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Concept-

• Community health nursing refers to professional nursing practice with an emphasis on health promotion, health maintenance, primary prevention, health education and management, coordination of health care services, and continuity of care for individuals, families, and groups in the community.

Important Points

• A community nurse may serve direct care, educate individuals or the public, advocate for health improvement, and conduct research in community health.
• The job of a community health nurse is to help and manage community health problems.

Features of Community Health Nursing:

• It is a specialized area of ​​nursing.
• Its practice combines public health with nursing.
• It is population-based.
• It emphasizes wellness and positive health other than sickness or disease.
• This includes interdisciplinary collaboration.
• It enhances customer responsibility and self-care.

The correct answer is: third goal

Key Points

• Sustainable Development Goals​:
• The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or "2030 Agenda" calls for holistic action to ensure better health, poverty alleviation and peace, and prosperous life for all.
• 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 Objectives are part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
• Goal 3 is completely focused on health, which is "ensuring to promote healthy living and wellness for all age groups".
• SDG 3 includes 13 goals, with four listed as "means of implementation" goals. Other selected goals highlighted health goals, including ending all forms of malnutrition, achieving universal and fair access to safe drinking water, and health and sanitation.

Additional Information

• 17 goals
• Goal 1: End poverty
• Goal 2: Freedom from starvation
• Goal 3: Health and wellness for people
• Goal 4: Quality Education
• Goal 5: Gender Equality
• Goal 6: Water and Sanitation
• Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
• Goal 8: Excellence and Economic Growth
• Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure Development
• Goal 10: Reducing Inequalities
• Goal 11: Sustainable Urban and Community Development
• Goal 12: Consume and Products Responsibly
• Goal 13: Climate Action
• Goal 14: Protection of aquatic organisms (life in water)
• Goal 15: Protection of terrestrial organisms (life in terrestrial ecology)
• Goal 16: Peace, Justice, and Empowered Institutions
• Goal 17: Participation in the Goals

Concept-

• Community members are at the heart of healthy communities. These include all those who live, learn, work, play and pray in communities.
• Community members may have a formal leadership role in community organization, or friends and neighbors may recognize them as the person who gets the work done.

Important Points

• A health program is a coordinated and comprehensive set of health promotion and safety strategies implemented in the workplace that includes programs, policies, benefits, environmental support, and links to the surrounding community, designed to promote the health and safety of all employees.
• Community diagnosis is the first step for community members health programs generally refer to the identification and quantification of health problems in a community in terms of mortality and morbidity rates and proportions, and those at risk or in need of health care.

Key Points

• Community diagnosis, also called community assessment, is the basis for improving and promoting the health of community members.
• The role of community diagnosis is to identify factors that affect the health of the population and determine the availability of resources within the community to adequately address these factors.

Concept-

• The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched by the Hon'ble Prime Minister to provide accessible, affordable, and quality health care to the rural population, especially vulnerable groups.

Important Points

• The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched on 12^th April 2005, to provide accessible, affordable, and quality health care to the rural population, especially the vulnerable groups. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
• NRHM seeks to provide equitable, affordable, and quality health care to the rural population, especially vulnerable groups.
• Under the NRHM, the Empowered Action Group (EAG) States as well as the North Eastern States, Jammu, Kashmir, and Himachal Pradesh have been given special focus.

Key Points

• The thrust of the mission is to establish a fully functional, community-owned, decentralized health delivery system with inter-sectoral convergence at all levels to ensure simultaneous action on a wide range of health determinants such as water, sanitation, education, and nutrition, and social and gender equality.
• NRHM focuses on Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child Health, and Adolescent (RMNCH+A) Services.
• The emphasis here is on strategies for improving maternal and child health through a continuum of care and the life cycle approach.
• It recognizes the inextricable links between adolescent health, family planning, maternal health, and child survival. In addition, a focus is also to be placed on linking community and facility-based care and strengthening referrals between different levels of the health care system to create a sustainable care pathway.

Concept-

• Community health nursing refers to professional nursing practice with an emphasis on health promotion, health maintenance, primary prevention, health education and management, coordination of health care services, and continuity of care for individuals, families, and groups in the community.

Characteristics of Community Health Nursing:

• It is a specialized area of ​​nursing.
• Its practice combines public health with nursing.
• It is population orientation.
• It emphasizes wellness and positive health other than sickness or disease.
• This includes interdisciplinary collaboration.
• It enhances customer responsibility and self-care.

Functions of Community Health Nursing:

• Identification of leadership community culture and resources as a key factor in the community health care delivery system.
• Evaluate community health conditions, health risks, and problems to identify people's health care demands.
• Planning and implementation of comprehensive community health interventions, care, services, and programs.

Concept-

• Birth registration is a permanent and official record of a child's existence.
• A child who is not registered at birth is at risk of being deprived of the right to an official identity, recognized name, and nationality.
• Registration is also an important tool for the development of a nation as the process of registration means the collection of data on vital statistics (number of births and deaths).
• It is an essential element of the national plan for children as it provides a demographic base.

Important Points

• The birth has to be registered with the concerned local authorities, by filling up the form prescribed by the registrar, within 21 days of the birth.
• The birth certificate is issued after verification with the actual records of the concerned hospital.
• If the birth is not registered within the specified time of birth, the certificate is issued after police verification is ordered by the revenue authorities.
• If the birth registration is not done within the specified period, the registration can be done within one year by paying a nominal late fee.
• If the registration is not done within one year; Registration can be done at any time by producing an affidavit before a Magistrate of the First Class or an Executive Magistrate.
• The magistrate verifies the details of the affidavit and, if found satisfactory, issues an order to the registrar to enter the birth entries in the birth register.

Confusion Points

• According to the rules, registration of birth and death has to be done within 21 days.

Concept-

• The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme was launched on 2 October 1975, by the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
• The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme represents one of the world's largest and most unique programs for early childhood care and development.
• It is the foremost symbol of the country's commitment to its children and nursing mothers.
• The beneficiaries under the Scheme are children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women, and lactating mothers.

Important Points

• The Ministry of Women and Child Development, a branch of the Government of India, is an apex body for the formulation and administration of rules and regulations, and laws relating to women and child development in India.
• The Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) has the overall responsibility of monitoring the ICDS scheme.
• A central level ICDS monitoring unit exists in the Ministry which is responsible for the collection and analysis of periodic work reports received from the States in the prescribed formats.

Key Points

• The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, formerly the Ministry of Agriculture, is a branch of the Government of India and is the apex body for the formulation and administration of rules and regulations, and laws relating to agriculture in India.
• The Ministry of AYUSH, a ministry of the Government of India, is responsible for the development of education, research, and dissemination of indigenous and alternative medicine systems in India.
• The Ministry of Tribal Affairs, a branch of the Government of India, deals with the affairs of tribal communities in India.

Concept-

• An infant is a very young child (from birth to 1 year) who has not yet started walking or talking.
• Infant mortality is a significant component of mortality under the age of five. Like the mortality rate of children under the age of five, the infant mortality rate also measures child survival.

Infant Mortality Rate: 

• The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) which is a crude indicator of the overall health scenario of a country or a region is defined as the infant deaths (children less than one year) per thousand live births in a given period and for a given region.
• Age : 0-27 days, Age : 28 days - <1 year
• National Infant Mortality Rate data is released by the Register General of India.

Important Points

• IMR declined to 34 per 1,000 live births last year from 37 per 1,000 live births in 2015, according to the Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin, released by the Office of the Registrar General.
• India registered 90,000 fewer infant deaths in 2016 as compared to 2015.
• The gender difference between female and male IMR has also reduced to less than 10 points, Earlier it used to be above 20 points.

Concept-

• Heart rate is one of the 'vital signs' or vital indicators of health in the human body.
• It measures how many times per minute the heart contracts or beats.
• A normal resting heart rate is usually between 60 and 100 beats per minute.
• Children have a higher resting heart rate than adults.
• The average fetal heart rate is between 110 and 160 beats per minute. It can vary from 5 to 25 beats per minute.
• The medical name for a slow heart rate is bradycardia.

Important Points

• With regard to neonatal resuscitation, bradycardia is related when the heart rate is less than 100 bpm.
• Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine
• The primary cause of neonatal bradycardia is hypoxia. Other causes of bradycardia in this age group include hypothermia, hypovolemia and pneumothorax, head injury, and medications.
• If the heart rate recovers on its own and remains above 60 but below 100 bpm, measures to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation should continue.
• If the heart rate drops below 60 bpm despite adequate oxygen and ventilation, begin chest compressions.
• If the heart remains below 60 bpm after 30–45 seconds of effective chest compressions, Adrenaline 10 mcg/kg (0.01 mg/kg 1:10,000 solution) should be administered intravenously. This can be repeated every 3-5 minutes.
• Adrenaline caused an increase in systolic blood pressure, a decrease in diastolic blood pressure, and an increase in heart rate.

Key Points

• Sodium bicarbonate is used in the treatment of indigestion. It is an antacid used to relieve acid indigestion, heartburn, and gas.
• Sodium chloride is the chemical name of salt. Sodium is an electrolyte that controls the amount of water in your body. Sodium also plays a role in nerve impulses and muscle contraction.
• Potassium is a mineral found naturally in foods and is essential for the normal function of your heart, muscles, and nerves. Potassium bicarbonate is used to treat or prevent low potassium (hypokalemia).

Concept:- 

• 'Neonate' is a term used to refer to the newborn baby in the first month (0-28 days) of life.
• A newborn, or newborn, is a baby who is less than 28 days old. During these first 28 days of life, the baby is at the highest risk of dying.
• The vast majority of neonatal deaths occur in developing countries with low access to health care.
• When the child is born, he has to adjust to an environment that is very different from the one in the mother's womb.
• The mother understands the sound of the baby crying but this may not always be true. Thus we can see that after birth, the newborn has to make efforts to meet its needs and is completely dependent on the adults, usually the mother.

Important Points

• A newborn baby has many abilities that help him adjust to the new environment.
• The newborn is not helpless, even though it may seem so contrary to believe that he has many abilities. They are born with a number of well-developed motor and sensory abilities that help them perceive, understand and adjust to new environments.
• A newborn can turn its head from side to side when placed on the back of the abdomen. When placed on the stomach, she can also raise her head for a while. While on her back, she can actively move her arms and legs. These movements help him avoid burrowing himself under the blanket or sheet. At birth, babies are also capable of many reflex actions.
• The newborn has different sensory abilities. On the basis of many research studies, it is now known that from birth the eyes, ears, and other sense organs work in a remarkable manner. Newborns react to touch, heat, and cold and can distinguish certain sounds, tastes, and smells.