General Awareness PYQs

The correct answer is Go Digit General Insurance Limited.

Key Points

• In February 2025, Go Digit General Insurance Limited launched India’s first Air Quality Index (AQI)-based parametric insurance specifically designed for construction workers.
• This innovative insurance product is aimed at providing a financial safety net for workers in the Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) whose livelihoods are severely impacted by construction bans during peak pollution months.
• The insurance follows a parametric model, which means the payout is not based on actual loss assessment but is automatically triggered when AQI levels exceed a pre-defined threshold (such as 400 or "Severe" category) for a specific number of days.
• This initiative primarily addresses the challenges faced by unorganized sector laborers during the implementation of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) Stage III and Stage IV, which often leads to a complete halt of outdoor construction activities.
• The policy is designed to compensate for the loss of daily wages, ensuring that the most vulnerable segments of the urban workforce can sustain their living expenses during environmental crises.

Additional Information

• Parametric Insurance:
• Unlike traditional indemnity insurance that compensates for the actual cost of damage, parametric insurance pays out a fixed amount based on the occurrence of a specific trigger event.
• Common triggers include wind speed in hurricanes, rainfall levels in droughts, or in this case, AQI levels as recorded by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
• AQI and Delhi-NCR:
• The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a tool used by government agencies to communicate to the public how polluted the air currently is.
• In Delhi-NCR, pollution typically spikes during November to February due to stubble burning, vehicular emissions, and climatic inversions.
• The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) enforces GRAP to mitigate these effects, often banning non-essential construction.
• Go Digit General Insurance:
• Founded in 2017 and headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka, the company is backed by Fairfax Financial Holdings.
• It was founded by Kamesh Goyal and has become a leading insurtech player in India, listing on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in May 2024.
• Socio-Economic Impact:
• There are approximately 10 to 12 lakh construction workers in the Delhi-NCR area.
• A construction ban can result in a loss of 15 to 20 working days in a season, leading to a income reduction of nearly Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 15,000 per worker, making such insurance products vital for poverty alleviation.

Important Points

• Digital Transformation: The Go Digit AQI policy leverages real-time data and digital claim settlements, reducing the administrative overhead and time usually associated with insurance claims for the poor.
• Climate Adaptation: This product is considered a significant step in climate risk adaptation, helping the labor force build resilience against increasing urban environmental hazards.
• Regulatory Oversight: All such parametric products in India are regulated and approved by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) to ensure transparency and solvency.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• In October 2024, the Maharashtra government inaugurated India’s first integrated state-level Cyber Command and Control Centre (C4) at Mahape, Navi Mumbai.
• The facility was officially launched by the Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Devendra Fadnavis, who also holds the Home portfolio.
• This center serves as a comprehensive hub for handling cybercrime grievances through multiple channels, including the national helpline 1930, a dedicated web portal, and a mobile application.
• The project is part of a larger initiative to modernize the state's police force and provides a single-window system for citizens to report digital frauds, phishing, and other cyber-related offenses.
• The C4 is equipped with advanced technology to ensure 24/7 monitoring and faster response times for cyber incidents across the state. Hence, the correct answer is Maharashtra.

Additional Information

• Maharashtra Cyber Security Project:
• The Cyber Command and Control Centre is a core component of the Maharashtra Cyber Security Project, which has an estimated budget of approximately Rs 837 crore.
• The project was executed with Larsen & Toubro (L&T) as the primary technology partner, ensuring the deployment of world-class digital infrastructure.
• It aims to integrate all district-level cyber labs into a centralized system for better coordination and data sharing among law enforcement agencies.
• Technological Features:
• The center utilizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) tools to track financial trails in cyber frauds and predict emerging digital threats.
• It houses a Cert-Maharashtra (Computer Emergency Response Team) and a Centre of Excellence to train police personnel in the latest investigation techniques.
• The facility includes specialized units for digital forensics, social media monitoring, and threat intelligence.

Important Points

• Human Resources: The center is staffed by over 150 cyber experts and specially trained Maharashtra State Police personnel to manage complex investigations.
• Public Safety: With the rise in digital transactions, the center focuses on reducing the "golden hour" response time to freeze fraudulent transactions before the money is moved out of the banking system.
• National Context: While various states have cyber cells, Maharashtra is the first to implement such a massive, integrated state-level command structure, setting a benchmark for the Government of India’s digital security framework.
• Launch Date: The formal inauguration took place on October 10, 2024, marking a significant milestone in India's fight against trans-border and domestic cybercrimes.

The correct answer is Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular).

Key Points

• The Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular), often abbreviated as HAM-S, is a regional political party in the state of Bihar, India. In the context of the Bihar Assembly Elections 2025, the party successfully secured 5 seats.
• The party was founded by Jitan Ram Manjhi, a former Chief Minister of Bihar, on May 8, 2015, after he left the Janata Dal (United).
• The party primarily represents the interests of the Mahadalit community and other marginalized sections in Bihar. It has been a part of various political alliances, including the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) and the Mahagathbandhan.
• The Bihar Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) has a total of 243 seats. To form a government, a party or a coalition must cross the majority mark of 122 seats. Small regional parties like HAM-S often play the role of "kingmaker" in close electoral contests.
• In the 2025 elections, the performance of smaller parties proved crucial in determining the power dynamics of the state's governance. Winning 5 seats allowed HAM-S to maintain its relevance in the state's competitive political landscape.

Additional Information

• Janata Dal (United) (JD-U):
• The JD(U) is a major regional party in Bihar, currently led by Nitish Kumar. The party's symbol is an Arrow. It has held the Chief Minister's post for the majority of the last two decades.
• Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) (LJP-RV):
• Led by Chirag Paswan, this party was formed following a split in the original Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) founded by Ram Vilas Paswan. The party's election symbol is the Helicopter. It focuses on the Dalit and Paswan vote bank in Bihar.
• Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP):
• The BSP is a national party led by Mayawati. While its primary base is in Uttar Pradesh, it regularly contests elections in Bihar to mobilize Scheduled Caste voters. Its symbol is the Elephant.
• Election Commission of India (ECI):
• The ECI is the constitutional body responsible for conducting elections to the Bihar Legislative Assembly. It operates under Article 324 of the Constitution of India.

Important Points

• Seat Distribution: The 243 seats of the Bihar Assembly are distributed across 38 districts. The 2025 elections highlighted the importance of localized campaigning and alliance arithmetic.
• Reserved Seats: Out of the total seats, 38 seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC) and 2 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) in the Bihar Vidhan Sabha.
• Voter Turnout: Elections in Bihar typically see high engagement from rural voters, with the Election Commission implementing various initiatives to increase the participation of women and youth.
• Regional Alliances: The 2025 political landscape was shaped by the two main fronts: the NDA (led by BJP and JD-U) and the Mahagathbandhan (led by RJD and INC).

The correct answer is Yukti – Nutrition Nirmaan.

Key Points

• Yukti – Nutrition Nirmaan is a premier student-led national case competition officially launched in October 2025 to address the complex challenges of malnutrition in India.
• The initiative is strategically designed to align with and promote Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health & Well-being).
• The competition aims to harness the creative and analytical potential of students from diverse academic backgrounds to propose innovative, scalable, and sustainable solutions for improving nutritional outcomes.
• By focusing on malnutrition, the program targets various facets of the issue, including undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and the rising trend of overweight and obesity among different age groups.
• Participants are encouraged to develop interdisciplinary strategies that combine public policy, technology, and community-level interventions to ensure a malnutrition-free India.

Additional Information

• Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2):
• Known as Zero Hunger, this goal aims to end hunger, achieve food security, and improve nutrition globally by the year 2030.
• It emphasizes doubling the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers to ensure sustainable food production systems.
• Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3):
• This goal focuses on Good Health and Well-being, ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages.
• Proper nutrition is considered a foundational pillar for achieving the targets under this goal, as it directly impacts maternal and child mortality rates.
• The Challenge of Malnutrition:
• Malnutrition remains a critical public health concern, manifesting as stunting (low height-for-age), wasting (low weight-for-height), and anemia.
• According to various health surveys, including NFHS-5, a significant percentage of children under 5 years and women of reproductive age in India suffer from nutritional deficiencies.
• Youth-Led Initiatives:
• Competitions like Yukti empower the youth to transition from passive learners to active problem solvers in the national development agenda.
• These platforms serve as a bridge between Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) and government bodies to foster evidence-based policy making.

Important Points

• POSHAN Abhiyaan: The Prime Minister's Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nourishment, launched in 2018, provides the overarching framework for nutrition-related interventions that competitions like Yukti seek to augment.
• Triple Burden of Malnutrition: Modern nutritional challenges include the coexistence of undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies (hidden hunger), and overnutrition (obesity), all of which require tailored solutions.
• Viksit Bharat @ 2047: Addressing health and nutrition is a key component of the vision to make India a developed nation by the 100^th year of Independence.
• Technological Integration: Modern solutions often involve the use of Data Analytics, AI, and mobile platforms to monitor nutritional delivery and identify malnutrition hotspots in real-time.

The correct answer is Kargil Vijay Diwas.

Key Points

• Kargil Vijay Diwas is observed every year on July 26 to commemorate the victory of the Indian Armed Forces over Pakistan in the Kargil War of 1999.
• The day marks the successful conclusion of Operation Vijay, during which India regained control of the high outposts in the Kargil-Dras sector that had been illegally occupied by Pakistani intruders.
• The Kargil War lasted for more than 60 days, starting in May 1999 and officially ending on July 26, 1999, when Pakistan was completely evicted from Indian territory.
• On 26 July 2025, India observed the 26^th anniversary of this historic victory, paying tribute to the 527 soldiers who made the supreme sacrifice for the nation.
• The main celebrations are typically held at the Kargil War Memorial located in Dras, Ladakh, which is often referred to as the second coldest inhabited place in the world. Hence, the correct answer is Kargil Vijay Diwas.

Additional Information

• Other Important National Days:
• Republic Day: Observed on 26 January every year, it commemorates the date on which the Constitution of India came into effect in 1950.
• Independence Day: Observed on 15 August, it marks India's freedom from British rule in 1947.
• Border Security Day: While 1 December is celebrated as the BSF Raising Day, Kargil Vijay Diwas specifically focuses on the joint military victory in the Kargil sector.
• The Kargil Conflict:
• The war was fought at high altitudes ranging from 11,000 to 18,000 feet, making it one of the most difficult mountain warfare operations in history.
• Operation Safed Sagar: This was the code name assigned to the Indian Air Force's role in acting jointly with the Indian Army during the conflict.
• Operation Talwar: This was the Indian Navy's blockade of Pakistani ports (specifically Karachi) during the war to cut off supply lines.

Important Points

• Heroes of Kargil: Several soldiers were awarded the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest military decoration, including Captain Vikram Batra, Lieutenant Manoj Kumar Pandey, Rifleman Sanjay Kumar, and Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav.
• Political Leadership: During the 1999 war, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee was the Prime Minister of India, and George Fernandes served as the Defence Minister.
• Geographic Location: The conflict took place in the Kargil district of Ladakh, along the Line of Control (LoC). Strategic peaks like Tiger Hill and Tololing were key battlegrounds.
• Global Significance: The Kargil War was the first direct conventional war between two nuclear-armed nations, drawing significant international attention and diplomatic pressure on Pakistan to withdraw.

The correct answer is Jordan.

Key Points

• The Senior Asian Wrestling Championship 2025 was designated to be hosted in Amman, the capital city of Jordan.
• The event was scheduled to take place from March 25 to March 30, 2025, bringing together elite wrestlers from across the Asian continent.
• This prestigious tournament is organized under the aegis of United World Wrestling (UWW) Asia, which is the continental governing body for the sport.
• The championship typically features three primary disciplines of wrestling: Men's Freestyle, Men's Greco-Roman, and Women's Freestyle.
• Jordan has increasingly become a preferred destination for international wrestling, having successfully hosted the U20 World Wrestling Championships in 2023 and the U17 and U23 Asian Championships in 2024.
• Hosting the Senior Asian Wrestling Championship is a significant milestone for Jordan, reinforcing its position as a growing hub for combat sports in the West Asia region.

Additional Information

• United World Wrestling (UWW):
• It is the international governing body for the sport of amateur wrestling, headquartered in Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland.
• The organization was formerly known as FILA (Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées) until its rebranding in 2014.
• History of Asian Wrestling Championships:
• The Asian Wrestling Championships first commenced in 1979 for men's freestyle and Greco-Roman events.
• Women's wrestling was officially integrated into the championship program in 1996, highlighting the growth of the sport among female athletes in Asia.
• Previous Host (2024):
• The 2024 edition of the Senior Asian Wrestling Championships was held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, in April 2024.
• Countries like Japan, Iran, Kazakhstan, and India are historically the dominant forces in these continental championships.
• Significance of the Event:
• The championships are crucial for athletes to gain UWW World Ranking points, which determine seeding for major global events such as the World Championships and the Olympic Games.
• The tournament serves as a platform to showcase the technical prowess of Asian wrestlers, who currently hold numerous world and Olympic titles.

The correct answer is DPSU Bhawan.

Key Points

• Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated DPSU Bhawan, a dedicated office complex for Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs), in New Delhi in November 2024.
• The facility is located at Kasturba Gandhi Marg and serves as a centralized hub to facilitate better coordination between the Ministry of Defence and various DPSUs. Hence, the statement regarding the inauguration of DPSU Bhawan is correct.
• The DPSU Bhawan is designed to provide a collaborative workspace for the executives and liaison officers of different defence production entities under one roof.
• The building is equipped with modern amenities, meeting rooms, and high-tech communication systems to streamline administrative functions and decision-making processes.
• This initiative is part of the government's broader vision to enhance ease of doing business within the defence sector and promote synergy among the seven new defence companies and older establishments.

Additional Information

• Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs):
• There are several DPSUs in India, including giants like Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), and Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL).
• In October 2021, the government dissolved the Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) and converted its 41 factories into seven new DPSUs to improve efficiency and competitiveness.
• These seven companies include Munitions India Limited (MIL), Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited (AVANI), and Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited (AWE India).
• Aatmanirbharta in Defence:
• The Ministry of Defence has set a target of achieving a defence manufacturing turnover of Rs 1.75 lakh crore by 2024-25.
• India's defence exports reached a record high of over Rs 21,000 crore in the financial year 2023-24, showcasing the success of the 'Make in India' program.
• Positive Indigenisation Lists have been notified by the government to ban the import of several hundred items, encouraging local production by DPSUs and private players.

Important Points

• Strategic Significance: The DPSU Bhawan symbolizes the shift towards a more corporate culture within government-owned defence entities, focusing on profitability and global standards.
• Infrastructure: The building was constructed with a focus on sustainability, adhering to Green Building norms to minimize environmental impact in the heart of the National Capital.
• Operational Efficiency: By bringing liaison offices to a single location, the Ministry of Defence aims to reduce red tape and accelerate the procurement and production timelines for Armed Forces requirements.

The correct answer is World Bank.

Key Points

• In April 2025, the World Bank officially acknowledged India's significant milestone in poverty reduction, noting that the country lifted 171 million people out of extreme poverty.
• The World Bank report highlighted that India's achievement is one of the fastest reductions in poverty globally, driven by sustained economic growth and targeted social welfare programs.
• Key contributors to this success include the massive expansion of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), which enabled the seamless delivery of Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT) to the most vulnerable populations.
• The international financial institution praised the effectiveness of schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY), which provided food security to over 800 million citizens, preventing a slide back into poverty during global economic shocks.
• This recognition underscores India's progress toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG 1), which aims to end poverty in all its forms everywhere by 2030.

Additional Information

• World Bank Group:
• The World Bank was established in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., USA.
• It consists of two main institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA).
• Its primary mission is to provide loans, grants, and technical assistance to developing countries to reduce poverty and promote shared prosperity.
• Extreme Poverty Line:
• The World Bank defines extreme poverty as living on less than $2.15 per person per day, based on 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) prices.
• This international poverty line is used to monitor global progress toward the elimination of severe economic deprivation.
• Other International Organizations:
• United Nations (UN): An intergovernmental organization founded in 1945 to maintain international peace and security and achieve international cooperation.
• International Monetary Fund (IMF): Also founded in 1944, it focuses on global monetary cooperation, financial stability, and international trade.
• Asian Development Bank (ADB): Established in 1966 and headquartered in Manila, Philippines, it focuses on social and economic development in Asia and the Pacific.

Important Points

• Poverty Measurement in India: While the World Bank uses the $2.15 line, India also uses the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), tracked by NITI Aayog, which considers health, education, and standard of living.
• Impact of Digitization: India's JAM Trinity (Jan Dhan accounts, Aadhaar, and Mobile connectivity) has been cited by the World Bank as a global model for financial inclusion.
• Historical Context: India has historically been home to a large number of the world's poor, but rapid GDP growth since the 1991 reforms and recent welfare innovations have drastically changed the demographic landscape.
• Global Poverty Reports: The World Bank periodically releases the Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report, providing the latest data on global trends and the impact of policy interventions.

The correct answer is Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC), 2011.

Key Points

• The Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) was launched in June 2011 across all States and Union Territories of India.
• It represented the first major effort to collect detailed caste data at a national scale since the 1931 Census, which was the last time caste-wide data was fully enumerated in British India.
• The SECC 2011 was not conducted under the Census Act of 1948, but rather as a separate administrative exercise to identify beneficiaries for welfare schemes.
• It was carried out through three different agencies: the Ministry of Rural Development (for rural areas), the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (for urban areas), and the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner (for the caste and religious enumeration).
• The primary objective was to rank households based on their socio-economic status using specific deprivation indicators, enabling the government to target subsidies and social security benefits more effectively.

Additional Information

• Decennial Census of India:
• The regular Census of India is conducted every 10 years by the Ministry of Home Affairs.
• Since independence, the regular census has only published data for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), avoiding a comprehensive count of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) or general castes.
• The last completed regular census took place in 2011, while the 2021 Census was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Economic Census:
• This exercise focuses on the structure and activities of entrepreneurial units (both agricultural and non-agricultural) in the country.
• The first Economic Census was conducted in 1977, and the seventh was initiated in 2019. It does not primarily collect caste-based demographic data.
• National Sample Survey (NSS):
• The NSSO (now part of the National Statistical Office - NSO) conducts periodic surveys on employment, consumer expenditure, and literacy.
• While it provides statistical estimates regarding caste groups (like OBCs), it is based on sampling rather than a 100% headcount of the population.

Important Points

• Data Publication: Although the SECC 2011 data regarding socio-economic indicators was released in July 2015, the specific caste data was withheld by the government, citing technical flaws and classification complexities.
• Mandal Commission: In the absence of modern caste data, the Mandal Commission (1979) used the 1931 Census figures to estimate the OBC population at 52%.
• State Initiatives: Due to the delay in a national caste census, states like Bihar conducted their own Caste-based Survey in 2023, which reported that Extremely Backward Classes (EBCs) and OBCs together constitute over 63% of the state's population.
• 2025 Outlook: The central government has indicated that the next Decennial Census, likely beginning in 2025, may incorporate new methodologies or categories to address the long-standing demand for updated caste statistics.

The correct answer is Ranveer Allahbadia.

Key Points

• Ranveer Allahbadia, popularly known by his digital alias BeerBiceps, is a leading Indian YouTuber, entrepreneur, and social media influencer.
• In 2017, he co-founded Monk Entertainment (Monk-E) alongside his partner Viraj Sheth. The company began as a talent management agency and has since evolved into a full-service digital marketing and branding firm.
• He is the creator and host of "The Ranveer Show" (TRS), which is widely recognized as India’s smartest podcast. The show features interviews with high-profile individuals across fields like geopolitics, science, spirituality, and business.
• By 2025, he has established himself as a central figure in the Indian creator economy, leveraging his influence to promote self-improvement, mental health, and entrepreneurship among the youth.
• He was one of the prominent winners at the inaugural National Creators Award in 2024, where he received the Disruptor of the Year award from the Prime Minister of India.

Additional Information

• Monk Entertainment (Monk-E):
• Headquartered in Mumbai, this agency manages some of India’s top digital creators and handles influencer marketing for various global brands.
• The organization specializes in content strategy, video production, and social media management, bridging the gap between traditional brands and the new-age creator economy.
• Early Career and Evolution:
• Ranveer started his YouTube journey in December 2015 with a focus on fitness and nutrition.
• His content transitioned from physical health to mental well-being, grooming, and eventually to entrepreneurial motivation and spirituality.
• Level SuperMind:
• Apart from Monk-E, Ranveer is a co-founder of the Level app (Level SuperMind), a meditation and mindfulness platform designed to improve productivity and cognitive performance.
• The app reflects his commitment to the wellness sector and integrates ancient wisdom with modern technology.
• Global Impact:
• Through his podcast TRS, he has interviewed international figures and global leaders, helping to put Indian digital content on the global map.
• He has been featured in Forbes India 30 Under 30 and various other power lists, acknowledging his impact on the media and entertainment landscape.

Important Points

• Role in Digital India: Ranveer is often cited as an example of the potential of the digital creator ecosystem to drive economic growth and skill development in modern India.
• Diverse Content: His channels cover a variety of languages, including Hindi and English, ensuring a wide reach across different demographics and age groups.
• Strategic Partnerships: Under his leadership, Monk-E has secured partnerships with major tech giants and FMCG companies, influencing how marketing is executed in the Web 3.0 era.

The correct answer is Glasgow, Scotland.

Key Points

• The city of Glasgow, Scotland, was officially announced as the host for the prestigious Michelin Guide Ceremony Great Britain & Ireland 2025.
• The event took place on February 10, 2025, at the iconic Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, a venue renowned for its architectural beauty and cultural significance.
• This marks a historic occasion as it is the first time the Michelin Guide has held its annual revelation ceremony in Scotland. Hence, option 1 is correct.
• The ceremony is the platform where the new Michelin Stars, Green Stars, and Special Awards for the 2025 edition are revealed to the culinary world.
• The selection of Glasgow highlights the city's rapidly evolving gastronomic scene and its reputation as a major cultural and culinary hub in the United Kingdom.

Additional Information

• The Michelin Guide System:
• One Michelin Star: Denotes "a very good restaurant in its category."
• Two Michelin Stars: Indicates "excellent cooking, worth a detour."
• Three Michelin Stars: The highest accolade, representing "exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey."
• Bib Gourmand: Awarded to restaurants that offer good quality food at a moderate price.
• Michelin Green Star:
• Introduced in 2020, the Green Star recognizes restaurants that are leaders in sustainable gastronomy and environmental accountability.
• Host City History:
• In recent years, the Michelin Guide has moved its ceremony to various cities to celebrate regional culinary excellence. Manchester hosted the event in 2024, while Silverstone in Northamptonshire was the host in 2023.
• Economic and Cultural Impact:
• Hosting the awards provides a significant boost to local tourism and the hospitality sector. For Glasgow, the event was supported by Glasgow Life and Scotland Food & Drink to showcase Scottish produce on a global stage.

Important Points

• Origin: The Michelin Guide was first published in 1900 in France by the Michelin tyre company to encourage motorists to travel more, thereby increasing tyre sales.
• Anonymity: The Michelin Inspectors are famously anonymous and behave like regular customers to ensure the integrity and independence of their reviews.
• Scope: The Great Britain & Ireland guide covers England, Scotland, Wales, and the Republic of Ireland.
• Culinary Diversity: While Edinburgh (Option 4) has traditionally held the most stars in Scotland, Glasgow has gained international attention with restaurants such as Cail Bruich and Unalome by Graeme Cheevers.

The correct answer is ₹17 crore.

Key Points

• As of 11 June 2025, Punjab National Bank (PNB) has provided financial assistance amounting to approximately ₹17 crore to the families of martyrs under its specialized scheme.
• The aid was disbursed as part of the PNB Rakshak Plus scheme, which is specifically designed to provide social security and financial protection to the members of the Indian Armed Forces and their dependents.
• This initiative highlights the bank's commitment to supporting the families of soldiers who made the supreme sacrifice in the line of duty.
• The financial support includes Personal Accident Insurance (PAI) claims, which are processed efficiently to ensure that the bereaved families receive timely assistance without extensive administrative delays.
• The ₹17 crore figure represents the cumulative total of claims settled for the families of personnel from the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Paramilitary forces who were covered under this institutional arrangement. Hence, the correct option is ₹17 crore.

Additional Information

• PNB Rakshak Plus Scheme:
• This is a flagship Salary Savings Account scheme launched by Punjab National Bank for personnel of the Indian Army, Air Force, Navy, Indian Coast Guard, Border Security Force (BSF), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), and other paramilitary forces.
• The scheme offers Personal Accident Insurance (Death) cover of up to ₹50 lakh and Air Accident Insurance (Death) cover of up to ₹1 crore.
• It also includes benefits such as total and partial disability coverage, which provides financial relief in case of service-related injuries.
• The account offers additional perks like zero balance requirements, unlimited free ATM transactions, and concessions on locker rents and home loan interest rates.
• Punjab National Bank (PNB):
• PNB is one of the oldest public sector banks in India, having been established in May 1894 in Lahore.
• The bank was founded by the prominent nationalist leader Lala Lajpat Rai and is headquartered in New Delhi.
• It currently stands as one of the largest public sector banks in the country after its merger with Oriental Bank of Commerce and United Bank of India in 2020.
• The bank plays a crucial role in financial inclusion and national development through various government-backed social welfare schemes.

Important Points

• The PNB Rakshak Plus scheme is a refined version of the previous PNB Rakshak scheme, updated with higher insurance limits and better educational benefits for the children of the deceased personnel.
• Under the educational assistance clause, the bank provides funds for the education of the girl child or wards of the martyr to ensure their academic future remains secure.
• Claims Settlement Process: The bank has simplified the documentation process for martyrs' families, often appointing dedicated nodal officers to assist with the paperwork to ensure funds reach the beneficiaries quickly.

The correct answer is Jaipur Municipal Corporation - Greater (JMC-G).

Key Points

• The Adarsh Sports Complex in Jaipur was developed and executed by the Jaipur Municipal Corporation - Greater (JMC-G) to provide state-of-the-art sporting facilities to the local residents. Hence, option 1 is correct.
• The complex was officially inaugurated in April 2025, marking a significant milestone in the urban infrastructure development of the capital city of Rajasthan.
• The primary objective of the JMC-G in establishing this complex is to promote a culture of fitness and sports at the grassroot level, ensuring that talented youth have access to professional training environments.
• The development included the construction of multipurpose indoor halls, synthetic tracks, and facilities for sports such as badminton, basketball, and table tennis.
• This initiative reflects the municipal body's commitment to enhancing the Quality of Life in urban areas through the creation of open spaces and recreational hubs.

Additional Information

• Jaipur Municipal Corporation - Greater (JMC-G):
• It is one of the two municipal bodies in Jaipur, created after the bifurcation of the original Jaipur Municipal Corporation in October 2020.
• The jurisdiction of JMC-G includes major areas such as Malviya Nagar, Sanganer, Mansarovar, and Jhotwara.
• The corporation is responsible for urban planning, waste management, and social infrastructure development within its geographical limits.
• Sports Infrastructure in Rajasthan:
• The state government has been actively pushing for decentralized sports growth through the Rajasthan State Sports Council (RSSC), which was established in 1958.
• Jaipur is home to the famous Sawai Mansingh Stadium (SMS Stadium), which serves as a major venue for national and international events.
• Newer projects like the Chaup Cricket Stadium are being developed to make the city a global sports destination.
• Urban Development Schemes:
• Municipal projects in India are often supported by the 15^th Finance Commission grants and state-specific schemes like the Mukhyamantri Shahari Jan Sahabhagita Yojana.
• The integration of sports complexes within residential zones is a key feature of modern Smart City initiatives in India.

Important Points

• The Adarsh Sports Complex is specifically designed to meet Olympic-standard specifications for certain indoor sports to encourage competitive participation among school and college students.
• The funding for such municipal projects often involves a mix of Corporation Funds and State Government subsidies aimed at public welfare.
• The Mayor and the Municipal Commissioner play a pivotal role in the approval and timely completion of these large-scale infrastructure projects in Jaipur.
• The inauguration in April 2025 aligns with the state's vision of becoming a leader in the Khelo India rankings by providing localized training centers.

The correct answer is Rajkot.

Key Points

• In January 2025, the Honorable Chief Minister of Gujarat, Shri Bhupendra Patel, officially inaugurated the Khel Mahakumbh 3.0 in the city of Rajkot.
• The mega sporting event was launched at the Race Course Ground, marking the start of a month-long competition aimed at fostering a robust sports culture across the state.
• The inauguration ceremony was strategically timed to coincide with National Youth Day on January 12, which celebrates the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda.
• Khel Mahakumbh 3.0 is designed to provide a platform for athletes from diverse backgrounds to showcase their talent in over 35 different sports categories.
• The event emphasizes the "Khelshe Gujarat, Jitshe Gujarat" (Gujarat will play, Gujarat will win) spirit, encouraging mass participation from the grass-roots level to the state level.

Additional Information

• Origin of Khel Mahakumbh:
• The Khel Mahakumbh initiative was first conceptualized and launched in the year 2010 by the then Chief Minister of Gujarat and current Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi.
• It was started to mark the Golden Jubilee (50 years) of the formation of Gujarat state.
• Evolution of the Event:
• Since its inception, the event has seen exponential growth; the first edition had around 16 lakh participants, while recent editions have seen registrations exceeding 50 lakhs to 60 lakhs.
• The Khel Mahakumbh 2.0 was previously inaugurated by the Governor and Chief Minister in Ahmedabad in late 2023.
• Structure and Rewards:
• The competitions are organized across various age groups, including Under-9, Under-11, Under-14, Under-17, Open Age Category, and even Special Khel Mahakumbh for differently-abled athletes.
• The Gujarat Government provides substantial cash prizes and scholarships to the winners at the village, taluka, district, and state levels to encourage professional sports as a career.
• Incentivizing Sports Excellence:
• The state utilizes these events to identify talented athletes for further training at the Swarnim Gujarat Sports University and various high-performance centers.
• The initiative plays a crucial role in preparing athletes for national events like the Khelo India Youth Games and international stages like the Olympics.

Important Points

• Olympic Aspirations: The state of Gujarat is aggressively building world-class sports infrastructure as part of India's bid to host the 2036 Olympic Games in Ahmedabad.
• Diverse Disciplines: Khel Mahakumbh 3.0 includes traditional Indian sports such as Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, and Yogasana, alongside global sports like Athletics, Swimming, Lawn Tennis, and Archery.
• Rajkot's Significance: Rajkot, known as the commercial capital of the Saurashtra region, was chosen for the 3.0 launch to decentralize sporting activities and highlight regional infrastructure.
• Digital Integration: The Sports Authority of Gujarat (SAG) managed the entire registration process through a dedicated online portal and mobile application to ensure transparency and wide reach.

The correct answer is January 2025.

Key Points

• The Government of India officially reconstituted the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) in January 2025. This move is part of the periodic update of the commission's membership to include top-tier administrative and financial leadership.
• The newly reconstituted commission now includes T.V. Somanathan, who currently serves as the Cabinet Secretary of India. His inclusion ensures high-level executive coordination between the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and the broader government machinery.
• Another key official added to the commission is Manoj Govil, the Secretary in the Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance. Having the Expenditure Secretary on the commission is vital for the financial oversight and budgetary planning of India’s capital-intensive nuclear projects.
• The Atomic Energy Commission is the apex body responsible for formulating the policies of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), which functions directly under the Prime Minister of India.
• The commission's mandate involves the promotion of nuclear science, research, and the development of nuclear power to meet the country's energy demands and strategic requirements.
• Hence, the correct answer is January 2025.

Additional Information

• Structure of the Atomic Energy Commission:
• The Chairman of the AEC is ex-officio the Secretary to the Government of India in the Department of Atomic Energy. As of recent updates, Dr. Ajit Kumar Mohanty holds this prestigious position.
• The commission typically includes the Cabinet Secretary, the Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister, the Foreign Secretary, and the Finance Secretary as members to provide a multidisciplinary approach to nuclear governance.
• Headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, the AEC oversees various research centers like the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and industrial units like Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL).
• Historical Background:
• The Atomic Energy Commission was first established in August 1948, shortly after India gained independence. Dr. Homi J. Bhabha served as its first Chairman and is widely regarded as the father of the Indian nuclear program.
• The commission was later reconstituted in 1958 with enhanced executive and financial powers, emphasizing the importance the Government of India placed on self-reliance in atomic energy.
• T.V. Somanathan:
• He is a 1987-batch IAS officer of the Tamil Nadu cadre. Before becoming the Cabinet Secretary in August 2024, he served as the Finance Secretary and Expenditure Secretary, playing a crucial role in managing India's fiscal policy.
• Manoj Govil:
• He is a 1991-batch IAS officer from the Madhya Pradesh cadre. He assumed the role of Expenditure Secretary in the Ministry of Finance, succeeding Somanathan in that specific vertical before being inducted into the AEC.

Important Points

• Strategic Significance: The presence of the Cabinet Secretary and Expenditure Secretary in the AEC is essential for the rapid implementation of the Three-Stage Nuclear Power Programme. This program focuses on utilizing India’s Thorium reserves to ensure long-term energy security.
• Governance: The DAE and AEC are unique in the Indian administrative system as they report directly to the Prime Minister, bypassing traditional ministerial layers to ensure speed and confidentiality in strategic matters.
• Recent Developments: In recent years, the Government of India has been pushing for the expansion of Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) and the development of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) to decarbonize the power sector by 2070.

p data-end="57" data-start="0">The correct answer is Advancing food security, trade and innovation.

Key Points

• The 7^th Future Food Forum 2025 was a landmark event held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), focusing on the future of the Food and Beverage (F&B) industry.
• The primary focus of this edition was Advancing food security, trade and innovation, which is critical for the region's long-term economic and nutritional stability. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• The forum provided a platform for policymakers, industry leaders, and innovators to discuss strategies for building a more resilient and sustainable food ecosystem.
• It specifically addressed the supply chain challenges and the need for digital transformation within the food manufacturing and distribution sectors to ensure food security.
• The event emphasized that innovation in food technology and trade facilitation are the two main pillars that will drive the growth of the F&B sector in the Middle East.

Additional Information

• Organizing Body:
• The forum was organized by the UAE Food & Beverage Manufacturers Group (F&B Group), which operates under the aegis of the Dubai Chamber of Commerce.
• The group plays a vital role in representing the interests of the manufacturing sector and fostering public-private partnerships to achieve national goals.
• National Food Security Strategy 2051:
• The UAE has a dedicated National Food Security Strategy 2051, which aims to make the country a world-leading hub in innovation-driven food security.
• The 7^th Future Food Forum aligns with this strategy by promoting local food production and utilizing modern technologies like Agri-tech and AI.
• Sustainability and ESG:
• A significant portion of the discussion was dedicated to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles and the reduction of food waste.
• The forum highlighted the Circular Economy model as a means to reduce the environmental footprint of the global manufacturing networks within the food industry.

Important Points

• Global Trade Hub:
• Dubai serves as a major re-export hub for food products globally, and the forum emphasized streamlining trade policies to enhance export capabilities.
• The Ministry of Economy and the Ministry of Climate Change and Environment are key stakeholders in ensuring the UAE remains at the forefront of global food trade.
• Innovation and Agri-Tech:
• Technological advancements such as Vertical Farming, Hydroponics, and Automated Logistics were showcased as solutions to the challenges of desert agriculture.
• The 2025 forum also focused on the role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in driving innovation and providing niche food solutions to the market.

The correct answer is Environment Minister, GoI.

Key Points

• The awards for the Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan (Clean Air Survey) are typically conferred by the Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
• For the year 2024-2025, the awards recognize cities that have made significant improvements in air quality and implemented effective measures under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP).
• The ceremony is usually organized on September 7, which marks the International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies, an initiative by the United Nations.
• The Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan ranks 131 cities across the country into three categories based on population: Category 1 (above 10 lakh), Category 2 (3 to 10 lakh), and Category 3 (less than 3 lakh).
• The ranking is based on self-assessment reports submitted by cities on the PRANA portal, which are then vetted by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

Additional Information

• National Clean Air Programme (NCAP):
• Launched in January 2019, it is a long-term, time-bound, national-level strategy to tackle the air pollution problem across the country.
• The original target was to achieve a 20% to 30% reduction in Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations by 2024, taking 2017 as the base year.
• The goal was later updated to achieve a 40% reduction in particulate matter concentrations by the year 2026.
• Assessment Parameters:
• Cities are evaluated on eight thematic areas, including control of biomass and municipal solid waste burning, road dust management, construction and demolition waste, vehicular emissions, and industrial pollution.
• Public awareness programs and improvements in PM10 concentrations carry significant weightage in the final score.
• PRANA Portal:
• PRANA stands for Portal for Regulation of Air-pollution in Non-Attainment cities.
• It is a platform used to monitor the implementation of the NCAP and track the progress of city-specific Action Plans.

Important Points

• Ministerial Role: The Environment Minister, currently Shri Bhupender Yadav (as of the recent sessions), plays a pivotal role in steering the MoEFCC towards sustainable urban development and pollution control.
• Top Performing Cities: In recent cycles, cities like Indore, Agra, Thane, and Surat have consistently secured top positions in Category 1 for their exemplary air quality management.
• Non-Attainment Cities: These are 131 cities that consistently failed to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for over five years. The NCAP specifically targets these urban centers to ensure healthier breathing conditions for millions of citizens.
• Global Context: The International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies was established by the UN General Assembly in 2019 to emphasize the need for international cooperation to improve air quality globally.

p>The correct answer is Ben Duckett.

 

Key Points

• Ben Duckett set a remarkable record by scoring 165 runs, which is highlighted as a significant individual score in high-profile limited-overs cricket.
• The England opening batsman achieved this feat during the 5^th ODI against Australia on September 29, 2024.
• His innings of 165 came off just 117 balls, including 13 boundaries and 8 sixes, showcasing an aggressive batting display at the County Ground in Bristol.
• This score surpassed previous records for the highest individual score by an England opener against Australia in ODI history.
• While the ICC Champions Trophy record was historically held by Nathan Astle (145*), the score of 165 by Ben Duckett represents a new benchmark in top-tier international tournament contexts as per recent sporting data. Hence, the statement regarding Ben Duckett is correct.

Additional Information

• Josh Inglis:
• He is a professional Australian cricketer who plays as a wicketkeeper-batsman.
• Josh Inglis was born in England but moved to Australia at the age of 14.
• He is known for his versatile stroke play and was part of the Australia squad that won the 2023 ICC Cricket World Cup.
• Ibrahim Zadran:
• He is a talented Afghan cricketer who serves as a regular opening batsman for the Afghanistan national team.
• In 2023, Ibrahim Zadran became the first Afghan player to score a century in the history of the ICC Cricket World Cup during a match against Australia.
• He made his international debut in 2019 and has since become a backbone of the Afghanistan batting lineup.
• Alex Carey:
• Alex Carey is an Australian international cricketer who plays as a wicketkeeper.
• He formerly played Australian Rules Football and was the captain of the Greater Western Sydney Giants in the TAC Cup.
• In ODI cricket, Carey is known for his composure under pressure and has been a vital part of Australia's middle order for several years.
• Ben Duckett's Career:
• Ben Duckett represents Nottinghamshire in domestic cricket and has been a key figure in the England "Bazball" era of aggressive play.
• His 165 in 2024 solidified his position as one of the most dangerous left-handed openers in the world.

Important Points

• Tournament History: The ICC Champions Trophy is a prestigious ODI tournament; the 2025 edition is scheduled to be hosted in Pakistan.
• Record Context: Individual scores exceeding 150 are rare in major trophy formats, making Ben Duckett's 165 a standout statistical achievement in 2024.
• Venue Statistics: The Bristol ground is known for being relatively small with a flat pitch, often resulting in high-scoring ODI matches.

The correct answer is Bagori Range.

Key Points

• The Bagori Range, also famously known as the Western Range of Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve, was officially announced to be the first range to open for the 2025–26 tourist season in September 2025.
• Traditionally, the Bagori Range is preferred for the early start of the season because its tracks and terrain usually dry up faster after the monsoon floods compared to the central or eastern sectors.
• The opening of the park generally occurs in a phased manner, starting with Jeep Safaris in the Bagori and Kohora ranges, while Elephant Safaris are introduced later once the ground is sufficiently firm.
• This announcement is crucial for the tourism industry in Assam, as the park remains closed from May to September every year due to the overflow of the Brahmaputra River.
• The Bagori Range is highly popular among tourists specifically for sightings of the Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros, as the visibility in this grassland-dominated range is exceptionally high.

Additional Information

• Kaziranga National Park: Located in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of the state of Assam, India. It was established as a Reserve Forest in 1905, declared a National Park in 1974, and designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.
• The Big Five: The park is globally recognized for conserving five major species: the One-Horned Rhinoceros (hosting over 2,600 individuals), the Royal Bengal Tiger, the Asian Elephant, the Wild Water Buffalo, and the Eastern Swamp Deer (Barasingha).
• Tiger Reserve Status: It was declared a Tiger Reserve in 2006 and currently holds one of the highest densities of tigers in the world.
• Geographical Features: The park is situated on the edge of the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot and is bounded by the Brahmaputra River to the north and the Karbi Anglong Hills to the south. It covers a core area of approximately 430 square kilometers.
• Flora and Avifauna: The vegetation consists of tall elephant grass, marshland, and dense tropical moist broadleaf forests. It is also an Important Bird Area (IBA), home to over 478 species of birds, including migratory species from Central Asia.

Important Points

• Bagori Range (Western Range): This is the primary choice for Jeep Safaris and is known for its high-density population of Rhinos. It is located in the Nagaon district side of the park. Hence, it is the correct answer.
• Kohora Range (Central Range): This range is the administrative hub of the park. It is the most visited range and is the primary location for Elephant Safaris. However, it was not the first to be announced for the 2025–26 season. Hence, this option is incorrect.
• Agaratoli Range (Eastern Range): Located in the Golaghat district, this range is famous for bird watching and Wild Water Buffaloes. It usually opens slightly later than the Western range due to its proximity to the Brahmaputra. Hence, this option is incorrect.
• Burapahar Range (Ghorakati): This range is situated at the edge of the hills and is excellent for spotting primates like the Hoolock Gibbon and the Capped Langur. It offers trekking opportunities which are unique to this sector. Hence, this option is incorrect.
• Conservation History: The park's protection began after Mary Curzon, the wife of the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, visited the area in 1904 and failed to see a single rhinoceros, prompting immediate conservation measures.

The correct answer is Jammu and Kashmir.

Key Points

• The world’s highest rail arch bridge, known as the Chenab Bridge, is located in the Reasi district of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
• The bridge stands at a staggering height of 359 meters (approximately 1,178 feet) above the river bed, making it 35 meters taller than the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
• It was inaugurated for full-scale operations as part of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL) project, a massive infrastructure undertaking by the Indian Railways to provide all-weather connectivity to the Kashmir Valley.
• The bridge spans the Chenab River between Bakkal and Kauri. It is a structural marvel designed to withstand high-velocity winds of up to 266 kmph and extreme temperatures.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi has emphasized this project as a symbol of national integration and a major step toward the socio-economic development of the region. Hence, the correct answer is Jammu and Kashmir.

Additional Information

• USBRL Project Details:
• The Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link is a 272-km long railway line.
• It is considered one of the most challenging engineering projects in the history of Indian Railways due to the complex Himalayan geology and seismic activity.
• The project involves the construction of numerous tunnels and bridges, including the Anji Khad Bridge, which is India’s first cable-stayed rail bridge.
• Technical Specifications of Chenab Bridge:
• The total length of the bridge is 1,315 meters.
• It has been designed for a lifespan of roughly 120 years.
• The bridge is constructed using special blast-proof steel and can resist earthquakes of the highest intensity (Seismic Zone V).
• The construction involved the use of two of the largest cable cranes in the world for moving structural components across the valley.
• Economic and Strategic Impact:
• The completion of this bridge ensures that the Kashmir Valley is connected to the rest of India via the national railway grid throughout the year, overcoming the winter isolation caused by heavy snow on the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway.
• It facilitates easier movement of goods, services, and defense equipment, boosting the local economy through tourism and trade.

Important Points

• National Project Status: The USBRL project was declared a "Project of National Importance" in 2002.
• Konkan Railway Corporation Limited (KRCL): This organization played a pivotal role as the executing agency for the most difficult stretch of the project, including the Chenab Bridge.
• Comparison with Global Structures: Before the Chenab Bridge, the Beipan River Shuibai Railway Bridge in China (275 meters) held a prominent position, but the Chenab Bridge significantly surpasses its height.
• Employment Generation: The construction of the bridge and the rail link provided direct and indirect employment to thousands of locals in the Jammu and Kashmir region, fostering skill development in high-end engineering and masonry.