General Awareness PYQs

The correct answer is Rohini Bhate.

Key Points

• Rohini Bhate was an eminent Indian classical dancer renowned for her expertise in the Kathak dance form.
• She was a disciple of Guru Lachhu Maharaj and Shambhu Maharaj, both legendary exponents of Kathak.
• Her dance style was characterized by its technical precision and expressive storytelling.
• She was also a respected teacher and choreographer, contributing significantly to the propagation and evolution of Kathak.

Additional Information

• Kathak
• Kathak is one of the eight major forms of Indian classical dance.
• It originated from the nomadic bards of ancient northern India, known as Kathakars or storytellers.
• The dance form emphasizes intricate footwork, spins, and expressive gestures to convey stories, often from epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana.
• Kathak has three main gharanas (schools) - Lucknow, Jaipur, and Banaras, each with its unique style and emphasis.
• Other Indian Classical Dance Forms
• Bharatanatyam - Originating from Tamil Nadu, it is known for its fixed upper torso, bent legs, and intricate footwork combined with expressive hand gestures and facial expressions.
• Kathakali - A dance-drama from Kerala, characterized by elaborate costumes, detailed gestures, and well-defined body movements presented in the form of a story-play.
• Kuchipudi - Hailing from Andhra Pradesh, it blends fast rhythms and fluid movements with dramatic storytelling.
• Odissi - From Odisha, it is known for its grace, fluid movements, and sculpturesque poses.
• Manipuri - A dance form from Manipur, characterized by smooth and graceful movements, often depicting themes from the life of Lord Krishna.
• Mohiniyattam - A classical dance from Kerala, it combines elements of Bharatanatyam and Kathakali, performed by women with slow, graceful movements.
• Sattriya - Originating from Assam, it is a dance-drama that combines dance, drama, and music.

The correct answer is 1861.

Key Points

• The Indian High Courts Act was introduced by the British Parliament in the year 1861.
• This act led to the establishment of High Courts in India for the first time, replacing the older Supreme Courts at Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras.
• The High Courts were given extensive original and appellate jurisdiction, marking a significant shift in the Indian judicial system.
• These High Courts were modeled after the English judicial system and were intended to provide a higher level of judicial administration in the major cities of India.

Additional Information

• Indian High Courts Act 1861
• The Indian High Courts Act 1861 was an act of the British Parliament that led to the creation of High Courts in India in the three Presidency towns of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras.
• Before this act, the judicial system in these cities was managed by Supreme Courts, which were established under the Charter Act of 1774.
• The new High Courts were granted original civil and criminal jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction, and supervisory jurisdiction over the lower courts.
• This act was significant as it brought uniformity and improvement in the judicial administration of British India.
• Supreme Courts of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras
• These courts were established under the Regulating Act of 1773 and subsequent acts, and they functioned until the High Courts were established in 1861.
• They were the highest courts in British India and had both original and appellate jurisdiction.
• The Supreme Courts were replaced by the High Courts to streamline and improve the judicial system.
• Judicial Administration in British India
• The British introduced several reforms to the judicial system in India to make it more efficient and aligned with British legal principles.
• The High Courts Act was a part of these reforms, which aimed to enhance the administration of justice in the colonies.
• These reforms were crucial in shaping the modern Indian judicial system.

The correct answer is Tata Iron and Steel Company.

Key Points

• Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO), now known as Tata Steel Ltd, is one of the largest private sector steel manufacturing companies in India.
• Tata Steel was established by Jamsetji Tata in 1907 and is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
• It is part of the Tata Group, which is a prominent Indian multinational conglomerate.
• Tata Steel is known for its significant contribution to the industrialization of India and remains a leading player in the global steel industry.

Additional Information

• Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
• It is a public sector undertaking and one of the largest steel-making companies in India.
• SAIL is owned and operated by the Government of India.
• It was founded in 1973 and is headquartered in New Delhi.
• SAIL operates and owns 5 integrated steel plants and 3 special steel plants in India.
• Oil India Limited (OIL)
• It is the second-largest hydrocarbon exploration and production public sector company in India.
• OIL is owned by the Government of India.
• It was founded in 1959 and is headquartered in Duliajan, Assam, India.
• OIL is involved in the exploration, development, and production of crude oil and natural gas.
• Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
• It is a public sector engineering and manufacturing company in India.
• BHEL is owned by the Government of India.
• It was established in 1964 and is headquartered in New Delhi.
• BHEL is engaged in the design, engineering, manufacturing, construction, testing, commissioning, and servicing of a wide range of products and services for the core sectors of the economy, including power, transmission, industry, transportation, renewable energy, oil & gas, and defense.

The correct answer is 1950.

Key Points

• The Election Commission of India (ECI) was established on 25^th January 1950.
• It is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India at both the national and state levels.
• The ECI ensures the conduct of free and fair elections in the country, which is a fundamental aspect of the democratic framework of India.
• The Election Commission operates under the authority of the Constitution per Article 324, and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Acts.

Additional Information

• Election Commission of India (ECI)
• The ECI is responsible for the superintendence, direction, and control of the preparation of the electoral rolls for, and the conduct of, all elections to Parliament and to the Legislature of every State and of elections to the offices of President and Vice President held under the Constitution.
• The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and State Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country.
• It was originally a one-member body but was made a three-member body in 1989.
• The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) heads the Election Commission of India.
• Article 324 of the Indian Constitution
• Article 324 vests the power of superintendence, direction, and control of elections in an independent body, which is the Election Commission.
• The Election Commission has the power to take all necessary steps to ensure free and fair elections.
• Representation of the People Acts
• The Representation of the People Act, 1950 provides for the allocation of seats in the House of the People and in the Legislative Assemblies, the delimitation of constituencies for elections, the qualifications of voters at such elections, and other related matters.
• The Representation of the People Act, 1951 provides for the actual conduct of elections in India, the qualifications and disqualifications for membership of Parliament and State Legislatures, and the resolution of election disputes.

The correct answer is ₹6,000.

Key Points

• The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana (PM-Kisan) is a central sector scheme launched by the Government of India.
• Under this scheme, income support of ₹6,000 per year is provided to all farmer families across the country.
• This amount is paid in three equal installments of ₹2,000 each, which are directly transferred to the bank accounts of the beneficiaries.
• The scheme aims to support the financial needs of farmers in procuring various inputs to ensure proper crop health and appropriate yields.

Additional Information

• Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-Kisan)
• PM-Kisan is a central sector scheme with 100% funding from the Government of India.
• It was launched on 24^th February 2019, and the first installment was paid out in December 2018.
• The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare.
• All landholding farmer families are eligible for this scheme, provided they meet the criteria set by the government.
• Objectives
• The main objective of PM-Kisan is to provide financial support to farmers, helping them to procure various inputs for agriculture and allied activities, as well as domestic needs.
• The scheme aims to supplement the financial needs of the farmers in procuring inputs for crop production, ensuring proper crop health and yields.
• It also aims to protect farmers from falling into the clutches of moneylenders for meeting such expenses and ensure their continuance in farming activities.
• Eligibility Criteria
• All landholding farmer families, which have cultivable landholding in their names, are eligible for this scheme.
• However, certain exclusions apply, such as institutional landholders, farmer families holding constitutional posts, serving or retired officers and employees of state/central government as well as public sector undertakings and government autonomous bodies, and professionals like doctors, engineers, and lawyers.
• Implementation
• The scheme is implemented through an electronic database containing the details of all the beneficiaries.
• The funds are directly transferred to the bank accounts of the beneficiaries through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) mode.
• The states and union territories are responsible for identifying the farmer families which are eligible for support as per scheme guidelines.

The correct answer is 2014.

Key Points

• The Pro Kabaddi League was inaugurated for the first time in India in 2014.
• It was established with the aim to popularize the sport of kabaddi and provide a professional platform for players.
• The league was inspired by the success of the kabaddi tournament at the 2006 Asian Games.
• The inaugural season of the Pro Kabaddi League featured eight teams, which competed in a double round-robin format followed by playoffs.

Additional Information

• Pro Kabaddi League (PKL)
• The Pro Kabaddi League is a professional-level kabaddi league in India, established in 2014.
• It is organized by Mashal Sports and STAR India, with the backing of the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI), the Asian Kabaddi Federation (AKF), and the International Kabaddi Federation (IKF).
• The league follows a format similar to that of the Indian Premier League (IPL), with franchises representing various cities across India.
• Players from different countries, including Iran, South Korea, and Kenya, participate in the league, making it a global event.
• The league has significantly contributed to the growth and popularity of kabaddi, both in India and internationally.
• Kabaddi
• Kabaddi is a contact team sport that originated in ancient India.
• The game involves two teams of seven players each, who take turns sending a "raider" into the opposing team's half of the court to tag as many defenders as possible and return to their half of the court without being tackled.
• Points are scored by the raider for each defender tagged, while the opposing team earns points for stopping the raider.
• Kabaddi is known for its fast-paced and physically demanding nature, requiring strength, agility, and strategic thinking.

The correct answer is Education.

Key Points

• Wood's Dispatch of 1854 is considered the Magna Carta of English Education in India.
• The Dispatch recommended a system of education from the primary level to the university level.
• It proposed the establishment of universities in major cities like Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.
• Wood's Dispatch emphasized the need for vocational and female education.

Additional Information

• Wood's Dispatch
• Wood's Dispatch was a comprehensive plan for the education system in India, formulated by Sir Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control of the British East India Company, in 1854.
• It laid the foundation for a systematic and organized education policy in India under British rule.
• The Dispatch recommended the establishment of a Department of Public Instruction in each province to oversee education matters.
• It also suggested the use of vernacular languages at the primary level, while English was to be the medium of instruction for higher education.
• Universities in Major Cities
• Following the recommendations of Wood's Dispatch, universities were established in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras in 1857.
• These universities played a crucial role in shaping modern education in India and produced many notable scholars and leaders.
• Vocational and Female Education
• Wood's Dispatch emphasized the importance of vocational education to improve the skills of the workforce.
• It also highlighted the need for female education to uplift the status of women in society.
• Special grants were recommended to promote female education.

The correct answer is Lovlina Borgohain.

Key Points

• Lovlina Borgohain is an Indian amateur boxer who won a bronze medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in the women's welterweight event.
• In December 2022, Lovlina was elected as the Chairperson and a voting member of the International Boxing Association (IBA) Athletes' Committee.
• She has also won a bronze medal in the 2018 and 2019 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships.
• Lovlina Borgohain hails from Assam, India, and is known for her significant contributions to Indian boxing on an international platform.

Additional Information

• International Boxing Association (IBA)
• The International Boxing Association (IBA), formerly known as AIBA, is a worldwide governing body for the sport of boxing, both amateur and professional.
• It was established in 1946 and aims to promote and develop boxing globally while ensuring fair and equal opportunities for all boxers.
• The IBA organizes major international boxing events, including the World Boxing Championships and the Women's World Boxing Championships.
• It also works to implement rules and regulations for the sport, ensuring the safety and integrity of boxing competitions.
• AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships
• The AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships is an international event organized by the International Boxing Association (IBA) for female boxers.
• The competition features multiple weight categories, allowing women boxers from different countries to compete for world titles.
• The championship is held biennially and has been instrumental in promoting women's boxing on a global scale.
• It provides a platform for female boxers to showcase their skills and gain international recognition.
• Tokyo 2020 Olympics
• The Tokyo 2020 Olympics was an international multi-sport event held in Tokyo, Japan, from July 23 to August 8, 2021, after being postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
• It featured competitions in 33 sports and 339 events, with athletes from over 200 countries participating.
• The Tokyo 2020 Olympics was notable for its strict COVID-19 protocols and the absence of spectators in most venues.
• India achieved its best-ever medal tally at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, winning a total of 7 medals, including 1 gold.

The correct answer is 1993.

Key Points

• Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) was launched in December 1993.
• The scheme enables Members of Parliament (MPs) to recommend developmental work in their constituencies with emphasis on creating durable community assets based on locally felt needs.
• Initially, the scheme allowed MPs to recommend works for Rs. 5 lakh per annum, which has now been increased to Rs. 5 crore per annum.
• The MPLADS funds can be used for various development activities including the construction of roads, schools, sanitation facilities, and drinking water facilities.

Additional Information

• Objective of MPLADS:
• The primary objective of MPLADS is to enable MPs to identify and fund small-scale developmental projects in their constituencies, addressing specific local needs and promoting the welfare of the people.
• Implementation:
• The MPLADS is implemented by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
• The funds released under MPLADS are non-lapsable, meaning they can be carried forward to subsequent years if not utilized within the financial year.
• Monitoring and Accountability:
• District authorities are responsible for the execution of projects recommended by MPs and ensuring that the funds are used appropriately.
• Regular audits and reviews are conducted to ensure transparency and accountability in the utilization of MPLADS funds.
• Recent Amendments:
• In recent years, the MPLADS guidelines have been amended to include provisions for funding projects related to COVID-19 relief and other national priorities.

The correct answer is willy-willies.

Key Points

• Willy-willies is the term used to describe tropical cyclones in Australia.
• Tropical cyclones are intense low-pressure systems that form over warm ocean waters and can cause significant damage to coastal regions.
• These cyclones are characterized by strong winds, heavy rainfall, and can lead to flooding and storm surges.
• The term willy-willies is specifically used in the Australian region, whereas other regions have different terms for similar weather phenomena.

Additional Information

• Hurricanes
• Hurricanes are tropical cyclones that occur in the North Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean.
• The term is used primarily in the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and along the eastern coastlines of the United States and Mexico.
• They are known for their destructive power, which includes strong winds, heavy rains, and storm surges.
• Typhoons
• Typhoons are tropical cyclones that occur in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, primarily affecting Southeast Asia, Japan, and eastern China.
• They are similar in structure and impact to hurricanes and willy-willies, with strong winds and heavy rainfall.
• The term "typhoon" is derived from the Chinese term "tai fung," meaning "great wind."
• Cyclones
• The term "cyclone" is a general term used to describe a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originate over tropical or subtropical waters.
• In the Indian Ocean and South Pacific, these systems are referred to as cyclones.
• Cyclones can cause extensive damage, including high winds, heavy rainfall, and coastal flooding.

The correct answer is Starch: Egg yolk.

Key Points

• Starch is a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.
• It is produced by most green plants as an energy store.
• Egg yolk does not contain starch; it is rich in proteins and fats.
• Common sources of starch include potatoes, rice, wheat, and corn.

Additional Information

• Lactose
• Lactose is a disaccharide sugar derived from galactose and glucose that is found in milk.
• It makes up around 2-8% of milk (by weight).
• Lactose is important for the proper digestion of milk in mammals.
• Fructose
• Fructose is a simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.
• It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion.
• Fructose is commonly found in fruits such as grapes, apples, and honey.
• Maltose
• Maltose, also known as malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond.
• It is found in germinating grains like wheat, cornmeal, and barley.
• Maltose is used in the brewing of beer and is a component of malt.

The correct answer is i (b), ii (c), iii (d), iv (a).

Key Points

• Global System of Trade Preferences (GSTP) was established in 1988 to increase trade among developing countries.
• The India-Gulf Cooperation Council Free Trade Agreement negotiations began in 2004 to enhance economic cooperation between India and the GCC states.
• The India-Republic of Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) was signed in 2010 to promote greater economic collaboration and trade between India and South Korea.
• The 7^th Trade Policy Review of India was conducted in 2021 by the World Trade Organization (WTO) to review India's trade policies and practices.

Additional Information

• Global System of Trade Preferences (GSTP)
• It was established in 1988 during the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
• It aims to promote trade among developing countries through the exchange of tariff concessions.
• India-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Free Trade Agreement
• The GCC consists of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.
• FTA negotiations started in 2004 to facilitate trade and economic cooperation between India and GCC countries.
• India-Republic of Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)
• CEPA was signed in 2010 to foster trade and economic relations between India and South Korea.
• The agreement covers trade in goods, services, investment, and intellectual property rights.
• Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM)
• It was established in 1989 under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and is now an integral part of the WTO.
• The 7^th Trade Policy Review of India in 2021 aimed to evaluate and improve the transparency of India's trade policies.

The correct answer is Kirana gharana.

Key Points

• Prabha Atre is a renowned Indian classical vocalist who belongs to the Kirana gharana.
• The Kirana gharana is known for its emphasis on perfect pitch (sur) and intricate note patterns (taan).
• Prabha Atre has been a significant figure in Indian classical music and has contributed extensively to the Kirana gharana's repertoire.
• She has received numerous awards and accolades, including the Padma Vibhushan in 2022, which is India's second-highest civilian award.

Additional Information

• Gharana
• A gharana is a system of social organization linking musicians or dancers by lineage or apprenticeship, and by adherence to a particular musical style.
• The term "gharana" comes from the Hindi word "ghar," which means "house" and refers to a family tradition.
• Each gharana has its own distinct features and styles that differentiate it from others.
• The concept of gharana is pivotal in the Indian classical music tradition, playing a crucial role in preserving the unique characteristics of different musical styles.
• Kirana Gharana
• The Kirana gharana is one of the most prominent gharanas in Hindustani classical music.
• It was founded in the 19^th century by Ustad Abdul Karim Khan and Ustad Abdul Wahid Khan.
• The gharana is named after the town of Kirana in Uttar Pradesh, India.
• The Kirana gharana is renowned for its emphasis on the development and elaboration of notes and the emotional expression of ragas.
• Padma Vibhushan
• The Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian award in India, after the Bharat Ratna.
• It is awarded to recognize exceptional and distinguished service in any field, including government service, arts, literature, science, and public affairs.
• The award was instituted in 1954 and is conferred by the President of India.
• Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan are announced annually on Republic Day (26^th January).

The correct answer is Parthians.

Key Points

• The Parthian Empire ruled over a significant part of ancient Iran and extended their domain into the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent, including parts of present-day Pakistan.
• The Parthian period is known for its cultural syncretism, blending Greek, Persian, and regional influences, which is reflected in their art, architecture, and inscriptions.
• Takht-i-Bahi, a historical site near Mardan in present-day Pakistan, is famous for its Buddhist monastery ruins, which flourished during the Parthian period.
• The Parthian rulers in this region were known for their patronage of Buddhism, which contributed to the spread and development of Buddhist culture and architecture.

Additional Information

• Takht-i-Bahi
• Takht-i-Bahi is an archaeological site of an ancient Buddhist monastery situated in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
• The site is renowned for its well-preserved ruins, which date back to the 1^st century CE and were in use until the 7^th century CE.
• The name "Takht-i-Bahi" means "Throne of the Water Spring" in Persian, indicating the presence of a spring near the monastery.
• The monastery complex includes stupas, courtyards, meditation cells, and assembly halls, reflecting the architectural style and cultural influences of the Parthian period.
• Parthian Empire
• The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Persia, which lasted from approximately 247 BCE to 224 CE.
• The Parthians were known for their unique style of governance, which combined elements of Greek, Persian, and regional traditions.
• Their empire stretched from the Euphrates River in the west to the Indus River in the east, including regions of modern-day Iran, Iraq, Armenia, and parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
• Parthian art, architecture, and inscriptions, including those found at sites like Takht-i-Bahi, reflect a blend of Hellenistic and Persian influences.
• Sakas
• The Sakas, also known as the Scythians, were a group of ancient Iranian nomadic tribes who migrated into the Indian subcontinent during the 1^st century BCE.
• They established several kingdoms in the northwestern regions of India, including the Indo-Scythian kingdom.
• The Sakas were known for their contributions to the cultural and political landscape of ancient India, including the development of the Saka era calendar.
• Indo-Greek Kingdom
• The Indo-Greek Kingdom was established by Greek rulers who invaded and settled in the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent during the 2^nd century BCE.
• The Indo-Greek rulers are known for their coinage, which often featured a blend of Greek and Indian artistic styles and inscriptions.
• Their rule contributed to the spread of Hellenistic culture and the fusion of Greek and Indian cultural elements in art, architecture, and religion.

The correct answer is Delhi.

Key Points

• According to the Census of India 2011, Delhi has the highest slum population among the Union Territories.
• The slum population in Delhi contributes significantly to the overall urban population of the Union Territory.
• Delhi's slums are characterized by inadequate housing and poor living conditions.
• Efforts to improve living conditions in slums include various government schemes and initiatives aimed at urban development and poverty alleviation.

Additional Information

• Census of India
• The Census of India is a comprehensive enumeration of the Indian population conducted every ten years by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
• The census collects a wide range of demographic, social, and economic data, which is used for planning and policy-making at various levels of government.
• The most recent census was conducted in 2011, and the next one is scheduled for 2021.
• Slum
• A slum is a heavily populated urban residential area characterized by substandard housing and squalor.
• Slums often lack basic services such as sanitation, clean water, reliable electricity, and adequate housing.
• Slum dwellers typically live in conditions of extreme poverty, with limited access to education and healthcare.
• Union Territory
• A Union Territory is a type of administrative division in India, which is governed directly by the Central Government.
• Unlike states, Union Territories have more limited self-governance and are administered by an appointed Lieutenant Governor or Administrator.
• As of 2021, India has eight Union Territories.
• Urban Development Schemes
• Various urban development schemes have been launched by the Indian government to improve the living conditions in urban areas, including slums.
• Examples include the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) for affordable housing, the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), and the Smart Cities Mission.
• These schemes aim to provide better infrastructure, housing, and basic services to urban residents, including those living in slums.

The correct answer is 0.07.

Key Points

• The Gross National Product (GNP) is a broad measure of a nation's total economic activity.
• The GNP is 16% higher than the last year, indicating overall economic growth.
• Inflation rate is 9%, which represents the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising.
• The production growth rate can be determined by adjusting the GNP growth rate for inflation.

Additional Information

• Gross National Product (GNP)
• GNP measures the market value of all the products and services produced in one year by labor and property supplied by the residents of a country.
• It includes the value of goods and services produced by a country's residents, regardless of the location of the actual production.
• Inflation
• Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising and subsequently eroding purchasing power.
• Central banks attempt to limit inflation, and avoid deflation, in order to keep the economy running smoothly.
• Economic Growth
• Economic growth is an increase in the production of economic goods and services, compared from one period of time to another.
• It can be measured in nominal or real terms, the latter of which is adjusted for inflation.
• Calculation of Production Growth Rate
• To find the production growth rate, we adjust the GNP growth rate for inflation.
• Formula: Production Growth Rate = (1 + GNP Growth Rate) / (1 + Inflation Rate) - 1
• Using the given values: GNP Growth Rate = 16% or 0.16, Inflation Rate = 9% or 0.09
• Production Growth Rate = (1 + 0.16) / (1 + 0.09) - 1 = 1.16 / 1.09 - 1 = 1.0642 - 1 ≈ 0.07

The correct answer is Assam.

Key Points

• Bhupen Hazarika was a legendary figure from Assam, known for his contribution to music, cinema, and literature.
• He was a playback singer, lyricist, musician, poet, and filmmaker, renowned for his works in Assamese cinema.
• Bhupen Hazarika is often referred to as the 'Bard of Brahmaputra' because of his deep connection with the river and his impactful songs about it.
• His songs are known for their socio-political themes, often addressing issues of humanity and universal brotherhood.

Additional Information

• Assam
• Assam is a state in northeastern India known for its rich culture, tea plantations, and biodiversity.
• The state is home to the mighty Brahmaputra River, which plays a crucial role in the lives of the people and the state's economy.
• Assam has a diverse population with numerous ethnic groups and languages, and its capital is Dispur.
• The state celebrates various traditional festivals, including Bihu, which marks the Assamese New Year and is celebrated with much fervor.
• Bhupen Hazarika's Contributions
• He was awarded several prestigious awards, including the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, Padma Shri, and Padma Bhushan.
• Hazarika's music and films often highlighted the culture and issues of Assam and the northeastern region of India.
• He was also a prominent politician and served as a member of the Assam Legislative Assembly.
• His legacy continues to inspire and influence artists and activists in India and beyond.

The correct answer is copper.

Key Points

• Copper is known for its excellent thermal conductivity, making it ideal for applications where heat transfer is crucial.
• In a calorimeter, quick and accurate measurement of heat is essential, and copper’s high thermal conductivity ensures this efficiency.
• Copper is also malleable and ductile, allowing it to be shaped into thin sheets needed for the construction of calorimeters.
• Copper has good corrosion resistance, which is necessary for the durability and longevity of the calorimeter.

Additional Information

• Calorimeter
• A calorimeter is an instrument used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process.
• It works on the principle of heat transfer and is used in various scientific and industrial applications to determine heat capacity, specific heat, and other thermal properties.
• Thermal Conductivity
• Thermal conductivity is a physical property of materials that indicates their ability to conduct heat.
• Materials with high thermal conductivity, like copper, transfer heat more efficiently than materials with low thermal conductivity.
• This property is critical in designing devices like calorimeters where accurate heat measurements are required.
• Other Metals Mentioned
• Silver - While silver has higher thermal conductivity than copper, it is more expensive and less commonly used in calorimeters.
• Platinum - Platinum is also a good conductor of heat but is expensive and used in more specialized applications.
• Cesium - Cesium is a metal with lower thermal conductivity and is not suitable for use in calorimeters.

The correct answer is H2.

Key Points

• When dilute sulphuric acid (H2SO4) reacts with magnesium (Mg), hydrogen gas (H2) is released.
• The chemical equation for the reaction is: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2.
• Magnesium (Mg) is a highly reactive metal and reacts vigorously with dilute acids.
• The reaction of a metal with an acid typically produces a salt and hydrogen gas.

Additional Information

• Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)
• It is a strong mineral acid with various industrial applications.
• It is used in the production of fertilizers, in petroleum refining, and in wastewater processing.
• H2SO4 is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns.
• Hydrogen Gas (H2)
• Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe.
• It is commonly used in the chemical industry and in fuel cells for energy production.
• Hydrogen gas is colorless, odorless, and highly flammable.
• Magnesium (Mg)
• Magnesium is a lightweight metal with a silvery-white appearance.
• It is used in the production of alloys, in the automotive industry, and in the manufacture of fireworks and flares.
• Magnesium is essential for all living cells and is the 11^th most abundant element by mass in the human body.
• Chemical Reactions of Metals with Acids
• Metals react with acids to produce a salt and hydrogen gas.
• The general reaction can be represented as: Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen gas.
• The reactivity of the metal determines the vigor of the reaction.

The correct answer is 2) 2 and 3 both.

Key Points

• The Indian Constitution prescribes certain duties to its citizens known as Fundamental Duties.
• Among the given options, "To pay income tax" and "To cast the vote in election" are not listed as Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution.
• The Fundamental Duties are listed in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution.
• There are a total of 11 Fundamental Duties for Indian citizens, introduced by the 42^nd Amendment in 1976, and one more added by the 86^th Amendment in 2002.

Additional Information

• Fundamental Duties
• The concept of Fundamental Duties in India is inspired by the Constitution of the erstwhile USSR.
• These duties are intended to serve as a constant reminder to every citizen that they should not only be conscious of their rights but also of their duties.
• Some of the key Fundamental Duties include respecting the national symbols, cherishing the noble ideals of the freedom struggle, and protecting the sovereignty and integrity of India.
• Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable, meaning they are not enforceable by the courts for their violation.
• Amendments Related to Fundamental Duties
• The 42^nd Amendment Act of 1976 introduced Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution.
• The 86^th Amendment Act of 2002 added the 11^th duty, which mandates that parents or guardians provide opportunities for education to their children between the age of six and fourteen years.
• List of Fundamental Duties
• To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag, and the National Anthem.
• To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
• To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
• To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
• To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
• To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
• To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
• To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
• To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
• To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.
• To provide opportunities for education to children between the ages of six and fourteen years (added by the 86^th Amendment in 2002).