English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is 'elusive'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence introduces a contrast using "despite": "However, despite rapid advancements in neuroimaging, the precise neurochemical mechanisms driving musical memory remain remarkably (E) ________."
• The adjective filling blank (E) follows the linking structure "remain remarkably" and modifies "mechanisms", requiring a word that indicates something difficult to fully identify, isolate, understand, or pin down.
• "Elusive" means difficult to find, catch, achieve, or grasp, accurately conveying that the underlying biochemical pathways are still not fully comprehended despite modern neuroimaging tools.
• Other options ("transparent", "pedestrian", "elementary", "self-evident") denote clear/obvious, dull/ordinary, basic/simple, or obvious without proof, all of which contradict the contrast introduced by "despite rapid advancements".

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Complete Passage: The human brain possesses an extraordinary capacity to process and interpret acoustic vibrations as structured musical compositions. When auditory stimuli enter the cochlea, specialized hair cells translate sound waves into electrical impulses that travel along neural pathways to the auditory cortex. This neurological mapping allows listeners to instinctively (A) discern subtle variations in pitch, rhythm, and timbre. Engaging with complex harmonic progressions activates multiple neural networks simultaneously, which can (B) elicit intense emotional and physiological responses. Beyond mere recreation, music therapy is increasingly utilized in clinical neuro-rehabilitation to treat cognitive and motor deficits. Rhythmic auditory stimulation enables stroke survivors to (C) recalibrate their gait by synchronizing bodily movements with external metronomic cues. Similarly, melodically structured singing can help individuals with expressive aphasia (D) unlock speech mechanisms that standard verbal therapies fail to engage. However, despite rapid advancements in neuroimaging, the precise neurochemical mechanisms driving musical memory remain remarkably (E) elusive. Continued interdisciplinary research is essential to keep our understanding of auditory neurobiology (F) ________ and clinically actionable.

 

Additional Information

• Transparent (पारदर्शी/स्पष्ट): Easy to perceive or detect; allowing light to pass through.
• Pedestrian (साधारण/नीरस): Lacking inspiration or excitement; dull.
• Elementary (प्राथमिक/सरल): Relating to the rudimentary aspects of a subject; straightforward and uncomplicated.
• Self-evident (स्वतः स्पष्ट): Not needing to be demonstrated or explained; obvious.

The correct answer is 'dynamic'.

 

Key Points

• The concluding sentence emphasizes the necessity of sustained scientific research: "Continued interdisciplinary research is essential to keep our understanding of auditory neurobiology (F) ________ and clinically actionable."
• The adjective filling blank (F) is coordinated with "clinically actionable" via the conjunction "and", requiring a positive word describing scientific knowledge that is actively progressing, evolving, and vibrant.
• "Dynamic" means characterized by constant change, activity, or progress, perfectly describing an actively advancing and updated body of scientific understanding.
• Other options ("obsolete", "precarious", "stagnant", "dormant") denote out of date, unstable/insecure, inactive/motionless, or temporarily inactive/asleep, all of which represent undesirable states that scientific research actively aims to prevent.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: The human brain possesses an extraordinary capacity to process and interpret acoustic vibrations as structured musical compositions. When auditory stimuli enter the cochlea, specialized hair cells translate sound waves into electrical impulses that travel along neural pathways to the auditory cortex. This neurological mapping allows listeners to instinctively (A) discern subtle variations in pitch, rhythm, and timbre. Engaging with complex harmonic progressions activates multiple neural networks simultaneously, which can (B) elicit intense emotional and physiological responses. Beyond mere recreation, music therapy is increasingly utilized in clinical neuro-rehabilitation to treat cognitive and motor deficits. Rhythmic auditory stimulation enables stroke survivors to (C) recalibrate their gait by synchronizing bodily movements with external metronomic cues. Similarly, melodically structured singing can help individuals with expressive aphasia (D) unlock speech mechanisms that standard verbal therapies fail to engage. However, despite rapid advancements in neuroimaging, the precise neurochemical mechanisms driving musical memory remain remarkably (E) elusive. Continued interdisciplinary research is essential to keep our understanding of auditory neurobiology (F) dynamic and clinically actionable.

 

Additional Information

• Obsolete (अप्रचलित/पुराना): No longer produced or used; out of date.
• Precarious (अनिश्चित/असुरक्षित): Not securely held or in position; dangerously likely to fall or collapse.
• Stagnant (स्थिर/ठहरा हुआ): Showing no activity and no development or advancement.
• Dormant (निष्क्रिय/सुप्त): Having normal physical functions suspended or slowed down for a period of time; in or as if in a deep sleep.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'dezicious'.

• The correct spelling would be 'delicious'.
• The word 'delicious' is an adjective which means 'highly pleasant to the taste'. (स्वादिष्ट)
• For Example -
• The dessert she made was absolutely delicious.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'dezicious'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Culinary - related to cooking or the kitchen (खाना पका��े से संबंधित)
• Delighted - feeling or showing great pleasure (प्रसन्न)
• Savoured - enjoyed the taste of something slowly and completely (स्वाद लेना)

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'experimantal'.

• The correct spelling would be 'experimental'.
• The word 'experimental' is an adjective which means 'based on untested ideas or techniques and not yet established or finalized'.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'experimantal'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Scientists - A person who is studying or has expert knowledge of one or more of the natural or physical sciences.
• Optimistic - Hopeful and confident about the future.
• Numerous - Great in number; many.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'controversal'.

• The correct spelling would be 'controversial'.
• The word 'controversial' is an adjective which means 'giving rise or likely to give rise to public disagreement'. (विवादास्पद)
• For Example -
• The artist's controversial exhibition attracted a lot of media attention.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'controversal'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Avant-garde - new and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them (अग्रणी)
• Provocative - causing annoyance, anger, or another strong reaction, especially deliberately (उत्तेजक)
• Polarized - divided into sharply opposed groups (ध्रुवीकृत)

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'ephemereal'.

• The correct spelling would be 'ephemeral'.
• The word 'ephemeral' is an adjective which means 'lasting for a very short time'. (क्षणभंगुर)
• For Example -
• His fame turned out to be ephemeral; it didn't last long.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'ephemereal'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Gorgeous - very beautiful or attractive (खूबसूरत)
• Scintillating - sparkling or shining brightly (झिलमिलाता)
• Unforgettable - impossible to forget; very memorable (अविस्मरणीय)

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The given question requires arranging the scattered segments into a coherent sentence.
• The correct sequence is determined by understanding the logical flow of the sentence and the context of each fragment.
• Sentence D is the first sentence because it introduces the problem of persistent and prolonged droughts affecting the primary agricultural belt.
• Sentence B logically follows as it describes the impact of the droughts on crop yields.
• Sentence E comes next as it explains the response of international relief organizations mobilizing resources.
• Sentence C follows as it discusses the desperate attempt to avert a catastrophic food shortage.
• Sentence A is the concluding segment as it highlights the potential destabilizing effects on the entire developing region.
• The correct sequence is DBECA.

Coherent sentence after rearrangement:

"Persistent and prolonged droughts across the primary agricultural belt have severely compromised this year's expected crop yields, prompting international relief organizations to quickly mobilize their resources in a desperate attempt to avert a catastrophic food shortage that could destabilize the entire developing region."

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The given question requires arranging the scattered segments of a sentence into a coherent and meaningful order.
• Step 1: Identify the introductory part of the sentence that sets the context. In this case, Sentence C introduces the celebrated author and the novel, making it the opening sentence.
• Step 2: Follow up with the sentence that elaborates on the narrative style of the author. Here, Sentence E describes how the author "masterfully weaves a complex and emotionally resonant narrative tapestry."
• Step 3: Identify the sentence that explains the focus of the narrative. Sentence A fits here as it talks about the psychological ramifications of war.
• Step 4: Add the sentence that provides the context of the community involved in the story. Sentence D mentions "a small, tightly knit rural community struggling to survive."
• Step 5: Conclude with the sentence that sets the backdrop of the story. Sentence B talks about the "rapidly changing and unforgiving political landscape," which serves as the perfect ending.

Correct Sequence: CEADB

Additional Information

• Step-by-step explanation:
• Sentence C introduces the author and the novel: "The celebrated author's latest critically acclaimed historical novel."
• Sentence E elaborates on the narrative style: "Masterfully weaves a complex and emotionally resonant narrative tapestry."
• Sentence A explains the focus of the narrative: "That expertly explores the profound psychological ramifications of war."
• Sentence D provides the community context: "On a small, tightly knit rural community struggling to survive."
• Sentence B sets the political backdrop: "Amidst a rapidly changing and unforgiving political landscape."
• The correct sequence forms a coherent and meaningful sentence.

Coherent Sentence After Rearrangement:

"The celebrated author's latest critically acclaimed historical novel masterfully weaves a complex and emotionally resonant narrative tapestry that expertly explores the profound psychological ramifications of war on a small, tightly knit rural community struggling to survive amidst a rapidly changing and unforgiving political landscape."

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The question requires arranging the given segments to form a coherent sentence.
• Sentence A introduces the subject: "The sudden implementation of steep tariffs on imported raw materials."
• Sentence D logically follows, as it describes the consequence of the tariffs: "triggered a cascading sequence of severe supply chain disruptions."
• Sentence B continues the idea by explaining how manufacturers were impacted: "which ultimately forced domestic manufacturers to significantly raise their prices."
• Sentence E explains the action taken by the manufacturers: "and pass the exorbitant operational costs directly onto."
• Sentence C concludes the sentence by identifying the ultimate party affected: "the already financially strained average consumer."
• Thus, the correct sequence is ADBEC.

Coherent sentence after rearrangement:

"The sudden implementation of steep tariffs on imported raw materials triggered a cascading sequence of severe supply chain disruptions, which ultimately forced domestic manufacturers to significantly raise their prices and pass the exorbitant operational costs directly onto the already financially strained average consumer."

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the meanings of the word "Prey" used in different contexts:

• Prey (Noun) - an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food. (शिकार)
• For Example:
• The lion stalked its prey through the tall grass.
• Prey (Noun/Idiomatic) - a person who is easily deceived or harmed; a victim. (शिकार/पीड़ित)
• For Example:
• Elderly people are often the prey of telephone scammers.
• Prey (Verb) - (usually followed by 'on' or 'upon') to hunt and kill for food, or to exploit/take advantage of someone. (शिकार करना/शोषण करना)
• For Example:
• Hawks prey on small rodents.

 

Now, let's break down the sentences to analyze which of them use the word "Prey" correctly:

• A. The eagle swooped down to catch its prey.
• The word "prey" is used correctly here. It functions as a noun referring to the animal being hunted by the eagle.
• B. The villagers became prey to a fraudulent scheme that promised quick profits.
• The word "prey" is used correctly here. It is used figuratively to mean that the villagers became victims of a scam.
• C. The hunter decided to prey the deer before sunset.
• The word "prey" is used incorrectly here. When used as a verb, "prey" requires the preposition "on" or "upon" (e.g., "prey on the deer"). Without the preposition, the sentence is grammatically incorrect. The correct verb to use in this specific structure would be "hunt."
• So, out of the given sentences, only A and B use the word "prey" correctly.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & B."

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Key Points

• They used an app on a phone.
• This is the correct answer. The passage states that the 64 pupils recorded their feelings of hunger and anger on a phone app over three weeks.
• They wrote in a paper notebook.
• This is incorrect. The passage does not mention the students using paper notebooks to record their feelings.
• They told their parents every night.
• This is incorrect. The passage does not state that the students reported their feelings to their parents.
• They drew pictures for the scientist.
• This is incorrect. There is no information about the students drawing pictures for Dr. Swami.
• They sent letters in the mail.
• This is incorrect. The passage specifically mentions a phone app, not letters sent by mail.

Therefore, the correct answer is They used an app on a phone.

 

Additional Information

• They wrote in a paper notebook: Incorrect because the passage states that a phone app was used.
• They told their parents every night: Incorrect because the passage does not mention parents being involved.
• They drew pictures for the scientist: Incorrect because no such activity is mentioned.
• They sent letters in the mail: Incorrect because the students used a phone app instead.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Key Points

• Because eating some food might fix your bad mood.
• This is the correct answer. The passage explains that hunger can make people feel angry or upset. Therefore, if someone feels angry for no clear reason, eating a healthy snack may help improve their mood by providing the body with the energy it needs.
• Because snacks are given out for free.
• This is incorrect. The passage does not state that snacks are free or that this is the reason for eating them.
• Because snacks will make you fall asleep quickly.
• This is incorrect. The passage discusses hunger, energy, and mood, but does not suggest that snacks make people fall asleep quickly.
• Because you need to spend money on food.
• This is incorrect. The passage does not suggest eating a snack because of spending money.
• Because Dr. Swami sells snacks to students.
• This is incorrect. The passage only mentions Dr. Swami's research and does not state that he sells snacks to students.

Therefore, the correct answer is Because eating some food might fix your bad mood.

 

Additional Information

• Because snacks are given out for free: Incorrect because the passage does not mention free snacks.
• Because snacks will make you fall asleep quickly: Incorrect because the passage does not connect snacks with sleep.
• Because you need to spend money on food: Incorrect because spending money is not the reason given in the passage.
• Because Dr. Swami sells snacks to students: Incorrect because there is no information about Dr. Swami selling snacks.

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Key Points

• 64
• This is the correct answer. The passage clearly states that Dr. Swami conducted the study with 64 pupils from a local school. The students recorded their feelings of hunger and anger over three weeks.
• 10
• This is incorrect. The passage does not mention 10 pupils participating in the study.
• 24
• This is incorrect. The passage does not state that 24 pupils took part in the study.
• 46
• This is incorrect. The number of pupils mentioned in the passage is 64, not 46.
• 100
• This is incorrect. The passage specifies that 64 pupils participated in the study.

Therefore, the correct answer is 64.

 

Additional Information

• 10: Incorrect because this number is not mentioned as the number of participants.
• 24: Incorrect because the passage does not mention 24 pupils.
• 46: Incorrect because the study involved 64 pupils.
• 100: Incorrect because the passage states that 64 pupils participated.

The correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Key Points

• Our bodies do not have enough energy from food.
• This is the correct answer. The passage explains that when people are hungry, their bodies lack energy from food. As a result, it becomes harder for them to control their negative emotions.
• We have way too much energy to sit still.
• This is incorrect. The passage states that hunger causes a lack of energy, not an excess of energy.
• We are too busy playing games on our phones.
• This is incorrect. The passage mentions a phone app used to record students' feelings, but it does not say that playing games affects emotional control.
• The weather outside makes us feel tired.
• This is incorrect. The passage does not mention weather as a reason for difficulty in controlling emotions.
• We forget to drink enough water during the day.
• This is incorrect. The passage focuses on the lack of energy caused by hunger and does not connect the issue with drinking water.

Therefore, the correct answer is Our bodies do not have enough energy from food.

 

Additional Information

• We have way too much energy to sit still: Incorrect because hunger results in a lack of energy.
• We are too busy playing games on our phones: Incorrect because the passage does not associate phone games with emotional control.
• The weather outside makes us feel tired: Incorrect because weather is not discussed as a cause.
• We forget to drink enough water during the day: Incorrect because the passage attributes the difficulty to insufficient energy from food.

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Key Points

• A lot of people there suffer from a lack of food.
• This is the correct answer. The passage explains that the Global Hunger Index measures how many people do not have enough food in different countries. Therefore, a country with a very high score is associated with a serious lack of food among its population.
• People there have too much food to eat.
• This is incorrect. A high Hunger Index indicates a greater problem of insufficient food, not an excess of food.
• The citizens are probably very relaxed and happy.
• This is incorrect. The passage suggests that a lack of food may cause people to feel stressed, angry, and unhappy.
• There are no schools or teachers in that country.
• This is incorrect. The passage does not connect the Hunger Index with the availability of schools or teachers.
• Everyone in the country uses a phone app.
• This is incorrect. The phone app was used only by the students participating in Dr. Swami's study and has no connection with the Hunger Index.

Therefore, the correct answer is A lot of people there suffer from a lack of food.

 

Additional Information

• People there have too much food to eat: Incorrect because a high Hunger Index indicates insufficient food.
• The citizens are probably very relaxed and happy: Incorrect because food shortages may contribute to stress and unhappiness.
• There are no schools or teachers in that country: Incorrect because the passage makes no such connection.
• Everyone in the country uses a phone app: Incorrect because the app was used only for recording feelings in the study.

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Key Points

• Very fat
• This is the correct answer. The word "obese" means extremely overweight or very fat. In the passage, it is used while advising people to eat healthy foods so that they do not become obese.
• Very smart
• This is incorrect. "Very smart" refers to intelligence and does not have the same meaning as "obese."
• Very tired
• This is incorrect. "Very tired" refers to a lack of energy, whereas "obese" refers to being extremely overweight.
• Very thin
• This is incorrect. "Very thin" has an opposite meaning to "obese."
• Very fast
• This is incorrect. "Very fast" describes speed and has no connection with the meaning of "obese."

Therefore, the correct answer is Very fat.

 

Additional Information

• Very smart: It means highly intelligent or clever.
• Very tired: It means extremely exhausted or lacking energy.
• Very thin: It means having very little body fat or being slender.
• Very fast: It means moving or happening at a high speed.

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Key Points

• Hungry and angry
• This is the correct answer. The passage clearly states that "hangry" means being hungry and angry at the same time. The word combines the concepts of hunger and anger.
• Happy and hungry
• This is incorrect. "Hangry" describes a feeling of anger caused by hunger, not happiness.
• Hot and angry
• This is incorrect. The word "hangry" is related to hunger and does not refer to being hot.
• Heavy and angry
• This is incorrect. "Hangry" does not describe a person who is heavy and angry.
• Healthy and angry
• This is incorrect. "Hangry" specifically refers to the combination of hunger and anger, not health and anger.

Therefore, the correct answer is Hungry and angry.

 

Additional Information

• Happy and hungry: Incorrect because "hangry" involves anger rather than happiness.
• Hot and angry: Incorrect because "hangry" is not related to temperature.
• Heavy and angry: Incorrect because the term does not refer to body weight.
• Healthy and angry: Incorrect because the term specifically combines hunger and anger.

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Key Points

• Students
• This is the correct answer. The word "pupils" means students or schoolchildren. In the passage, the 64 pupils were students from a local school who participated in Dr. Swami's study.
• Teachers
• This is incorrect. Teachers are people who teach students, whereas pupils are students who receive education.
• Parents
• This is incorrect. Parents are the adults responsible for raising children, while pupils are students.
• Scientists
• This is incorrect. Scientists conduct research and experiments, whereas pupils in the passage participated in the study as students.
• Games
• This is incorrect. Games are activities played for entertainment and are not people or students.

Therefore, the correct answer is Students.

 

Additional Information

• Teachers: They are people who teach or educate students.
• Parents: They are the mother, father, or guardians of a child.
• Scientists: They are people who conduct scientific research and study.
• Games: They are activities played for entertainment or competition.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Key Points

• Being hungry can cause people to feel angry.
• This is the correct answer. The passage mainly explains the connection between hunger and anger. Dr. Swami's study found that when students were hungry, they reported feeling more annoyed because their bodies lacked energy to control their emotions.
• Phone apps are bad for children to use.
• This is incorrect. The phone app was only used by the students to record their feelings during the study. The passage does not suggest that phone apps are harmful to children.
• Everyone should eat a lot of junk food.
• This is incorrect. The passage recommends eating healthy meals and specifically warns against becoming obese.
• Schools need to give students more homework.
• This is incorrect. The passage does not discuss homework or suggest that schools should give students more homework.
• Dr. Swami is the smartest scientist in the world.
• This is incorrect. The passage only describes Dr. Swami's study and does not claim that he is the smartest scientist in the world.

Therefore, the correct answer is Being hungry can cause people to feel angry.

 

Additional Information

• Phone apps are bad for children to use: Incorrect because the app was simply used to record the students' feelings.
• Everyone should eat a lot of junk food: Incorrect because the passage recommends healthy food and warns against obesity.
• Schools need to give students more homework: Incorrect because homework is not discussed in the passage.
• Dr. Swami is the smartest scientist in the world: Incorrect because no such claim is made in the passage.

The correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Key Points

• Name
• This is the correct answer. In the passage, the word "label" refers to a name or term used to describe a particular feeling. The term "hangry" is used as a special name for the feeling of being hungry and angry at the same time.
• Problem
• This is incorrect. "Problem" refers to a difficulty or issue, whereas "label" in the passage means a name or term.
• Doctor
• This is incorrect. A doctor is a medical professional, while "label" means a name or term used to identify or describe something.
• Food
• This is incorrect. Food is something people eat, whereas "label" means a name or term.
• Animal
• This is incorrect. An animal is a living organism, while "label" refers to a name or term used to describe something.

Therefore, the correct answer is Name.

 

Additional Information

• Problem: It means a difficulty or issue that needs to be dealt with.
• Doctor: It means a person qualified to practise medicine.
• Food: It means something that people or animals eat to obtain nourishment.
• Animal: It means a living organism that is not a plant.