Environmental Studies PYQs

EVS is a subject that has a lot of themes. Children can relate their real-life experiences to the learning through themes and get connected to the concept being taught. 

Key Points

Stories and Narratives maximally facilitate learning of EVS because:

• For example topics like farming and preservation of food narratives from the experts and farmers regarding those topics enhance the learning.
• More knowledge can be shared with students with the help of stories that hold their concentration for more time.
• Narratives of great persons who have achieved something in their life can inspire students to progress further.
• Students find reality in the narratives and get connected to the concept, trying to explore the topic in their surroundings.
• Stories and narratives are not only shared with the students but students are also encouraged to share their narratives and experiences.

​Hence, stories and narratives can maximally facilitate learning of EVS.

EVS is a subject that has a lot of themes. Children can relate their real-life experiences to the learning through themes and get connected to the concept being taught. 

Key Points

The syllabus of EVS consists of six themes.

• Family and friends, which consists of four sub-themes
• relationships
• work and play
• animals
• plants
• Food
• Water
• Shelter
• Travel
• Things we make and do.

​Hence,  Family and friends is the theme of the syllabus of EVS at the primary level.

EVS is a subject that involves a lot of activities and new methods of teaching. EVS can't be taught to the child perfectly by keeping him/her passive just as a receiver of knowledge. 

Key Points

In EVS learning, activities are conducted to provide an experience for learning by doing.

• To develop psychomotor skills: This kind of learning involves motor and muscular activities. Just as in cognitive and affective learning, psychomotor learning also occurs in combination with the other two types of learning. It is demonstrated by physical skills which are acquired through practice in response to cues and stimuli from the surroundings.
• To develop a manipulative skill: This is the ability to perform certain actions by following instructions and practicing.
• To give hands-on experience: Children learn anything more accurately when they are provided hands-on experience. For example, it is good to make students build a vermicompost pit than demonstrate how to do it.

Hence,  A, B & C are the correct options.

EVS is a subject that involves a lot of activities and new methods of teaching. EVS can't be taught to the child perfectly by keeping him/her passive just as a receiver of knowledge.

 Key Points

Meaningful learning of EVS can be given to children if:

• teaching is done by relating the subject knowledge to students' real-life experiences.
• activities are conducted followed by a discussion as a review of students' work is done where they realize their mistakes and never repeat them.
• the group works designed by the children are promoted by the teacher.
• students are given total freedom to express their views and ask questions regarding the topic.
• activities are conducted by the teacher according to the local contexts of the child because students can relate the activities to their daily life.

​Hence**, B, C & D are the correct options.**

A field trip is a visit to an area outside of the normal classroom where children can try new things, have different experiences, and learn valuable life lessons.

 Key Points

The theme plants can be taught effectively through field trips because:

• Children observe a lot of plants and their parts on the field trip.
• Children get hands-on experience by touching the plants on the field.
• The teacher can demonstrate each and every part of the plant and its functions by showing the real plant.
• Real experiences make students remember the concepts for a long time.
• Meaningful learning takes place as children get direct experience.

​Hence,  the theme plants can be taught effectively through field trips.

EVS is a subject that is not related ta a single theme or a single topic, it has several themes and many topics. They can be taught not only through textbooks but several other resources.

Key Points

• Newspapers: Play a key role in highlighting the day-to-day issues related to the environment and its factors. Students get ample knowledge about the environment by reading the facts and the narratives published in the newspaper.
• Surveys: This gives the real information and set the condition in the real world in front of students' eyes. For example, a survey about the eating habits of the people may teach students about the scarcity of food, healthy and non-healthy food habits, the hard work done to get food, etc.
• Community members: Are considered to be valuable resources for EVS learning as some responsible members of the society may be invited to the school and asked to discuss the environmental issues relating to their real-life experiences.

Additional Information

• On the other hand, Twitter is not considered that important because many students don't have an account on Twitter, if they have Twitter also provides less knowledge and maximum other things it may kill the time of learners.

Key PointsEVS is a subject that is not related to a single theme or a single topic, it has several themes and many topics. They can be taught not only through textbooks but several other resources like 

• Community members:  Are considered to be valuable resources for EVS learning. Farmers from the community can be called and asked to share experiences like how food is produced, types of food, etc. Members working in the food preservation department can also be called and discuss the methods to preserve food without spoiling.
• ​If surveys are conducted: This gives the real information and set the condition in the real world in front of students' eyes. For example, a survey about the eating habits of the people may teach students about the scarcity of food, healthy and nonhealthy food habits, the hard work done to get food, etc.
• ​Through field trip: A field trip is a visit to an area outside of the normal classroom where children can try new things, have different experiences, and learn valuable life lessons. Children can be taken to fields and shown farming and the production of food.

​Hence**, A, B & C are the correct options.**

Groups activities are the types of activities where students are divided into groups of 4 or 5 and given an activity where each student in the group performs some or the other task to contribute to his group. 

Key Points

Advantages of group work:

• Improve the social skills of children like leadership, collaboration, sharing responsibility, etc.
• Improve social interaction among children where the children who fear speaking in front of teacher also can share their views.
• Promote collaboration among children where the children complete the tasks with everyone's effort in the group.
• They promote peer learning as children learn many things from their peers asking questions and clarifying their doubts about each other.
• Groups works enhance the creativity of the students as they learn in a new environment.

​Hence,  A, B & C are the correct options.

 HintThese are the only effective strategy for learning EVS is not the correct option because there are many other effective strategies as well.

Self assessment takes place when the student assesses his work and uses his feedback to rectify the errors and move ahead.

 Key Points

Self-assessment is also known as assessment as learning:

• In this assessment, learners are asked to assess their performance on their own, they use various assessment techniques and strategies to assess themselves.
• This practice helps learners to identify their knowledge gaps, adopt appropriate learning strategies and use assessment as a tool for new learning.
• It encourages students to take responsibility for their own learning. It requires students to ask questions about their learning.
• It encourages peer assessment, self-assessment, and reflection.

​Hence In assessment, self-assessment is assessment as learning.

A teacher's diary is a map for a teacher. It provides a view of the tasks to be performed.

Every school should have a teacher's diary. A teacher knows what is to be taught, when, it is to be taught from the timetable and the monthly chart, and what methods, media, and approaches to be used are also readily available. Finally, the type of homework and evaluation are also mentioned in the teacher's diary.

 Key Points

• A teacher can do the work in a period according to available time.
• A teacher can study or revise and prepare before teaching so that she/he does not lose track of the matter to be taught.
• In a diary the teacher notes down different activities or anecdotes occurring in a class which increases her/his accountability.
• A teacher enters the classroom with self-confidence as he/she is well prepared, due to which the quality of teaching is good.
• A teacher can organize the teaching work in a better way.
• Teachers can review and modify the teaching-learning strategies.
• A teacher can read books, reference material, and teaching material, due to which teaching becomes more intense and concrete.

​Hence,  the information recorded in the teacher's diary is used by the teacher for reviewing and modifying the teaching-learning strategies.

Concept:

​Speed:

• Speed is considered as the distance travelled per unit of time.
• Speed=distance traveled/time elapsed.

Distance:

• Distance is defined as the length of the space between two particular points.

Average:

• When from a list of numbers, a single number is taken as representative, then the sum of the numbers is divided by how many numbers are present in the list.
• It means equaling an arithmetic mean.

Explanation:

Given:

• The distance between Trivandrum and Gandhidham is = 2268 kilometres.
• A train covers this distance in 42 hours.

Formula:

• Average Speed = (Total distance)/(Total Time).

Calculation:

• Hare the total distance = 2268 km.
• The total time to cover the distance is =  42 hours.
• According to the question.
• Average speed= (2268) / (42).

⇒ 54 km/hour.

• Conversion of unit ⇒ a km/h =(a*1000m)/3600s.
• ⇒ (5a/18) m/sec.
• Hare**, a = 54**.
• Average speed in m/sec ⇒ 54 × (5/18) = 15m/sec.

Thus, the average speed of the train between the railway stations of these two cities in metres per second is 15.

Confusion Points

• This is a CTET 1^st January, 2022 question.
• In English medium of the question paper the fourth option was given as 15 and in Hindi medium of the paper the fourth option was given as 25.

Concept:

Direction plays a very important role in navigation to a place.

Directions are based on the compass.

Major directions are:

• north
• north east
• east
• south east
• west
• south west
• north west
• south

Man has to go from point A to B.

He starts from A goes to O and then to B.

An inverted ‘L’ shape is made.

Indicating the direction is Southeast.

Now, to find out the distance between A and B.

We end to join A to B.

As a triangle is made, we need to find a distance.

Pythagoras theorem will be applied.

a² = b²+ c²

Here, a²= AB

b²= 50²=2500m

c²= 120²= 14,400m

Therefore, a²= 2500 + 14,4000=16,900m

a= √16,900

a=130m

Thus, the distance between A and B is 130m the direction of A with respect to B is Southeast.

The Correct Answer is: Sloths look like bear and spend almost 17 hours a day sleeping while hanging upside down on a tree branch

 Key PointsAbout Sloth:

• Sloths sleep for almost 17 hours per day.
• That leaves only nine hours to lumber through the trees.
• They maintain a low body temperature of about 86°F to 93°F.
• They move in and out of the shade to regulate their body temperature.
• The sloth eats the leaves of the same tree on which it lives.
• It hardly needs anything else.
• When it has eaten enough leaves from that tree, it moves to the nearby tree.
• Sloths live for about 40 years.
• During that time they move around only eight trees.
• Once a week it comes down from the tree to relieve itself.
• It has a hairy body and looks like a small bear.

Thus,

Sloths look like bear and spend almost 17 hours a day sleeping while hanging upside down on a tree branch - Correct.

Explanation:

There are different methods of separation used for different mediums.

Filtration: It is the method of separating solid from liquid.

Example:

• milk being liquid and cream being solid, the separation is done by filter action.

Thus, filtration is the process used for the separation of cream from milk.​​

Additional Information

Sieving: it is the method of separation of solid from solid depending upon their weight and size. 

• Sieve is used for separation.

Example:

• The husk is separated from the wheat.
• Small particles from flour depending upon size.

Sedimentation: The settling down of the heavy particle at the bottom.

Example: 

• Separation of sand from water.

Decantation: It is a process of separation of two immiscible liquids.

Example:

• Separation of oil and water. If the mixture is allowed to settle the oil will start to float and can be separated.

Concept:

• Maps are drawn to reduced scales.
• Scale =  actual distance on the ground/distance shown on the map.

Given:

• Scale 1 cm = 110 meters
• The distance between Fateh Darwaja and Jamali Darwaja = 10.7 cm.

Explanation:

• 1 cm on map = 110 meters on the ground.
• The actual distance between cities = 10.7 x 110 meters = 1177 m = 1.177 km

Thus, the actual distance between Fateh Darwaja and Jamali Darwaja = is approximately 1.177 km.

Concept:

• India is a country of vast geographical expanse.
• In the north, it is bound by the lofty Himalayas.
• The Arabian Sea in the west.
• The Bay of Bengal in the east.
• The Indian Ocean in the south.

Explanation:

Indian States / Union Territories with the coast on the Bay of Bengal:

• West Bengal.
• Odisha.
• Andhra Pradesh.
• Tamil Nadu.
• Puducherry.
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Thus, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu have a coast on the Bay of Bengal.

Additional Information

Indian States / Union Territories with the coast on the Arabian Sea:

• Gujarat.
• Maharashtra.
• Goa.
• Daman and Diu.
• Karnataka.
• Kerela.
• Lakshwadeep.
• Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

Concept:

Direction is divided into 8 sections, 4 cardinal directions, and 4 ordinal directions.

• The four cardinal directions are the directions north, east, south, and west, commonly denoted by their initials N, E, S, and W.
• East and west are perpendiculars (at right angles) to north and south.
• East is in the clockwise direction of rotation from north and west is directly opposite east.
• The ordinal directions are North-East (NE), south-east (SE), south-west (SW), and north-west (NW).
• NE, SE, SW, and NW lie in between the cardinal directions north and east, south and east, south and west, and north and west respectively.

Explanation:

Thickest forest in India is located in the states of:

• Sikkim
• Arunachal Pradesh
• Jharkhand
• West Bengal

If we are in Madhya Pradesh then, the thick forest will be in the northeast direction.

Thus, with respect to Madhya Pradesh, the thick forest will be the northeast direction.

A shooting star is a meteorite that catches fire while entering the earth’s atmosphere: 

Explanation:

• A shooting star is nothing but meteors burning up when they enter the earth's atmosphere.
• ​The Shooting Star looks exactly the same as the Inverted hammer.

Meteorite:

• A meteorite is a solid piece of debris from an object, such as a comet, asteroid, or meteoroid, that originates in outer space and survives its passage through the atmosphere to reach the surface of a planet or moon.
• Heavenly matter landing on the earth’s surface is known as Meteorite.
• A meteor is simply an asteroid that attempts to land on Earth but is vaporized by the Earth’s atmosphere.
• ​If chunks of a comet melt off as it passes close to the Sun, this debris can be left behind to later dazzle us, Earthlings, with a meteor shower.

Additional InformationStars:

• Stars are a massive self-luminous celestial body of gas that shines by radiation derived from their internal energy sources.
• The twinkling of stars is due to the atmospheric refraction of star-light.
• The refraction of light caused by the earth's atmosphere having air layers of varying optical density is called atmospheric refraction.
• This causes the light from the star to twinkle when seen from the ground.

Satellite:

An object moving at a constant speed can be a satellite.

• A satellite is a moon, planet or machine that orbits a planet or star.
• A satellite moves at a constant speed around a larger object.
• Earth is a satellite because it moves around the sun.
• The moon is a satellite because it moves around Earth.
• Earth and the moon are called "natural" satellites.

Khejadli or Khejarli is a village in the Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. The name of the town is derived from Khejadi trees that were once abundant in the village.

Key Points

About Khejadi tree:

• Its scientific name is Prosopis cineraria.
• It is known by different names across India, e.g. Shami in Maharastra & Uttar Pradesh, Jammi in Telangana, Khijro in Gujarat, Khejri in Rajasthan, Janti in Haryana, and Jand in Punjab.
• It is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae.
• The Khejadi tree is found mainly in desert areas.
• It can grow without much water.
• Its bark is used for making medicines.
• People cook and eat its fruits.
• Its wood is such that it is not affected by insects.
• Animals in the area eat the leaves of the Khejadi.

​Therefore,

A. This tree is mainly found in desert areas: True

B. This tree can grow without much water: True

C. This tree stores water in its trunk which can be used for drinking when needed: False

D. The bark of this tree is used for making medicine and its wood is not affected by insects: True

E. This tree has very few leaves: False

Additional Information

About the Khejadli village:

• In the Khejadli village, no tree is cut and no animal is harmed.
• The people of Khejadli village take the responsibility of protecting the Khejadi trees upon themselves as a part of their culture.
• The people of Khejadli village are well known for their revolt against the king, who has ordered the felling down of these Khejadi trees for wood.
• The people hugged the trees and did not let them go and died saving them.
• Even today, the people of this area, called Bishnois, continue to protect plants and animals.
• Even though in the middle of the desert, this area is green and animals roam freely without fear.​