English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The correct sequence of the scattered segments is BAECD.

• B, "embracing authenticity and gratitude," serves as the introductory part, emphasizing the importance of adopting certain attitudes.
• A, "fortifies our emotional foundation," logically follows B, illustrating how embracing authenticity and gratitude contributes to emotional strength.
• E, "fostering resilience against comparison," connects well with A, expanding on the concept by highlighting one of the outcomes of a fortified emotional foundation.
• C, "and insatiable desires, revealing true security," follows E, extending the discussion further by mentioning the other outcome of a fortified emotional foundation, i.e., resilience against insatiable desires.
• D, "lies in appreciating what we possess," concludes the sentence, revealing that genuine security comes from appreciating what one already possesses.

 

The complete sentence would be - "Embracing authenticity and gratitude fortifies our emotional foundation, fostering resilience against comparison and insatiable desires, revealing true security lies in appreciating what we possess."

 

Additional Information

• Let's understand some important vocabulary given in the question:
• Embracing - actively accepting or adopting something, often a belief or idea, wholeheartedly (स्वीकार करना)
• For Example -
• The company culture embraced diversity, welcoming employees from varied backgrounds.
• Authenticity - being genuine, real, and true to oneself or others without pretence or falsehood (मूल्यवानता)
• For Example -
• Her authenticity in expressing emotions made her a trustworthy friend.
• Gratitude - the quality of being thankful or appreciative, often for something received or experienced (कृतज्ञता)
• For Example -
• Expressing gratitude for the help received strengthened their bond.
• Fortify - to strengthen or reinforce, especially against potential attacks or difficulties (मजबूती देना)
• For Example -
• Regular exercise and a balanced diet help fortify the body against illnesses.
• Foster - to encourage the growth or development of something, often nurturing or promoting its progress (पोषण करना)
• For Example -
• The school aims to foster creativity among its students through various art programs.
• Resilience - the ability to recover quickly from difficulties or challenges, to bounce back from adversity (टिकाऊता)
• For Example -
• Her resilience in the face of setbacks impressed everyone around her.
• Insatiable - impossible to satisfy or quench; always wanting more or constantly desiring something (अवशोषणीय)
• For Example -
• His insatiable curiosity led him to explore new fields of study continually.
• Appreciating - recognizing the value or significance of something, often showing gratitude or understanding its worth (मूल्यांकन)
• For Example -
• Appreciating the efforts of the team members boosted morale and motivation.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

​​The correct sequence of the scattered segments is BCDEA.

• B, "a Japan Airlines plane caught fire," is the first part as it introduces the incident that occurred at Tokyo's Haneda Airport involving a plane catching fire.
• C, "at Tokyo's Haneda Airport," comes next as the second part to provide the specific location where the incident took place.
• D, "after colliding with a Coast Guard aircraft," is the third part, logically following D, as it explains the cause or reason for the plane catching fire, offering further details about the incident.
• E, "leading to a fiery explosion, yet all passengers," comes next as the fourth part, explaining the consequences of the collision and the outcome of the incident.
• A, "and most crew were safely evacuated," is the last part, concluding the sentence by summarizing the safety outcome despite the fiery explosion.

 

The complete sentence would be: "A Japan Airlines plane caught fire at Tokyo's Haneda Airport after colliding with a Coast Guard aircraft, leading to a fiery explosion, yet all passengers and most crew were safely evacuated."

 

Additional Information

Let's understand some important vocabulary given in the question:

• Evacuate - remove (someone) from a place of danger to a safe place; leave or cause to leave a place to ensure safety (निकालना)
• For Example -
• The authorities ordered residents to evacuate the coastal areas due to the approaching hurricane.
• Collide - come into violent contact with something; crash together with force (टकराना)
• For Example -
• The two cars collided at the intersection, causing a major traffic jam.
• Crew - a group of people who work together, especially all those who work on and operate a ship, aircraft, or train (दल)
• For Example -
• The film's crew worked tirelessly to ensure the movie was completed on schedule.
• Explosion - a violent and destructive shattering or blowing apart of something, as is caused by a bomb (विस्फोट)
• For Example -
• The explosion in the factory led to significant damage to nearby buildings.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

​​The correct sequence of the scattered segments is DEABC.

• D, "excessive digital consumption echoes," is the first part, it sets the stage by introducing the reflection or consequence related to digital consumption.
• E, "the law of diminishing marginal utility," follows as the second part, connecting the consequence to a known economic principle, establishing a foundation for further discussion.
• A, "emphasizing the need for balance," is the third part, it builds upon this reflection, highlighting the necessity of balance in response to the consequence stated.
• B, "in navigating our online lives amid," is the fourth part, it contextualizes the situation, providing the setting or environment where this need for balance is relevant.
• C, "societal addiction to instant gratification," completes the sentence by providing an additional layer of context, outlining a prevalent behaviour affecting our online lives.

 

The complete sentence would be: "Excessive digital consumption echoes the law of diminishing marginal utility, emphasizing the need for balance in navigating our online lives amid societal addiction to instant gratification."

 

Additional Information

Let's understand some important vocabulary given in the question:

• Emphasize - to give special importance or prominence to something (जोर देना)
• For Example -
• The teacher emphasized the need for thorough research in the academic paper.
• Navigate - to find one's way or plan a course through something, often a complex situation (नेतृत्व करना)
• For Example -
• She had to navigate through a maze of regulations to start her own business.
• Addiction - a compulsive, chronic, physiological or psychological need for a habit-forming substance or behaviour, characterized by tolerance and withdrawal symptoms (व्यसन)
• For Example -
• His gambling addiction led to severe financial problems.
• Gratification - the pleasurable fulfilment or satisfaction of a desire or need (संतोष)
• For Example -
• The immediate gratification of buying new things didn't outweigh the long-term financial strain.
• Excessive - going beyond what is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate (अत्यधिक)
• For Example -
• Her excessive use of social media affected her productivity at work.
• Consumption - the act of using up goods or services, often in large quantities (खपत)
• For Example -
• The rising consumption of fossil fuels contributes to environmental pollution.
• Echo - to closely parallel or reflect an idea, feeling, or event (प्रतिध्वनि)
• For Example -
• Her sentiments echoed those of the majority in the room.
• Diminish - to make or become less; reduce or decrease (कम करना)
• For Example -
• The lack of funds could diminish the impact of the charity program.
• Marginal - of, relating to, or situated at the edge or margin; minimal or minor in importance (तटीय)
• For Example -
• The company made marginal improvements in its quarterly profits.
• Utility - the state of being useful, profitable, or beneficial (उपयोगिता)
• For Example -
• The utility of the new software was evident in how it streamlined the company's processes.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

​​The correct sequence of the scattered segments is EABCD.

• E, "the disparity between targeted and achieved," is the first part as it sets the context for the sentence, discussing a gap between anticipated and actual outcomes.
• A, "private-sector TB notifications in India," is the second part, providing specific context to the mentioned disparity, focusing on TB notifications within the private sector.
• B, "highlights the substantial gap in," is the third part, it connects the previous segments to emphasize the significance of the disparity mentioned.
• C, "identifying and treating TB cases," is the fourth part, it adds specificity to the gap highlighted, pinpointing it to the identification and treatment of tuberculosis cases.
• D, "especially in the private healthcare sector," is the last part as it further narrows down the focus of the sentence, emphasizing the specific area within healthcare where this gap is prominent.

 

The complete sentence would be: "The disparity between targeted and achieved private-sector TB notifications in India highlights the substantial gap in identifying and treating TB cases, especially in the private healthcare sector."

 

Additional Information

Let's understand some important vocabulary given in the question:

• Disparity - a significant difference or inequality, especially in terms of treatment, quality, or quantity (असमानता)
• For Example -
• The economic disparity between the rich and the poor in the country continues to widen.
• Substantial - considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent (महत्त्वपूर्ण)
• For Example -
• The company witnessed a substantial increase in profits after implementing the new marketing strategy.
• Notification - an official announcement, message, or communication that provides information about something (सूचना)
• For Example -
• The notification from the government warned citizens about the upcoming changes in tax regulations.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

​​The correct sequence of the scattered segments is ABDCE.

• A, "scientists aim to improve neural network efficiency," is the first part as it introduces the main objective, which is the scientists' aim to enhance neural network efficiency.
• B, "by integrating memory and processing units," is the second part as it elaborates on how this improvement will be achieved.
• D, "that explore live brain cell networks," follows logically as the third part after the integration of memory and processing units as it further explains the method or technology being utilized.
• C, "400,000 times more energy-efficient," logically follows D as it provides a quantitative measure of the efficiency gained, providing a comparison to silicon chip-based AI hardware.
• E, "than silicon chip-based AI hardware," concludes the sentence by emphasizing the significant improvement in efficiency achieved by this integration.

 

The complete sentence would be: "Scientists aim to improve neural network efficiency by integrating memory and processing units that explore live brain cell networks, 400,000 times more energy-efficient than silicon chip-based AI hardware."

 

Additional Information

Let's understand some important vocabulary given in the question:

• Efficiency - the ability to accomplish something with the least waste of time, effort, or resources (कुशलता)
• For Example -
• The company's new manufacturing process significantly improved efficiency by reducing production time and costs.
• Integrating - combining or bringing different elements together into a unified whole (एकीकरण)
• For Example -
• The software update aimed at integrating various features to provide a seamless user experience across devices.
• Explore - to investigate, analyze, or discover new information or possibilities (अन्वेषण)
• For Example -
• Scientists aim to explore the depths of the ocean to uncover new species and understand marine ecosystems better.

The correct answer is "Option 2".

Key Points

• The erroneous part is the use of "similarly".
• The sentence is in the present tense and the subject of the sentence is "Singapore," which is a singular noun.
• "Tax rates" is a noun and the word "similarly" is an adverb, but it's not correctly modifying the noun "tax rates" here.
• So the adjective "similar" should be used to describe the tax rates in Singapore correctly.
• Hence, "similar" should be used instead of "similarly".

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Correct Sentence: "Some have suggested that Singapore, a country with similar tax rates and a business-friendly environment, is the natural successor to Hong Kong."

Additional Information

• When comparing two things, the comparative form of an adjective is used. For Example, "similar" is the base form, while "more similar" or "less similar" are the comparative forms.
• Example: The two houses have similar structures, but the second one is more similar to the one we saw last month.

The correct answer is: 'Option 3'.

Key Points

• The error lies in 'Part C' that is: 'were to be arranged'.
• The given sentence has an error of the wrong usage of 'Verb'.
• Here, the subject 'a series' is in 'Singular'. So, the verb will also be 'Singular'.
• So, replacing 'were' with 'was' will make the sentence correct.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'C'.

Correct sentence: Our Head of the Department instructed us that a series of lectures on Tagore was to be arranged the following week and so we should not create any nuisance.

Additional Information

• 'Our Head of the Department instructed' is the correct part of the sentence.
• 'us that a series of lectures on Tagore' is the correct part of the sentence.
• 'the following week and so we should not create any nuisance' is the correct part of the sentence.

The correct answer is: 'Option 1'.

Key Points

• The error lies in 'Part B' that is: 'India's most fastest growing bird sanctuary'.
• The given sentence has an error of 'Degrees of Adjective'.
• The particular part of the sentence has an error of Double superlatives.
• So, omitting 'most' from the part of the sentence will make the sentence correct.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'B'.

Correct sentence: Bharatpur is transforming into India's  fastest growing bird sanctuary attracting thousands of rare migratory birds from other countries.

Additional Information

• 'Bharatpur is transforming into' is the correct part of the sentence.
• 'attracting thousands of rare migratory birds' is the correct part of the sentence.
• 'from other countries' is the correct part of the sentence.

The correct answer is 'Option 3.'

Key Points

• The error part lines in 'C' that is 'had been increased last month'.
• The past perfect tense "had been increased" is unnecessary in this context because the action of increasing the interest rates is still relevant to the present moment.
• The simple past tense "were increased" would be more appropriate to indicate that the increase in interest rates occurred last month and is still in effect.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'were increased last month'

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3.'

Correct sentence: The interest rates for savings accounts were increased last month due to the central bank's decision.

Additional Information

• Option 1) A: Incorrect. Part A does not contain an error.
• Option 2) B: Incorrect. Part B does not contain an error.
• Option 4) D: Incorrect. Part D does not contain an error.

The correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Key Points

• The error in the sentence is the incorrect use of the adverb "beautiful" instead of the adverb "beautifully."
• In the original sentence, "beautiful" is used as an adverb to describe the action of singing.
• However, "beautiful" is an adjective, not an adverb. The adverb form of "beautiful" is "beautifully."
• Therefore, to correctly modify the verb "sings," the adverb "beautifully" should be used instead of "beautiful" to indicate how she sings.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Correct sentence: She sings beautifully in the choir every Sunday, captivating the hearts of all who listen to her melodious voice.

Additional Information

• Option 2 is inappropriate as there is no error in it.
• Option 3 is inappropriate as there is no error in it.
• Option 4 is inappropriate as there is no error in it.

The correct answer is 'inflamed'.

Key Points

• The given sentence talks about the politician's controversial statement that sparked protests.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word for the given blank would be 'inflamed'.
• 'Inflamed' describes a condition characterized by redness, swelling, or heightened emotions. (सूजा हुआ, भड़कानेवाला)
• Example: The injured area became inflamed, causing pain and swelling.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

The complete sentence would be: The politician's controversial statement inflamed public opinion and sparked protests.

Additional InformationLet's understand the meaning of the other given options:

• Suppressed: Kept under control or restrained; subdued or stifled. (दबाया हुआ, नियंत्रित)
• Angered: Made angry or provoked; filled with resentment or displeasure. (क्रोधित, गुस्साया हुआ)
• Engraved: Carved, etched, or incised with a design or inscription on a hard surface. (खुदाई किया हुआ, नक्काशी किया हुआ)
• Settled: Resolved, established, or decided conclusively; firmly established in a place. (निश्चित, स्थायी)

The correct answer is 'overture'.

Key Points

• The given sentence talks about the government's economic policies to attract foreign investments.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word for the given blank would be 'overture'.
• 'Overture' refers to an introduction or opening move, often in the context of music, diplomacy, or literature. (प्रस्ताव, प्रारंभिक प्रस्ताव)
• Example: The peace talks began with a diplomatic overture, signalling a willingness to negotiate.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 5'.

The complete sentence would be: The government's economic policies can be seen as an overture to attract foreign investments.

Additional InformationLet's understand the meaning of the other options:

• Bolster: To support, strengthen, or reinforce; a long, narrow pillow or cushion. (सहारा देना, समर्थन करना)
• Aggression: Hostile or violent behaviour or attitudes; the act of initiating an attack or confrontation. (प्रकोप, हमला)
• Deception: The act of deceiving or misleading; the action of causing someone to believe something that is not true. (धोखा, छल)
• Abrogation: The repeal or abolition of a law, rule, or agreement; the act of officially ending or canceling something. (समाप्ति, अधिनियमन का समाप्त होना)

The correct answer is 'Ruckus.'

Key Points

• The given sentence says the effects of the fight or disturbance from the angry citizens left many people arrested for disturbing the peace.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'Ruckus'.
• Also, the use of the word ''disturbing'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'ruckus' in the blank.
• The word 'Ruckus' means A noisy fight or disturbance. (हंगामा) 
• Example: Due to the ruckus in the motel room next door, it woke my whole family up.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Complete Sentence: The effects of the ruckus from the angry citizens left many people arrested for disturbing the peace.

Additional Information

• Let us explore the other options:
• Contentment means A feeling of happiness and satisfaction. (मधुर संतुष्टि, संतोष)
• Ecstasy means A feeling or state of great happiness. (आह्लाद और आनंद की भावना; हर्षोन्माद)
• Elation means Great happiness and exhilaration. (अति प्रसन्‍नता, उल्‍लास, हर्ष)
• Gratification means Pleasure, especially when gained from the satisfaction of a desire. (संतोष, आनंद)

The correct answer is 'Derogatory.'

Key Points

• The given sentence talks about the public who criticized the basketball team owner after he made poor opinions or remarks about minorities.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'Derogatory'.
• Also, the use of the word ''criticized'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'derogatory' in the blank.
• The word 'Derogatory' means Conveying a poor opinion of something or someone. (प्रतिष्ठा रहित, अपमानजनक, अनादरपूर्ण)
• Example: Once you finish insulting me with derogatory words, we can have a peaceful conversation.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Complete Sentence: The public criticized the basketball team owner after he made derogatory remarks about minorities.

Additional Information

• Let us explore the other options:
• Mandatory means Required by a law or rule. (अनिवार्य)
• Victory means Success in winning a battle, game, competition, etc. (युद्घ, खेल, स्‍पर्धा आदि में सफलता, विजय, जीत, फ़तह)
• Possession means Something that someone owns or has with them at a particular time. (अधिकार)
• Advisory means Giving advice only; not having the power to make decisions. (केवल सलाहकारी; निर्णय करने के अधिकार से वंचित)

The correct answer is 'Constrict.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is talking about some people who wanted to narrow or reduce the entrance to the cave so that children would not move inside.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'Constrict'.
• Also, the use of the word ''entrance'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'constrict' in the blank.
• The word 'Constrict' means To narrow or reduce. (छोटा करना)
• Example: As we ventured further into the tunnel, the pathway appeared to constrict our movement.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Complete Sentence: They wanted to constrict the entrance to the cave so that children would not venture inside.

Additional Information

• Let us explore the other options:
• Predict means To say that something will happen in the future. (भविष्‍यवाणी करना)
• Strict means Not allowing people to break rules or behave badly. (सख्‍़त, कठोर)
• Conflict means A fight or an argument. (झगड़ा, संघर्ष या विवाद)
• Verdict means A decision that you make or an opinion that you give after testing something or considering something carefully. (परीक्षण या गंभीर सोच विचार के बाद किया गया या व्‍यक्त किया गया निर्णय; अभिमत)

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The Finance Minister announced that tourism revenue has reached a record high.
• This unprecedented surge has prompted the government to consider new measures to capitalise on the growth.
• The announcement highlights the significance of tourism as a vital component of the Greek economy.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Passage Excerpt: "Recently, the Finance Minister announced that revenue from tourism has reached a record high."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect - The passage does not discuss reducing the tourism tax.
• Option 3: Incorrect - The passage emphasizes the significant contribution of tourism to the Greek economy.
• Option 4: Incorrect - The passage does not mention stopping the promotion of tourism.
• Option 5: Incorrect - There is no mention of banning all tourism-related businesses in the passage.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage states that Alz hails from a modest village tucked away in the mountainous regions of Greece.
• It highlights that she faced limited local opportunities, prompting her to venture into the private sector.
• Alz's background reflects the broader opportunities tourism can provide to citizens in remote areas.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Passage Excerpt: "Alzara, known fondly as Alz, hails from a modest village tucked away in the mountainous regions of Greece."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect - The passage indicates she is from a modest village, not a large city.
• Option 2: Incorrect - The passage does not specify when she found her job in the tourism sector.
• Option 4: Incorrect - There is no mention of Alz inheriting a large fortune from her family.
• Option 5: Incorrect - The passage explicitly states that opportunities were scarce in her village.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage mentions that the Finance Minister is contemplating an increase in the tourism tax to maximise benefits for the nation.
• The proposal aims at ensuring sustainable growth and improving infrastructure.
• This measure has received mixed reactions, with some supporting it to bolster public finances.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Passage Excerpt: "To ensure sustainable growth and to maximise the benefits for our nation, we are contemplating an increase in the tourism tax."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect - The passage does not mention reducing tourism taxes.
• Option 2: Incorrect - There is no mention of restricting foreign tourists in the passage.
• Option 4: Incorrect - The passage does not suggest banning private sector jobs in tourism.
• Option 5: Incorrect - Offering free tours to all tourists is not mentioned as a measure in the passage.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage mentions that increasing the tourism tax could potentially deter tourists.
• This concern highlights the balance that must be maintained to sustain growth while avoiding measures that could discourage visitors.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Passage Excerpt: "To ensure sustainable growth and to maximise the benefits for our nation, we are contemplating an increase in the tourism tax...Some see it as a necessary step to bolster public finances and improve infrastructure, while others worry it may deter potential tourists."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect - The passage does not mention a decrease in public finances as a concern about increasing the tourism tax.
• Option 2: Incorrect - The passage does not mention that the infrastructure might improve too quickly.
• Option 4: Incorrect - There is no mention of overpopulation in Greece's cities due to the tourism tax.
• Option 5: Incorrect - The passage does not suggest that it may cause unemployment in the tourism sector.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Statement A: Tourism is a minor component of the Greek economy.
• This statement is incorrect as the passage clearly states that tourism is a vital component of the Greek economy.
• Statement B: The Finance Minister believes tourism has always been the backbone of the economy.
• This statement is correct as the passage quotes the Finance Minister stating that tourism has always been the backbone of the economy.
• Statement C: There has been a decline in tourism revenue recently.
• This statement is incorrect as the passage mentions that tourism revenue has reached a record high, not that there has been a decline.

Therefore, the correct answer is: ‘Only B’.