Environmental Studies PYQs

The correct answer is B and D.

Key Points

• Statement A is incorrect as social and economic marginalization are not interlinked.
• Social marginalization can lead to economic marginalization and vice versa.
• For example, individuals from marginalized communities may not have access to education or job opportunities, leading to economic marginalization.
• On the other hand, economic marginalization can lead to social exclusion, where individuals may not be able to participate in social events or have access to basic amenities.
• Statement B is correct as explained above.
• Statement C is incorrect as migration can occur due to various reasons such as seeking better job opportunities, education, or fleeing from conflict or persecution.
• Developmental projects may be a reason for migration, but it is not the only reason.
• Statement D is correct as displacement is the permanent relocation of people due to developmental projects.
• This can happen when people are forced to leave their homes and land due to the construction of dams, highways, or other infrastructure projects.
• Hence, the correct option is 4) B and D.

The correct answer is A, B, and C.

Key Points

• Baolis or Stepwells are architectural structures found mainly in rain-parched areas of India.
• These were built to store and conserve rainwater which could be used for various purposes like drinking, irrigation, and other domestic needs.
• Hence**, Statements A and B** are correct.
• Stepwells were not only used as a source of water but also as a community resource.
• People used to gather around these wells to socialize, perform religious rituals, and even for recreational activities.
• Hence, Statement C is correct.
• However, Statement D is incorrect as the steps in step wells were used to reach the water stored in the well.
• In fact, these wells were designed in such a way that people could easily access the water at different levels.
• Therefore, the correct statements are A, B, and C.
• Hence, the correct option is 4.

The correct answer is Repatriation.

 Key Points

• Repatriation refers to the act of returning refugees or displaced persons to their original region or country of origin.
• It is often a voluntary process, but can also be enforced by governments or international organizations.
• Repatriation can be a complex process that involves logistical challenges, such as organizing transportation and ensuring the safety of returnees.
• It is often seen as a key component of post-conflict reconstruction and reconciliation efforts.
• The term "refugee" refers to a person who has been forced to flee their home country due to persecution, war, or violence, while "displacement" refers more broadly to the forced movement of people within their own country.

Additional Information

• Displacement:
• When a huge number of people are uprooted from their homes, this is referred to as human population displacement.
• Transfer:
• Transfer of people refers to the large-scale migration of people from one area to another as a result of national or international policy, most usually motivated by considerations of race or religion.
• Immigration:
• ​Immigration is the process by which people move to another country to live permanently.

The correct answer is Woodpecker.

 Key Points

• The riddle describes a bird that makes holes in tree trunks to find hidden insects to eat and makes a "tuk-tuk-tuk" sound while working all day.
• The correct answer is option 1, the woodpecker, which is known for its distinctive drumming sound as it pecks at trees.
• Woodpeckers have specially adapted skulls and beaks that allow them to repeatedly strike trees without damaging their brains or eyes.
• There are over 180 species of woodpeckers worldwide, with varying sizes and colors, but they all share the common behavior of drumming and excavating for food.
• Some species of woodpeckers also have unique nesting habits, such as creating holes in dead trees or using man-made structures like telephone poles.

Additional Information

• Indian Robin:
• It is a vivacious black bird with a white wing patch and rusty red under the root of its cocked tail.
• It consumes spiders, insects, and their eggs as food.
• Sunbird:
• ​Small and thin Old World passerines called sunbirds typically have downward-curving beaks.
• Many of them, especially the males, have iridescent feathers and are vividly colored.
• Dove:
• Doves have thick bodies, short necks, and short, slender beak.
• Some species of dove also have fleshy ceres.
• They mostly eat plants, seeds, and fruits.

The correct answer is B,and D only.

Key Points

• A. The best period to start beekeeping is October to December.
• Statement A is wrong.
• The period from October to December is the best time to start beekeeping in Bihar, as the weather conditions are suitable for the growth and development of bees.
• Hence, Statement 1 is wrong**.**
• B. Every beehive has one queen that lays eggs.
• This statement is correct.
• Every beehive has one queen bee, whose primary role is to lay eggs and ensure the reproduction of the colony.
• Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• C. There are only a few males in the hive. They perform special roles as workers.
• This statement is wrong.
• Male bees, also known as drones, are fewer in number than female bees in the hive.
• Their primary role is to mate with the queen bee.
• Hence**, Statement 3** is wrong.
• D. Female bees fly around flowers in search of nectar. They collect nectar from flowers for honey.
• This statement is correct.
• Female bees, also known as worker bees, collect nectar from flowers for honey.
• However, they do not just fly around aimlessly, but rather have a structured process of finding and collecting nectar.
• Hence, Statement 4 is correct.
• Based on the above analysis, we can conclude that the correct statements are B and D.

**Therefore, the correct option is **option 3.

The correct answer is He is an agent who lends money and gives the details of the loan taken by each family.

 Key Points

• A Mukadam is a village level functionary in Maharashtra who acts as a liaison between the farmers and the sugar factories.
• They are responsible for managing the supply of sugarcane to the factories, ensuring timely payments to the farmers, and providing them with information about market trends and prices.
• In addition to this, they also play a crucial role in providing credit to the farmers, especially during the planting season when they need to purchase inputs like seeds and fertilizers.
• They maintain detailed records of the loans given to each family and ensure that they are repaid on time.
• Option 4 is the correct answer as it accurately describes the role of a Mukadam in providing credit and maintaining loan records for the farmers.

The correct answer is Of the presence of peptide bond in food. 

Key Points

• Peptide bonds are present in proteins and they react with certain chemicals to form a violet color.
• A blue liquid called biuret solution reacts with the proteins in food to turn it purple.
• Copper sulphate and sodium hydroxide are combined to create a biuret solution.
• The normal blue hue of the copper sulfate solution is changed to purple by the reaction with the proteins.
• Proteins are an essential nutrient for human growth and repair of tissues.

Additional Information

• Copper sulphate is not involved in the reaction that turns food violet.
• Methyl orange is also not involved in this reaction.
• O-peptide bonds do not exist in proteins and therefore cannot be responsible for the violet color.

The correct answer is Vitamin B1.

Key Points

• Vitamin B1, also known as Thiamine, is essential for the body to convert food into energy.
• Therefore, a deficiency in this vitamin can lead to weakness and low energy levels.
• Thiamine is also important for the proper functioning of the nervous system, so a deficiency can cause nerve damage and other neurological symptoms.
• Other symptoms of thiamine deficiency include fatigue, irritability, poor appetite, and weight loss.
• Good sources of thiamine include whole grains, legumes, nuts, and meat.
• However, some people may still have a deficiency due to poor diet or other factors.
• It's important to note that excessive alcohol consumption can also lead to thiamine deficiency, as alcohol interferes with the absorption and use of this vitamin.

Additional Information

• Vitamin D:
• Loss of bone density brought on by a vitamin D deficiency can result in osteoporosis and fractures.
• It may result in rickets in kids.
• Vitamin A:
• Blindness and vision loss can result from a vitamin A scarcity.
• It may also result in difficulties with your skin, heart, lungs, and other tissues.
• Vitamin C:
• Fatigue, easy bruising, and rough skin are signs of a vitamin C deficit.
• Vitamin C shortage in the diet causes scurvy.

The correct answer is Telangana.

Key Points

• Pochampalli is a district in the state of Telangana, which is located in southern India.
• The district is known for its unique style of weaving, which produces colorful sarees with intricate designs.
• Pochampalli sarees are made using a technique called ikat, where the yarn is dyed before it is woven to create patterns.
• The art of Pochampalli weaving has been recognized as a Geographical Indication (GI) product by the Indian government, which means that only sarees made in this region can be sold under the Pochampalli name.

Additional Information

• Ilkal sari:
• The town of Ilkal, located in India's Karnataka state's Bagalkot district, gives its name to the Ilkal sari.
• Cotton is used as the warp for the body of ilkal saris, art silk is used for the border, and art silk is also used for the pallu.
• Kalamkari sarees:
• These are only produced in Andhra Pradesh.
• Srikalahasti and Machilipatnam styles are the origin of kalamakari sarees.
• Kanchipuram silk sari:
• It is aparticular style of silk sari produced in Tamil Nadu, India's Kanchipuram district.
• The Government of India designated it as a geographic indication in 2005–2006.

The correct answer is Assam and Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Assam and Rajasthan are two major petroleum producing regions in India followed by Gujarat.
• Assam produces both crude oil and natural gas, with the Digboi oilfield being the oldest in the country.
• Rajasthan has significant reserves of crude oil, with the Barmer oilfield being the largest in the state.
• Bihar and West Bengal have some oil and gas reserves, but they are not major producing regions.
• Bombay High, located off the coast of Maharashtra, is the largest offshore oilfield in India and is a major contributor to the country's oil production.

Additional Information

• Petroleum is a fossil fuel that is formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms.
• India is heavily dependent on petroleum imports, with around 80% of its crude oil requirements being met through imports.

The correct answer is Acclimatisation.

 Key Points

• Acclimatization is the process by which an organism adjusts to a change in its environment by making small changes in its body.
• These changes are temporary and reversible.
• Acclimatization can occur in response to changes in temperature, altitude, or other environmental factors.
• It is important to note that acclimatization is different from adaptation, which involves permanent changes in an organism's genetic makeup to better suit its environment.
• Acclimatization can occur relatively quickly, often within a few days or weeks, and can help organisms survive in new or challenging environments.

Additional Information

• Acclimatization is a common phenomenon in both plants and animals.
• Plants can acclimate to changes in light, temperature, and humidity, among other factors.
• Animals can acclimate to changes in temperature, altitude, and other environmental factors by adjusting their metabolism, behavior, or physical characteristics.
• Acclimatization is an important mechanism for organisms to cope with changing environments and can help them survive in new or challenging conditions.

The correct answer is Loess.

 Key Points

• Loess is a type of sediment that is formed by wind, not by sea waves.
• Arches, cliffs, stacks, and other coastal landforms are all the result of erosion and deposition by sea waves.
• Arches are formed when waves erode softer rock beneath a harder rock, creating a hole or arch shape.
• Cliffs are created by the gradual erosion of rock by waves, which can cause the land to collapse and form a steep drop-off.
• Stacks are tall columns of rock that are left standing after the surrounding rock has been eroded away by waves.
• Loess, on the other hand, is a type of sediment that is formed by wind blowing dust and silt over long distances and depositing it in layers.

Additional Information

• Erosion and deposition are natural processes that shape the Earth's surface over time.
• Sea waves are a powerful force of erosion, as they can wear away rock and sediment over long periods of time.
• Coastal erosion can have both positive and negative effects, as it can create new landforms and habitats, but it can also threaten human settlements and infrastructure.

The correct answer is Mesosphere.

 Key Points

• Meteorites burn up in the Mesosphere, which is the third layer of the Earth's atmosphere.
• The Mesosphere is located above the Stratosphere and below the Thermosphere, and it extends from about 50 to 85 kilometers above the Earth's surface.
• This layer is very cold, with temperatures reaching as low as -90 degrees Celsius, and it also has very low air pressure.
• When a meteorite enters the Earth's atmosphere, it encounters air molecules in the Mesosphere, which cause it to heat up and burn up due to friction.
• Understanding the behavior of meteorites in the Mesosphere is important for studying the composition and history of the solar system.
• So the correct option is Mesosphere.

Additional Information

• Meteorites are small rocks or debris from space that enter the Earth's atmosphere.
• The Mesosphere is also the layer where noctilucent clouds, or "night-shining" clouds, are formed.
• These clouds are made of ice crystals and are only visible at night.
• Thermosphere is situated precisely above the mesosphere and under the exosphere.
• The second layer of the Earth's atmosphere, the stratosphere, is situated below the mesosphere and above the troposphere.
• The atmosphere's outermost region is known as the exosphere.
• The rest of the atmosphere is divided from space by this layer.
• The air in the exosphere is extremely thin and primarily made up of helium and hydrogen.

The correct answer is Moon will exert a greater gravitational force. 

Key Points

• If the orbit of the moon starts decreasing, it will come closer to the Earth and therefore exert a greater gravitational force on the planet.
• This increased gravitational force will result in stronger tides, both high and low.
• The difference between high and low tides may also increase.
• The gravitational pull of the moon also affects the Earth's rotation, so a closer moon could potentially alter the length of a day or its axial tilt.
• It is important to note that the moon's orbit is actually slowly increasing over time, so this scenario is unlikely to occur naturally.

Additional Information

• The key term mentioned in the question is "orbit," which refers to the path that the moon follows around the Earth.
• This path is elliptical in shape, and the moon's distance from the Earth varies as it moves along this path.

The correct answer is Dras.

Key Points

• The coldest inhabited place on earth located in Ladakh is known as Dras.
• Dras is a small town in the Kargil district of Ladakh, India.
• It is located at an altitude of 11,000 feet above sea level.
• The town experiences extremely low temperatures during winter, with the temperature dropping to as low as -60 degrees Celsius.
• Due to its harsh climate, the town is also known as the "Gateway to Ladakh".
• Dras is surrounded by beautiful snow-capped mountains.
• It is a popular tourist destination, especially during summer.

Additional Information

• Kargil:
• The joint capital of Ladakh is Kargil.
• It is situated close to the point where the Suru and Wakha Rong rivers merge.
• Kargil has a temperate climate.
• Winters are lengthy and chilly with temperatures frequently falling below 20 °C.
• Gangri:
• Gangri glacier is located in Ladakh.
• Karakoram:
• A mountain range in Kashmir that straddles the borders of Pakistan, China, and India is known as the Karakoram.
• Gilgit-Baltistan is home to K2, its tallest peak.
• The second-highest mountain range on Earth is the Karakoram.

Process skills refer to the cognitive abilities and strategies that students use to engage in learning and problem-solving tasks.

Key Points

• In the statement, the EVS teacher explains to the students that snakes do not have ears, leading to the cause-effect relationship that they cannot hear the sound made by a Sapera. By making this statement, the teacher helps the students understand the cause (lack of ears) and its effect (inability to hear). This demonstrates the process skill of establishing cause and effect.
• Additionally, the statement involves making a generalization based on observation. The teacher's statement implies that all snakes, as a generalization, lack ears and therefore cannot hear. This process skill of making generalizations based on observation is also present.

Thus, the process skills involved in the given statement are B and D.

When teaching the topic of food spoilage, it is crucial to discuss practical examples that can be directly linked to the student's experiences.

Key Points

• To check the expiry date before buying any commodity: This activity directly relates to the topic of spoilage of food and emphasizes the importance of checking the expiry date on food products.
• By discussing this activity, the teacher can highlight the significance of being aware of the expiry date to ensure the quality and safety of food items.
• This activity also promotes responsible consumer behavior and helps students understand the consequences of consuming expired or spoiled food.

Thus, it is concluded that the most appropriate activity that should be conducted/discussed in the class by the teacher to teach the topic of spoilage of food is to check the expiry date before buying any commodity.

Active learning is a pedagogical approach that involves the learner in the learning process. It is characterized by activities that encourage students to think, discuss, solve problems, analyze, and reflect on what they are learning.

Key Points

• In this case, self-study, problem-solving, and discussion are all active learning strategies.
• Self-study promotes independent thinking and allows students to learn at their own pace.
• Problem-solving gives students the opportunity to apply what they have learned in practical situations, enhancing their understanding of the subject.
• Discussion encourages students to communicate their ideas and learn from each other.

Thus, it is concluded that Self-study, problem-solving, and discussion best represent the strategies associated with active learning.

Key Points

• Adaptive learning is an educational approach that uses technology and data to personalize the learning experience for individual students.
• It allows students to progress through content and activities based on their unique needs, abilities, and learning pace.
• With adaptive learning, students have the freedom to learn at their own speed, and the system adjusts the content and learning activities to match their individual progress and preferences.
• This approach promotes personalized and self-directed learning.

Thus, it is concluded that when students are given the freedom to learn at their own pace, then the approach of learning is adaptive learning.

Hint

• Collaborative learning emphasizes group work and cooperation among students, where they work together towards shared learning goals.
• Active learning involves engaging students in hands-on activities, discussions, and problem-solving, encouraging their active participation in the learning process.
• Passive learning refers to a more traditional approach where students primarily receive information from lectures or instructional materials without actively participating or engaging in the learning process.

Inquiry-based learning is a pedagogical approach that places students' questions, ideas, and observations at the center of the learning experience. Educators play an active role in guiding and facilitating this process, but the students are largely responsible for driving the exploration of the topic.

Key Points

• Asking students to narrate their experiences of visiting shelters in the community is a strategy that encourages inquiry by promoting active engagement, reflection, and discussion.
• This activity allows students to:
• Share their first hand observations and experiences related to shelters.
• Engage in dialogue and discussion about different types of shelters, their purposes, and their significance in the community.
• Apply critical thinking skills as they reflect on their observations and draw connections between different shelters.

Thus, it is concluded that option 4 is the correct answer.