CDS English 4 Sep 2022 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is 'any other'.  

Key Points

• 'Any other' means all excluding that particular item or thing and can be used with both singular and plural nouns.
• Examples:-
• Singular: Any other man would have opened the door for a lady.
• Plural: I haven't met any other men who open doors for ladies.
• If we use 'all other' in the blank it will mean all the cities including Mumbai and Delhi.
• If we use 'any other' in the blank it will mean all the cities excluding Mumbai and Delhi.
• The use of any and all in the blank will be grammatically incorrect.

Therefore, the answer will be Option 2.

The correct answer is 'well-known journalists '.  

Key Points 

• The words “One of the, either of, neither of, and each of” are always followed by plural nouns.
• Examples:-
• One of the student was selected to visit NASA. [Incorrect]
• One of the students was selected to visit NASA. [Correct]
• Hence, 'well-known journalists' is contextually and grammatically correct.
• Renowned means admired for its excellence.- Einstein was a renowned physicist. 
• We do not write this word as 'well-renowned'.​
• Well-known means famous.- Hitler was a well-known dictator.

Therefore, the answer will be Option 1.

The correct answer is 'silken'.  

Key Points 

• Let's see the meaning of the given words:
• grating: sounding harsh and unpleasant.
• strong: having the power to move heavy weights or perform other physically demanding tasks.
• silken: made of silk, soft or lustrous like silk.
• heavy: of great weight; difficult to lift or move.
• Hence, we can conclude that 'silken' will fit correctly in the blank as it is grammatically and contextually correct.

Therefore, the answer will be Option 3.

The correct answer is 'taken for granted'.  

Key Points 

• Let's see the meaning of the given phrases:
• taken for granted: to assume (something) as true, real, unquestionable, or to be expected
• taken as granted: This phrase is not correct.
• taken for ease: This phrase is not correct.
• taken in it: This phrase is not correct.
• Hence, we can conclude that 'taken for granted' will fit correctly in the blank as it is grammatically and contextually correct.

Therefore, the answer will be Option 1.

The correct answer is 'would have been '. 

Key Points 

• The given sentence is a conditional sentence that starts from 'had'.
• For the conditional sentence which is in the past perfect tense, the result will be in 'would + have + past participle (V3)' format.
• Hence, 'would have been' will be grammatically and contextually correct for the blank.

Hence, the correct answer will be Option 4.

Additional Information

• Same conditional sentences but two forms of sentences: For example:
• Had I been the CEO of the company, it wouldn't have registered such heavy losses.
• If I had been the CEO of the company, I would have brought about some drastic changes

The correct answer is 'out of gear'. 

Key Points 

• Let's see the meaning of the given phrases:
• 'Out of gear' is an idiom that means out of order; not functioning properly.
• in the gear: in proper or active working order; functioning continuously without trouble.
• about: on the subject of; concerning.
• in spirits: to take part in something with enthusiasm.
• Hence, we can conclude that 'out of gear' will fit correctly in the blank as it is grammatically and contextually correct.

Therefore, the answer will be Option 2.

The correct answer is 'full swing'. 

Key Points 

• Let's see the meaning of the given phrases:
• In full swing is an idiom that means "at the highest level of activity".
• full of circles:  through a series of developments that lead back to the original source, position, or situation or to a complete reversal of the original position.
• full length: of the standard length.
• full mode: something occurs or is experienced, expressed, or done in a total manner.
• Hence, we can conclude that 'full swing' will fit correctly in the blank as it is grammatically and contextually correct.

Therefore, the answer will be Option 1.

The correct answer is 'out of the question'. 

Key Points

• Let's see the meaning of the given phrases:
• on question: on the subject of the question
• in question: being considered or discussed.
• where the question: asking about the location of the question.
• out of the question: too impracticable or unlikely to merit discussion.
• Hence, we can conclude that 'out of the question' will fit correctly in the blank as it is grammatically and contextually correct.

Therefore, the answer will be Option 4.

The correct answer is 'could take'.

Key Points

• A conditional sentence is based on the word 'if'. There are always two parts to a conditional sentence – one part beginning with 'if' to describe a possible situation and the second part which describes the consequence.
• If the condition is in the simple past tense, the result will be in 'would + V1 or, could/might/should + V1' format.
• In the given sentence, the result is in 'would + V1' format hence the condition should be in the simple past tense.
• We will use 'could take' as it is in the simple past tense.

​Hence, the answer will be Option 2.

The correct answer is 'has been'.

Key Points

• In the sentence 'since' is used to indicate a particular point of time.
• 'Since' is one of the most common and used prepositions in the English language. It refers to a specific point of time.
• For example:- She has been waiting here since evening.
• If a sentence uses 'since', they usually make use of perfect tenses.
• 'waiting' is in 'verb+ing' form, hence the tense will be 'Present perfect continuous tense'.
• In the 'Present perfect tense' we use the supporting verb -'has' which will be followed by 'been'.
• The complete sentence will be - He has been waiting for you since morning.

​Hence, the correct answer will be - Option 2.

Important Points

• The present perfect continuous tense (also known as the present perfect progressive tense) shows that something started in the past and is continuing at the present time.
• The present perfect continuous is formed using the construction has/have been + the present participle (root + -ing).
• For example:- You have been telling a lie.

The correct answer is 'Perspicacity means ability to discern and Perspicuity means lucidity of expression'. 

Key Points

• Perspicacity means the quality of having a ready insight into things; shrewdness.
• Perspicuity means clear and lucid.
• He​nce, we can conclude that Perspicacity means the ability to discern and Perspicuity means lucidity of expression.

Hence, the answer will be option 1.

Additional Information

• Let's see the meaning of the following words:
• discern: recognize or find out.
• tenacity: the quality or fact of being able to grip something firmly; grip.

The correct answer is 'Complaisant means eager to please and Complacent means overconfident'.

Key Points

• Complaisant means willing to please others or to accept what they do or say without protest.(मेहरबान, उपकारी, विनयपूर्ण)
• For example:- She carried on passionate love affairs with the consent of her complaisant husband.
• Complacent means showing smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements.(आत्मसंतुष्ट , बेपरवाह ,प्रयासहीन )
• For example:- We can't afford to be complacent about illiteracy.
• By referring to the above meanings and examples, it can be concluded that Complaisant means eager to please and Complacent means overconfident.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 'Compliment means to praise and Complement means to go well with'.

Key Points 

• Compliment means a polite expression of praise or admiration; politely congratulate or praise (someone) for something.(सराहना, वाह वाह करना, प्रशंसा करना)
• For example:-  I try to graciously accept both compliments and criticism.
• Complement means a thing that contributes extra features to something else in such a way as to improve or emphasize its quality.(इज़ाफ़ा करना, पूर्ण कर देना,पूरक होना)
• For example:-  These red shoes are a great complement to my lace dress.
• By referring to the above meanings and examples, it can be concluded that Compliment means to praise and Complement means to go well with.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'To deify means to confer upon one the status of God and to defy means to oppose'.

Key Points 

• Deify means worship or regard as a god.(देवत्वारोपण, देवता मानना, देवता-सदृश पूजा करना)
• For example:- Pelé was deified by his fans.
• Defy means openly resist or refuse to obey.(विरोध करना, अनादर करना,चुनौती देना)
• For example:- She defied her parents and dropped out of school.
• By referring to the above meanings and examples, it can be concluded that Deify means to confer upon one the status of God and Defy means to oppose.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Evoke means to elicit a response and Invoke means to call upon through an appeal'.

Key Points 

• Evoke means bring or recall (a feeling, memory, or image) to the conscious mind; invoke (a spirit or deity); to give rise to; draw forth; produce:(पुकारना, बुलाना, आह्वान करना)
• For example:- The old house evoked memories of his childhood.
• Invoke means call on (a deity or spirit) in prayer, as a witness, or for inspiration; cite or appeal to (someone or something) as an authority for an action or in support of an argument.(आत्मसंतुष्ट , बेपरवाह ,प्रयासहीन )
• For example:- His incompetent leadership made it necessary for the rebels to invoke the help of France.
• By referring to the above meanings and examples, it can be concluded that Evoke means to elicit a response and Invoke means to call upon through an appeal.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'Sympathy means sharing another’s feelings and Empathy means understanding another’s feelings'.

Key Points 

• Sympathy means feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune.(सहानुभूति, हमदर्दी, दया-भाव)
• For example:- She went to her best friend for sympathy.
• Empathy means the ability to understand and share the feelings of another.(संवेदना, समानुभूति,तदनुभूति)
• For example:- I did not have empathy for the characters.
• By referring to the above meanings and examples, it can be concluded that Sympathy means sharing another’s feelings and Empathy means understanding another’s feelings.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Accept means to agree and Except means to exclude'.

Key Points 

• Accept means consent to receive or undertake (something offered); believe or come to recognize (a proposition) as valid or correct.(मान लेना, कबूल करना, मंज़ूर करना)
• For example:- They offered him the job, and he accepted it.
• Except means not including; other than; used before a statement that forms an exception to one just made; specify as excluded from a category or group.(अलावा, छोड़ देना, को छोड़कर)
• For example:-  We're open every day except Sundays.
• By referring to the above meanings and examples, it can be concluded that Accept means to agree and Except means to exclude.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'Reward is compensation for effort and Award is prize for recognition'.

Key Points 

• Reward means a thing given in recognition of service, effort, or achievement; give something to (someone) in recognition of their services, efforts, or achievements.(इनाम, पुरस्कृत करना, प्रतिफल देना)
• For example:- He was given the job as a reward for running a successful leadership bid.
• Award means give or order the giving of (something) as an official payment, compensation, or prize to (someone); a prize or other mark of recognition given in honour of an achievement.(पुरस्कार देने का निर्णय करना, इनाम,फैसला)
• For example:- The winner was awarded a gold medal.
• By referring to the above meanings and examples, it can be concluded that Reward means compensation for effort and Award means prize for recognition.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Emigrate means to leave for another country and Immigrate means to arrive at another country'.

Key Points 

• Emigrate means leave one's own country in order to settle permanently in another.(अपने देश को छोड़ कर दूसरे देश में बसना, परदेश निकल जाना, परदेस जाना)
• For example:- Many now emigrate, when occasion offers, to America.
• Immigrate means come to live permanently in a foreign country.(दूसरे देश में जा बसना, आप्रवासन करना,परदेश में बसना)
• For example:-  His family immigrated to Canada shortly after the war started, and has lived here ever since.
• By referring to the above meanings and examples, it can be concluded that Emigrate means to leave for another country and Immigrate means to arrive at another country.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'Immolate means to sacrifice and Emulate means to follow someone out of admiration'.

Key Points 

• Immolate means kill or offer as a sacrifice, especially by burning.(दान करना, कुर्बानी देना, बलि देना)
• For example:- He would immolate himself for their noble cause.
• Emulate means match or surpass (a person or achievement), typically by imitation.(की तरह काम करना, अनुकरण करना

,अनुसरण करना)

• For example:- We tried to emulate what we had seen in the morning.
• By referring to the above meanings and examples, it can be concluded that Immolate means to sacrifice and Emulate means to follow someone out of admiration.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• Here, we must use an  article.
• Since, 'essential' is the word followed by the article, we must use option 1 as 'essential' starts with a vowel sound.
• Thus, option 1 becomes the correct answer.

​The correct answer is: Banking is an essential building block to reach greater prosperity and help build

Additional Information 

• The adjectives a or an and the are usually called articles.
• A or an is called the Indefinite article, because it leaves indefinite the person or thing spoken of.
• The choice between a and an is determined by sound. 
• ​Before a word beginning with a vowel sound an is used and before a word beginning with a consonant sound a is used.
• ​Example: Not a word was said.

​                                               French is an easy language.

• The is called the Definite article, because it points out some particular person or thing.
• ​Example: The bed is broken.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• Here, we have to use a  relative adverb.
• Since the given sentence talks about a platform for providing financial services, option 2 must be used.
• Option 1 is an auxiliary verb and options 3 and 4 are interrogative pronouns, using them is inappropriate.

The correct answer is: A better system where financial services can create a path out of poverty.

Additional Information 

• Relative adverbs are words having an adverbial function because they modify adjectives or verbs.
• Example: Where, when, why.

The correct answer is "by"

Key Points

• We need to use a  proposition here.
• Since by is the proposition succeeding it by a conjunction' or', we can understand that the same proposition must be used here.
• Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is: However, big traditional banks often exclude low-income populations by

Additional Information 

• A preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show in what relation a person or thing stands in regard to something else.
• ​Example: in, on, with etc.

The correct answer is "these".

Key Points

• Here, we must use a  plural pronoun since we are mentioning a plural noun after it.
• Here, we must not be using an adverb. Thus, options 3 and 4 are wrong.
• Thus, option 2 becomes right.

The correct answer is: requirements or by using historically discriminatory practices that keep these

Additional Information 

• 'These' is used as a demonstrative pronoun.
• It is used to point out specific people or things.

The correct answer is "away"

Key Points

• Here, it is mentioned of the low income customers to stay distant from formal finance.
• Option 3 becomes appropriate to use here.
• All other options 1, 2 and 4 are inappropriate.

The correct answer is: Low income customers away from formal finance.

Additional Information 

• Here, 'away' is used as a multi-word proposition when used along with 'from'.
• Multi-word propositions have a noticeably variable feature that can assist their grouping into different categories, namely the kind of word they begin with.
• ​Example: along with, in front of, take after etc.

The correct answer is On

Key Points

• H ere, we are talking about debt and how it is associated with modern lifestyles
• Option 1 becomes the correct answer to be used as it mentions that modern lifestyles are predicated based on debt.
• All the other options 2, 3, and 4 are inappropriate here.

The correct answer is: Modern lifestyles are predicated on debt. 

Additional Information 

• Here, 'on' is used as a preposition.
• A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to show in what relation a person or thing stands in regard to something else.
• ​Example: in, with, of etc.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• Here, we have to find a word that shows relation to the attribute expressed.
• We need to use a proposition that will make the sentence logical.
• Option 4 becomes appropriate here as it helps to show that there are many 'modern financial products' that we can access using a 'bank account.
• Options 1, 2 and 3 are inappropriate here.

The correct answer is: Have a bank account with access to a range of modern financial products, you can.

Additional Information 

• Here, 'of' is used as a preposition.
• A preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show in what relation a person or thing stands in regard to something else.
• ​Example: in, on, with etc.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Here, we are talking about managing our debts.
• Also, about the financial system, its purpose.
• Here, option 3 is the most suitable option as it mentions about the financial system further.
• Since​ the sentence is provided in simple present tense, option 3 becomes correct.
• Options 1, 2 and 4 are not appropriate here.

Thus the correct answer is: This is what the entire financial system is for.

Key Points 

• Here, 'is' is used as a linking verb.
• 'Is' helps to link with the subject 'financial system' in the sentence.

The correct answer is "becomes".

Key Points

• Here, the given sentence is in the simple present tense.
• Since debt is a singular subject (noun), we use a singular verb.
• Thus, option 1 is the suitable answer here.
• Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect.

​Thus the correct answer is: But debt becomes a lifetime's trap if you don't have easy access to

Additional Information 

• Here, we use the subject-verb agreement.
• A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb.

The correct answer is "these".

Key Points

• Here, we are talking about not just one product, but more than one product.
• Since financial products is plural, we use a plural pronoun associated with it.
• Hence, options 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect.

​ The correct answer is: These financial products.

Additional Information 

• 'These' is used as a demonstrative pronoun.
• It is used to point specific people or things.

The correct answer is 'at'.

Key Points 

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'at'.
• Preposition: A preposition is a part of speech that is used usually before a noun or pronoun to show place, time, and direction*.*

1. Example: In, at, on, of, and to, etc.
2. Example: Deepa met Carrey at a party.

• At: At is a preposition used to refer to a small area or fixed point of time or place. It is used for a specific address or general location. It is also used to denote the negative and positive traits of someone. We also use it to refer to activities. "At" is used to tell when an event takes place.
• ​Example: Deepa met Carrey at a party.
• In the given blank, "at" is correct as it is used for a small area or fixed point of the place.
• All the other options are eliminated because of this reason.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Complete Sentence: System performance was demonstrated at the Drop Zone from an altitude of 5000 m.  

Additional Information 

• By: By is generally used to show how something is done. We also use 'by' which means "not later than" to refer to arrangements and deadlines. 
• Example: I’ll send it by email.
• Example: The delivery boy is always here by 11 am.
• In: In is used for the community or the local area and the preposition. We use "in" to talk about something or someone in relation to a larger area around someone or something. 'In' is used to indicate a location that is inside of something like- space, small vehicles, water, neighborhood, state, city, and country.

1. ​Example: Saniya has left her keys in the car.
2. Example: Dinkar lives in a city near San Francisco.

• With: With is a preposition used to indicate being together or being involved and also to indicate having something and indicate feelings.
• Example: Dev arrived with his father.

The correct answer is 'the'.

Key Points 

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'the'.
• Article: An article is used to modify a noun, which is a person, place, object, or idea.
• Example: A man, a car, a girl.
• Definite articles (The): The definite article "the" is used before the singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular.
• Example: Gurmeet gets on the bus.
• In the given blank, the definite article "the" is needed to explain the noun "leader" of the specific group.
• So, we have to use the definite article "the" to describe a specific noun i.e.  leader .
• All the other options are eliminated because of this reason.

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

Complete Sentence: Ranjit has been elected as the leader of the group in the house. 

Additional Information 

• Indefinite articles (A and An):
• A article: When the indefinite article comes before a word beginning with a consonant sound.
• Example: A book, a car.
• An article: When the indefinite article comes before a word beginning with a vowel sound.
• ​Example: An idea, an apple.
• Some: We use some in affirmative sentences. The indefinite pronouns all, any, more, most, none, and some can be singular or plural, depending on how they are used.
• Example: I’ve got some questions for you.

The correct answer is 'into'.

Key Points 

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'into'.
• Preposition: A preposition is a part of speech that is used usually before a noun or pronoun to show place, time, and direction*.*

1. Example: In, at, on, of, and to, etc.
2. Example: Deepa met Carrey at a party.

• Into: Into is a preposition that shows a thing in motion, something moving inside something else. It shows where something is or was going. "In" is used to show the position of a thing at rest. 
• Example: The ball fell into the well.
• In the given blank, only "into" shows that something is moving inside the building which was restricted due to COVID-19.
• All the other options are eliminated because of this reason.

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

Complete Sentence: Entry into the building was restricted due to the COVID-19 pandemic.  

Additional Information 

• Of: It can be used to help quantify a time or measurement.
• ​Example: She is coming on the second of September this year.
• For: We use for to talk about a purpose or a reason for something. We use "for" with a period of time in the past, present, or future.
• Example: Rishabh has waited at the station for nine hours.
• By: By is generally used to show how something is done. We also use 'by' which means "not later than" to refer to arrangements and deadlines. 
• Example: I’ll send it by email.
• Example: The delivery boy is always here by 11 am.

The correct answer is 'the'.

Key Points 

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'the'.
• Article: An article is used to modify a noun, which is a person, place, object, or idea.
• Example: A man, a car, a girl.
• Definite articles (The): The definite article "the" is used before the singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular.
• Example: Gurmeet gets on the bus.
• In the given blank, the definite article "the" is needed to explain the noun "perfection".
• So, we have to use the definite article "the" to describe a specific noun i.e. perfection**.**
• All the other options are contextually incorrect.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Complete Sentence: Education is a manifestation of the perfection already in man. 

Additional Information 

• A article: When the indefinite article comes before a word beginning with a consonant sound.
• Example: A book, a car.
• Some: We use some in affirmative sentences. The indefinite pronouns all, any, more, most, none, and some can be singular or plural, depending on how they are used.
• Example: I’ve got some questions for you.
• To: It is used to indicate a destination or direction.
• ​Example: Garima is going to California next week.

The correct answer is 'A'.

Key Points 

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'a'.
• Article: An article is used to modify a noun, which is a person, place, object, or idea.
• Example: A man, a car, a girl.
• A article: When the indefinite article comes before a word beginning with a consonant sound.
• Example: A book, a car.
• In the given blank, "university" is a word that sounds consonant which is only explained by the article "a".
• All the other options are eliminated because of this reason.

​Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Complete Sentence: A university is a place for thinking and learning. 

Additional Information 

• An article: When the indefinite article comes before a word beginning with a vowel sound.
• ​Example: An idea, an apple.
• Definite articles (The): The definite article "the" is used before the singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular.
• Example: Gurmeet gets on the bus.
• Some: We use some in affirmative sentences. The indefinite pronouns all, any, more, most, none, and some can be singular or plural, depending on how they are used.
• Example: I’ve got some questions for you

The correct answer is 'a'.

Key Points 

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'a'.
• Article: An article is used to modify a noun, which is a person, place, object, or idea.
• Example: A man, a car, a girl.
• A article: When the indefinite article comes before a word beginning with a consonant sound.
• Example: A book, a car.
• A few: We use "a few" to represent some or something in small numbers.
• Example: All Disha wanted was a few moments of her own.
• In the given blank, only "a few" is contextually and grammatically correct.
• We can't use "an" with consonants and "some" is contextually incorrect and without any article is wrong as it means not many or almost none.
• All these other options are contextually and grammatically incorrect.

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

Complete Sentence: Amid a few incidents of violence, the voting went on well. 

Additional Information 

• Some: We use some in affirmative sentences. The indefinite pronouns all, any, more, most, none, and some can be singular or plural, depending on how they are used.
• Example: I’ve got some questions for you.
• An article: When the indefinite article comes before a word beginning with a vowel sound.
• ​Example: An idea, an apple.
• Few: We use few with plural countable nouns. Without the article "a" few emphasize a small number of something. Adding the article removes the emphasis that "a few" means some.
• Example: Few good people are there in the class now.

The correct answer is 'a'.

Key Points 

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'a'.
• Article: An article is used to modify a noun, which is a person, place, object, or idea.
• Example: A man, a car, a girl.
• A article: When the indefinite article comes before a word beginning with a consonant sound.
• Example: A book, a car.
• On the horns of a dilemma is an idiom that means to be unable to decide which of two things to do because either could have bad results.
• Example: Isha was on the horns of a dilemma when I was offered another job.
• Therefore, in the given blank the article "a" is needed which means scholars are usually not able to decide what to do now.
• So, as it is an idiom so we can't change the words of any idiom.

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

Complete Sentence: Scholars are often caught on the horns of a dilemma. 

Additional Information 

• Definite articles (The): The definite article "the" is used before the singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular.
• Example: Gurmeet gets on the bus.
• Some: We use some in affirmative sentences. The indefinite pronouns all, any, more, most, none, and some can be singular or plural, depending on how they are used.
• Example: I’ve got some questions for you.
• Few: We use few with plural countable nouns. Without the article "a" few emphasize a small number of something. Adding the article removes the emphasis that **"**a few" means some.
• Example: Few good people are there in the class now.

The correct answer is 'to'.

Key Points 

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'to'.
• Preposition: A preposition is a part of speech that is used usually before a noun or pronoun to show place, time, and direction*.*

1. Example: In, at, on, of, and to, etc.
2. Example: Deepa met Carrey at a party.

• To: It is used to indicate a destination or direction.
• ​Example: Garima is going to California next week.
• Second to none is an idiom that means as good as or better than all others.
• ​Example: The conditions that these prisoners are kept in are second to none.
• Therefore, in the given blank, the preposition "to" is needed which means you have to make others feel that you are better than all others.
• So, as it is an idiom so we can't change the words of any idiom.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Complete Sentence: You need to make others feel that you are second to none. 

Additional Information 

• By: By is generally used to show how something is done. We also use 'by' which means "not later than" to refer to arrangements and deadlines. 
• Example: I’ll send it by email.
• Example: The delivery boy is always here by 11 am.
• With: With is a preposition used to indicate being together or being involved and also to indicate having something and indicate feelings.
• Example: Dev arrived with his father.
• For: We use for to talk about a purpose or a reason for something. We use "for" with a period of time in the past, present, or future.
• Example: Rishabh has waited at the station for nine hours.

The correct answer is 'along with'.

Key Points 

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'along with'.
• Along with: Along with means together with something or someone. It is used for mentioning additional people or things.
• Example: Billal was arrested along with eleven other men.
• In the given blank, "along with" is contextually and grammatically correct as it means how many students come together with or additional people come with you for the programme.
• All the other options don't show such meaning.
• Therefore, the other options are eliminated because of this reason.

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

Complete Sentence: How many students have come along with you for the programme?

Additional Information 

• By: By is generally used to show how something is done. We also use 'by' which means "not later than" to refer to arrangements and deadlines. 
• Example: I’ll send it by email.
• Example: The delivery boy is always here by 11 am.
• For: We use for to talk about a purpose or a reason for something. We use "for" with a period of time in the past, present, or future.
• Example: Rishabh has waited at the station for nine hours.
• Till: We use from with until or till to talk about when something begins and when it ends. It is used for time.
• Example: He worked till 2'O clock.

The correct answer is "by".

Key Points

• By now means at some time in the near past.
• For example: The server should have caught up with the increased traffic by now.
• Till now is used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time.
• For example: After watching 11 films, 'The Tiger' stays in his head even 'til now.
• For now means for a short time, until a situation changes
• For example: There is enough fuel to keep us going for now.
• We can use to as a preposition to indicate a destination or direction.
• For example:  We're going to New Delhi next week.
• From the above explanation it can be inferred that 'By now' contextually gives the meaningful sentence.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is "I decide not to take a decision."

Key Points

• Here, it is important to form a meaningful sentence.
• The first part of the sentence must satisfy the second part.
• The speaker is stating that he/she does take a decision which is not to take a decision.
• Only option 1 forms the correct alternative here.
• Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect.

Thus, the correct answer is: It is not that I do not take a decision, I decide not to take a decision.

Additional Information

• The given sentence is a complex sentence.
• It has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
• Example: I like this dress, but I like the other one better.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• The sentence formed is a conditional sentence.
• The conditional clause is given in simple past tense.
• The main clause to follow must be having would + infinitive.
• Here, option 2 and 3 follow 'would' after the pronoun 'I', but  option 3 is in present perfect tense.
• Option 2 is in would + verb format.

The correct answer: If I were in your position, I would not accept this compensation.

Additional Information

• The given sentence is a conditional sentence.
• It expresses that one thing is contingent on something else.
• It is based on the word 'if'.
• ​Example: If I pass the exam, I'll give you a treat.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• The given sentence is a compound sentence.
• The given clause has the perfect participle, 'having written' (having + V3).
• Option 4 is in present tense.

The correct answer is: Having written many novels and short stories, she feels life is too vast to understand

Additional Information

• A compound sentence is ne made of two or more independent clauses.
• ​Example: Our car broke down, we came last.

The correct answer is "you can choose any of them".

Key Points

• Let's see the given options-
• In option 3- "should" is used as to give a piece of advice but this is wrong when written with "none" as we can't give any negative advice to someone. According to the first statement, there are many career options hence, we can't say to choose anybody to choose none of the options.
• In option 4- "would" doesn't use for suggestion hence, this is incorrect to use "would" if there is "should" then we can say that it will be a correct answer.
• In option 2- "many" is incorrect as we can choose only one or two career options hence, it is illogical to use many.
• In option 1- "can" is used for possibility out of many career options we can choose any (one or two options) hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

So the correct statement is- There are many career options, you can choose any of them.

The correct answer "you would have fared well.".

Key Points

• The given sentence is a conditional sentence.
• The given clause is in the past perfect tense.
• The clause to follow must be in would have + past participle format.
• Example: If you had studied, you would have passed the exam.​
• Here, option 4 is in that format.

​Thus, the correct answer: If you had prepared well, you would have fared well.

Additional Information

• A conditional sentence describes a conditional situation.
• It is based on the word 'if'.
• ​Example: If I were you, I wouldn't have done that.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• This is an example of a compound sentence.
• Here, the given clause is in simple present tense.
• The clause to follow must also be in simple present tense.
• Here, option 2 satisfies it.

The correct answer is: Where there is a will, there is a way.

Additional Information

• The given sentence is a proverb which means that if someone really wants to do something, they will find a way to do it.
• A compound sentence is ne made of two or more independent clauses.
• ​Example: Our car broke down, we came last.

The correct answer is "must I turn on the lights ?".

Key Points

• The sentence implies that it is becoming dark, and the speaker needs to decide whether they should turn on the lights or not.
• The word "must" in the first alternative indicates that the speaker believes it is necessary to turn on the lights.
• This implies that the situation has become too dark to see properly and turning on the lights would be essential.

The correct answer is: It is getting dark, must I turn on the lights?

Additional Information

• The other alternatives are less appropriate in this context. 
• "Should I be turning the lights?" is grammatically correct but it sounds awkward and unnatural.
• "May I be turning on the lights?" is grammatically correct but it does not convey the urgency of the situation.
• "Can I turn on the lights?" is grammatically correct, but it does not express the necessity of turning on the lights, which is the most suitable option in this context.
• A modal auxiliary represents ability, permission, necessity, and degree of certainty.
• These are always followed by the simple form of verb.
• ​Example: can, may, might etc.

The correct answer is "who said he had been to an ancient place. ".

Key Points

• Here, the preceding part of the sentence must contain the pronoun 'who' as we are further mentioning the traveler.
• Also, we must not use modal auxiliary after pronoun.
• Since the event is in past, the past perfect tense must continue.
• Thus, option 1 is correct.

 The correct answer is: Once I met a traveler who said he had been to an ancient place. 

Additional Information

• A model auxiliary represents ability, permission, necessity, and degree of certainty.
• These are always followed by the simple form of verb.
• ​Example: can, may, might, etc.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• This is a compound sentence.
• Here, the main clause is in present tense.
• The clause that follow must be in present tense.
• To make the sentence logical, option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is: Man is the greatest truth of all, there is nothing beyond him. 

Additional Information 

• A compound sentence is ne made of two or more independent clauses.
• ​Example: Our car broke down, we came last.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• Here, the sentence is a conditional sentence.
• The given question consists of the conditional clause or if clause in simple present tense.
• The main clause to follow must be in simple present tense.
• Example: If you work out daily, you become healthy.
• Here, only option 2 is in simple present tense. Thus, it becomes the correct answer.

The correct sentence is: If your life is circumscribed by habits alone, you are merely an imitative machine.

Additional Information

• A conditional sentence is one which gives a condition and an outcome.
• It consists of a conditional clause or if clause and a main clause.
• Example: If you work hard, you will succeed.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• Since rubidium is our subject, Q is the first part.
• It is used in filaments, so P is 2^nd part.
• S is 3^rd part and R is 4^th part.
• Thus option 1 is correct.

The correct answer is: Rubidium is used in the filaments of photoelectric cells  which convert light energy into electrical energy.

Additional Information

• ​It is important to form a meaningful sentence by joining the parts.
• you can also answer by using the options and joining the parts in accordance with it.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• Since R talks about the subject, the philosopher, it becomes the introductory part.
• Q begins with the pronoun 'who' which further explains about the subject and is the 2^nd part.
• S is the 3^rd part and P is the 4^th part.
• Thus option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is: This is the final word of an educational philosopher who has left his mark on a world in which he urged so many to get involved.

Additional Information

• ​It is important to form a meaningful sentence by joining the parts.
• you can also answer by using the options and joining the parts in accordance with it.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Here, our subject is irony. It is in part in part R and it is the 1^st part.
• Q further continues part R and becomes 2^nd part.
• S is 3^rd part and P the final part.
• Thus, option 3 is right here.

The correct answer is: Irony is a figure of speech where you say one thing while you mean another or the opposite.

Additional Information

• ​It is important to form a meaningful sentence by joining the parts.
• you can also answer by using the options and joining the parts in accordance with it.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• Since R contains petroleum as the subject, it becomes the introductory part.
• The noun 'Middle East' having part, Q becomes the 2^nd part.
• Since, it has changed the 'lifestyle' of people, S becomes the 3^rd part.
• The final part is P.
• Thus option 4 is correct.

The correct answer is: The discovery of petroleum in the Middle East has changed the lifestyle of the people across the world.

Additional Information 

• ​It is important to form a meaningful sentence by joining the parts.
• you can also answer by using the options and joining the parts in accordance with it.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• Since 'camel' is the subject here, Q becomes the 1^st part.
• Since fat is used as energy by camel, P becomes the second part.
• S the 3^rd part and R the final part.
• Thus, option 1 becomes correct.

The correct answer is: The camel uses fat as a source of energy during its long journey in the desert.

Additional Information

• It is important to form a meaningful sentence by joining the parts.
• you can also answer by using the options and joining the parts in accordance with it.​

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• Since Q contains the subject matter here, Q becomes the introductory part.
• As its continuity, P comes in the 2^nd part and S the 3^rd part.
• As the before mentioned parts describes about the story, R becomes the final part.
• Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is: The-beginning and the concluding lines must support the main part or the events described in the story** 

Additional Information

• ​It is important to form a meaningful sentence by joining the parts.
• you can also answer by using the options and joining the parts in accordance with it.

​​

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Here, we are talking about the riverine ecosystem that is being polluted.
• Since the subject is in part Q, it becomes the introductory part.
• Since it is being damaged, part P the 2^nd part.
• R becomes the 3^rd part and S becomes the final part and completes the sentence.
• Thus option 3 is correct.

The correct answer is: Our beautiful riverine ecosystem is being systematically damaged by industrial pollution channeled into rivers.

Additional Information

• It is important to form a meaningful sentence by joining the parts.
• you can also answer by using the options and joining the parts in accordance with it.​

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• For making a sentence from jumbled parts, it is important that we form a meaningful sentence from it.
• Here, The subject is 'television screen' thus, the part having it will be the introductory part, that is, S.
• After that, there is a further mention of 'the film industry'. Thus, P comes 2^nd.
• After P, R comes third and Q forms 4^th part as it enables a logical continuity
• ​Thus the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is: The television screen is challenging the film industry due to its ready availability and  nearness to the viewers 

Additional Information

• ​It is important to form a meaningful sentence by joining the parts.
• you can also answer by using the options and joining the parts in accordance with it.​

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• For making a sentence from jumbled parts, it is important that we form a meaningful sentence from it.
• Here, since part Q starts with a noun 'researcher', it becomes the introductory part.
• The next part must be associated with part one. P becomes the second part.
• Thus, S third and R fourth.
• Thus the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is: Researchers say that they built an Artificial Intelligence system that like humans makes ethical judgments.

Additional Information

• ​ It is important to form a meaningful sentence by joining the parts.
• you can also answer by using the options and joining the parts in accordance with it.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• For making a sentence from jumbled parts, it is important that we form a meaningful sentence from it.
• Here, we can see that R comes in the first part as it becomes the introductory part in the sentence.
• After R, P comes in the second part with pronoun 'he' and there is more to the sentence.
• S comes in the third part and Q fourth.
• Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is: It is not that he is a fool, it is that he does not think others think intelligently.

Additional Information

• It is important to form a meaningful sentence by joining the parts.
• you can also answer by using the options and joining the parts in accordance with it.

The correct answer is "to contribute in ensuring security in the Pacific."

Key Points

• In the given passage, China signing a security pact with the Solomon Islands has been discussed.
• In the second sentence of the passage, it is clearly stated that the agreement was signed to ensure security in the Pacific.
• Thus, we can understand that China's objective of signing the security pact is correctly described in option 1.
• Therefore, it becomes evident that options 2,3, and 4 are wrong.

And option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Let's understand the meaning of the word security pact
• ​A security pact is an agreement between two or more countries on matters relating to security.
• Every security pact will have certain objectives (aim).
• Here, China has signed a security pact with the Solomon Islands.

The correct answer is "principles of peaceful coexistence. "

Key Points

• The significance of the pact extends beyond the immediate regional security concerns in the Pacific. The Solomon Islands government said the agreement does not imply China will build a base there. The pact does, however, relate to a second key pillar of China's avowed "peaceful rise” doctrine, which was, as popularised by “Panchsheel” or the “five principles of peaceful coexistence”
• Hence, according to the given lines we can say that the correct answer is Option 4.

 Additional Information

• Let's see the meaning of the word 'doctrine'
• ​Principles in a branch of the body or system.
• ​Example: The military doctrines ensure security for a nation.​

The correct answer is Beijing is not aspiring to have control over the world.

Key Points

• Let's understand the meaning of the word hegemon here
• "Hegemon" is something that has a dominant influence or authority over others.
• Let's understand the given statement here.
• 'Beijing would not seek to become a global hegemon' means that Beijing would not seek to have superiority over others, or it would never become a superpower.
• ​Among the options, only option 3 has the adverb 'not' in it**.**
• Options 1, 2, and 4 mention the opposite idea.

Thus, option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Let's see antonyms for the word hegemony.
• Impotent, weak, powerless etc.

Since options 1, 2, and 4 clearly state the opposite idea that Beijing aspires to be a global hegemon, option 3 is right here.

The correct answer is "Agreeing with the multiple views "

Key Points

• Let's understand the meaning of 'square with that idea'
• It means to agree with something
• In the passage, it is given that 'The deployment of security forces in a foreign country certainly does not square with that idea.'
• It means that China's deployment of security forces in the Solomon Islands  can be agreed upon.
• But, since the idiom means to agree with, option 4 is the correct answer.

​The correct answer is: Agreeing with the multiple views.

The correct answer is option 2.

 Key Points

• 'Strategic foothold' refers to the tactical or planned move to establish a position.
• In the passage, it is given that 'This will give China's vessels a strategic foothold in the Pacific'
• This means that China will now have planned access into the Pacific.
• Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

​The correct answer is: Planned access

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• In the passage, it is mentioned in the 2^nd sentence that 'It would enable nations to transfer credits to each other'.
• Also, trade is an exchange of substances or services between people or in this case, countries.
• Thus, option 3 becomes the right alternative.

​The correct answer is: The exchange of carbon credits between nations.

Additional Information

• Let's understand what are 'carbon credits'
• ​It means a permit that allows a country or organization to produce a certain amount of carbon emissions and which can be traded if the full allowance is not used.

The correct answer is option "Developed countries would take the revenue from bilateral trading agreements. ".

Key Points

• It is mentioned in the passage that 'A third issue is whether a share of the revenue from such a bilateral trading agreement will go toward the UN's Adaptation Fund. There have also been concerns about the integrity of the accounting system for such credits.'
• Here, it becomes clear that developed countries might take up the revenue.
• Thus, option 2 is correct.

​The correct answer is: Developed countries would take the revenue from bilateral trading agreements. 

Important Points

• It is important to read the passage carefully first.
• After reading the question, try to locate the part having the answer. Thus, it becomes easy to answer.

The correct answer is "Forests reduce carbon emission."

Key Points

• The passage talks about 'carbon emissions'.
• To reduce the intensity of such emissions, forest play a major role in it.
• Thus, forests reduce the emission of carbon, acting as a carbon sink.
• Hence, option 1 is correct here.

​The correct answer is: "Forests reduce carbon emission."

Additional Information

• Let's see the meaning of 'carbon sink'
• ​It means a forest, ocean, or other natural environment viewed in terms of its ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

The correct answer is "Developed countries and companies would not be adhering to the credit system. ​".

Key Points

• It is given in the passage that 'Critics of the trading system, and there are many, say it would give leeway to developed countries and companies that are highly polluting to stave off making deeper cuts in their low emissions by buying credits from poorer countries at exploitative prices.'
• Several points of concern regarding how will the developed countries follow the new system are mentioned in the passage.
• **This means that there is concern that "**Developed countries and companies would not be adhering to the credit system".
• Thus, option 1 is correct.

The correct answer is: Developed countries and companies would not be adhering to the credit system.  

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of adhere.
• ​It means to hold or to bind oneself.
• ​For example; The girl adhered to traditional values.

​ 

Important Points

• ​It is important to read the passage carefully first.
• After reading the question, try to locate the part having the answer. Thus, it becomes easy to answer.

The correct answer is "formal ways of doing something ".

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the word 'protocol'
• It means a code prescribing strict adherence to correct etiquette and precedence.
• Example: There was a breach in the protocols.
• Here, option 3 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is: Formal ways of doing something

 Additional Information

• Let's see the synonym of 'protocol'
• ​Formality, convention, rules, etc.
• ​Let's see the antonym of 'protocol'
• ​Disagreement, impropriety, bad manners, etc.

​ 

Important Points

• It is important to read the passage carefully first.
• After reading the question, try to locate the part having the answer. Thus, it becomes easy to answer.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• In the third sentence of the passage, it is clearly mentioned that food and fuel are the volatile components of inflation.
• That is, 'Excluding the volatile components such as food and fuel'.
• Thus, option 2 becomes the correct answer.

​The correct answer is: Components such as food and fuel.

Additional Information

• Let's understand the meaning of the word volatile.
• ​It means characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected change.
• ​​​Example: Gold rates can be very volatile.
• ​​Let's understand the meaning of the word inflation.
• ​It means a rise in the general price level.
• ​Example: The rate of inflation is very high now.

​ 

Important Points

• It is important to read the passage carefully first.
• After reading the question, try to locate the part having the answer. Thus, it becomes easy to answer.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

 It is given in the passage, in the 4^th sentence that 'considering the inflation in the pipeline — the wholesale price index continues to be in double digits — price pressures are unlikely to dissipate in the immediate term.'  

It means that price pressures does not break in short term because of inflation in pipeline.

Thus, option 1 is the correct alternative.

The correct answer is**: Because of inflation in the pipeline.**

Additional Information

 Let's look at the meaning of the word 'abate'

It means to decrease in intensity.

Example: The sunlight abated in the evening.

Important Points 

• It is important to read the passage carefully first.
• After reading the question, try to locate the part having the answer. Thus, it becomes easy to answer.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• Let's understand the meaning of the word 'pass through'.
• It means the act, action, or process of offsetting increased costs by raising prices.
• Example: The company modified the business as a pass through and increased the profit.
• In the given passage, it means that the service sector will raise the prices when demand goes up.
• Thus, option 1 becomes correct.

The correct answer is**: That services sector will increase prices as demands picks up.**

Additional Information

• Let's look at the synonyms of 'pass through'.
• Pass over, transit, go through etc.
• Let's look at the antonym of 'pass through'.
• Disregard, impulse, recklessness etc.

Important Points 

• It is important to read the passage carefully first.
• After reading the question, try to locate the part having the answer. Thus, it becomes easy to answer.

The correct answer is "Day-to-day "

Key Points

• Let's understand the meaning of the words given here.
• 'Quotidian' means occurring every day.
• Example: There is a quotidian routine that she follows.
• 'Existing' means to continue to be.
• Example: Many taboos are still existing in our society.
• 'Primary' means first in order or importance.
• Example: The primary concerns of the problem was solved.
• 'Main' means the essential point.
• Example: The main chef was absent today.
• 'Day-to-day' means everyday.
• Example: There are day-to-day functions that we perform.

The correct answer is: Day-to-day.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the synonyms of 'quotidian'
• ​Frequent, regular, continual etc.
• ​Let's look at the antonyms of 'quotidian'
• ​Abnormal, infrequent, seldom etc.

​ 

Important Points

• ​​It is important to read the passage carefully first.
• After reading the question, try to locate the part having the answer. Thus, it becomes easy to answer.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the word 'unanchoring'.
• It means to loosen from an anchor.
• Example: The unanchored ship sailed freely.
• In the given passage, it means that loosening of inflation and its expectations.
• Thus, option 3 is the correct alternative.

The correct answer is : The disjoint between inflation and its expectations.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the synonym of 'unanchored'
• Unfastened, untied, undone etc.
• Let's look at the antonym of 'unanchored'
• Chained, leashed, penned etc.

Important Points 

• It is important to read the passage carefully first.
• After reading the question, try to locate the part having the answer. Thus, it becomes easy to answer.

The correct answer is "advance messenger".

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given words.
• 'Harbinger' means something that foreshadows a future event.
• Example: Rain clouds are a harbinger of rains approaching.
• 'Regressive' means to move backwards.
• Example: The regressive business made a loss of the company.
• 'Advance' means to bring forward in time.
• Example: She has advanced in her studies.
• 'Overlooking' means to look into the past.
• Example: The consequences should not be overlooked.
• 'Ancestor' means one from whom a person is descended.
• Example: Your ancestors have left you with their will.

Thus, the correct answer is "advance messenger."

Additional Information

• Let's look at the synonyms of harbinger.
• Foregoer, herald, forerunner, etc.
• Let's look at the antonym of harbinger.
• Followers, descendants, etc.

The correct answer is "Landscape".

Key Points 

• Let's understand the meaning of the words given.
• 'Vista' means a distant view (especially a beautiful view) from a particular place.
• Example: The vista of the mountains is beautiful.
• 'Landscape' means the landform of a region.
• Example: The valley has a beautiful landscape.
• 'Location' means a position occupied by a person or thing.
• Example: GPS helps to find location.
• 'Feature' means the appearance or structure of a person or thing.
• Example: The feature of your face is beautiful.
• 'Vitality' means lively and animated character.
• Example: She had great vitality.

Thus, the correct answer is landscape.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the synonym of vista
• View, perspective, panorama, etc.
• Let's look at the antonym of vista
• Duskiness, darkness, fogginess, etc.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the words here.
• 'Lamentable' means that is to be regretted.
• Example: The after effect of a fight is quite lamentable.
• 'Deplorable' means something extremely bad or unfortunate.
• Example: Certain ghettos shows deplorable living conditions.
• 'Appreciable' means capable of being measured or perceived.
• Example: There is no appreciable change in the person's character.
• 'Acceptable' means able to be allowed or tolerated.
• Example: There is an acceptable noise range set in cities.
• 'Permissible' means something that may be allowed.
• Example: Mobile phones are not permissible inside exam halls.

Thus, the correct answer is deplorable.

Additional Information

• Let's look at some of the synonyms of the word lamentable
• Agonized, woeful, dolorous etc.
• Let's look at the antonyms of lamentable
• Delighted, cheerful, triumphant etc.

The correct answer is patience

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given words
• 'Endurance' means the ability to withstand hardship or adversity.
• Example: Working out helps to increase health and endurance.
• 'Patience' means the capability to remain calm without any complaints.
• Example: One needs a lot of patience to be in a queue.
• 'Success' means the accomplishment of a task or aim.
• Example: Success needs a lot of hard work.
• 'Enigma' means something hard to understand or explain.
• Example: Technical jargons are an enigma to me.
• 'Captivity' means a state of holding a person under the control of another.
• Example: The hostages were released from captivity.

The correct answer is patience.

Additional Information

• Let's look at some synonyms of endurance
• Abidance, continuance, persistence etc.
• Let's look at some antonyms of endurance.
• Cutback, abridgment, curtailment etc.​

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. 'expedition'.

Key Points

• The word "jaunt" means a short journey or excursion taken for pleasure. (सैर )
• Example: We decided to take a jaunt to the countryside for a day.
• "Expedition" refers to a journey undertaken by a group with a particular purpose, especially that of exploration, research, or war. (अभियान)
• Example: The team went on an expedition to explore the Amazon rainforest.

Therefore, the correct answer is: expedition.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Deliberation (विचार-विमर्श): Long and careful consideration or discussion.
• Example: After much deliberation, the committee decided to approve the new policy.
• Intersection (चौराहा): A point where two or more things, such as streets, cross each other.
• Example: The traffic light at the intersection was not working properly.
• Association (संघ): A group of people organized for a joint purpose.
• Example: She joined the local writers' association to network with other authors.

The correct answer is 'd'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is correct and there is no error in it.
• All the parts are correct.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4. 

Correct Sentence: It would be nice to have a good evening stroll after five hours of office.

The correct answer is 'c'.

Key Points

• The error lies in the usage of 'he likes' in the 'c' part or the third segment of the given sentence.
• As in the given sentence, we are talking about the likeness of Arun only in terms of the subjects, it isn't necessary to write the pronoun 'he' for him as only a single sentence is given and also a single topic is being discussed.
• Thus, the usage of 'he likes' in the 'c' part or the third segment of the given sentence is superfluous that makes the sentence grammatically incorrect.
• So, we have to remove 'he likes' in the 'c' part or the third segment of the given sentence in order to make it a grammatically correct sentence.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct Sentence: Arun likes Geography more than History.

The correct answer is 'b'.

Key Points 

• The error lies in the usage of 'has been' instead of 'has'.
• As in the given sentence we are talking about the wind power that it has also made steady progress like the solar energy across the world and in India. Here, wind power is the subject and the given sentence is in active form.
• Active form of a sentence is a sentence i.e being used when the grammatical subject is the person or thing that causes the effect, rather than the person or thing that experiences the effect of an action.
• Structure of the sentence:- Subject + Main verb + Object.
• For example:- He hit the ball.
• Thus, the usage of been in the 'b' part or the second segment of the given sentence is inappropriate as it will convert the structure of the sentence in the passive form i.e contextually and grammatically incorrect.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct Sentence: While the solar energy has grabbed the spotlight, wind power too has made steady progress across the world and in India.

The correct answer is 'b'.

Key Points 

• The error lies in the usage of 'dealing' instead of 'deal'.
• 'A great deal of' is an idiom which means large amount or quantity of something.
• Thus, the usage of dealing in place of deal is inappropriate as we can't change the letters or words of an idiom. The form of its tense can be changed.
• Therefore, the word dealing in the b part or the second segment of the given sentence should be replaced with the word deal in order to make it a grammatically correct sentence.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct Sentence: Pride brings a great deal of vanity, an egotistic inflation.

The correct answer is 'c'.

Key Points 

• The error lies in the usage of 'has' instead of 'is'.
• As in the 'c' part or the third segment of the given sentence, has + unwilling is given which is grammatically incorrect in terms of the structure of the sentence.
• Here, we are trying to convey that p**ersuasion happens only when someone takes a stand from which he/she is unwilling to move. Thus, the usage of is in the 'c' part or the third segment of the given sentence is appropriate as we are simply trying to convey that someone is unwilling to move forward.
• Therefore, the usage of has is inappropriate as it indicates the possession of someone on something which is not required here.
• Thus, has should be replaced with is in the 'c' part or the third segment of the given sentence in order to make it a grammatically correct sentence.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct Sentence: Persuasion happens only when someone takes a stand from which he is unwilling to move.

The correct answer is 'b'.

Key Points 

• The error lies in the usage of 'on' after 'converted'.
• As the word converted isn't followed by the preposition on, it is followed by the prepositions 'to' and 'into'.
• Thus, the usage of on after converted in the 'b' part or the second segment of the given sentence is inappropriate.
• On from the 'b' part or the second segment of the given sentence should be removed as the correct preposition is already given in the 'c' part or the third segment of it.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct Sentence: The food consumed in the body is converted into glucose.

The correct answer is 'd'.

Key Points 

• The given sentence is present Indefinite tense as the verb is in (v1+es form) i.e. requires
• Indefinite pronoun takes singular form however it is followed by preposition 'to', thus main verb is in first form i.e. 'fast'
• Thus, the given sentence is grammatically and contextually correct.

Note- One may confuse with the 'fasting' word however, here it is an adjective (Verb + ing) which is qualifying the subject 'blood sugar'--- >

• E.X- That was a really boring presentation.