implemented to ensure environmental protection, including the Environment Protection Act of 1986.
• Forest and Wildlife Conservation
• Conservation of forests and wildlife is crucial for maintaining the ecological balance and biodiversity.
• In India, this is governed by various laws, including the Indian Forest Act, 1927, and the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
• These laws aim to regulate and manage forest resources and protect wildlife species from exploitation and extinction.

The correct answer is Germanium.

Key Points

• Germanium was the element predicted by Mendeleev and referred to as eka-silicon before its actual discovery.
• Mendeleev predicted the existence of germanium based on his periodic table and its properties matched remarkably well with his predictions.
• Germanium was discovered in 1886 by Clemens Winkler, about 15 years after Mendeleev's prediction.
• The discovery of germanium provided strong support for the accuracy and predictive power of Mendeleev's periodic table.

Additional Information

• Mendeleev's Periodic Table
• Developed by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, the periodic table is an arrangement of chemical elements organized by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
• Mendeleev's table predicted the existence and properties of elements that had not yet been discovered.
• His periodic law states that the properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic weights.
• Eka-elements
• The term "eka" was used by Mendeleev to denote an element that would be found below another element in the periodic table, following a predicted pattern of properties.
• For example, "eka-silicon" was the name given to the yet-to-be-discovered element germanium.
• Discovery of Germanium
• Germanium was discovered by Clemens Winkler in 1886 in a mineral called argyrodite.
• Winkler's discovery matched Mendeleev's predictions in terms of atomic weight, density, and other properties, thus validating the periodic table.

The correct answer is 2016.

Key Points

• The Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) was launched in 2016 as a flagship initiative by the Government of India to promote a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship.
• AIM aims to create an ecosystem of innovation and entrepreneurship at various levels in the country, from schools to higher education institutions and beyond.
• It focuses on fostering innovation and nurturing an innovative mindset through initiatives like Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) in schools.
• Additionally, AIM supports the establishment of Atal Incubation Centers (AICs) and aims to encourage startups and small businesses to thrive.

Additional Information

• Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs)
• ATLs are dedicated workspaces where students (Class 6 to Class 12) learn innovation skills and develop ideas that will go on to transform India.
• These labs are equipped with state-of-the-art tools and technologies like 3D printers, robotics & electronics development tools, IoT & sensors, etc.
• The goal is to foster curiosity, creativity, and imagination in young minds, and inculcate skills such as design mindset, computational thinking, adaptive learning, physical computing, etc.
• Atal Incubation Centers (AICs)
• AIM provides financial support to establish new incubation centers across India.
• AICs aim to foster and support world-class innovation and dynamic startups in various sectors, including social innovation.
• They provide necessary infrastructure and support to startups, such as mentoring, networking, and access to funding.
• Atal New India Challenges
• These challenges aim to foster product innovations and align them to needs of various sectors/ministries.
• The program provides a grant-in-aid of up to Rs. 1 crore for selected innovators/startups to develop their products further.
• Mentor of Change
• This initiative aims to engage leaders who can guide and mentor students in ATLs, entrepreneurs in AICs, and other beneficiaries of AIM programs.
• Mentors provide guidance on various aspects like technology development, business strategy, and market access.

The correct answer is Lucknow.

Key Points

• Ishwari Prasad is credited with the introduction of the Lucknow Gharana of Kathak.
• The Lucknow Gharana is one of the major schools of Kathak dance, and it emphasizes graceful movements and precise footwork.
• It was established in the early 19^th century in the court of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, a patron of the arts.
• The Lucknow Gharana is known for its intricate abhinaya (expression) and delicate movements, making it distinct from other Kathak styles.

Additional Information

• Jaipur Gharana:
• It emphasizes strong and powerful footwork.
• Founded by Bhanuji, it is known for its dynamic spins and extensive use of tatkars (footwork patterns).
• Raigarh Gharana:
• Developed in the princely state of Raigarh, it combines elements of both Jaipur and Lucknow styles.
• It is also known for its musical compositions and rhythm patterns.
• Banaras Gharana:
• It is famous for its expressive and devotional elements.
• Founded by Janakiprasad, this style uses intricate hand movements and facial expressions.

The correct answer is Lysine.

Key Points

• Lysine is an essential amino acid that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained from the diet.
• Lysine plays a crucial role in enhancing calcium absorption in the body, which is vital for bone health.
• This amino acid is also essential for the formation of collagen, a protein that provides structure to skin, bones, and connective tissues.
• Additionally, lysine is involved in the production of carnitine, a nutrient responsible for converting fatty acids into energy and helping to lower cholesterol levels.

Additional Information

• Essential Amino Acids:
• These are amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet.
• There are nine essential amino acids: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
• Calcium Absorption:
• Calcium is a mineral essential for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
• Vitamin D and certain amino acids, such as lysine, enhance the absorption of calcium in the gut.
• Collagen Formation:
• Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, providing structure to skin, bones, and connective tissues.
• Lysine is vital for the synthesis of collagen, contributing to tissue repair and skin elasticity.
• Protein Synthesis:
• Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of the body.
• Essential amino acids, including lysine, are crucial for the synthesis of proteins needed for growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues.