AFCAT 17th Feb 2024 (Shift 1) Memory Based Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct meaning- 'a person who is not experienced'

Key Points 

• let's look at the meaning of the given idiom
• Greenhorn: a person who is new to or inexperienced at a particular activity.(एक व्यक्ति जो किसी विशेष गतिविधि में नया या अनुभवहीन है।)
• Example: I’m a greenhorn when it comes to skiing.

                                     She remarks that he is no longer a greenhorn, rejecting his advances.

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**​​​From the above lines, we can say that a person who is not experienced is the correct meaning of the given idiom.

The correct answer is  'To speak eagerly about something you support'

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom/ Phrase.
• 'Beat the drum' means to Praise, promote or publicize (to support strongly).
• Example- Zoya is always beating the drum for her new project balance, which actually has done extremely well.
• Out of the given options, option 2 gives the correct meaning of the idiom.

Thus, the correct answer is option 2

The correct answer is 'to extinguish'

Key Points

• The meaning of the phrase 'to put out' is- extinguish something that is burning.
• Let's see an example-
• Fire crews from Grangetown put out the blaze.

So the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'Outside the limits of where one is permitted to be.'

Key Points

• Given Idiom: Out of bounds means outside the limits of where one is permitted to be. (उस सीमा से बाहर जहां किसी को रहने की अनुमति है)
• Example: His kitchen was out of bounds to me at mealtimes.
• From the given options, the first option is the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

 

Additional Information

• This expression alludes to the boundaries of the playing area in numerous sports and to the rules applying to them. Its figurative use dates from the 1940s.

The correct answer is “QSPR”

Key Points

This paragraph talks about the ‘set up of the International Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure.’

• Clause ‘Q’ is the first statement, we can conclude that the next clause should continue with the name or purpose of 'International Alliance'.
• Clause ‘Q’ fits perfectly as the following fragment. Thus, the opening statement and clause ‘Q’ make a mandatory pair.
• Further, clause ‘Q’ ends with ‘yet’ and clause ‘S’ begins with ‘another’ and they make sense together.
• Thus, clause ‘Q’ and clause ‘S’ also make a mandatory pair.
• Clause ‘S’ gives further information for clause ‘P’.
• Clause ‘P’ is dependent on clause ‘R’ as it continues “other environmental …. crises confronting…”

Hence, the correct answer is “The Parliament's decision last week to set up the International Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure is yet another leadership effort by India towards tackling climate and other environmental crises confronting the world.”

Additional Information

When we are doing Sentence Rearrangement & Para jumbles, we have to keep three things in our mind:

1. Identify the introductory and concluding sentences.
2. After identifying the first and last sentences, the next task is to trace the flow of information the author used. By doing this, you will be able to see the purpose of all the paragraphs, which by default will prompt you to develop a sequence between the sentences.
3. 'For solving parajumbles, combining statements based on particular characteristics or indicators works well.

The correct answer is “RQPS”

Key Points

This paragraph talks about the ‘Gujarat is a classic example of learning how to deal with disasters.’

• If we read the opening statement clearly, we can conclude that the next statement should continue to explain what learning is about.
• Clause ‘R’ performs this, and it is established that clause ‘R’ is the following fragment. Thus, the introductory clause and clause ‘R’ form a mandatory pair.
• Further, clause ‘R’ ends with ‘is’ and clause ‘Q’ begins with singular ‘every reason.’ Thus, clause ‘R’ and clause ‘Q’ also form a mandatory pair.
• Clause ‘P’ is dependent on clause ‘Q’ as it continues “… share the expertise… acquired the hard way…’

Hence, the correct answer is “Gujarat is a classic example of learning to cope with disasters, and there is every reason to share the expertise acquired the hard way with other Indian states and other nations.”

Additional Information

When we are doing Sentence Rearrangement & Para jumbles, we have to keep three things in our mind:

1. Identify the introductory and concluding sentences.
2. After identifying the first and last sentences, the next task is to trace the flow of information the author used. By doing this, you will be able to see the purpose of all the paragraphs, which by default will prompt you to develop a sequence between the sentences.
3. 'For solving parajumbles, combining statements based on particular characteristics or indicators works well.

The correct answer is - Option 3) i.e 'Flotilla'

Key Points

• 'Flotilla' is a 'noun' which means 'a small fleet of ships or boats'.
• Example: a flotilla of cargo boats
• Let us explore the given options

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Important Points

• Use: Flotilla comes from the diminutive form of the Spanish noun flota, meaning "fleet." Flota derives via Old French from Old Norse "floti" and is related to Old English "flota" ("ship"), an ancestor to our word float.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Flotilla' are 'armada, squadron, argosy, group, navy, cortege, parade, procession'.

Hence 'A fleet is usually small boats' is 'Flotilla'

The correct answer is 'camp out'.

 Key Points

• The phrasal verb 'camp out' means to set up a tent or shelter and stay there for a short period, typically outdoors, which aligns well with the action taking place in a national park.
• Therefore, the sentence reads, "Let’s camp out in the national park."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 Additional Information

• Understanding and properly using phrasal verbs can make English speech and writing more natural and fluent.
• Native English speakers frequently use them in conversation.

Here the correct answer is Epithet.

Key Points:-

• 'Epithet' is a noun meaning an adjective or phrase expressing a quality or attribute regarded as characteristic of the person or thing mentioned.
• For Example - Old men are often unfairly awarded the epithet ‘dirty'.
• Let's look at the meaning of the other options:-

Therefore, the correct one word for the given descriptive sentence is 'Epithet'.

The correct answer is: Epitome.

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Key Points

• Paragon means a perfect example of something or someone. (किसी चीज़ या व्यक्ति का एक आदर्श उदाहरण)
• Example: She is a paragon of beauty and grace.
• Marked option Epitome means a perfect example of a particular quality or type. (किसी विशेष गुणवत्ता या प्रकार का एक आदर्श उदाहरण)
• Example: He is the epitome of success and hard work.

Therefore, option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Transient means temporary or passing quickly. (अस्थायी या जल्दी से गुजरने वाला)
• Associate means to connect or link with something or someone. (किसी चीज़ या व्यक्ति से जुड़ना)
• Grumpy means bad-tempered or irritable. (बुरे स्वभाव वाला या चिड़चिड़ा)

The correct answer is Furtive

Key Points

Let's look at the meaning of the given word and the correct  answer:

• Candid:  truthful and straightforward; frank
• ​E.g.: It is very important that politicians be completely candid with their citizens.
• Furtive: suggestive of guilty nervousness
• ​E.g.: Arnie was looking at Amelie in a furtive manner.

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Thus, it is clear that 'candid' and 'furtive' are opposite in meaning. 

Additional Information

Let's look at the meaning of the other words:

• Impartial: treating all rivals or disputants equally; fair and just
• ​E.g.: It is necessary that a Chief Justice in a Supreme Court be impartial to either of the sides' standing trial.
• Fussy: very attentive to and concerned about one's needs or requirements; hard to please
• ​E.g.: Ever since she was a child, Angela had been a very fussy eater.
• Ignorant: lacking knowledge or awareness in general
• ​E.g.: The Queen was able to take advantage of her subjects because they were ignorant about the laws governing their land.

The correct answer is 'the project manager is the one whose ultimately accountable for the project's success.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'the project manager is the one who is ultimately accountable for the project's success' should be used instead of 'the project manager is the one whose ultimately accountable for the project's success.'
• In the sentence provided, "who is" is the correct choice, not "whose."
• This is because "who is" is used to introduce a relative clause that identifies a person or entity. In this case, it refers to the project manager, who is responsible for the project's success.
• "Whose" is used to indicate possession or ownership, so it would not be appropriate in this context.
  

Correct Sentence: Responsible for overseeing the team's progress and delivering on key milestones, the project manager is the one who is ultimately accountable for the project's success.

The correct answer is option 2) i.e., 'obsession'.

Key Points

• Let us look at the meaning of the given options -  
• Possession - the state of having, owning, or controlling something.
• For Example - The city can take possession of the abandoned buildings.
• Obsession - the state of being obsessed with someone or something.
• For Example - She has an obsession about cleanliness.
• Persuasion - the action or process of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something. 
• For Example - She agreed to come, after a little gentle persuasion.
• Accusation - a charge or claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong.
• For Example - He denied the accusation that he had lied to the police.
• The given blank needs a word that would explain Anant, the musician's passion regarding buying expensive musical equipment.
• From the given meanings, it is clear that obsession is the best fit word for the given blank.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "Praise".

 Key Points

• "Commend" is a verb which means to express approval of, to praise, or to congratulate. It's often used when speaking about someone's admirable actions or achievements. (Commend का अर्थ है स्वीकार करना, प्रशंसा करना, या बधाई देना। यह मुख्य रूप से किसी की प्रशंसनीय कार्यों या उपलब्धियों के बारे में बात करते समय उपयोग होता है।)
• "Praise" is also a verb which means to express warm approval or admiration of someone or something. It could be for a job well done, or for qualities you appreciate in another individual. (Praise का अर्थ है किसी व्यक्ति या चीज़ की गर्मजोशी से अनुरोध या प्रशंसा करना। यह अच्छे काम के लिए, या किसी अन्य व्यक्ति में आपकी प्रशंसा के गुणों के लिए हो सकता है।)
• Example sentences:
• Commend:
• The teacher took this opportunity to commend the student on his improved behavior.
• Praise:
• The manager didn't hesitate to praise Emma for her fantastic presentation.

Hence, the option that is similar in meaning to the given word is 'Praise’. Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 1’.

 Additional Information

• Let’s have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• "Hold" mainly means to grasp, carry, or support with one's arms or hands. (Hold का मुख्य रूप से अर्थ है अपने हाथों या हाथों से पकड़ना, उठाना, या सहारा देना।)
• "Retain" means to continue to have something; to keep possession of. (Retain का अर्थ है कुछ रखने का जारी रखना; स्वामित्व बनाए रखना।)
• "Keep" means to retain possession of; to hold onto. (Keep का अर्थ है स्वामित्व बनाए रखना; पकड़े रहना।)

The correct answer is 'Option 3' (C).

Key Points

• The error in this sentence lies in the phrase indicated by 'C' ("into the forest dense").
• The phrase "forest dense" is improperly ordered according to English syntax.
• The correct order should be "dense forest", which would make the corrected sentence: "The rabbit was chased by the dog into the dense forest."
• This type of error is related to the incorrect placement of adjectives in a sentence. Adjectives commonly precede the noun they modify.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3' (C).

 Additional Information

• Option 1 (A) 'The rabbit was chased' is free from any errors as it correctly uses the passive voice in a past tense context.
• Option 2 (B) 'by the dog' is grammatically correct. It correctly shows the agent of the action in a passive construction.
• Option 4 (D) 'No error' is incorrect because there is an error in segment C.

The correct answer is “QSRP”

Key Points

• Clause ‘Q’ is the first statement (‘they felt bored, so they decided to go to the cinema’.)
• Clause ‘Q’ and clause ‘S’ is a pair (they decided to go to the cinema and found a traffic jam)
• Clause ‘R’ is the third statement (they reached in time of interval because of traffic jam)
• clause ‘P’ gives further information for the concluding statement.

Hence, the correct answer is “Sanam and Neha felt very bored one evening, so they decided to go to the cinema. On the way, there was a traffic jam, but they reached the theatre in time for the interval. Sanam wanted to stay on for the next show, but Neha wanted to return home.”

Additional Information

When we are doing Sentence Rearrangement & Para jumbles, we have to keep three things in our mind:

1. Identify the introductory and concluding sentences.
2. After identifying the first and last sentences, the next task is to trace the flow of information the author used. By doing this, you will be able to see the purpose of all the paragraphs, which by default will prompt you to develop a sequence between the sentences.
3. 'For solving parajumbles, combining statements based on particular characteristics or indicators works well.

The correct answer is: Enthusiasm.

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Key Points

• Fervour means intense and passionate feeling or enthusiasm. (तीव्र और भावुक भावना या उत्साह)
• Example: Her speech was delivered with such fervour that it inspired everyone in the audience.
• Marked option Enthusiasm is a synonym for fervour and means intense excitement or enjoyment. (तीव्र उत्तेजना या आनंद)
• Example: She showed great fervour while playing her favourite sport.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Apathy means a lack of interest or emotion. (रुचि या भावना की कमी)
• Hatred means intense dislike or hostility. (तीव्र नापसंदगी या शत्रुता)
• Disgust means a feeling of revulsion or profound disapproval towards something. (किसी चीज़ के प्रति घृणा या गहरी अस्वीकृति की भावना)

The correct answer is Calm

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of each word given:

The correct answer is: Stabilise.

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Key Points

• Falter means to hesitate or waver in action, speech, or purpose. (कार्य, भाषण या उद्देश्य में झिझकना या डगमगाना)
• Example: His confidence began to falter.
• Marked option Stabilise means to make something stable or steady. (किसी चीज़ को स्थिर या स्थिर बनाना)
• Example: The economy started to stabilize.
• An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning to the given word.
• Therefore, Stabilise is the most appropriate antonym of Falter.

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Suspect means to have doubts or mistrust about someone or something. (किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में संदेह या अविश्वास होना)
• Haunt means to continually disturb or distress someone. (किसी को लगातार परेशान या परेशान करना)
• Transfer means to move from one place to another. (एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान पर जाना)

The correct answer is 'Indifference'.

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Key Points

• Antonyms are words with opposite meanings.
• Fixation means a strong attachment or obsession with something. (किसी चीज़ के प्रति गहरा लगाव या जुनून)
• Example: Her fixation on collecting vintage stamps led her to search for rare pieces at every opportunity.
• Marked option Indifference means lack of interest or concern. (रुचि या चिंता की कमी)
• Example: Despite the exciting news, his indifference to the project was evident as he barely reacted to the announcement.
• Therefore, indifference is the most appropriate antonym for fixation.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Formulation means the process of creating or developing something. (किसी चीज़ को बनाने या विकसित करने की प्रक्रिया)
• Inclination means a tendency or preference towards something. (किसी चीज़ के प्रति प्रवृत्ति या प्राथमिकता)
• Reformation means the act of improving or changing something for the better. (किसी चीज़ को बेहतरी के लिए सुधारने या बदलने की क्रिया)

The correct answer is: slammed.

Key Points

• 'Slammed' ("जोर से बंद करना") is the correct answer because it means to shut (a door, window, lid, etc.) with force and noise.
• It best fits the context of the sentence, where the person is angry and likely to do something abrupt and noisy, like slamming a door.

Therefore, the correct answer is: She was so angry that she slammed the door and ran out.

Additional Information

• Meanings of the other options:
• 'Crashed' generally means to collide violently with an obstacle. (In Hindi, 'crashed' is "टकराना")
• 'Crushed' means to deform, pulverize, or force inwards by compressing forcefully. (In Hindi, 'crushed' is "कुचलना")
• 'Blasted' means cause to break open or apart suddenly and violently, or to explode. (In Hindi, 'blasted' is "विस्फोटित करना")

The correct answer is: Probability.

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Key Points

• Feasibility means the likelihood or possibility of something happening. (कुछ घटित होने की संभावना)
• Example: The feasibility study concluded that implementing the new technology is economically viable for the company.
• Probability is a synonym of feasibility because it also refers to the likelihood or chance of something occurring. (किसी चीज़ के घटित होने की संभावना)
• Example: There is a high probability of rain tomorrow, so you might want to carry an umbrella.

Thus, option 4 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Sustainability refers to the ability to maintain or continue something over time, often in reference to environmental practices. (किसी चीज़ को समय के साथ बनाए रखने या जारी रखने की क्षमता, अक्सर पर्यावरणीय प्रथाओं के संदर्भ में)
• Impropriety means improper behaviour or conduct. (अनुचित व्यवहार या आचरण)
• Heavy refers to something that is of great weight or burden. (कोई ऐसी चीज़ जो बहुत अधिक वजन या बोझ वाली हो)

The correct answer is 'As a skilled orator, he vivid illustrated the intricacies of the complex'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'As a skilled orator, he vividly illustrated the intricacies of the complex' should be used instead of 'As a skilled orator, he vivid illustrated the intricacies of the complex'.
• "Vivid" is an adjective, and "vividly" is its corresponding adverb. In the sentence I provided, "vividly" is used to modify the verb "illustrated" and describe how the action was performed.
• It indicates that the speaker provided a vivid, detailed, and lively presentation of the scientific theory, thereby enhancing the audience's understanding.
• Adverbs like "vividly" are used to provide more information about how an action is carried out, which is why it's used in this context to describe the manner of the illustration.
  

Correct Sentence: As a skilled orator, he vividly illustrated the intricacies of the complex scientific theory, masterfully engaging the audience's imagination and enhancing their understanding of the subject matter.

The correct answer is 'The astrologer wanted to earn some extra money.'

Key Points

• The astrologer sensed the stranger as a potential client when he saw him.
• His intention in inviting the stranger to sit and chat was indeed to start an interaction that would eventually lead to the offer of his astrological services.
• The astrologer's profession was to provide astrological services, which he charged for, thus the interaction could potentially earn him money

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'The astrologer is left in complete darkness after the nuts-vendor blew out his flare.'

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following line from the passage - 
• 'Since it left him in darkness except for a little shaft of green light which strayed in from somewhere and touched the ground before him'.
• Hence, though it could be said that the surrounding was mostly dark, the statement in Option 2 suggesting that the astrologer was left in complete darkness is incorrect.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2. 

 Additional Information

• The astrologer indeed charges three pies per question as stated in the passage, making Option 1 correct.
• The stranger agrees to give eight annas to the astrologer if he finds the astrologer's answers satisfactory according to the exchange between them in the passage, thus confirming Option 3 as correct.
• The stranger lights a cheroot before he sits down which is depicted in the line 'The astrologer sent up a prayer to heaven as the other lit a cheroot', thus verifying Option 4 as a correct statement.

The correct answer is 'The stranger agrees to give the astrologer eight annas if the astrologer's answers to his questions are satisfactory.'

Key Points

• In the given passage, a conversation takes place between an astrologer and a stranger. During this interaction, the stranger challenges the astrologer by asking him some questions, and sets the stakes for their deal.
• The stranger explicitly states that if he finds the astrologer's answers satisfactory, he will give the astrologer eight annas.
• This agreement is clearly depicted in the line, "Or will you give me eight annas? 'All right, provided you give me twice as much if you are wrong,' said the stranger".
• This line not only shows the consent of the stranger to provide eight annas if satisfied by the astrologer's service, but also he imposes a condition, stating that if the astrologer is wrong, he ought to receive twice the amount of eight annas.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 Additional Information

• The astrologer mentions charging three pies per question, not one rupee. Therefore, Option 1 is incorrect.
• The passage states that the astrologer is left in darkness, except for a shaft of green light that touches the ground before him. Therefore, he is not in complete darkness which makes Option 2 untrue.
• Although the stranger does light a cheroot, it is before he sits down, not after he has sat down. Therefore, Option 4 is not accurate.

The correct answer to fill in the blank is option 4, "irrelevant."

 Key Points

• The defendant's lawyer argued that his past offenses were irrelevant to this case.
• This means that the lawyer believed that the past offenses did not have any bearing on the current case and should not be considered by the court.

 Additional Information

• In legal terms, evidence that is not relevant to the case at hand is generally not admissible in court.
• The lawyer may have argued that bringing up the defendant's past offenses would be prejudicial and could unfairly influence the jury's decision.
• It is important for lawyers to carefully consider what evidence they present in court and how it relates to the case they are arguing."

The correct answer is "Inflict".

Key Points

• 'Inflict' means to cause something unpleasant or painful to be suffered by someone. (प्रभाव डालना)
• Example: The hurricane inflicted severe damage to the coastal town.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Additional Information 

• Let’s have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• 'Diminish' means to decrease in size, extent, or range. (घटाना).
• 'Cancel' means to decide or announce that a planned event will not take place. (रद्द करना)
• 'Enhance' means to increase or improve. (बढ़ाना)

The correct answer is "Betray".

Key Points 

• 'Betray' means to be disloyal or treacherous. (धोखा देना) 
• Example- His actions betray his real intentions.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Additional Information 

• Let’s have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• 'Confirm' means to establish the truth or validity of (पुष्टि करना)
• 'Support' means to bear all or part of the weight of (सहारा देना)
• 'Initiate' means to cause or start, translates to (आरंभ करना)

The correct answer is "Unwavering".

Key Points

• 'Unwavering' means not wavering; steady or resolute. (अटल) 
• Example: Her unwavering support for the cause was impressive.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information 

• Let’s have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• 'Questionable' means doubtful in terms of quality or legitimacy. (संदिग्ध)
• 'Superficial' means existing or occurring at or on the surface. (ऊपरी)
• 'Dwindling' means gradually diminishing in size, amount, or strength. (कम होते जाना)

The Correct Answer is Only 1.

Key Points

• On the 22nd of May, the International Day for Biological Diversity is observed annually across the globe.
• This day is observed to generate awareness about the biodiversity issues that are overwhelming the world.
• In the year 2000, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) designated 22nd May as the International Day for Biological Diversity.

Additional Information

• After the United Nations conducted the “Earth Conference” in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the year 1992, special emphasis was given to conserving and protecting the environment.
• Following that conference, on 29th December, Biodiversity Day was observed till the year 2000.
• In 2000, the date of the observance was changed to 22nd May.

The correct answer is Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog, Hita, and Maitri.

In News

• The Indian Air Force conducted a test of BHISHM portable cubes in Agra for airdrops from aircraft.

Key Points

• BHISHM portable cubes are part of "Project BHISHM" - Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog, Hita, and Maitri.
• Designed to treat up to 200 casualties, these cubes emphasize rapid response and comprehensive care during emergencies.
• Equipped with innovative tools and integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data analytics, the Aid Cube enables effective coordination and real-time monitoring of medical services.
• Comprising 72 easily transportable components, the cubes can be carried by hand, cycle, or drone, providing unmatched flexibility.
• With the ability to deploy within 12 minutes and being robust, waterproof, and light, the BHISHM portable cubes are suitable for diverse emergency scenarios.

The correct answer is Option 2.

In News

• Indian Express: The admission process is yet to take off, wait for school gets longer for EWS students and disadvantaged groups.

Key Points103rd Constitutional Amendment Act:

• The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act got the assent of the President of India on 12th January 2019.
• By this amendment, the lawmakers have inserted articles 15 (6) and 16 (6) in the Indian constitution.
• These newly added articles provide for up to 10% reservation to economically weaker sections of the society for getting admission in higher educational institutions and initial appointment in government jobs. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• Criteria for Reservation:
• EWS reservation is only for General Category citizens. People in other categories are already excluded from it. It includes OBC (27%), SC (15%), ST (7.5%).
• A family of General Category, having annual income less than Rs. 8 Lakh comes under the category for EWS reservation
• To fall under the EWS category one should not own agricultural land of size 5 acre or more.
• To come under EWS reservation, a family should not be in possession of a residential flat whose area is 1000 sq. Feet or higher.
• To fall under the EWS category, a family should not own a residential plot of 900 sq feet in notified municipalities or a residential plot of area 1800 sq feet in areas which do not come under notified municipalities.

Additional Information

• The 101st Amendment Act of 2016: Introduction of GST Council
• 102nd Amendment Act  of 2018: Constitutional recognition to NCBC
• 104th Amendment Act of 2020: Ceased the reservation for Anglo Indians in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key PointsLance Naik Manju

• She is a Lance Naik in the Indian Army and created history by becoming the first woman soldier skydiver. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• She jumped off the ALH Dhruv chopper (Advanced Light Helicopter) from a height of 10,000 feet.
• Lance Naik Manju is from the Corps of Military Police.
• She was trained by the skydiving training team of the Indian Army’s Adventure Wing.

Additional Information

Shital Mahajan-Rane

• Indian extreme sportsperson holds six World and 18 National records in skydiving. She is the first woman to perform a parachute jump without training over the North Pole and Antarctica, and the youngest to jump over both poles without trials.

Anamika Sharma

• She was just 11 when she first jumped from a height of 10,000 feet. She has accomplished the feat of having 42 jumps to her name. She has executed them using 10 different types of parachutes and six different aircraft.

Shweta Parmar

• She is the first woman skydiver in Gujarat, to make a daring descent from 13,000 feet in Thailand, unfurling a 'Jai Shri Ram' flag to mark the grand Ram temple consecration ceremony.

The correct answer is Kilogram.

Key PointsAll physical quantities are of two types:

• Fundamental/Basic quantities
• Derived Quantities

There are 7 fundamental quantities/units:

• Length: Meter (m) - The measure of the distance between two points.
• Mass: Kilogram (kg) - The measure of an object's resistance to acceleration.
• Time: Second (s) - The measure of the duration of an event.
• Electric current: Ampere (A) - The measure of the flow of electric charge.
• Thermodynamic temperature: Kelvin (K) - The measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a system.
• Amount of substance: Mole (mol) - The measure of the number of elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions) in a sample.
• Luminous intensity: Candela (cd) - The measure of the luminous flux emitted by a source in a particular direction.

Therefore, the kilogram is considered a fundamental unit, while the watt, newton, and pascal are classified as derived units.

The correct answer is Yunhai-3 (02)

In News

• China launched the satellite Yunhai-3 02 for environmental monitoring from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Shanxi Province.

Key Points

• The launch was conducted using a Long March-6 rocket on March 27, 2024, at 6:51 a.m. Beijing Time.
• The satellite's main tasks include atmospheric and marine environment detection, space environment monitoring, disaster prevention and reduction, and scientific experiments.
• This launch signifies the 514th flight mission of the Long March carrier rocket series.

The correct answer is Option 3.

In News

• News: Venezuela has likely become the first country in modern history to lose all its glaciers.

Key Points

• Location: Situated in Venezuela at an altitude of over 4,900 meters (16,076 feet) above sea level.
• Climate: The glacier lies in a region characterized by a tropical alpine climate, with conditions that have historically supported glacial formations. However, this region is experiencing rapid climatic changes, contributing to the glacier's retreat.
• Glacial Retreat and Environmental Impact:
• Retreat: Over recent decades, the Humboldt Glacier has been rapidly retreating. This trend is attributed to rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns due to global climate change.
• Size: From covering an area of approximately 0.19 square kilometers in the mid-20th century, the glacier has diminished significantly in size, with current estimates suggesting it might vanish completely within a few years.
• Impact: The retreat of the Humboldt Glacier serves as a stark indicator of the impacts of climate change. Its disappearance will affect local hydrology, reducing water supply for downstream ecosystems and communities that rely on glacial meltwater.

Iron: the primary component of the Earth's core.

Key Points

• Iron:
• The Earth's core is primarily composed of iron, making up about 85% of its weight.
• Iron's abundance and dense nature contribute to the core's high density, which is detected through seismic studies.
• Iron, being a heavy element, sank to the center of the Earth during the planet's early molten phase, forming the core.

Additional Information

• Magnesium:
• Magnesium is found in the Earth's mantle, not its core, and plays a significant role in the composition of many silicate minerals.
• Silicon:
• Silicon is a major component of the Earth's crust and mantle, particularly in the form of silicates, but not the core.
• Oxygen:
• Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust and is a part of the Earth's mantle composition, but it is not a primary component of the core.

The correct answer is Tennis.

Key Points

• Double fault means hitting a fault on the second service.
• Tennis or Lawn tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually or between two teams of two teams of two-player each.
• International Tennis Federation: 
• It was founded on 1st March 1913.
• ​It is a governing body of world tennis.
• Headquarters are located in London, United Kingdom.
• David Haggerty is the current president of ITF.
• Grand Slam Tournament
• Australia Open
• French Open
• Wimbledon
• US Open

Additional Information

List of Sports Terms:

The correct answer is INS Delhi, INS Shakti, INS Kiltan

In News

• INS Delhi, INS Shakti, and INS Kiltan were the Indian Naval Ships that visited Manila, Philippines as part of the operational deployment of the Indian Navy's Eastern Fleet to the South China Sea.

Key Points

• The visit to Manila was part of the Indian Navy's Eastern Fleet's operational deployment to the South China Sea.
• It demonstrated India's strong defense and diplomatic ties with the Philippines and aimed at further deepening the partnership.
• Activities During the Visit:
• Subject Matter Expert Exchange (SMEE): Engaged in professional exchanges between the Indian Navy and the Philippine Navy.
• Sporting Events and Cultural Exchanges: Included sports fixtures, cross deck visits, and cultural interactions to strengthen camaraderie and mutual understanding.
• High-Level Interactions:
• Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet (FOCEF): R Adm Rajesh Dhankhar interacted with senior officials of the Philippine Navy, including R Adm Renato David and V Adm Rolando Lizor Punzalan Jr.
• Strategic Discussions: Held discussions with Vice Adm Toribio Dulinayan Adaci JT on mutual interests, security, and avenues for enhanced cooperation.

The correct answer is 'Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)'.

Key Points

• The administrative structures and governance ideas imposed by the Mughals outlasted their rule.
• This statement is true.
• The Mughals established various administrative frameworks and governance principles that continued to influence the region even after their rule ended.
• These structures included centralized administration, revenue systems, and legal institutions that provided a foundation for subsequent rulers.
• Modern Indian leaders continue traditions such as addressing the nation from the Red Fort on Independence Day.
• This statement is also true.
• The Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the Red Fort in Delhi on Independence Day, a tradition that symbolizes the continuity of historical significance and national unity.
• While both statements (A) and (R) are true, Statement (R) is not the correct explanation of Statement (A).

The correct answer is Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur

Key Points

• Shashi Tharoor has been bestowed with the prestigious ‘Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur’ (Knight of the Legion of Honour), France’s highest civilian honour.
• This accolade celebrates Tharoor’s lifelong dedication to fostering global understanding and his significant service to India and the world at large.

Additional Information

• Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur:
• It was earlier called Royal Order of the Legion of Honour.
• It is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil.
• It was establieshed in 1802 by Napoleon Bonaparte.

The Correct Answer is Divya Deshmukh.

In News

• Divya Deshmukh wins Sharjah Challengers 2024.

Key Points

• Four players finished the Sharjah Masters atop the standings with 6½ points.
• IM Divya Deshmukh drew against IM Leya Garifullina to win the Sharjah Challengers 2024.
• Bardiya Daneshvar, aged 17, claimed tournament victory at the Sharjah Masters 2024
• Safin, Vivaan Rana, and Jayaraj Gowrishankar are 3 more Indians to make a top-10 finish in the Futures.
• Masters - US$12000, Challengers -$2000.

The correct answer is Option 4.

In News

• News: The Army is also set to receive the first of two Israeli Hermes-900 Medium Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) assembled by ADSTL in Hyderabad

Key PointsHermes-900: 

• A Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Hence, option 4 is correct.
• Manufacturer and Development: The Hermes-900 is developed and manufactured by Elbit Systems, a defense company based in Israel. It represents an advanced version of the earlier Hermes-450 UAV.
• Role and Capabilities:
• Primarily designed for tactical missions that require medium altitude long-endurance (MALE) capabilities.
• Suited for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance (ISTAR) operations.
• Capable of performing additional roles such as communications relay, signal intelligence (SIGINT), and electronic warfare.
• Design and Features:
• Wingspan: Approximately 15 meters, which supports its long-endurance capabilities.
• Takeoff Weight: Around 1,180 kilograms, allowing it to carry multiple payloads.
• Payload Capacity: Can carry up to 350 kg of multi-sensor payloads.
• Flight Endurance: Capable of missions lasting up to 36 hours, providing extensive operational coverage.
• Operational Ceiling: Can operate at altitudes up to 30,000 feet, enabling high-altitude surveillance with reduced risk from ground-based defenses.
• Range: Operates effectively over long distances, with a range of approximately 1,000 kilometers.

The Correct Answer is Air-to-surface.

In News

• DRDO Successfully Tests RudraM-II Missile.

Key Points

• The Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully flight-tested the RudraM-II air-to-surface missile.
• The missile was fired from a Su-30 MK-I aircraft of the Indian Air Force (IAF) off the coast of Odisha.
• The missile test met all trial objectives, confirming the effectiveness of the propulsion system and control and guidance algorithm.
• The missile’s performance was validated through data captured by various range tracking instruments, including electro-optical systems, radar, and telemetry stations set up by the Integrated Test Range in Chandipur and on an on-board ship.
• RudraM-II is a solid-propelled air-launched missile designed for air-to-surface operations, capable of neutralizing various enemy assets.

The correct answer is Gujarat

In News

• The Geographical Indication (GI) certification has been granted to the traditional artisans of 'Kutch Ajrakh,' originating from the vibrant region of Kutch in Gujarat, by the Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs, and Trademarks (CGPDTM).

Key Points

• This recognition highlights the exceptional artistry and cultural significance of the age-old craft practiced by artisans in the region, marking a significant stride towards preserving India's rich textile heritage.
• The GI tag serves as a mark of authenticity and origin, providing legal protection to products, services, or arts originating from specific geographical regions.
• For the artisans of Kutch Ajrakh, this certification validates their craftsmanship and safeguards their traditional knowledge and techniques from exploitation or misappropriation.
• Ajrakh, a time-honored textile craft deeply rooted in the cultural tapestry of Gujarat, particularly in the regions of Sindh, Barmer, and Kutch, involves a meticulous process of hand-block printing on treated cotton cloth, resulting in intricate designs infused with rich symbolism and history.
• The villages of Dhamadka and Ajrakhpur are renowned for their contributions to the Ajrakh-making process, reflecting the artisans' mastery and dedication to their craft.

The correct answer is Subarnarekha River. 

Key Points

• Simlipal National Park:
• It  was established in 1980.
• It is located in the state of in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha.
• It is also a Tiger Reserve.
• Subarnarekha River passes through the Simlipal National Park.
• It  is also part of Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve which includes Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary, Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, and Similipal Tiger Reserve.
• In 1979, the Simlipal was declared as a wildlife sanctuary by the Government of Odisha.
• In 1994, the Government of India declared Simlipal as a biosphere reserve.
• In 2009, UNESCO added this national park in its list of biosphere reserves.
• Barehpani waterfall is located in this national park
• It is India's 2nd highest and orissa's highest waterfall.

Additional Information

• Subarnarekha River:​
• The Subarnarekha originates from the Ranchi Plateau in Jharkhand forming the boundary between West Bengal and Odisha in its lower course.
• It joins the Bay of Bengal forming an estuary between the Ganga and Mahanadi deltas.

The correct answer is  4 (i)-C, (ii)-A, (iii)-B.

Key PointsMilitary Exercises and Their Focus

• Shakti - Land-based tactics
• Shakti is a bilateral military exercise between the armies of India and France.
• The focus of this exercise is on counter-terrorism operations in semi-urban terrain.
• It involves the planning and execution of tactical operations, including joint drills and exchanges of expertise.
• Varuna - Naval operations
• Varuna is a bilateral maritime exercise between the navies of India and France.
• The primary focus of Varuna is to enhance interoperability, improve mutual understanding, and strengthen maritime security cooperation.
• It includes exercises in various aspects of naval operations such as anti-submarine warfare, air defence, and surface warfare.
• Garuda - Air force manoeuvres
• Garuda is a bilateral air exercise between the air forces of India and France.
• This exercise aims to enhance operational cooperation and improve the capabilities of both air forces in various aspects of air warfare.
• It includes air-to-air combat, air-to-ground attack, and other aerial manoeuvres.

Key Points

• Food preservatives are substances that are added to food products to inhibit or prevent spoilage, extend their shelf life, and maintain their quality and safety.
• Their main purpose is to slow down the growth of microbes that may cause spoilage or food-borne illnesses.
• The use of food preservatives depends on the type of food they are used on.

Sodium benzoate - 

• Sodium benzoate is a commonly used food preservative.
• It is a salt of benzoic acid and is effective in inhibiting the growth of yeast, bacteria, and molds.
• It is often used in acidic foods, such as carbonated drinks, fruit juices, pickles, and salad dressings.

Sodium metabisulphate - 

• It is a food preservative that is primarily used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
• It helps prevent the spoilage of food by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
• It is commonly used in foods like wine, dried fruits, and processed meat products.

Sodium chloride - 

• Sodium chloride is commonly known as table salt.
• It is traditionally used as a food preservative as it helps to inhibit the growth of microbes in certain types of food, such as cured meats, pickles, and fermented foods.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

Sodium hydroxide - 

• It is also known as caustic soda, and is not used as a food preservative.
• It is a strong alkaline compound and is primarily used in food processing industries for the purpose of cleaning and sanitation.

The correct answer is Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidin.

 

Key Points

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy was one of the prominent cultural reformers of India during the British period.
• He was also known as the founder of the Indian Renaissance.
• Apart from assuring the far-reaching cultural transformation in the community, Raja Ram Mohan Roy was also a notable professor who had volubility in several languages.
• He had composed his first book in the Persian language with the name of Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidin .

The correct answer is Switzerland.

Key Points

• The headquarters of the International Olympic Committee is in Lausanne, Switzerland.
• The IOC headquarters have been in Lausanne, on the shores of Lake Geneva, since 1915.
• It was Pierre de Coubertin who chose this city.

Additional Information

• International Olympic Committee
• ​The International Olympic Committee is the guardian of the Olympic Games and the leader of the Olympic Movement.
• It is committed to promoting sports in society, strengthening the integrity of sports and supporting clean athletes and other sports organisations.
• The IOC organizes the modern Olympic Games and Youth Olympic Games (YOG), held in summer and winter, every four years.
• The current president of the IOC is Thomas Bach.​
• The three values of Olympism are excellence, friendship and respect.
• They constitute the foundation on which the Olympic Movement builds its activities to promote sport, culture and education with a view to building a better world.

The correct answer is ZiG. 

In News

• Zimbabwe's new gold-backed currency, Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG), started trading to address high inflation concerns.

Key Points

• It was launched with an initial exchange rate of 13.56 ZiG to $1, replacing the Real Time Gross Settlement Dollar (RTGS).
• The RTGS had experienced significant devaluation, losing about 80% of its value before the currency change.
• Bank balances were transitioned into ZiG over the weekend, with customers given a 21-day period to complete the process.
• New ZiG banknotes are set to enter circulation by the end of the month, as per the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe's statement.
• The RTGS, also known as the Zimdollar, was introduced in 2019 following a decade of dollarization.
• Despite efforts to stabilize the currency, annual inflation exceeded 55% in March, raising concerns of hyperinflation reminiscent of the 2007-2009 era.

Additional Information

• Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in southern Africa known for its dramatic landscape and diverse wildlife, much of it within parks, reserves and safari areas.
• On the Zambezi River, Victoria Falls make a thundering 108m drop into narrow Batoka Gorge, where there’s white-water rafting and bungee-jumping.
• Downstream are Matusadona and Mana Pools national parks, home to hippos, rhinos and birdlife.
• Capital: Harare
• Official languages: Shona, Tshwa, English, Xhosa, etc.
• Population: 1.63 crores (2022).

The correct answer is 1 and 2.**

Key PointsStatements Analysis

• Statement 1: It marks the fifth edition of the exercise.
• The Dharma Guardian exercise has been conducted annually, and the 2024 edition indeed marks its fifth iteration.
• This exercise aims to strengthen military cooperation between India and Japan.
• Given the consistency in its annual occurrence, 2024 being the fifth edition aligns with the historical timeline. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Statement 2: 40 personnel from each country are participating.
• Such exercises typically involve a specific number of personnel from each participating nation to ensure effective training and coordination.
• For the 2024 edition, it has been confirmed that 40 personnel from each country (India and Japan) are taking part. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Statement 3: The exercise duration is from February 25 to March 5, 2024.
• While military exercises often have predefined schedules, the dates provided in this statement do not align with the official schedule for the 2024 edition of Dharma Guardian.
• The correct dates for the exercise might differ, indicating that this statement is not accurate. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Additional Information

• Dharma Guardian Exercise:
• Objective: Enhances military cooperation and interoperability between the Indian Army and the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF).
• Location: The exercise is held alternately in India and Japan to foster mutual understanding and regional security.
• Participants: Typically involves infantry units focusing on tactical operations, counter-terrorism, and disaster response.
• India-Japan Defense Relations:
• Strategic Partnership: Both nations share a special strategic and global partnership, focusing on regional security, maritime cooperation, and defense technology sharing.
• Joint Exercises: Besides Dharma Guardian, India and Japan also participate in other joint exercises like JIMEX (naval exercise) and SHINYUU Maitri (air exercise).
• Defense Agreements: Various agreements, including the Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA), enhance logistical support and cooperation between the two armed forces.
• Significance of Military Exercises:
• Operational Readiness: Joint exercises enhance the operational readiness and tactical skills of participating troops.
• Interoperability: Such exercises ensure that forces from different nations can work together seamlessly in joint operations.
• Strengthening Alliances: Regular military interactions bolster diplomatic and defense ties, contributing to regional and global stability.

The correct answer is ​Project Vijayak

In News

• The Border Roads Organisation's (BRO) Project Vijayak in Kargil, Ladakh, has successfully utilized the indigenous REJUPAVE road construction technology.

Key Points

• Developed by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Road Research Institute (CSIR-CRRI), REJUPAVE is an innovative asphalt modifier derived from biomass and renewable resources.
• REJUPAVE lowers heating requirements for bituminous mixes and maintains their temperature during transit, making it suitable for constructing high-altitude bituminous roads in low and sub-zero temperatures.
• This technology has previously been used by BRO in projects such as the world's highest Sela road tunnel and the LDY road section near the China border in Arunachal Pradesh.
• M/s Verma Industries, the technology partner of CSIR CRRI, supplied REJUPAVE to Project Vijayak BRO for the trial on the Drass-Umbala-Sankoo Road.
• The inventor of REJUPAVE, Satish Pandey, highlighted its benefits, including facilitating road construction in cold temperatures, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and improving road durability and resistance to Low Temperature Cracking.
• Lt Col Divyankit Nainwal, Officer Commanding 55 RCC of Project Vijayak, explained that REJUPAVE reduces production and rolling temperatures of bituminous mixes by 30-40 degrees Celsius, with minimal heat loss during transit.
• This technology extends the operational window for agencies like BRO, PWD, and NHDICL, enabling them to construct robust road networks more rapidly in challenging conditions like those in Drass, Ladakh.

The correct answer is Option 3.

In News

• News: The Army is all set to begin receiving another set of Russian Igla-S very short range air defence systems (VSHORAD) by the end of May or early next month.

Key PointsIgla-S:

• Type and Purpose: Igla-S, also known as SA-24 Grinch, is a man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS) designed for engaging aircraft, helicopters, and other aerial targets within visual range.
• Development and Manufacturer: Developed by Russia, the system is an advanced version of the earlier Igla (SA-18) series, produced by the KB Mashinostroyeniya in Russia. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• Operational Features:
• Equipped with an infrared homing seeker to engage targets by heat signature.
• Features enhanced electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) capabilities to resist flares and other decoys.
• Capable of operating in various weather conditions, both day and night.
• Specifications:
• Range: Typically effective within a range of 6 kilometers.
• Altitude Coverage: Can engage targets flying at altitudes up to 3.5 kilometers.
• Missile Speed: Supersonic, increasing the likelihood of hitting fast-moving targets.
• Guidance and Warhead:
• Utilizes a solid-propellant rocket motor.
• The missile is guided through a proportional navigation system that calculates the interception course.
• Warhead is a high explosive type with impact and proximity fusing to maximize effectiveness against small targets.
• Portability and Use:
• Highly portable, with the launcher and missile designed to be carried and operated by a single individual.
• Quick deployment time, which is critical for reacting to fast-moving air threats..

Given:

Quantity of rice 1 = 10 kg

Price of rice 1 = ₹62/kg

Quantity of rice 2 = 14 kg

Price of rice 2 = ₹50/kg

Formula used:

Average price per kg = (Quantity 1 × Price 1 + Quantity 2 × Price 2) / (Quantity 1 + Quantity 2)

Calculation:

Average price per kg = (10 × 62 + 14 × 50) / (10 + 14)

⇒ Average price per kg = (620 + 700) / 24

⇒ Average price per kg = 1320 / 24

⇒ Average price per kg = ₹55/kg

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Given:

Pipe A can fill the cistern in 16 hours

Pipe B can fill the cistern in 12 hours

Pipe C can drain the cistern in 20 hours

Calculation:-

 

 

 

 

Let total work be 240 units (LCM of 16, 12, and 20).

Capacity of Pipe A = 240 / 16 = 15 units/hour

Capacity of Pipe B = 240 / 12 = 20 units/hour

Capacity of Pipe C = 240 / 20 = 12 units/hour (since it empties, it's -12)

Net capacity when all three pipes are open = 15 + 20 - 12 = 23 units/hour

Time to fill the tank = 240 / 23 ≈ $10\frac{10}{23}$ hours

Final Answer: $10\frac{10}{23}$hours

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹13,475

Rate (r) = 7.5% per annum

Time (t) = 2 years

Formula used:

Compound Interest (CI) = A - P

Amount (A) = P × (1 + r/100)^t

Calculation:

A = 13,475 × (1 + 7.5/100)²

⇒ A = 13,475 × (1 + 0.075)²

⇒ A = 13,475 × (1.075)²

⇒ A = 13,475 × 1.155625

⇒ A = ₹15,572 (rounded to nearest rupee)

CI = A - P

⇒ CI = 15,572 - 13,475

⇒ CI = ₹2,097

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Given:

Number of tables = 108

Number of chairs = 132

1/6 of the tables are broken

1/4 of the chairs are broken

Formula used:

Working tables = Total tables × (1 - Fraction broken)

Working chairs = Total chairs × (1 - Fraction broken)

Number of people who can work = Minimum of(Working tables, Working chairs)

Calculation:

Working tables = 108 × (1 - 1/6)

⇒ Working tables = 108 × 5/6 = 90

Working chairs = 132 × (1 - 1/4)

⇒ Working chairs = 132 × 3/4 = 99

Number of people who can work = Minimum of(90, 99)

⇒ Number of people who can work = 90

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Given:

Distance (d) = 48 km

Time difference = 4 hours

Increased speed = Normal speed + 2 km/hr

Formula used:

Time = Distance / Speed

Calculation:

Let the normal speed be x km/hr.

Time taken at normal speed = 48 / x

Time taken at increased speed = 48 / (x + 2)

Time difference: (48 / x) - (48 / (x + 2)) = 4

⇒ (48 / x) - (48 / (x + 2)) = 4

⇒ 48(x + 2) - 48x = 4x(x + 2)

⇒ 48x + 96 - 48x = 4x² + 8x

⇒ 4x² + 8x - 96 = 0

⇒ x² + 2x - 24 = 0

Factoring the quadratic equation:

⇒ (x + 6)(x - 4) = 0

⇒ x = -6 or x = 4

Since speed cannot be negative, x = 4 km/hr.

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Given:

A bag contains 6 white balls and 4 black balls.

2 balls are drawn at random.

Formula used:

Probability = (Favorable outcomes) / (Total outcomes)

Using combinations, Total outcomes = nCr = n! / [r!(n - r)!]

Calculation:

Total number of balls = 10

⇒ The probability that both balls are white $= \frac{{{6_{{C_2}}}}}{{{{10}_{{C_2}}}}} = \frac{{15}}{{45}} = \frac{1}{3}$ 

⇒ The probability that both balls are black $= \frac{{{4_{{C_2}}}}}{{{{10}_{{C_2}}}}} = \frac{6}{{45}} = \frac{2}{{15}}$

∴ Probability that both balls are of same colour = 1/3 + 2/15 = (5 + 2)/15 = 7/15

∴ The probability that the two balls drawn are the same color is 7/15.

Given:

Father's age = 9 × Son's age

Mother's age = 8 × Son's age

Father's age + Mother's age = 68 years

Calculations:

Let Son's age = x

Father's age = 9x

Mother's age = 8x

Father's age + Mother's age = 68

9x + 8x = 68

⇒ 17x = 68

⇒ x = 68 ÷ 17

⇒ x = 4 years

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Calculation:

Distance between station A and B is = 110 km

Speed of first train = 20 km/hr

Speed of second train = 25 km/hr

Relative speed both train if they running opposite direction = (20 + 25) = 45 km/hr

Distance covered by first train in 1 hr = 20 km

Remaining distance = 110 - 20 = 90 km

Time = Distance/speed

Time = 90/45 = 2 hr

∴ Required time = 8 am + 2 hr = 10 am

Given:

Seller sold 40% of the oranges and has 420 oranges remaining.

Formula used:

Remaining oranges = 100% - 40% = 60% of total oranges

Let the total number of oranges be: x

Calculation:

60% of x = 420

⇒ (60 ÷ 100) × x = 420

⇒ (3 ÷ 5) × x = 420

⇒ x = 420 × (5 ÷ 3)

⇒ x = 700

∴ He originally had 700 oranges.

Shortcut Trick

Total Work = LCM of given days (5, 10, 2) = 10 units.

Combined efficiency of all three = 10 ÷ 2 = 5 units/day.

Efficiency of Abhishek = 10 ÷ 5 = 2 units/day | Efficiency of Deepanshi = 10 ÷ 10 = 1 unit/day.

Efficiency of Chitransh = Total Efficiency − (Abhishek + Deepanshi) = 5 − 3 = 2 units/day.

Chitransh's Wage = (Chitransh's Efficiency ÷ Total Efficiency) × Total Amount = (2 ÷ 5) × 1000 = ₹400.

∴ The correct answer is ₹400.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by Abhishek = 5 days

Time taken by Deepanshi = 10 days

Time taken by Abhishek, Deepanshi, and Chitransh together = 2 days

Total payment for the work = ₹1000

Formula Used:

When multiple people work together for the same number of days, the total wage is distributed strictly in the ratio of their efficiencies.

Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time taken

Calculation:

⇒ Let total work be the LCM of 5, 10, and 2.

⇒ Efficiency of Chitransh = Total Efficiency − (Efficiency of Abhishek + Efficiency of Deepanshi)

⇒ Efficiency of Chitransh = 5 − (2 + 1) = 2 units/day

⇒ Ratio of efficiencies (Abhishek : Deepanshi : Chitransh) = 2 : 1 : 2

⇒ Total ratio parts = 2 + 1 + 2 = 5 parts

⇒ Value of 5 parts = ₹1000

⇒ Value of 1 part = 1000 ÷ 5 = ₹200

⇒ Chitransh's payment (2 parts) = 2 × 200 = ₹400

∴ The correct answer is ₹400.

Additional Information

Work and Wages Principle

When individuals work together for the entire duration of a task, the total wage is distributed exactly in proportion to their individual efficiencies (work completed per day).

Wages for Unequal Working Days

If workers join or leave in between, working for different numbers of days, the wage share is strictly based on the total work done by each person: Share = (Efficiency × Days Worked) ÷ Total Work.

Application in Pipes & Cisterns

The exact same LCM logic applies to pipes filling or emptying a tank. An emptying pipe (leak) simply functions with a negative efficiency while filling pipes have positive efficiency.

Shortcut Trick

Successive percentage changes can be calculated by multiplying their respective scaling factors.

Multiplying factor = (1 − 0.35) × (1 − 0.10) × (1 − 0.30) × (1 + 0.65)

Multiplying factor = 0.65 × 0.90 × 0.70 × 1.65 = 0.675675

Net percentage change = (0.675675 − 1) × 100 = −32.4325% ≈ −32.43%

∴ The correct answer is Decreases by 32.43%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Price decreases in the first three months: 35%, 10% and 30%.

Price increases in the fourth month: 65%.

Formula Used:

Final Value = Initial Value × (1 ± R₁/100) × (1 ± R₂/100) × ...

100 65 58.5 40.95 67.57

−35% −10% −30% +65%

Net Decrease = 32.43%

Calculations:

⇒ Let the initial price of the fuel be 100 units.

⇒ Price after 1st month = 100 − (35% of 100) = 65

⇒ Price after 2nd month = 65 − (10% of 65) = 65 − 6.5 = 58.5

⇒ Price after 3rd month = 58.5 − (30% of 58.5) = 58.5 − 17.55 = 40.95

⇒ Price after 4th month = 40.95 + (65% of 40.95) = 40.95 + 26.6175 = 67.5675

⇒ Overall change = Final Price − Initial Price = 67.5675 − 100 = −32.4325

⇒ The negative sign indicates an overall decrease.

⇒ Percentage decrease = 32.4325% ≈ 32.43%

∴ The correct answer is Decreases by 32.43%.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change Formula

For two successive changes of A% and B%, the net percentage change is given by: A + B + (A × B) / 100. This formula can be chained sequentially for multiple changes.

Fraction Equivalents

Converting percentages to fractions speeds up calculations. For instance, a decrease of 35% means the new value is simply 13/20 of the prior value.

Base Independence

In problems strictly dealing with percentage scaling, the final percentage change remains completely independent of the starting value. Assuming an initial value of 100 prevents unnecessary fraction handling.

Shortcut Trick

Total distance to cross = 150 + 350 = 500 m = 0.5 km.

Relative speed in same direction = 120 − 60 = 60 km/h.

Time required to cross = Distance ÷ Relative speed = 0.5 ÷ 60 hours.

Time in minutes = (0.5 ÷ 60) × 60 = 0.5 minutes.

∴ The correct answer is 0.5 minutes.

Alternate Method

Train 2: 350 m 120 km/h →

Train 1: 150 m 60 km/h →

Total crossing distance = 350 + 150 = 500 m

Given:

Length of first train (L₁) = 150 m

Length of second train (L₂) = 350 m

Speed of first train (S₁) = 60 km/h

Speed of second train (S₂) = 120 km/h

Formula Used:

Relative speed (same direction) = S₂ − S₁

Time taken to cross = (L₁ + L₂) ÷ Relative speed

Calculation:

⇒ Total distance = 150 + 350 = 500 m

⇒ Relative speed = 120 − 60 = 60 km/h

⇒ Convert relative speed to m/s = 60 × (5/18) = 300/18 = 50/3 m/s

⇒ Time taken = Total distance ÷ Relative speed

⇒ Time taken = 500 ÷ (50/3) = (500 × 3) ÷ 50 = 30 seconds

⇒ Convert time to minutes = 30 ÷ 60 = 0.5 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 0.5 minutes.

Additional Information

Relative Speed Concept

When two objects move in the same direction, their relative speed is the difference between their speeds (S₁ − S₂). When they move in opposite directions, their relative speed is the sum of their speeds (S₁ + S₂).

Unit Conversion Trick

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply the speed value by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply the speed value by 18/5.

Crossing an Object with Length

When a train crosses another train, a bridge, or a platform, the total distance to be covered to completely cross the object is always the sum of the lengths of the train and the object it is crossing.

Given:

Akshay's Investment (I_A) = ₹60,000

Rajni's Investment (I_R) = ₹1,50,000

Total time period of business = 1 year = 12 months

Profit sharing ratio (Akshay : Rajni) = 42 : 35

Formula used:

Profit ratio = (Investment × Time) of Person 1 : (Investment × Time) of Person 2

Calculations:

Let Rajni join after 'x' months.

Akshay's investment period (t_A) = 12 months

Rajni's investment period (t_R) = (12 - x) months

The profit sharing ratio is given by:

$\frac{\text{Akshay's Profit}}{\text{Rajni's Profit}} = \frac{I_A \times t_A}{I_R \times t_R}$

⇒ $\frac{42}{35} = \frac{60000 \times 12}{150000 \times (12 - x)}$

Simplify the ratio on the left side:

⇒ $\frac{6}{5} = \frac{60000 \times 12}{150000 \times (12 - x)}$

Simplify the numbers on the right side:

⇒ $\frac{6}{5} = \frac{6 \times 12}{15 \times (12 - x)}$

⇒ $\frac{6}{5} = \frac{72}{15 \times (12 - x)}$

Cross-multiply:

⇒ $6 \times 15 \times (12 - x) = 5 \times 72$

⇒ $90 \times (12 - x) = 360$

⇒ $(12 - x) = \frac{360}{90}$

⇒ $12 - x = 4$

⇒ $x = 12 - 4$

⇒ $x = 8$

Therefore, Rajni joined after 8 months.

Calculation:

Find the LCM of the divisors (5, 3, 18, 20):

LCM(5, 3, 18, 20) = LCM(5, 3, 2×32, 22×5) = 22×32×5 = 4×9×5 = 180.

Formulate the number:

The number N leaves a remainder of 8 when divided by these numbers. So, N = 180k + 8 for some integer k.

Find the smallest 'k' for which N is a multiple of 11:

We need (180k + 8) to be divisible by 11.

180k + 8 ≡ 0 (mod 11)

Since 180 = 11 × 16 + 4, we can write:

4k + 8 ≡ 0 (mod 11)

4k ≡ -8 (mod 11)

4k ≡ 3 (mod 11) (since -8 + 11 = 3)

To find k, we can multiply by the modular inverse of 4 (mod 11). The inverse of 4 is 3 because 4 × 3 = 12 ≡ 1 (mod 11).

3 × 4k ≡ 3 × 3 (mod 11)

12k ≡ 9 (mod 11)

k ≡ 9 (mod 11)

The smallest positive integer value for k is 9.

Calculate N:

Substitute k = 9 into N = 180k + 8:

N = 180(9) + 8 = 1620 + 8 = 1628.

The least multiple is: 1628

Given:

Number = 3a4860115

Formula used:

A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.

Calculation:

Sum of digits = 3 + a + 4 + 8 + 6 + 0 + 1 + 1 + 5

⇒ Sum of digits = 28 + a

For divisibility by 9:

⇒ (28 + a) ÷ 9 = Integer

⇒ 28 + a must be divisible by 9

⇒ 28 mod 9 = 1

⇒ (1 + a) mod 9 = 0

⇒ a = 8

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Given:

Number of students in the class = 82

Average weight of the class = 62.5 kg

Average weight of half of the students (41 students) = 83.6 kg

Formula used:

Total weight of students = Number of students × Average weight

Remaining students' average weight = (Total weight of students - Weight of first half) ÷ Number of remaining students

Calculation:

Total weight of the class = 82 × 62.5

⇒ Total weight = 5125 kg

Weight of first half of students = 41 × 83.6

⇒ Weight of first half = 3427.6 kg

Weight of remaining students = Total weight - Weight of first half

⇒ Weight of remaining students = 5125 - 3427.6

⇒ Weight of remaining students = 1697.4 kg

Average weight of remaining students = Weight of remaining students ÷ Number of remaining students

⇒ Average weight = 1697.4 ÷ 41

⇒ Average weight = 41.4 kg

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Given:

Cost price (C.P) of one pencil = Rs. 5

Selling price (S.P) of one pencil = Rs. 6

Number of pencils bought and sold = 10

Formula Used:

Profit = (Selling price per unit - Cost price per unit) × Number of units

Calculation:

Profit per pencil = Rs. 6 - Rs. 5

Profit per pencil = Rs. 1

Total Profit = Profit per pencil × Number of pencils

⇒ Total Profit = Rs. 1 × 10

⇒ Total Profit = Rs. 10

The correct answer is option 2.

Given:

Principal amount (P) = ₹3000

Rate of interest per year (R) = 5% = 5/100

Time (T) = 4 years

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) / 100

Calculation:

SI = (3000 × 5 × 4) / 100

⇒ SI = 60000 / 100

⇒ SI = 600

The simple interest is ₹600.

Given:

Cost price (C.P) = 100 (Assume for simplicity).

Marked price (M.P) = 50% above cost price = 100 + 50% of 100 = 100 + 50 = 150.

Discount = 25% of Marked Price = 25% of 150 = 0.25 × 150 = 37.5.

Selling price (S.P) = Marked price - Discount = 150 - 37.5 = 112.5.

Formula Used:

Percentage Gain = [(Selling Price - Cost Price) / Cost Price] × 100

Calculation:

Percentage Gain = [(S.P - C.P) / C.P] × 100

⇒ Percentage Gain = [(112.5 - 100) / 100] × 100

⇒ Percentage Gain = [12.5 / 100] × 100

⇒ Percentage Gain = 12.5%

The percentage gain of Gagandeep is 12.5%.

Shortcut Trick Total difference in percentage = Profit % − (−Loss %) = 19% + 11% = 30% Given that 30% of Cost Price = Rs. 454.50 ⇒ 1% of Cost Price = 454.50 ÷ 30 = 15.15 ⇒ 100% of Cost Price = 15.15 × 100 = 1515 ∴ The correct answer is Rs.1515.

Alternate Method Given: Profit = 19% Loss = 11% Difference between Selling Prices = Rs. 454.50

Let the Cost Price (CP) of the item be x. Selling Price at 19% profit (SP1) = x + 19% of x = 1.19x Selling Price at 11% loss (SP2) = x − 11% of x = 0.89x According to the question, the difference in selling prices is Rs. 454.50: ⇒ SP1 − SP2 = 454.50 ⇒ 1.19x − 0.89x = 454.50 ⇒ 0.30x = 454.50 ⇒ x = 454.50 ÷ 0.30 ⇒ x = 1515 ∴ The correct answer is Rs.1515.

Additional Information Cost Price (CP) & Selling Price (SP) CP is the price at which goods are bought. SP is the price at which goods are sold. Profit occurs when SP > CP, and Loss occurs when SP < CP. Effective Change in Profit/Loss When moving from a loss percentage to a profit percentage on the same base, the total change in percentage terms is the sum of both values (Profit % + Loss %). Marked Price & Discount Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). The fundamental relation between CP and MP is: MP × (100 − Discount %) = CP × (100 + Profit %).

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern followed here is :

 

 

Hence, 'AZXV' is odd among the following options.

The answer figure that will complete the pattern in the given question figure is as follows:

  

Hence, the figure in option 3 is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

 

Except SHABNAM, all others are missiles of India.

Hence, ‘BANHSMA’ is the odd one out.

Six persons: P, Q, R, S, T and U

1. P faces the north direction and sits at the left corner of the line.

2. S is sitting fourth right to the P.

3. U is sitting third right to the S.

4. R is sitting left to the U and R faces south direction.

5. Q is sitting between R and S.

Hence**, “T”** is sitting right corner of the line and faces the North direction**.**

Given: Liquid, Water, Juice, Kerosene.

CONCEPT:

Water, juice and kerosene are different types of liquid. Thus they can be placed within liquid.

Juice may contain water. Hence they are connected together.

But kerosene doesn't have any connection with juice and water.

Then the relation between them can be represented as below:

Hence it is the answer.

Symbols used to draw family tree-

Since the girl/speaker is the only daughter of the doctor and doctor's son is the maternal uncle of Ashish.

⇒ This implies The girl/speaker is the sister of doctor's son and Ashish is the son of the speaker/the girl.

Therefore, Ashish's father is the husband of the speaker/the girl.

Drawing family tree as per given information.

Hence, 'Wife' is the correct answer.

The logic is as,

Figure 1: 7 + 8 = 15, 8 + 15 = 23, 15 + 23 = 38 and 23 + 38 = 61.

Figure 2: 11 + 8 = 19, 8 + 19 = 27, 19 + 27 = 46 and 27 + 46 = 73.

Similarly, 

Figure 3: 13 + 4 = 17, 4 + 17 = 21, 17 + 21 = 38 and 21 + 38 = 59. 

Hence, "38" is the correct answer.

The pattern is:

41 # 24 # 18 = 569 → It can be obtained by adding digits of every number i.e,

4 + 1 = 5

2 + 4 = 6

1 + 8 = 9

Similarly,

23 # 32 # 14 = 555

2 + 3 = 5

3 + 2 = 5

1 + 4 = 5

Similarly,

18 # 34 # 54 = ?

1 + 8 = 9

3 + 4 = 7

5 + 4 = 9

Hence, the correct answer is ’979’.

The Correct answer is Option 1. 

Key PointsLet’s analyze the steps the person takes based on the given instructions:

Initial Movement: The person walks 150 meters North.

He is now facing North.

First Turn (Right): He turns right and walks 200 meters.

A right turn from North means the person is now facing East.

135° Turn Clockwise: The person then makes a 135° turn clockwise.

Starting from East, a 135° clockwise turn moves through the following directions:

90° brings him to South.

Another 45° brings him to South-West.

Therefore, after the 135° turn clockwise, the person is walking in the South-West direction.

Hence Correct answer is Option 1.

The logic followed here is:

• Fear of Books is called Bibliphobia.

Similarly,^​

• Fear of time is called Chronophobia.

Hence, the correct answer is "Chronophobia".

Additional Information

The series pattern followed here from first term to last is: 

• 2²+2³ = 12
• 3²+3³ = 36
• 4²+4³ = 80
• 5²+5³ = 150
• 6²+6³ = 252
• 7²+7³ = 392

Hence, " Option 3" is the correct answer.

Statements:

1. Some birds are dolls.

2. All dolls are books.

3. No book is potato.

4. All potatoes are pencils.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

1. Some birds are books → True (because some birds are dolls and all dolls are books so some birds are definitely books)

2. Some books are Pencils → False (It is possible but not definite)

3. All birds are books → False (It is possible but not definite)

4. No doll is potato → True (because all dolls are books and no book is a potato)

Hence, “Conclusion 1 and 4 both follow”.