IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 19 October 2024 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

Here, the authors are U, V, W, X, Y and Z; given months are January, March, April, June, August and September and the novels are Animal Fan, Beloved, Moby-Dick, Jane Eyre, Little Women and The Alchemist.

1. Z was honoured three months after V.

2. Only three persons were honoured between the authors of Moby-Dick and Animal Farm.

3. The author of Animal Farm was honoured after the Z.

4. W was honoured just before the author of Beloved but was not the author of Moby-Dick.

5. The person who wrote The Alchemist was honoured three months after the one who wrote Jane Eyre.

6. The author of Little Women honoured in the month which has even number of days. Therefore, case 4 is eliminated.

7. X was honoured before U.

8. Neither Animal Farm nor Beloved written by U. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated

9. X was not the first author to be honoured. Therefore, case 3 is eliminated. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Hence, U is the author of the novel The Alchemist.

Here, the authors are U, V, W, X, Y and Z; given months are January, March, April, June, August and September and the novels are Animal Fan, Beloved, Moby-Dick, Jane Eyre, Little Women and The Alchemist.

1. Z was honoured three months after V.

2. Only three persons were honoured between the authors of Moby-Dick and Animal Farm.

3. The author of Animal Farm was honoured after the Z.

4. W was honoured just before the author of Beloved but was not the author of Moby-Dick.

5. The person who wrote The Alchemist was honoured three months after the one who wrote Jane Eyre.

6. The author of Little Women honoured in the month which has even number of days. Therefore, case 4 is eliminated.

7. X was honoured before U.

8. Neither Animal Farm nor Beloved written by U. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated

9. X was not the first author to be honoured. Therefore, case 3 is eliminated. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, each person except Y honoured in the month which has odd number of days whereas Y who wrote the novel Beloved was honoured in the month which even number of days.

Hence, the odd one is Y.

Here, the authors are U, V, W, X, Y and Z; given months are January, March, April, June, August and September and the novels are Animal Fan, Beloved, Moby-Dick, Jane Eyre, Little Women and The Alchemist.

1. Z was honoured three months after V.

2. Only three persons were honoured between the authors of Moby-Dick and Animal Farm.

3. The author of Animal Farm was honoured after the Z.

4. W was honoured just before the author of Beloved but was not the author of Moby-Dick.

5. The person who wrote The Alchemist was honoured three months after the one who wrote Jane Eyre.

6. The author of Little Women honoured in the month which has even number of days. Therefore, case 4 is eliminated.

7. X was honoured before U.

8. Neither Animal Farm nor Beloved written by U. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated

9. X was not the first author to be honoured. Therefore, case 3 is eliminated. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, U was honoured in the month of June so after one month it has to be July as per calendar.

Hence, the correct answer is None of these.

Here, the authors are U, V, W, X, Y and Z; given months are January, March, April, June, August and September and the novels are Animal Fan, Beloved, Moby-Dick, Jane Eyre, Little Women and The Alchemist.

1. Z was honoured three months after V.

2. Only three persons were honoured between the authors of Moby-Dick and Animal Farm.

3. The author of Animal Farm was honoured after the Z.

4. W was honoured just before the author of Beloved but was not the author of Moby-Dick.

5. The person who wrote The Alchemist was honoured three months after the one who wrote Jane Eyre.

6. The author of Little Women honoured in the month which has even number of days. Therefore, case 4 is eliminated.

7. X was honoured before U.

8. Neither Animal Farm nor Beloved written by U. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated

9. X was not the first author to be honoured. Therefore, case 3 is eliminated. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Hence, W was honoured four months after X who wrote Jane Eyre.

Here, the authors are U, V, W, X, Y and Z; given months are January, March, April, June, August and September and the novels are Animal Fan, Beloved, Moby-Dick, Jane Eyre, Little Women and The Alchemist.

1. Z was honoured three months after V.

2. Only three persons were honoured between the authors of Moby-Dick and Animal Farm.

3. The author of Animal Farm was honoured after the Z.

4. W was honoured just before the author of Beloved but was not the author of Moby-Dick.

5. The person who wrote The Alchemist was honoured three months after the one who wrote Jane Eyre.

6. The author of Little Women honoured in the month which has even number of days. Therefore, case 4 is eliminated.

7. X was honoured before U.

8. Neither Animal Farm nor Beloved written by U. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated

9. X was not the first author to be honoured. Therefore, case 3 is eliminated. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, W was honoured just one month before Y. Therefore, statement A is correct.

Only two persons were honoured between X and W. Therefore, statement B is correct.

X was honoured before Y who wrote the novel Beloved. Therefore, statement C is incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer is Both A and B.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows,

Conclusions:

I. Some Cars are Trains. → True (As it is clear from the above diagram. Hence, follows).

II. Some Cars are not Trains. → False (As from the above diagram it can be possible but not definitely true).

Hence, only conclusion II does not follow.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows:

Conclusions:

I. No Mobile is TV.     → False (As there is no direct relation between TVs and Mobiles is given. Hence, does not follow)

II. All Mobile are TV.  → False (As there is no direct relation between TVs and Mobiles is given. Hence, does not follow)

Since, we were asked the conclusion which definitely does not follow from the given statements.

Hence, the correct answer is both conclusion I and II do not follow.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows:

Conclusions:

I. Some Jeans are T - Shirts.   → False (As there is no direct relation between Jeans and T - Shirts. Hence, does not follow)

II. Some Jeans are not T - Shirts. → True (Since, those Jeans which are Shirts definitely not T - Shirts. Hence, follows)

Hence, the correct answer is only conclusion I does not follow.

Here, given persons are in row 1 A, B, C, D, E, F and G and in row 2 persons N, O, P, Q, R, S and T sit.

1. At least three persons sit between T and P.

2. B faces P.

3. No one sits to the right of B.  

4. O and S sit adjacent to each other and either of them faces G.

5. The number of persons sit to the left of G is more than that of to the right of him. Therefore, case 3 is eliminated.

6. G sits third to the right of the one who faces T.

7. Two persons sit between F and E.

8. Q sits second to the right of the one who faces C who sits adjacent to A.

9. E sits to the left of C but not at extreme end. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated.

10. R sits to the left of T but not adjacent to S. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, S sits opposite to G and O sits opposite to F. Therefore, statement A is correct.

R sits immediate left to T. Therefore, statement B is correct.

Q sits fourth to the left of O not to the left of R. Therefore, statement C is incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer is only C.

Here, given persons are in row 1 A, B, C, D, E, F and G and in row 2 persons N, O, P, Q, R, S and T sit.

1. At least three persons sit between T and P.

2. B faces P.

3. No one sits to the right of B.  

4. O and S sit adjacent to each other and either of them faces G.

5. The number of persons sit to the left of G is more than that of to the right of him. Therefore, case 3 is eliminated.

6. G sits third to the right of the one who faces T.

7. Two persons sit between F and E.

8. Q sits second to the right of the one who faces C who sits adjacent to A.

9. E sits to the left of C but not at extreme end. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated.

10. R sits to the left of T but not adjacent to S. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Hence, the correct statement is D sits second to the left of C.

Here, given persons are in row 1 A, B, C, D, E, F and G and in row 2 persons N, O, P, Q, R, S and T sit.

1. At least three persons sit between T and P.

2. B faces P.

3. No one sits to the right of B.  

4. O and S sit adjacent to each other and either of them faces G.

5. The number of persons sit to the left of G is more than that of to the right of him. Therefore, case 3 is eliminated.

6. G sits third to the right of the one who faces T.

7. Two persons sit between F and E.

8. Q sits second to the right of the one who faces C who sits adjacent to A.

9. E sits to the left of C but not at extreme end. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated.

10. R sits to the left of T but not adjacent to S. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, N sits opposite to E and three persons sit between N and S.

Hence, the correct answer is only three persons.

Here, given persons are in row 1 A, B, C, D, E, F and G and in row 2 persons N, O, P, Q, R, S and T sit.

1. At least three persons sit between T and P.

2. B faces P.

3. No one sits to the right of B.  

4. O and S sit adjacent to each other and either of them faces G.

5. The number of persons sit to the left of G is more than that of to the right of him. Therefore, case 3 is eliminated.

6. G sits third to the right of the one who faces T.

7. Two persons sit between F and E.

8. Q sits second to the right of the one who faces C who sits adjacent to A.

9. E sits to the left of C but not at extreme end. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated.

10. R sits to the left of T but not adjacent to S. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, each pair represents person sitting opposite to each other but A and Q does not sit opposite to each other.

Hence, the odd one is AQ.

Here, given persons are in row 1 A, B, C, D, E, F and G and in row 2 persons N, O, P, Q, R, S and T sit.

1. At least three persons sit between T and P.

2. B faces P.

3. No one sits to the right of B.  

4. O and S sit adjacent to each other and either of them faces G.

5. The number of persons sit to the left of G is more than that of to the right of him. Therefore, case 3 is eliminated.

6. G sits third to the right of the one who faces T.

7. Two persons sit between F and E.

8. Q sits second to the right of the one who faces C who sits adjacent to A.

9. E sits to the left of C but not at extreme end. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated.

10. R sits to the left of T but not adjacent to S. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, A faces R and S sits second to the left of R.

Hence, the correct answer is S.

Here, the given word is PREPOSTEROUS

Forward Pairs: OU, ST.

Backward Pairs: PR, PO, OR, RT, OS.

Thus, there are seven such pairs of letters in the word "PREPOSTEROUS" which have as many letters between them as in the English alphabetical series (both in forward and backward directions).

Hence, the correct answer is Seven pairs.

Given persons are D, K, M, O, R, S and Y; cities are Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore and the colours of shirts are Black, Blue, Orange, Pink, Purple, Red and White.

1. K and M plans for the trip for different cities but none of them plans for Bangalore.    

2. M and Y plans trip for the same city.

3. D and the person who likes to wear Pink colour shirt plan for a trip for the same city.

4. Neither K nor Y likes Pink colour and Red colour shirt.

5. S and the person who likes White colour shirt plans trip for the same city but not Mumbai.

6. D does not like to wear White colour shirt.

7. The person who likes Blue colour shirt plans trip to the Bangalore.

8. R likes to wear Black colour shirt and decided to go with only one person. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated.

9. Either D or M likes Red colour shirt. Therefore, M likes Red colour shirt.

10. The person who likes Purple colour shirt does not make trip with R. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, Y likes White colour shirt. Therefore, statement A is incorrect.

S plans trip for Kolkata whereas K plans trip for Mumbai. Therefore, statement B is correct.

D likes Blue colour shirt. Therefore, statement C is correct.

Hence, the correct answer is both B and C.

Given persons are D, K, M, O, R, S and Y; cities are Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore and the colours of shirts are Black, Blue, Orange, Pink, Purple, Red and White.

1. K and M plans for the trip for different cities but none of them plans for Bangalore.    

2. M and Y plans trip for the same city.

3. D and the person who likes to wear Pink colour shirt plan for a trip for the same city.

4. Neither K nor Y likes Pink colour and Red colour shirt.

5. S and the person who likes White colour shirt plans trip for the same city but not Mumbai.

6. D does not like to wear White colour shirt.

7. The person who likes Blue colour shirt plans trip to the Bangalore.

8. R likes to wear Black colour shirt and decided to go with only one person. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated.

9. Either D or M likes Red colour shirt. Therefore, M likes Red colour shirt.

10. The person who likes Purple colour shirt does not make trip with R. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, R likes Black colour shirt and makes a trip with the K who likes Orange colour shirt.

Hence, the correct answer is both 3 and 4.

Given persons are D, K, M, O, R, S and Y; cities are Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore and the colours of shirts are Black, Blue, Orange, Pink, Purple, Red and White.

1. K and M plans for the trip for different cities but none of them plans for Bangalore.    

2. M and Y plans trip for the same city.

3. D and the person who likes to wear Pink colour shirt plan for a trip for the same city.

4. Neither K nor Y likes Pink colour and Red colour shirt.

5. S and the person who likes White colour shirt plans trip for the same city but not Mumbai.

6. D does not like to wear White colour shirt.

7. The person who likes Blue colour shirt plans trip to the Bangalore.

8. R likes to wear Black colour shirt and decided to go with only one person. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated.

9. Either D or M likes Red colour shirt. Therefore, M likes Red colour shirt.

10. The person who likes Purple colour shirt does not make trip with R. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, Y plans to make a trip in which maximum person plans for the trip whereas rest of the person plans trip with only one other person.

Hence, the odd one is Y.

Given persons are D, K, M, O, R, S and Y; cities are Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore and the colours of shirts are Black, Blue, Orange, Pink, Purple, Red and White.

1. K and M plans for the trip for different cities but none of them plans for Bangalore.    

2. M and Y plans trip for the same city.

3. D and the person who likes to wear Pink colour shirt plan for a trip for the same city.

4. Neither K nor Y likes Pink colour and Red colour shirt.

5. S and the person who likes White colour shirt plans trip for the same city but not Mumbai.

6. D does not like to wear White colour shirt.

7. The person who likes Blue colour shirt plans trip to the Bangalore.

8. R likes to wear Black colour shirt and decided to go with only one person. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated.

9. Either D or M likes Red colour shirt. Therefore, M likes Red colour shirt.

10. The person who likes Purple colour shirt does not make trip with R. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Hence, S likes to wear Purple colour shirt.

Given persons are D, K, M, O, R, S and Y; cities are Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore and the colours of shirts are Black, Blue, Orange, Pink, Purple, Red and White.

1. K and M plans for the trip for different cities but none of them plans for Bangalore.    

2. M and Y plans trip for the same city.

3. D and the person who likes to wear Pink colour shirt plan for a trip for the same city.

4. Neither K nor Y likes Pink colour and Red colour shirt.

5. S and the person who likes White colour shirt plans trip for the same city but not Mumbai.

6. D does not like to wear White colour shirt.

7. The person who likes Blue colour shirt plans trip to the Bangalore.

8. R likes to wear Black colour shirt and decided to go with only one person. Therefore, case 2 is eliminated.

9. Either D or M likes Red colour shirt. Therefore, M likes Red colour shirt.

10. The person who likes Purple colour shirt does not make trip with R. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, K likes to wear Orange shirt and plans to make a trip for Mumbai.

Hence, the correct answer is Mumbai.

Here, given family members concluded as F, H, J, L, P, R, V and X.

1. L is the daughter – in – law of P.

2. J is the father – in – law of R.

3. X is the only son of V. 

4. X is the uncle of F who is the grandchild of J.

5. R and X are not siblings.

6. V is not the spouse of P. Therefore, V is the spouse of J.

7. Both H and R have same gender. Therefore, the only possibility is R is the husband of L and brother of H.

8. P is the mother of H.

Hence, the final arrangement will be 

Hence, L is the daughter of V.

Here, given family members concluded as F, H, J, L, P, R, V and X.

1. L is the daughter – in – law of P.

2. J is the father – in – law of R.

3. X is the only son of V. 

4. X is the uncle of F who is the grandchild of J.

5. R and X are not siblings.

6. V is not the spouse of P. Therefore, V is the spouse of J.

7. Both H and R have same gender. Therefore, the only possibility is R is the husband of L and brother of H.

8. P is the mother of H.

Hence, the final arrangement will be 

Since, V is the female member of the family and rest are male members.

Hence, the odd one is V.

Here, given family members concluded as F, H, J, L, P, R, V and X.

1. L is the daughter – in – law of P.

2. J is the father – in – law of R.

3. X is the only son of V. 

4. X is the uncle of F who is the grandchild of J.

5. R and X are not siblings.

6. V is not the spouse of P. Therefore, V is the spouse of J.

7. Both H and R have same gender. Therefore, the only possibility is R is the husband of L and brother of H.

8. P is the mother of H.

Hence, the final arrangement will be 

Hence, H is the brother of R.

The pattern followed here is 

Since, all follow the same patter except LPVB.

Hence, the odd one is LOVB.

Given word:-  "PANDEMONIUM"

The first letter is 'P', fifth letter is 'E', seventh letter is 'O' and the eleventh letter is 'M'.

The four letters meaningful words formed are Mope, Poem and Pome.

Hence, the correct answer is X.

Here, the persons are D, I, L, N, O, Q, S and T.

1. S and Q lives on different floor and different flats but on even number floors.

2. I lives below the floor of Q who lives above the floor of L.

3. L lives to the northeast of T.  

4. There is only one floor between I and O.

5. O and D lives on adjacent floor.

6. N lives above the floor of D.

7. No one lives to east of N. Therefore, case 2(b) is eliminated.

8. I does not live to south of L. Therefore, case 1(a) and 2(a) are eliminated. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Hence, I lives just below the flat of Q.

Here, the persons are D, I, L, N, O, Q, S and T.

1. S and Q lives on different floor and different flats but on even number floors.

2. I lives below the floor of Q who lives above the floor of L.

3. L lives to the northeast of T.  

4. There is only one floor between I and O.

5. O and D lives on adjacent floor.

6. N lives above the floor of D.

7. No one lives to east of N. Therefore, case 2(b) is eliminated.

8. I does not live to south of L. Therefore, case 1(a) and 2(a) are eliminated. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, each pair represents person living on adjacent floors but T and O live on the same floor.

Hence, the odd one is TO.

Here, the persons are D, I, L, N, O, Q, S and T.

1. S and Q lives on different floor and different flats but on even number floors.

2. I lives below the floor of Q who lives above the floor of L.

3. L lives to the northeast of T.  

4. There is only one floor between I and O.

5. O and D lives on adjacent floor.

6. N lives above the floor of D.

7. No one lives to east of N. Therefore, case 2(b) is eliminated.

8. I does not live to south of L. Therefore, case 1(a) and 2(a) are eliminated. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, N lives on Flat B so no one lives to the east of him.

Hence, the correct answer is None.

Here, the persons are D, I, L, N, O, Q, S and T.

1. S and Q lives on different floor and different flats but on even number floors.

2. I lives below the floor of Q who lives above the floor of L.

3. L lives to the northeast of T.  

4. There is only one floor between I and O.

5. O and D lives on adjacent floor.

6. N lives above the floor of D.

7. No one lives to east of N. Therefore, case 2(b) is eliminated.

8. I does not live to south of L. Therefore, case 1(a) and 2(a) are eliminated. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, S lives below L. Therefore, statement first is incorrect.

O and L lives on the different floors of same flat. Therefore, statement second is incorrect.

I and L lives on the same floor. Therefore, statement third is incorrect.

D lives to the southwest of L. Therefore, statement fourth is correct.

Hence, the correct statement is D lives to the southwest of L.

Here, the persons are D, I, L, N, O, Q, S and T.

1. S and Q lives on different floor and different flats but on even number floors.

2. I lives below the floor of Q who lives above the floor of L.

3. L lives to the northeast of T.  

4. There is only one floor between I and O.

5. O and D lives on adjacent floor.

6. N lives above the floor of D.

7. No one lives to east of N. Therefore, case 2(b) is eliminated.

8. I does not live to south of L. Therefore, case 1(a) and 2(a) are eliminated. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Since, Q lives on the fourth floor in Flat A. Therefore, statement A is incorrect.

S lives to the east of D. Therefore, statement B is incorrect.

Q and N lives on the same floor. Therefore, statement C is correct.

Hence, only the C option 1 is the correct answer.

Here, given files are G, J, K, N, R, S, T and U.

1. Not more than three files placed after the file U.

2. File U is placed before the file G.

3. Only two files are placed after the file J.

4. The number of files placed before the file K is equivalent to the number of files placed after file G.

5. File N is placed before the file K which is placed immediately before file R. Therefore, case 2 and case 3 are eliminated.

6. File T is placed before the file J but after the file K.

7. File R is placed before the files G and S. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Hence, File S is placed at right end.

Here, given files are G, J, K, N, R, S, T and U.

1. Not more than three files placed after the file U.

2. File U is placed before the file G.

3. Only two files are placed after the file J.

4. The number of files placed before the file K is equivalent to the number of files placed after file G.

5. File N is placed before the file K which is placed immediately before file R. Therefore, case 2 and case 3 are eliminated.

6. File T is placed before the file J but after the file K.

7. File R is placed before the files G and S. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

File N is placed before the file T. Therefore, statement first is incorrect.

Only two files are placed before the file R. Therefore, statement second is incorrect.

More than three files are placed after the file K. Therefore, statement third is correct.

File T is placed just before file U. Therefore, statement fourth is correct.

Hence, the correct answer is more than one option.

Here, given files are G, J, K, N, R, S, T and U.

1. Not more than three files placed after the file U.

2. File U is placed before the file G.

3. Only two files are placed after the file J.

4. The number of files placed before the file K is equivalent to the number of files placed after file G.

5. File N is placed before the file K which is placed immediately before file R. Therefore, case 2 and case 3 are eliminated.

6. File T is placed before the file J but after the file K.

7. File R is placed before the files G and S. Hence, the final arrangement is as follows

Hence, four files are placed after the file T.

We have drawn the figure according to the information given in the question,

Hence, the correct statement is Point A , Point B and point G are in straight line.

We have drawn the figure according to the information given in the question,

From the above diagram,

Distance between E and F = 4 Km.

Distance between F and G = 3 Km.

By Pythagoras' theorem,

EG² = EF² + FG² = (4)² + (3)² 

       = 16 + 9 = 25

EG = 5 Km

Hence, the shortest distance between point E and point G is 5 Km.

We have drawn the figure according to the information given in the question,

Hence, point G is in east direction to the point B.

The correct answer is 'The Minister was visibly upset when he heard the sad news of his debacle in the election' i.e. this sentence is grammatically and contextually correct.

Key Points

• Let us explore the grammatical errors in the sentences:
• In Option 1, the use of the singular form of the verb 'has' is incorrect.
• We know that when two singular nouns are joined by 'and' referring to two different persons the pronoun used for them should be 'plural'. (जब दो एकवचन संज्ञाएँ 'and' से जुड़ती हैं तो दो अलग-अलग व्यक्तियों के लिए प्रयुक्त सर्वनाम 'बहुवचन' होना चाहिए)
• Therefore, the plural form of the verb 'have' should be used in place of the singular form of the verb 'has'.
• Correct Sentence: The Prime Minister and the Chief Minister have expressed grief over the loss of lives due to the bus accident in Jammu and Kashmir.
• In Option 2, the use of the article 'a' is incorrect.
• We use the article 'a' before a consonant sound and we use the article 'an' before a vowel sound (here, expensive). (व्यंजन ध्वनि से पहले आर्टिकल 'a' और स्वर ध्वनि से पहले आर्टिकल 'an' का इस्तेमाल करते हैं)
• Therefore, the article 'an' should be used in place of the article 'a'.
• Correct Sentence: Going to court can be an expensive, time-consuming, and gut-wrenching experience that is best avoided.
• In Option 4, the use of the plural form of the noun 'hairs' is incorrect.
• We know that some nouns are generally uncountable nouns, and 'Hair' is one of them. (कुछ संज्ञाएं आम तौर पर असंख्य संज्ञाएं होती हैं, और 'हेयर' उनमें से एक है)
• Uncountable nouns are used with a singular verb. (असंख्य संज्ञाओं का प्रयोग एकवचन क्रिया के साथ किया जाता है)
• Therefore, the singular form of the noun 'hair' should be used in place of the plural form of the noun 'hairs'.
• Correct Sentence: He was neither ancient nor ugly, with familiar dark eyes and hair and roughly hewn features.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'Improving the physical educational system, which is one of the worst in the world, requires commitment from the country’s politicians' i.e. this sentence is grammatically and contextually correct.

Key Points 

• Let us explore the grammatical errors in the sentences:
• In Option 1, the use of the present tense form of the verb 'have' in the if-clause is incorrect.
• The given sentence is the third conditional sentence explaining that present circumstances would be different if something different had happened in the past. (दिया गया वाक्य third conditional वाक्य है जो यह समझाता है कि यदि अतीत में कुछ अलग हुआ होता तो वर्तमान परिस्थितियाँ अलग होतीं)
• When using the third conditional, we use the past perfect i.e. had + past participle (here, taken) in the if-clause and the modal auxiliary (would, could, should, etc.) + have + past participle (here, missed) in the main clause.
• Therefore, the past tense form of the verb 'had' should be used in place of the present tense form of the verb 'have'.
• Correct Sentence: If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane.
• In Option 3, the use of the adverb 'vividly' is incorrect.
• In the given sentence, 'vividly' is an adverb, which cannot modify a noun (here, 'memories'). (दिए गए वाक्य में, 'vividly' एक क्रिया विशेषण है, जो एक संज्ञा को संशोधित नहीं कर सकता है)
• Adjectives usually come before the noun that they modify. (विशेषण आमतौर पर उस संज्ञा से पहले आते हैं जिसे वे संशोधित करते हैं)
• Therefore, the adjective 'vivid' should be used in place of the adverb 'vividly'.
• Correct Sentence: People of my generation who lived through World War II have vivid memories of confusion and incompetence.
• In Option 4, the use of the plural form of the noun 'alumni' is incorrect.
• We know that 'alumni' is the plural form for a group of male graduates and for a group of male and female graduates. ('alumni' पुरुष स्नातकों के समूह और पुरुष और महिला स्नातकों के समूह के लिए बहुवचन रूप है)
• 'Alumnus' refers specifically to a singular male graduate. ('Alumnus' विशेष रूप से एक एकल पुरुष स्नातक को संदर्भित करता है)
• Therefore, the singular form of the noun 'alumnus' should be used in place of the plural form of the noun 'alumni'.
• Correct Sentence: John has also been honored by the University of Chicago as a distinguished alumnus in 2002.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is- 'He told me how scared he was of being on his own.'

Key Points  

• Option 1 is incorrect.
• In English grammar, the habitual present is a verb in the present tense used to indicate an action that occurs regularly or repeatedly.
• It's also known as the present habitual.
• "Movement of buses" is an action that occurs regularly or repeatedly, so it must be in the Simple Present Tense.
• Structure: Subject + V1(s/es) + Object
• So, we have to replace "has left" with "leaves" to make it grammatically correct.
• Correct Sentence: The last bus leaves at midnight every day.
• Option 2 is correct.
• The meaning of the phrase "on his own" is by or through one's individual efforts or means.
• ​Example: He ha​d to finish designing the website on his own after many of our workers were laid off.
• The sentence is grammatically and contextually correct.
• Option 3 is incorrect.
• We use the Present Perfect Continuous tense to talk about the action that started in the past and is continuing now.
• This is often used with 'for' or 'since'.
• Example: We've been studying since 9 o'clock. (We're still studying now.)
• So, we have to replace "am waiting" with "have been waiting" to make it grammatically correct.
• Correct Sentence: Where is he? I have been waiting for him since three o'clock!
• Option 4 is incorrect.
• The given sentence is a negative sentence and in the Present Tense.
• The present simple, in its negative form, has this structure: Subject + do/does + not + verb + object
• Example: He does not go there.
• ​So, we need a base form of the verb "lose."
• So, we have to replace "lost" with "lose" to make it grammatically correct.
• Correct Sentence: You should practice so that you do not lose the match.
• So, the correct answer is Option 2.
  

Correct sentence: He told me how scared he was of being on his own.

The correct answer is 'C.'

Key Points

• The given sentence "Near the end of June 2021, security officers in the UAE ________ the residential buildings in Abu Dhabi to arrest about 700 African migrants'' is talking about security officers in the UAE raiding the residential buildings in Abu Dhabi to arrest about 700 African migrants.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'Raided'.
• Also, the use of the word ''arrest'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'raided' in the blank.
• The word 'Raided' means To conduct a raid (a surprise visit by police to arrest suspects or seize illicit goods).
• Example: The nightclub was raided by the police.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Complete Sentence: Near the end of June 2021, security officers in the UAE raided the residential buildings in Abu Dhabi to arrest about 700 African migrants.

The correct answer is 'E.'

Key Points

• The given sentence "The workers were cuffed during the first two weeks of their _______ and besides being subjected to racial slurs and physical abuse, they were also refused access to basic medical aid such as sanitary pads to women'' is saying that the workers were cuffed during the first two weeks of their imprisonment and besides being subjected to racial slurs and physical abuse.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'Detention'.
• Also, the use of the word ''cuffed'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'detention' in the blank.
• The word 'Detention' means The act of stopping a person from leaving a place, especially by keeping him or her in prison.
• Example: He was kept in detention by the police.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Complete Sentence: The workers were cuffed during the first two weeks of their detention and besides being subjected to racial slurs and physical abuse, they were also refused access to basic medical aid such as sanitary pads to women.

The correct answer is 'A.'

Key Points

• The given sentence "ImpACT International and Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor released a report detailing the _______ of racially motivated human rights violations'' is talking about releasing a report detailing the allegations or charges of racially motivated human rights violations.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'Accusations'.
• Also, the use of the word ''violations'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'accusations' in the blank.
• The word 'Accusations' means To pacify or placate someone by acceding to their demands.
• Example: He resigned over accusations of favoritism.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Complete Sentence: ImpACT International and Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor released a report detailing the accusations of racially motivated human rights violations.

The correct answer is 'No change required.'

Key Points

• The given sentence "According to the report, more than a dozen female African workers arrested were _______ to sexual harassment by the officers who raided their houses and touched their private parts while they were asleep in their nightwear during the raid'' is saying that a dozen female African workers arrested were put through sexual harassment by the officers who raided their houses.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'Subjected'.
• Also, the use of the word ''harassment'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'subjected' in the blank.
• The word 'Subjected' means To cause or force someone or something to undergo a particular experience or form of treatment, typically an unwelcome or unpleasant one.
• Example: She had been subjected to continual sexual harassment.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 5.

Complete Sentence: According to the report, more than a dozen female African workers arrested were subjected to sexual harassment by the officers who raided their houses and touched their private parts while they were asleep in their nightwear during the raid.

The correct answer is 'B.'

Key Points

• The given sentence "More than 20 people went on record to share their testimonies about the _______ by UAE officials against them and their fellow workers from Cameron, Uganda, and Nigeria on the night of the raid'' is talking about people sharing their testimonies about the misconduct or wrongdoing by UAE officials against them.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'Abuse'.
• Also, the use of the word ''against'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'abuse' in the blank.
• The word 'Abuse' means To treat with cruelty or violence, especially regularly or repeatedly.
• Example: It's natural to feel helpless against such abuse.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Complete Sentence: More than 20 people went on record to share their testimonies about the abuse by UAE officials against them and their fellow workers from Cameron, Uganda, and Nigeria on the night of the raid.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'philenthropic'.

• The correct spelling would be 'philanthropic'.
• The word 'philanthropic' is an adjective which means 'seeking to promote the welfare of others, especially by donating money to good causes'. (परोपकारी)
• For Example -
• Their philanthropic efforts have helped many underprivileged children.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'philenthropic'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Ostentatious - characterized by vulgar or pretentious display; designed to impress or attract notice (आडंबरपूर्ण)
• Tasteless - lacking flavor, style, or good taste (स्वादहीन / बेस्वाद)
• Benevolence - the quality of being well-meaning; kindness (परोपकार)

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'detariorate'.

• The correct spelling would be 'deteriorate'.
• The word 'deteriorate' is a verb which means 'to become progressively worse'. (बिगड़ना)
• For Example -
• The condition of the building continued to deteriorate over time.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'detariorate'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Egregious - outstandingly bad; shocking (बहुत बुरा)
• Flagrant - conspicuously or obviously offensive (स्पष्ट रूप से आपत्तिजनक)
• Meticulously - showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise (बहुत सावधानीपूर्वक)

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'impercievable'.

• The correct spelling would be 'imperceivable'.
• The word 'imperceivable' is an adjective which means 'impossible to perceive'.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'impercievable'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Astounding - surprisingly impressive or notable.
• Quantum - a discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents.
• Revolutionizing - causing a complete and dramatic change.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'esotheric'.

• The correct spelling would be 'esoteric'.
• The word 'esoteric' is an adjective which means 'intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest'. (गूढ़)
• For Example -
• The lecture was full of esoteric references that only a few people understood.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'esotheric'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Unfathomable - incapable of being fully explored or understood (अथाह)
• Penchant - a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something (प्रवृत्ति)
• Reverence - deep respect for someone or something (आदर)

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'intelect'.

• The correct spelling would be 'intellect'.
• The word 'intellect' is a noun which means 'the faculty of reasoning and understanding objectively, especially with regard to abstract matters'. (बुद्धि)
• For Example -
• His keen intellect made him a formidable opponent in debates.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'intelect'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Insightful - having or showing an accurate and deep understanding; perceptive (सूक्ष्मदर्शी)
• Erudition - the quality of having or showing great knowledge or learning (विद्वत्ता)
• Dogmatic - inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true (कट्टर)

The correct answer is "Option 3".

Key Points

• The correct phrase to be substituted in the above sentence is "risk of elections being".
• The subject "risk" is singular, and the verb "being manipulated" is in the present continuous tense, suggesting an ongoing action.
• The original sentence has a grammatical error in the phrase "risk of elections was manipulated digitally." which lacks proper subject-verb agreement.
• Hence, "risk of elections being" is the correct phrase to be substituted.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Correct Sentence: "Legislators and regulators around the world are discussing how to respond to risk of elections being manipulated digitally."

Additional Information

• "Risking of elections being" is incorrect because "Risking" is a verb form and the sentence requires a noun form to indicate the existence of a risk.
• "risks of elections be" is incorrect because it lacks proper verb tense and structure. It should use a verb form that agrees with the subject "risks."
• "Risked of elections is" incorrect because "risked" is the past tense form of the verb "risk," which doesn't convey the ongoing or potential nature of the risk.

The correct answer is Option 5.

Key Points

• The sentence is already correctly written and no changes are required.
• It lists three activities the dog enjoys, all in the same verb form (gerund).
• This maintains grammatical parallelism.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 5: no correction required.

Correct Sentence: "The dog enjoys chasing squirrels, lounging in the sun, and taking long walks in the park during his free time."

Additional Information

• Parallel structure: All activities listed are in the same verb form, which is important for maintaining clarity and readability.
• No grammatical errors: The sentence is free from grammatical errors, making it clear and easy to understand.

The correct answer is 'Option 2.'

Key Points

• The correct phrase is 'cook dinner with her friends on weekends,'
• The sentence describes habits or routines that happen repeatedly.
• When talking about habits in the present tense, we use the base form of the verb without "to".
• This applies to all the actions listed in the sentence: watching movies, going for walks, and cooking dinner.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "cook dinner with her friends on weekends".

The correct sentence after phrase replacement would be: 'she likes to watch movies, go for long walks in the park, and cook dinner with her friends on weekends'.

Additional Information

• to cook dinner with her friends on weekends: This construction is used with the present tense to indicate an unspecified future event.
• cooking dinner with her friends on weekends: This is the present participle form, which is used for ongoing actions or continuous states.
• will cook dinner with her friends on weekends: This construction uses the future tense to indicate a specific future event.

The correct answer is 'Option 2.'

Key Points

• The correct phrase is 'eat at a fancy restaurant.'
• The sentence describes a planned future event.
• In such cases, we don't use the infinitive "to" with the main verb.
• We simply use the base form of the verb to indicate the planned action.
• Hence, the correct answer is "eat at a fancy restaurant".

The correct sentence after phrase replacement would be: they plan to visit Paris, explore the louvre, and eat at a fancy restaurant during their trip'.

Additional Information 

• to eat at a fancy restaurant: This construction is used with the present tense to indicate an unspecified future event, such as "They sometimes go to the movies to eat popcorn."
• eating at a fancy restaurant: This is the present participle form, which is used for ongoing actions or continuous states.
• will eat at a fancy restaurant: This construction uses the future tense to indicate a specific future event.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The passage states that by 2050, we may be driving electric cars and using synthetic fuels produced through solar and wind energy.
• Additionally, the passage mentions that our planet will be orbited by massive solar arrays capturing cosmic energy.
• These details indicate a reliance on renewable energy sources.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Passage Excerpt: "By 2050, we will be driving electric cars and flying in aircraft running on synthetic fuels produced through solar and wind energy. ... Perhaps our planet will even be orbited by massive solar arrays capturing cosmic energy from sunlight and generating seemingly endless energy for all our needs."

Additional Information

• Fossil energy sources are in terminal decline mentioned in the passage.
• Geothermal energy is not explicitly mentioned in the passage as a primary energy source by 2050.
• Hydraulic energy is not identified in the passage as a dominant energy source by 2050.
• Nuclear energy, which may include nuclear fusion, is mentioned but not as the primary energy source.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The passage mentions that global temperatures may be rising faster than expected.
• Rapid rises in temperatures could create new problems and positive feedback loops.
• These challenges might accelerate climate destabilization and make parts of the world uninhabitable.
• This indicates that the transition to renewable energy may face difficulties due to these potential rapid rises in global temperatures and their effects.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Passage Excerpt: "Governments around the planet have promised to phase out emissions in the coming decades and transition to ‘green energy’. But global temperatures may be rising faster than we expected: some climate scientists worry that rapid rises could create new problems and positive feedback loops that may accelerate climate destabilisation and make parts of the world uninhabitable long before a hoped-for transition is possible."

Additional Information

• Option 1: The passage suggests potential challenges, so the transition is unlikely to be smooth and free from obstacles.
• Option 2: The passage indicates that governments are still promising and planning, not that all necessary measures have already been implemented.
• Option 4: The passage does not mention renewable energy technology becoming obsolete.
• Option 5: The passage does not indicate that fossil fuel use will completely disappear by 2027.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• Statement A: The transition to green energy includes the use of hydrogen and synthetic hydrocarbon fuels.
• This statement is incorrect as the passage does not mention hydrogen as part of the green energy transition.
• Statement B: By 2050, the passage suggests that the worst consequences of prolonged fossil fuel use might be avoided through expedited renewable energy progress.
• This statement is correct as it aligns with the passage's optimistic view of renewable energy progress helping to avoid the worst consequences by 2050.
• Statement C: The passage claims that synthetic hydrocarbon fuels will completely replace all other forms of energy by 2030.
• This statement is incorrect as the passage does not make such a specific and absolute claim about synthetic hydrocarbon fuels by 2030.
• Hence, both statements A and C are identified as incorrect in the context of the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is: ‘Both A and C’.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The passage states reasons for optimism due to progress in renewable energy, especially solar power.
• The passage mentions the need for government action as it discusses governments promising to phase out emissions and transition to green energy.
• The passage highlights concerns about potential positive feedback loops of climate change, noting they could accelerate climate destabilization.

Therefore, Only B is an incorrect statement according to the passage, making the correct answer Option 2.

Passage Excerpt: "Governments around the planet have promised to phase out emissions in the coming decades and transition to ‘green energy’. But global temperatures may be rising faster than we expected: some climate scientists worry that rapid rises could create new problems and positive feedback loops that may accelerate climate destabilisation and make parts of the world uninhabitable long before a hoped-for transition is possible."

Additional Information

• Option 1: Option A is correct, Option B is incorrect, and Option C is correct, thus all three are not incorrect.
• Option 3: Both A and C are correct, so this option is not valid.
• Option 4: Option A is correct, so this option is not valid.
• Option 5: Option B is incorrect, so this option is not valid.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The passage discusses a transformative future with widespread renewable energy technologies and a decline in the fossil fuel industry.
• Despite acknowledging the challenges posed by climate change, the passage highlights reasons for optimism, particularly with the progress in solar energy and other renewable sources.
• The author expresses hope that by 2050, renewable energy advancements and societal changes might help avoid the worst consequences of fossil fuel use.

Therefore, the author's outlook on the future of renewable energy is optimistic and hopeful, making the correct answer Option 2.

Passage Excerpt: "There are reasons for optimists to hope due to progress on cleaner sources of renewable energy, especially solar power." and "By 2050, large-scale societal and ecological changes might have helped us avoid the worst consequences of our extensive use of fossil fuels."

Additional Information

• Option 1: The passage does not convey a pessimistic or skeptical tone.
• Option 3: The author is not indifferent or neutral; they discuss both challenges and hopeful solutions.
• Option 4: While the passage acknowledges challenges, the overall tone is not alarmist or fearful.
• Option 5: The author is not confused or uncertain; they present a clear view of potential future developments.