AFCAT 11th Aug 2024 (Shift 1) Memory Based Paper. (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is: a symptom

Key Points

• Explanation: Among these options, the most accurate description is "a symptom." This implies that child labour is a manifestation of deeper underlying issues such as poverty, lack of education, and social inequality. It is not a standalone problem but a result of these systemic issues.
• Why the other options are incorrect:
• a disease: This option is incorrect because child labour is not a disease. Diseases are medical conditions that impair normal functioning, whereas child labour is a social and economic issue.
• a boon: This option is incorrect because child labour is not beneficial. It has detrimental effects on the physical and mental development of children and deprives them of their childhood and education.
• social responsibility: This option is incorrect because child labour is not a social responsibility. Instead, it is the collective responsibility of society to eliminate child labour and ensure the welfare and rights of children.
• In summary, option 2 accurately describes child labour as a symptom of deeper societal issues. Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect as they misinterpret the nature of child labour and its underlying causes.

The correct answer is: deprived

Key Points

• Explanation: The term 'destitute' refers to a state of being without the basic necessities of life. It implies a condition where an individual is deprived of essential resources such as food, shelter, and money.
• Why the other options are incorrect:
• Approved: This option is incorrect because 'approved' refers to something that has been officially accepted or sanctioned, which is not related to the meaning of 'destitute'.
• Delivered: This option is incorrect because 'delivered' means to bring and hand over something, which does not align with the state of lacking necessities implied by 'destitute'.
• Designed: This option is incorrect because 'designed' refers to the creation or planning of something with a specific purpose, which is unrelated to the meaning of 'destitute'.
• In summary, option 3 accurately captures the meaning of 'destitute' as being deprived of basic necessities, while the other options do not align with this definition.

The correct answer is: Child Labour

Key Points

• Explanation: The theme of the passage focuses on the issue of child labour. It highlights the various aspects and implications of children being engaged in work that deprives them of their childhood, education, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. This aligns with option 2, which states that the theme is Child Labour.
• Why the other options are incorrect:
• Manual Labour: While manual labour is a type of work that could be performed by children, the passage specifically addresses the broader and more significant issue of child labour, not just manual labour alone.
• Social Crime: Although child labour can be considered a social crime, the passage's primary focus is on the phenomenon itself rather than framing it as a social crime.
• Social Responsibility: The passage might touch on the social responsibility to prevent child labour, but this is not the central theme. The central theme is the issue of child labour itself.
• In summary, option 2 best captures the theme of the passage, which is focused on the issue of child labour. Options 1, 3, and 4 either address related but distinct topics or do not accurately reflect the primary focus of the passage.

The correct answer is: poor single-parent families.

Key Points

• Explanation: The incidence of child labour is significantly higher in poor single-parent families. This is because such families often face severe financial constraints, which may force children to work in order to support the family income. The lack of another parent's financial and emotional support can exacerbate the need for children to contribute economically.
• Why the other options are incorrect:
• Joint families: Although joint families may also experience financial difficulties, they typically have multiple adults who can contribute to the family income, reducing the pressure on children to work.
• Nuclear families: While nuclear families might face financial challenges, they usually consist of two parents, which can provide a more stable income compared to single-parent families.
• Single-parent families: While single-parent families can struggle financially, the key distinction here is the addition of "poor," which highlights the economic distress that significantly increases the likelihood of child labour.
• In summary, option 4 is the most accurate because it emphasizes the critical factor of poverty in single-parent families, which greatly increases the incidence of child labour. Options 1, 2, and 3 do not capture the economic hardship that is a major contributing factor to child labour in the context of single-parent households.

The segment that contains a grammatical error is: Option 3: few next days.

Key Points

• The correct phrase should be "the next few days" instead of "the few next days." The word order is important for the phrase to make sense.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct Sentence: "Please go and meet the chairperson. She will be away for the next few days."

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the incorrect verb form "does not" used with the subject "He and his friends".
• For plural subjects, "do not" should be used instead of "does not".
• The correct phrase should be "He and his friends do not want to attend the meeting," ensuring grammatical correctness and clarity.
• Thus, the error is located in part 1 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct Sentence: "He and his friends do not want to attend the meeting."

Additional Information

• "He and his friends" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• "want to" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• "attend the meeting" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The sentence begins in the past tense ("While I was walking"), so the rest of the sentence should also be consistent in tense.
• The phrase "my friend calls me" should be in the past tense to match the first part of the sentence. It should be "my friend called me."
• Additionally, the verb "ask" should be in the past tense. It should be "asked."
• Thus, the correct phrase is "my friend called me and asked."

Therefore, the correct answer is 2.

Correct Sentence: "While I was walking to the store, my friend called me and asked for a favour."

Additional Information

• 1: "While I was walking" – This part is grammatically correct and does not contain any errors.
• 3: "to the store" – This part is grammatically correct and does not contain any errors.
• 4: "for a favour" – This part is grammatically correct and does not contain any errors.
• 2: "my friend calls me and ask" – The error here is the incorrect use of present tense verbs "calls" and "ask" instead of the past tense "called" and "asked."

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the incorrect use of the preposition "at" after the verb "specialises".
• The correct preposition to be used with "specialises" is "in".
• The correct phrase should be "The company specialises in" to ensure grammatical correctness and clarity.
• Thus, the error is located in part 3 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct Sentence: "The company specialises in designing, crafting and manufacturing exquisite, high-quality furniture of exceptional craftsmanship."

Additional Information

• "designing, crafting and manufacturing" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• "exquisite, high-quality furniture" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• "of exceptional craftsmanship" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is: Neutral.

Key Points

• The word "Impartial" means not biased or partial; treating all rivals or disputants equally. (निष्पक्ष)
• Example: A good judge must remain impartial when deciding a case.
• "Neutral" refers to not taking sides in a dispute or war; remaining unbiased or detached. (तटस्थ)
• Example: Switzerland is known for being neutral during global conflicts.
• Hence, the word 'Neutral' is the most appropriate synonym for 'Impartial'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Neutral.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Impressionable (प्रभावित होने योग्य): Easily influenced or susceptible.
• Example: Children are highly impressionable and learn a lot from their surroundings.
• Nocturnal (रात्रिचर): Active during the night.
• Example: Owls are nocturnal birds that hunt for food during the night.
• Tactile (स्पर्श संबंधी): Related to the sense of touch.
• Example: The tactile sensation of the fabric is very smooth and soft.

The correct answer is: Replenishment.

Key Points

• The word "Exhaustion" refers to a state of extreme tiredness or depletion, typically due to physical or mental effort. (थकावट)
• Example: After working continuously for 12 hours, he felt utter exhaustion.
• "Replenishment" means the act of refilling or restoring something that has been depleted, such as energy or resources. (पुनःपूर्ति)
• Example: Drinking water during a workout helps in the replenishment of lost fluids.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Exhaustion' is 'Replenishment'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Replenishment.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Discouragement (निरुत्साह): The act of making someone feel less confident or motivated.
• Example: Constant criticism can lead to discouragement in a child's learning process.
• Acknowledgement (स्वीकारोक्ति): Recognition or acceptance of something.
• Example: She received an award as an acknowledgment of her efforts.
• Establishment (स्थापना): The act of creating or founding something.
• Example: The establishment of the company dates back to 1995.

The correct answer is: Option 4 (Jealousy).

Key Points

• The word "Envy" means a feeling of discontent or resentment caused by someone else's possessions, qualities, or achievements. (ईर्ष्या)
• Example: She felt envy when she saw her friend's luxurious new car.
• "Jealousy" refers to the state or feeling of being envious of someone or their achievements, qualities, or possessions. (जलन)
• Example: His jealousy was evident when he saw his colleague getting promoted.
• Since "Jealousy" accurately represents the meaning of "Envy," it is the correct synonym.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4 (Jealousy).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Benevolence (दया): The quality of being kind, charitable, and well-meaning.
• Example: His benevolence was evident in the way he helped the poor.
• Abjure (त्यागना): To formally renounce or give up something.
• Example: She abjured her belief in superstitions after learning science.
• Benign (सौम्य): Gentle, kind, and not harmful.
• Example: The benign climate of the valley attracted tourists.

The correct answer is: Option 2 (Comical).

Key Points

• The word "Hilarious" means something extremely funny or amusing that causes laughter. (अत्यंत मजेदार)
• Example: The comedian's performance was so hilarious that the audience couldn't stop laughing.
• "Comical" means funny or amusing in a way that makes people laugh. (हास्यास्पद)
• Example: The clumsy antics of the clown were comical and brought smiles to everyone's faces.
• Hence, the word "Hilarious" is closest in meaning to "Comical."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 (Comical).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Truthful (सत्यवादी): Being honest and telling the truth.
• Example: She is a truthful person who always speaks what is right.
• Extraordinary (असाधारण): Something very unusual, remarkable, or exceptional.
• Example: His extraordinary talent for painting amazed everyone.
• Exceptional (विशेष): Unusually good or outstanding.
• Example: The student's exceptional performance in the exam earned her a scholarship.
• No Option Provided for Option 5.

The correct answer is: Disparaging.

Key Points

• The word "Derogatory" means showing a critical or disrespectful attitude. It is often used to describe comments or remarks that belittle or insult someone. (अपमानजनक)
• Example: The manager apologized for his derogatory remarks about the employee's work.
• "Disparaging" refers to expressing the opinion that something is of little worth; it is synonymous with being belittling or demeaning. (निंदा करने वाला)
• Example: She made disparaging comments about his artistic abilities.
• Hence, we can infer that the nearest meaning to 'Derogatory' is 'Disparaging'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Disparaging.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Injurious (हानिकारक): Causing harm or damage.
• Example: Smoking is injurious to health.
• Shattering (हिला देने वाला): Extremely shocking or upsetting.
• Example: The news of her sudden demise was shattering for the family.
• Destructive (विनाशकारी): Causing great and irreparable damage.
• Example: The hurricane was extremely destructive to the coastal town.

The correct answer is Option (4) i.e. 'To express an idea with great precision'.

Key Points

• To hit the nail on the head: To describe exactly what is causing a situation or problem (सटीक वर्णन करना)
• Example: You hit the nail on the head when you said the problem is lack of communication.
• To express an idea with great precision: (एक विचार को बहुत शुद्धता से व्यक्त करना) - Accurately conveying a thought or opinion.
• This option 4 directly reflects the idiom's meaning related to accurate expression or identification.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'To express an idea with great precision'.

Additional Information

• To hit something accurately: (किसी चीज़ को सटीक रूप से मारना) - Physically striking something with precision.
• To be indecisive: (अनिश्चित होना) - Unable to make decisions quickly.
• To miss an opportunity: (एक अवसर को खो देना) - Failing to take advantage of a situation.

The correct answer is 'Bone of contention'.

Key Points

• The idiom 'Apple of discord' means the foundation, root or core of a quarrel or a small issue that could lead to a bigger argument. (लड़ाई का कारण)
• It is used to describe any object or issue that causes rivalry, disagreement, or conflict among people.
• Example: I sense an apple of discord between you two.
• From the above explanation, it is clear that 'Bone of contention' is the most appropriate meaning of 'Apple of discord'.
• Example: The boundary line between the countries was a bone of contention between the two countries.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'Bone of contention'.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• Practical: It refers to actually doing something rather than with ideas or thought. (प्रायोगिक)
• Distant love: It refers to relationship between partners who are geographically separated from one another. (दूर का प्यार)
• Centre of attraction: It describes a person, object, or location that attracts the most attention or interest. (आकर्षण का केंद्र)

The correct answer is 'To be in good health.'

Key Points

• 'Fit as a fiddle'- is an idiom means to be in very good health(अच्छा स्वास्थ्य)
• Example - I feel fit as a fiddle this morning.
• ​It suggests that the person is as healthy and vigorous as a well-turned musical instrument, hence the comparison to a fiddle.
• Hence, the correct idiom is 'to be in good health'.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• One word substitutions for the idiom fit as a fiddle include able-bodied.
• 'Fit as a fiddle' may have high energy levels, be free from illness or injury, and possess overall good health.

The correct answer is "Option 3".

Key Points

• Grasping at straws: The idiom signifies a desperate attempt to find a solution or some hope when in a situation that seems hopeless or "Trying to find some way to succeed when nothing you choose is likely to work." (निराशा की स्थिति में किसी समाधान या आशा की तलाश).
• Example: After losing his job unexpectedly, John was grasping at straws to pay his monthly bills.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Trying to find some way to succeed when nothing you choose is likely to work."

Additional Information

• Trying to find the best way to compete with others when nothing you choose is likely to work(प्रतिस्पर्धा पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना बजाय किसी भी समाधान की हताश खोज के).
• Trying to find some way to succeed when you see others are also doing the same:(हताश स्थिति के बजाय दूसरों की तरह सफलता के तरीके ढूंढना).
• Trying to find manipulative ways to succeed: This suggests using deceit or manipulation to achieve success, which is not conveyed by the idiom "grasping at straws" (सफलता प्राप्त करने के लिए छल या हेरफेर का इस्तेमाल करने का तात्पर्य, जो कि मुहावरे "grasping at straws" द्वारा व्यक्त नहीं किया जाता है).

The correct answer is 'In any case'.

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes the undeniable importance of language.
• The phrase "In any case" is used to emphasize that the importance of language remains significant regardless of any other factors.
• "In any case" appropriately concludes the passage, reinforcing the importance of language.
• Other options ("In order to", "In conclusive", "In spite of") do not fit the context and flow of the passage as well.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Passage: Language is a powerful device that 1. facilitates communication and interaction between individuals. It serves as a crucial tool for expressing thoughts, emotions, and ideas. 2. The richness of language can be observed in various forms, including spoken and written interaction. People employ language to convey their intentions, share knowledge, and build relationships. It is a fundamental aspect of human interaction and plays a vital role in shaping societies and cultures. Without language, cooperation would be 3. impossible , as it serves as the foundation for collaboration and understanding among diverse communities. Furthermore, language is dynamic and stationary, evolving over time to adapt to changing environments. New words are 4. integrated into the vocabulary, reflecting advancements in technology, science and culture. The ability to modify and adapt language is a key aspect of linguistic competence. 5. In any case, the importance of language cannot be underestimated. It is a fundamental tool for human expression and interaction, facilitating the exchange of ideas and the formation of connections among people.

Additional Information

• In order to: Means for the purpose of, which does not fit the concluding nature of the sentence.
• In conclusive: This does not fit the grammatical structure or meaning needed in the sentence.
• In spite of: Means despite, which does not fit the context of emphasizing the importance of language.

The correct answer is 'integrated'.

Key Points

• The passage describes the process that has happened to new words in the evolving vocabulary.
• The appropriate verb form should match the context of new words being added or incorporated into the vocabulary.
• "Integrated" fits well as it means incorporated or combined, aligning with the context of new words being added to the vocabulary.
• Other options ("integral", "integration", "integrity") do not fit the context as well as "integrated".

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Passage: Language is a powerful device that 1. facilitates communication and interaction between individuals. It serves as a crucial tool for expressing thoughts, emotions, and ideas. 2. The richness of language can be observed in various forms, including spoken and written interaction. People employ language to convey their intentions, share knowledge, and build relationships. It is a fundamental aspect of human interaction and plays a vital role in shaping societies and cultures. Without language, cooperation would be 3. impossible , as it serves as the foundation for collaboration and understanding among diverse communities. Furthermore, language is dynamic and stationary, evolving over time to adapt to changing environments. New words are 4. integrated into the vocabulary, reflecting advancements in technology, science and culture. The ability to modify and adapt language is a key aspect of linguistic competence. 5. Therefore, the importance of language cannot be underestimated. It is a fundamental tool for human expression and interaction, facilitating the exchange of ideas and the formation of connections among people.

Additional Information

• Integral: Means necessary to make a whole complete, which does not fit the verb form needed.
• Integration: Means the process of combining or adding parts, but does not fit the verb requirement.
• Integrity: Means the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles, which is unrelated to the context.

The correct answer is 'impossible'.

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes the crucial role of language in cooperation and collaboration among diverse communities.
• The appropriate adjective should indicate that without language, cooperation simply could not occur.
• "Impossible" fits well as it denotes the inability to achieve cooperation without language, aligning with the context of the passage.
• Other options ("challenger", "challenging", "challenge", "challenges") do not fit the context of emphasizing the absolute necessity of language for cooperation.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Passage: Language is a powerful device that 1. facilitates communication and interaction between individuals. It serves as a crucial tool for expressing thoughts, emotions, and ideas. 2. The richness of language can be observed in various forms, including spoken and written interaction. People employ language to convey their intentions, share knowledge, and build relationships. It is a fundamental aspect of human interaction and plays a vital role in shaping societies and cultures. Without language, cooperation would be 3. impossible , as it serves as the foundation for collaboration and understanding among diverse communities. Furthermore, language is dynamic and stationary, evolving over time to adapt to changing environments. New words are 4. integrated into the vocabulary, reflecting advancements in technology, science and culture. The ability to modify and adapt language is a key aspect of linguistic competence. 5. Therefore, the importance of language cannot be underestimated. It is a fundamental tool for human expression and interaction, facilitating the exchange of ideas and the formation of connections among people.

Additional Information

• Challenger (चुनौती देने वाला): "Challenger" denotes a person or thing that challenges or competes but does not fit the context of describing the necessity of language for cooperation.
• Challenging(चुनौतीपूर्ण): "Challenging" means testing one's abilities, which does not reflect the idea of emphasizing the necessity of language for cooperation.
• Challenge (चुनौती): "Challenge" is a noun meaning a demand to prove or justify something, which does not align well with the context of the sentence.

The correct answer is 'The'.

Key Points

• The passage discusses the role of language in communication and emphasizes the specific richness of language.
• The definite article "the" is used to refer to something specific that is already known to the reader.
• "The" fits well as it specifies the richness being observed, which aligns with the context of the passage.
• Other options, such as "a" or "an", indicate nonspecific nouns and would not fit the context here.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Passage: Language is a powerful device that 1. facilitates communication and interaction between individuals. It serves as a crucial tool for expressing thoughts, emotions, and ideas. 2. The richness of language can be observed in various forms, including spoken and written interaction. People employ language to convey their intentions, share knowledge, and build relationships. It is a fundamental aspect of human interaction and plays a vital role in shaping societies and cultures. Without language, cooperation would be 3. impossible , as it serves as the foundation for collaboration and understanding among diverse communities. Furthermore, language is dynamic and stationary, evolving over time to adapt to changing environments. New words are 4. integrated into the vocabulary, reflecting advancements in technology, science and culture. The ability to modify and adapt language is a key aspect of linguistic competence. 5. Therefore, the importance of language cannot be underestimated. It is a fundamental tool for human expression and interaction, facilitating the exchange of ideas and the formation of connections among people.

Additional Information

• A (एक): "A" is used before words that begin with a consonant sound, indicating a nonspecific noun, which does not fit the context here.
• An (एक): "An" is used before words that begin with a vowel sound, indicating a nonspecific noun, which does not fit the context here.
• No article: Omitting the article would make the sentence grammatically incorrect.

The correct answer is 'facilitates'.

Key Points

• The passage discusses the role of language in communication and interaction between humans.
• The appropriate verb should indicate that language makes communication easier and more effective.
• "Facilitates" fits well as it denotes making an action or process easier, which aligns with the context of language aiding communication.
• Other options ("delays", "qualifies", "experiences") do not fit the context of enhancing and enabling communication.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Passage: Language is a powerful device that 1. facilitates communication and interaction between individuals. It serves as a crucial tool for expressing thoughts, emotions, and ideas. 2. The richness of language can be observed in various forms, including spoken and written interaction. People employ language to convey their intentions, share knowledge, and build relationships. It is a fundamental aspect of human interaction and plays a vital role in shaping societies and cultures. Without language, cooperation would be 3. impossible , as it serves as the foundation for collaboration and understanding among diverse communities. Furthermore, language is dynamic and stationary, evolving over time to adapt to changing environments. New words are 4. integrated into the vocabulary, reflecting advancements in technology, science and culture. The ability to modify and adapt language is a key aspect of linguistic competence. 5. Therefore*, the importance of language cannot be underestimated. It is a fundamental tool for human expression and interaction, facilitating the exchange of ideas and the formation of connections among people.*

Additional Information

• Delays (विलंब): "Delays" means to make something happen at a later time, which does not align with the idea of enhancing communication.
• Qualifies (योग्यता): "Qualifies" means to be entitled to a particular benefit or privilege by fulfilling a necessary condition, which does not reflect the idea of enhancing communication.
• Experiences (अनुभव): "Experiences" means encountering or undergoing an event or occurrence, which does not fit the context of enabling communication.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'Occurence'.

• The correct spelling would be 'Occurrence'.
• The word 'Occurrence' is a noun which means 'an incident or event'. (घटना)
• For Example -
• The occurrence of the event took everyone by surprise.
• Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Occurence'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Harassment - Aggressive behaviour or repeated unwanted actions intended to disturb or upset someone.(उत्पीड़न)
• Supersede -  To take the place of something previously in use, often because it is more modern or effective.(प्रत्याहार करना)
• Exaggerate - To represent something as larger, better, or worse than it actually is.(बढ़ा चढ़ा कर कहना)

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'Eficient'.

• The correct spelling would be 'Efficient'.
• The word 'Efficient' is an adjective which means 'achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense'. (कुशल)
• For Example -
• The new system is highly efficient and saves us a lot of time.
• Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Eficient'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Contribution - a gift or payment to a common fund or collection (योगदान)
• Miscalculation - an error or mistake in calculation (गणना में त्रुटि)
• Mediation - intervention in a dispute in order to resolve it (मध्यस्थता)

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'Preceed'.

• The correct spelling would be 'Precede'.
• The word 'precede' is a verb that means 'to come before something in time or position'. (पूर्व होना)
• For Example -
• She decided to precede the meeting with a short presentation.
• Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Precede'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Exceed - to go beyond a set limit or expectation (अतिक्रमण करना)
• Proceed - (आगे बढ़ना)
• Succeed -(सफल होना)

The correct answer is 'PSQR'.

Key Points

• "The company forecasts (P) that India will be the fastest growing (S) aviation market amongst (Q) the G20 countries (R)."
• This sentence is discussing the growth of the aviation market in India in comparison to other G20 countries, as predicted by a company's forecast. The sentence can be broken down into the following parts:
• "The company forecasts": This indicates that a company has made a prediction about something.
• "that India will be the fastest growing": This specifies what the company has predicted - that India's aviation market will grow faster than that of any other G20 country.
• "aviation market amongst": This describes what the prediction is specifically about - the aviation market in India as compared to other G20 countries.
• "the G20 countries": This specifies the group of countries being compared - the G20, which is a forum of the world's major economies.
• Putting these parts together in the correct sequence, we get: "The company forecasts (P) that India will be the fastest growing (S) aviation market amongst (Q) the G20 countries (R)." This sentence clearly conveys the message that the company is predicting that India's aviation market will grow faster than any other G20 country's aviation market.

The correct answer is 'QPSR'.

Key Points

• The rearranged sentence is: "With time (Q), India has become the world's largest extractor of groundwater (P), accounting for 25 per cent of the total available water (S), accounting for 25 per cent of the total available water (R)."
• This rearrangement creates a grammatically correct and coherent sentence.
• The phrase "with time" introduces the idea that India's status as the world's largest extractor of groundwater is a development that has happened over a period of time.
• The sentence then goes on to provide supporting information in the form of India's extraction of 25% of the total available water, before concluding with the main point of the sentence - that India is the largest extractor of groundwater in the world.

The correct answer is "RQPS"

Key Points

• The sentence is describing the speaker's perspective on another person's honesty.
• "It's not that he is dishonest" is an independent clause that functions as the subject of the sentence, and "it's just that he doesn't see the harm in bending the truth" is an independent clause that functions as the verb phrase.
• There are no modifying phrases in this sentence, so the order should be subject-verb.

Thus, option 3 is the correct answer.

Correct sentence: R it's not that Q he is dishonest, it's just that P he doesn't see the harm S in bending the truth

The correct answer is “Applaud : Praise”

Key Points

• The words ‘Gigantic’ and ‘Huge’ are Synonyms.
• If you describe something as ‘Huge’ or ‘Gigantic’, you are emphasizing that it is very large in size, quantity, or degree.
• Similarly, the words ‘Applaud’, and ‘Praise’ are synonyms.
• When a behaviour or action is applauded, people appreciate or praise it.
• Therefore, ‘Applaud’ and ‘Praise’ have the same relationship as ‘Gigantic’ and ‘Huge’

Hence, the correct pair is ‘Applaud: Praise’

Additional Information

Let’s discuss the other options. The words given in the other options are opposite in meaning.

1. **Lassitude (सुस्ती और आलस): '**Lassitude' is a state of fatigue, laziness or lack of interest.

          Enthusiastic(उत्साह): If you're excited about something, you show how much you like or enjoy it by the way you act and talk.

1. Extrovert (मिलनसार यक्ति): Someone who is an 'extrovert' is very active, lively and sociable.

          Introvert(शांत यक्ति): An 'introvert' is a quiet, shy person.

1. Meagre (थोड़ा और कम): If you describe something as 'meagre', you are critical of it because it is not enough.

          Sufficient (पर्याप्त और काफी): Available in sufficient quantity to meet a need or purpose.

The correct answer is “Extol : Censure”

Key Points

• The words ‘Adamant’ and ‘Flexible’ are Antonyms.
• Adamant means, completely unshakable in point of view or opinion despite all appeals, urgings, etc.
• Flexible means, someone who is flexible can easily change and adapt to different situations and circumstances.
• Similarly, the words ‘Extol’ and ‘Censure’ are antonyms.
• Extol means, If you extol something, you praise them enthusiastically.
• Censure means, If you censure someone for what they have done, you tell them that you strongly disapprove of it.
• Therefore, ‘Extol’ and ‘Censure’ have the same relationship as ‘Adamant’ and ‘Flexible’

Hence, the correct pair is ‘Extol: Censure’

Additional Information

Let’s discuss the other options. The words given in the other options are synonyms.

1. Obdurate, Stubborn (ज़िद्दी और हठी): If you describe someone as stubborn or obdurate, you think they are refusing to change their decisions or opinions.
2. Slander, Criticize (झूठी निंदा और आलोचना करना): Slander is an untrue statement about someone that is intended to damage their reputation and if you criticize someone it means that you are finding fault or disapproving of the person.
3. Obstinate, Dogmatic (हठीला और अपनी बात अड़े रहना): If you describe someone as obstinate and dogmatic, you are criticizing them because they are very determined to do what they want, and refuse to change their mind.

The correct answer is option 2.

In News

• The HINDU: The court observed that the right to freedom of speech and expression is not an unrestricted right in the guise of which defamatory statements can be made to tarnish the reputation of a person.

Key Points

• Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of speech and expression.
• However, this right is not absolute and is subject to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2) to ensure that it does not infringe on the rights of others, including laws related to defamation, which aim to protect individuals' reputation.

Additional Information Defamation in Indian Law:

• It Can be a civil wrong or a criminal offence.
• Civil defamation: Libel (written) or slander (spoken), based on tort law, punishable with financial compensation.
• Criminal defamation: Defined under Section 499 IPC, involves making or publishing any imputation intending to harm someone's reputation. Punishable by up to two years imprisonment and/or fine (Section 500 IPC).

Supreme Court Verdicts on Defamation and Free Speech:

• Subramanian Swamy vs. Union of India (2016):
• Upheld constitutionality of IPC Sections 499 and 500.
• Right to reputation protected under Article 21.
• Criminal defamation is a reasonable restriction on free speech under Article 19(2).
• Kaushal Kishore vs. Union of India (2017):
• No additional restrictions on free speech allowed beyond Article 19(2).

Shortcut Trick

Net profit or loss percentage can be calculated using the successive percentage change formula.

Formula: Net Percentage = a + b + (a × b) ÷ 100

Here, markup percentage a = +35% and discount percentage b = −20%.

Net Profit% = 35 − 20 + (35 × −20) ÷ 100

Net Profit% = 15 − 700 ÷ 100 = 15 − 7 = 8%.

∴ The correct answer is 8%.

Alternate Method

Given: Cost Price (CP) = 1,300, Markup% = 35%, Discount% = 20%.

Formulas: MP = CP × (100 + Markup%) ÷ 100 | SP = MP × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100 | Profit% = (SP − CP) ÷ CP × 100.

⇒ Marked Price (MP) = 1,300 × (135 ÷ 100) = 1,300 × 1.35 = 1,755.

⇒ Selling Price (SP) = 1,755 × (80 ÷ 100) = 1,755 × 0.8 = 1,404.

⇒ Profit = SP − CP = 1,404 − 1,300 = 104.

⇒ Profit% = (104 ÷ 1,300) × 100 = 8%.

∴ The correct answer is 8%.

Additional Information

Relationship between Markup and Discount

Profit% = Markup% − Discount% − (Markup% × Discount%) ÷ 100. This is always applicable when discount is given on the marked-up price.

Cost Price Independence

When calculating percentage profit based on markup and discount percentages, the actual value of the Cost Price (CP) does not affect the final percentage result.

Formula = (slow or fast (use greater number)) ÷ (slow + fast) × total time(hour)

 HintUse the number that is greater either slow or fast.

Now:

Slow = 5 minute

Fast = 3 minute

=   5 ÷ (5 + 3) × 48

= 5 ÷ 8 × 48

= 30 hour

Right time = 3 pm (Sunday) + 30 hr = 9.00 PM Monday.

Hence, the correct answer is "9.00 PM Monday".

The Correct answer is Option 3.

In News

• The Reuters News: What are solid-fuel missiles, and why is North Korea developing them

Key PointsSolid Fuel Missiles: 

• Solid propellants are a mixture of fuel and oxidiser. Metallic powders such as aluminium often serve as the fuel, and ammonium perchlorate, which is the salt of perchloric acid and ammonia, is the most common oxidiser. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The fuel and oxidiser are bound together by a hard rubbery material and packed into a metal casing.
• They do not need to be fuelled immediately ahead of launch, are often easier and safer to operate, and require less logistical support, making them harder to detect and more survivable than liquid-fuel weapons. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• They have a longer shelf life and can remain in storage without degrading for a longer time. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• Agni-4 is an intermediate-range ballistic Missile with a range of around 4,000 km. Developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), it can carry a 1,000-kg payload and can go as high as 900 km. Hence, statement 4 is correct.
• When solid propellant burns, oxygen from the ammonium perchlorate combines with aluminium to generate enormous amounts of energy and temperatures of more than 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit (2,760 degrees Celsius), creating thrust and lifting the missile from the launch pad.

Given:

Simplify: 144 ÷ [ (8 ÷ 4) × { 7 + 7 - ( 5 + 8 - (9 + 2) ) } ]

Formula Used:

Follow BODMAS (Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction).

Calculation:

144 ÷ [ (8)/(4) × { 7 + 7 - ( 5 + 8 - (9 + 2) ) } ]

​⇒ 144 ÷ [ 2 × { 14 - ( 5 + 8 - 11 ) } ]

​⇒ 144 ÷ [ 2 × { 14 - ( 13 - 11 ) } ]

​⇒ 144 ÷ [ 2 × { 14 - 2 } ]

​⇒ ​144 ÷ [ 2 × 12 ]

​⇒ 144 ÷ 24 = 6

The correct answer is 6.

Note: Please note that according to the AFCAT pattern, dots are not provided in the options.

In figure (X), one of the dots lies in the region common to the circle and the hexagon, and the second dot lies in the region of the triangle. Only figure (D) consists of these types of regions.

Hence, the correct answer is figure (D).

Confusion PointsFigure 2→ 

→ Pentagon, Triangle, Circle

Figure 3 → 

 → Pentagon, Triangle, Circle

Figure 4 → 

→ Hexagon, Triangle, Circle

The correct answer is Dubai

In News

• The "Hunar" exhibition is currently hosted at the Dubai Art Centre, showcasing a diverse range of Indian folk and tribal art.

Key Points

• It highlights various artistic styles from different regions of India, such as Aipan art from Uttarakhand, Madhubani art from Bihar, and Warli art from Maharashtra.
• Additionally, visitors can appreciate vibrant murals from Kerala and intricate Muria art from Chhattisgarh, offering a comprehensive view of India's cultural and artistic traditions.
• The exhibition aims to immerse art enthusiasts in Dubai in the rich heritage of Indian art, providing a unique opportunity to experience the soulful expressions of Indian folk and tribal communities.
• Held at one of Dubai's oldest art institutions, the exhibition underscores the city's commitment to promoting global cultural diversity and artistic expression.
• This event not only celebrates the artistic prowess of Indian artisans but also fosters cross-cultural appreciation and understanding among international audiences in Dubai.

Shortcut Trick

For half-yearly compounding, the Rate becomes 8% ÷ 2 = 4% and the Time becomes 1 × 2 = 2 periods.

Using the Ratio Method for 4% (which is 1/25):

Initial : Final = 25 : 26

For 2 periods: 25² : 26² → 625 : 676

625 units = ₹90,625 ⇒ 1 unit = ₹145

676 units = 676 × 145 = ₹98,020

∴ The correct answer is ₹98,020.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹90,625

Rate (R) = 8% p.a.

Time (T) = 1 year

Formula Used:

Amount (A) = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ

Where r = Rate per compounding period, n = Number of periods.

Calculations:

⇒ Effective Rate for half-yearly = 8% ÷ 2 = 4%

⇒ Number of half-yearly periods in 1 year = 1 × 2 = 2

⇒ A = 90625 × (1 + 4/100)²

⇒ A = 90625 × (104/100) × (104/100)

⇒ A = 90625 × (26/25) × (26/25)

⇒ A = (90625 ÷ 625) × 676

⇒ A = 145 × 676

⇒ A = ₹98,020

∴ The correct answer is ₹98,020.

Additional Information

Compounding Half-Yearly Rule

When interest is compounded half-yearly, the annual rate is divided by 2 and the time period is multiplied by 2.

Effective Rate of Interest

The effective rate for two successive periods of r% is given by [r + r + (r × r)/100]%. For 4%, it is 4 + 4 + 0.16 = 8.16%.

Compound Interest Formula

CI = Amount − Principal = P[(1 + R/100)ⁿ − 1].

In figure (X), one of the dots lies in the region common to the triangle, circle, and the boundary, and the second dot lies in the region of the boundary outside the triangle and circle. The third dot lies in the region common to the boundary and the pentagon. Only figure (B) consists of these types of regions.

Hence, the correct answer is figure (B).

The correct answer is 'India'

Key Points

• India's Uranium and Thorium Deposits:
• India has significant deposits of uranium and thorium, which are crucial for the country's nuclear power program.
• Large reserves of thorium are found along the coastal regions, particularly in the state of Kerala. India has one of the largest thorium reserves in the world.
• Uranium deposits are found in several regions across the country, including Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, and Rajasthan.
• The Indian nuclear power program is focused on utilizing these resources, with a particular emphasis on exploiting thorium due to its abundance and potential for long-term energy security.

Additional Information

• USA:
• The USA also has significant uranium resources, particularly in states like Wyoming, Utah, and New Mexico, but it is more reliant on imports for its uranium needs.
• Thorium resources are present but have not been extensively used due to the current focus on uranium-based nuclear power.
• Russia:
• Russia has substantial uranium resources and is a major player in the global uranium market, with large mines and extensive processing capabilities.
• Like the USA, thorium has not been a primary focus, although Russia continues research into its potential use for nuclear energy.
• China:
• China has uranium resources and is expanding its domestic production, though it also relies on imports to meet its nuclear fuel needs.
• China is investing in research and development of thorium-based nuclear reactors, recognizing the potential benefits and vast reserves of thorium.

Shortcut Trick

Upstream speed (U) = 10.2 km ÷ (51/60) h = 12 kmph.

Ratio of Boat (B) : Stream (S) = 7 : 6 ⇒ Upstream ratio (B−S) = 7−6 = 1 unit.

1 unit = 12 kmph ⇒ Downstream (B+S) = 7+6 = 13 units = 13 × 12 = 156 kmph.

Total time = (17.7 ÷ 12) + (66.3 ÷ 156) = 1.475 + 0.425 = 1.9 hours.

∴ The correct answer is 1.9 hours.

Alternate Method

Given: Upstream distance = 10.2 km, Time = 51 min, Boat:Stream ratio = 7:6.

Formula Used: Speed = Distance ÷ Time; Upstream speed (U) = B − S; Downstream speed (D) = B + S.

⇒ Upstream speed (U) = 10.2 / (51/60) = (10.2 × 60) / 51 = 612 / 51 = 12 kmph.

⇒ Let Speed of Boat = 7x and Speed of Stream = 6x.

⇒ U = 7x − 6x = x ⇒ x = 12 kmph.

⇒ Downstream speed (D) = 7x + 6x = 13x = 13 × 12 = 156 kmph.

⇒ Time for 17.7 km Upstream = 17.7 / 12 = 1.475 hours.

⇒ Time for 66.3 km Downstream = 66.3 / 156 = 0.425 hours.

⇒ Total Time = 1.475 + 0.425 = 1.9 hours.

∴ The correct answer is 1.9 hours.

Additional Information

Relative Speed in Water

Upstream speed is the difference (B − S) while downstream speed is the sum (B + S) of boat and stream speeds.

Conversion of Time

To convert minutes to hours, divide by 60. Example: 51 minutes = 51/60 hours = 0.85 hours.

Speed of Boat and Stream

Boat speed B = (D + U)/2 and Stream speed S = (D − U)/2, where D is downstream and U is upstream speed.

In the given question figure, one of the dots lies in the region common to the triangle, both circle and hexagon, the second dot lies in the region common to one circle, hexagon and triangle the third dot lies in the region common to triangle only.

Figure (A) consist same type of the region.

Hence, Figure ‘A’ is the correct option.

The correct answer is option 1.

In News

• ANI News: DRDO launches indigenous assault rifle 'Ugram' for armed forces.

Key Points Ugram:

• The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) on Monday launched Ugram, a state-of-the-art assault rifle of the 7.62 x 51 mm calibre, which has been indigenously designed. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• It has been developed and manufactured in collaboration with a private industry partner.
• The assault rifle has been designed for the operational requirements of armed forces, paramilitary and state police entities.
• The first operational prototype of the rifle, which has been named Ugram, which means ferocious.
• The rifle has an effective range of 500 metres and weighs less than four kilograms.
• Rifle was designed based on the General Staff Qualitative Requirements (GSQRs) of the Indian Army.
• The rifle has a 20 round magazine and fires in both single and full auto mode
• The configuration of the rifle is comparable to the latest AK and AR type rifles and it has a rivet-free design, making it robust.
• The unveiling of this specific type of assault rifle of 7.62 x 51 mm calibre comes at a time when the Defence Acquisition Council had in December given a nod for procurement of 70,000 US-made SIG Sauer assault rifle of the same calibre for the Indian armed forces for over Rs 800 crore

Shortcut Trick

Savings % = 100% − 60% = 40%

Time = 1/4 of a year = 3 months

Total Savings = Monthly Salary × Savings % × Number of months

Total Savings = 8400 × 0.40 × 3 = 10,080

∴ The correct answer is ₹10,080.

Alternate Method

Given:

Monthly Income of the cook = ₹8,400

Monthly Expenditure = 60% of Income

Time Period = 1/4 of a year

Calculations:

⇒ Monthly savings = 100% − 60% = 40% of Income

⇒ Monthly savings = (40 ÷ 100) × 8,400

⇒ Monthly savings = 0.4 × 8,400 = ₹3,360

⇒ Number of months in 1/4 of a year = 12 ÷ 4 = 3 months

⇒ Total savings in 3 months = 3,360 × 3

⇒ Total savings = ₹10,080

∴ The correct answer is ₹10,080.

Additional Information

Income, Expenditure, and Savings Relationship

The basic accounting identity is: Income = Expenditure + Savings. Therefore, Savings = Income − Expenditure.

Time Conversion

Standard time conversions: 1/4 year = 3 months (quarter), 1/2 year = 6 months, 3/4 year = 9 months.

Percentage Change in Savings

If income increases by x% and expenditure increases by y%, the new savings can be calculated using the Base Change method on individual components.

The logic followed is:

'ENTER' is coded as "FOTGT

'DICEY' is coded as 'EJCGA'

Similarly, for CHILD

So, 'CHILD' will be coded as 'DIINF'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is Option 2.

In News

• News: Can Zombie viruses cause a new deadly pandemic?

Key PointsZombie virus:

• Scientists in Siberia have warned against a new pandemic threat microbes, colloquially known as 'zombie' viruses.
• These ancient viruses are frozen in the Arctic permafrost, but researchers fear that the warming climate and its effects on the permafrost cover could one day release these viruses, thereby sparking a catastrophic disease outbreak. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• Permafrost covers a fifth of the northern hemisphere. It is made up of soil that has been kept at temperatures below zero for long periods and some layers have remained frozen for hundreds of thousands of years.
• Permafrost is cold, dark, and lacks oxygen, which is perfect for preserving biological material.
• However, permafrost is evolving globally. Alaska, Siberia, and Canada contain the upper layers of the planet's primary reserves, which are melting as a result of the Arctic being disproportionately affected by climate change.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Men : Women : Children = 20% : 50% : (100 − 70)% = 2 : 5 : 3.

Assume Base Average = 50 kg (common for women and children).

Deviation for Men = 45 − 50 = −5 kg for 2 parts.

Net change in average = (−5 × 2) ÷ (2 + 5 + 3) = −10 ÷ 10 = −1 kg.

Final Average = Base + Deviation = 50 − 1 = 49 kg.

∴ The correct answer is 49 kg.

Alternate Method

Given: % of Men = 20%, Women = 50%, Children = 30%. Average weights: Men = 45 kg, Women = 50 kg, Children = 50 kg.

Formula: Average Weight = (Total Weight) ÷ (Total Number of People)

⇒ Let the total number of people in the group be 100.

⇒ Number of Men = 20, Women = 50, Children = 100 − (20 + 50) = 30.

⇒ Total weight of Men = 20 × 45 = 900 kg.

⇒ Total weight of Women = 50 × 50 = 2500 kg.

⇒ Total weight of Children = 30 × 50 = 1500 kg.

⇒ Sum of all weights = 900 + 2500 + 1500 = 4900 kg.

⇒ Group Average = 4900 ÷ 100 = 49 kg.

∴ The correct answer is 49 kg.

Additional Information

Weighted Average Formula

Weighted Average = (w₁x₁ + w₂x₂ + ... + w_nx_n) ÷ (w₁ + w₂ + ... + w_n), where w represents weights/quantities and x represents individual averages.

Deviation Method for Averages

Average = Assumed Average + (Net Deviation ÷ Total Count). This method simplifies calculations when dealing with large numbers or common values.

Combined Average Concept

If two groups have sizes n₁, n₂ and averages A₁, A₂, the combined average is (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

The mirror image of the given figure is

Hence, the correct answer is option (2).

The correct answer is 21st September.

Key Points

• Each year the International Day of Peace is observed around the world on September 21st.
• The International Day of Peace was established in 1981 by the United Nations General Assembly.
• Two decades later, in 2001, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) voted to call for "non-violence and cease-fire" on World Peace Day.
• The 2023 theme for the International Day of Peace is Actions for Peace: Our Ambition for the #GlobalGoals".
• The UN encourages countries to observe the day by adhering to "24 hours of non-violence."

Shortcut Trick

Product of two numbers = LCM × HCF = 102.

Let numbers be 17x and 6x ⇒ 17x × 6x = 102 ⇒ 102x² = 102 ⇒ x = 1.

Numbers are 17 and 6. HCF(17, 6) = 1 and LCM(17, 6) = 102.

Sum of reciprocals = (1/1) + (1/102) = (102 + 1)/102 = 103/102.

∴ The correct answer is 103/102.

Alternate Method

Given: Ratio of numbers = 17 : 6, LCM × HCF = 102.

Formula Used: Product of two numbers = LCM × HCF.

⇒ Let the numbers be 17x and 6x.

⇒ Product of numbers = 17x × 6x = 102x².

⇒ We know, 102x² = 102 ⇒ x² = 1 ⇒ x = 1.

⇒ The numbers are 17 × 1 = 17 and 6 × 1 = 6.

⇒ Since 17 and 6 are co-prime, HCF = 1 and LCM = 17 × 6 = 102.

⇒ Sum of reciprocals = (1/LCM) + (1/HCF) = (1/102) + (1/1).

⇒ Sum = (1 + 102) / 102 = 103/102.

∴ The correct answer is 103/102.

Additional Information

Fundamental Property of HCF and LCM

For any two positive integers a and b, the product of the numbers is equal to the product of their HCF and LCM: a × b = HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b).

Co-prime Numbers

If two numbers are co-prime, their HCF is always 1 and their LCM is simply the product of the two numbers.

Reciprocal Sum Logic

The sum of reciprocals of two numbers x and y is given by (x + y) / (xy).

According to given information;

Total number of students = 45

Kamal position from left = 15

Preet position from right = 28

Number of student between Kamal and Preet = Total student - (Kamal position + Preet position)

= 45 - (15 + 28)

= 45 - 43

= 2

Hence, there are two students between Kamal and Preet.

The correct answer is Western Ghats.

Key Points

• The Nilgiri Hills are part of the Western Ghats and form a mountain knot where the Eastern and Western Ghats meet.

Additional Information 

• The Western Ghat Mountain
• The Western Ghats stretch over 1,600 km along the western coast of India, from Gujarat to Kerala.
• Recognized as one of the world's ten "Hottest biodiversity hotspots," it hosts over 30% of India's plant, fish, bird, and mammal species.
• The range includes several peaks over 2,000 meters, with Anamudi being the highest at 2,695 meters.
• It features unique ecosystems, including tropical rainforests, montane grasslands, and wetlands, contributing to its rich biodiversity.
• The Western Ghats play a crucial role in affecting the monsoon weather pattern in India and provide substantial water resources for the region.

Shortcut Trick

Age difference between Arvind and Asha is always constant: 40 − 25 = 15 years.

When Arvind was 4 times as old as Asha, the ratio was 4 : 1.

Difference in ratio parts = 4 − 1 = 3 units.

3 units = 15 years ⇒ 1 unit = 5 years (Asha's age then).

Years ago = Current age − Past age = 25 − 5 = 20 years.

∴ The correct answer is 20 years.

Alternate Method

Given: Current age of Arvind = 40 years, Current age of Asha = 25 years.

Formula Used: (Current Age − x) = Ratio × (Other Current Age − x)

Let x be the number of years ago.

⇒ (40 − x) = 4 × (25 − x)

⇒ 40 − x = 100 − 4x

⇒ 4x − x = 100 − 40

⇒ 3x = 60

⇒ x = 20

∴ The correct answer is 20 years.

Additional Information

Constant Age Difference

The numerical difference between the ages of two persons remains the same throughout their lives, regardless of the years passed or ratio changes.

Ratio Adjustment Method

If the age ratio is given for two different time periods, multiply the ratios so that the difference between the ratio parts of the two people is equalized.

Future/Past Calculation

To find age 'n' years ago, subtract 'n' from present age. To find age 'n' years hence, add 'n' to present age.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "162".

The correct answer is Option 1

CONCEPT:

Reflection of Light

• Reflection: Light reflects off surfaces such as mirrors, which causes it to change direction.
• Smooth Surfaces: Smooth surfaces like mirrors provide a clear reflection as they redirect light rays at specific angles.

EXPLANATION:

• Assertion (A): Light can be reflected. - This statement is true. Light reflection is a well-known phenomenon where light bounces off surfaces.
• Reason (R): Smooth surfaces like mirrors redirect light rays at definite angles. - This statement is also true. Smooth surfaces cause light to reflect in a regular pattern.
• The reason correctly explains the assertion because light reflection is better understood with smooth surfaces like mirrors.
• From the explanation, we can infer that: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Shortcut Trick

For any sum of money to double itself (n = 2) at Simple Interest, the Interest must be equal to the Principal.

Shortcut formula: Rate (R) = 100 ÷ Time (T)

⇒ R = 100 ÷ 5 = 20

∴ The correct answer is 20%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time (T) = 5 years

Let Principal (P) = ₹100

Since the money doubles, Amount (A) = 2 × 100 = ₹200

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = Amount (A) − Principal (P)

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculations:

⇒ SI = 200 − 100 = 100

⇒ 100 = (100 × R × 5) ÷ 100

⇒ 100 = 5 × R

⇒ R = 100 ÷ 5

⇒ R = 20%

∴ The correct answer is 20%.

Additional Information

Sum of money n-times itself

If a sum becomes n-times itself in T years at SI, then R = 100(n − 1) ÷ T.

Compound Interest Doubling (Rule of 72)

To find the approximate time to double money at CI, use T ≈ 72 ÷ R.

Difference between SI and CI

Difference for 2 years = P(R ÷ 100)².

Logic: The given alphabets in the word are written in a certain pattern.

TROUBLE is written as ETLRBOU:

Similarly, PROBLEM will be written as:

Hence, the correct answer is "MPERLOB".

The correct answer is Yuki Bhambri and Albano Olivetti

Key Points

• Yuki Bhambri and Albano Olivetti won the Swiss Open 2024 doubles event.
• They defeated the French pair of Fabrice Martin and Ugo Humbert in the final.
• This victory marks their second ATP Tour title of the year, having previously won the Bavarian International Tennis Championships in Munich.
• The match was held at the Roy Emerson Arena in Gstaad, and Bhambri and Olivetti won 3-6, 6-3, 10-6.

Additional Information

• Fabrice Martin and Ugo Humbert: This French pair was the runner-up in the Swiss Open 2024 doubles event.
• Andreas Mies and Jan-Lennard Struff: They were the opponents Bhambri and Olivetti defeated in the Bavarian International Tennis Championships in Munich.
• Harri Heliovaara and Henry Patten: They defeated Bhambri and Olivetti in the Lyon Open final in May.
• Yuki Bhambri and Albano Olivetti also competed in the French Open and Wimbledon Grand Slams this year but did not advance past the early rounds.
• Yuki Bhambri’s ATP Tour career now includes three ATP titles, with the first one won in 2023 alongside Lloyd Harris at the Mallorca Championships.

Shortcut Trick

Distance covered by cab in (29 − 12) minutes = Distance covered by man in 12 minutes.

Ratio of Speed of Cab : Speed of Man = 12 : (29 − 12) = 12 : 17.

Given, Speed of Cab = 54 km/hr (12 units → 54).

1 unit → 54 ÷ 12 = 4.5. Therefore, 17 units → 17 × 4.5 = 76.5 km/hr.

∴ The correct answer is 76.5 km/hr.

Alternate Method

Given: Speed of Cab = 54 km/hr, Time Interval of Cabs = 29 min, Meeting Interval = 12 min.

Formula: Distance between cabs = Relative Speed × Meeting Time.

⇒ Distance between two cabs = 54 × (29 ÷ 60) km.

⇒ Let Speed of Man be 'v' km/hr.

⇒ Relative speed (opposite direction) = (54 + v) km/hr.

⇒ Distance = Relative Speed × Meeting Interval.

⇒ 54 × (29 ÷ 60) = (54 + v) × (12 ÷ 60).

⇒ 54 × 29 = (54 + v) × 12.

⇒ 1566 = 648 + 12v.

⇒ 12v = 1566 − 648 = 918.

⇒ v = 918 ÷ 12 = 76.5 km/hr.

∴ The correct answer is 76.5 km/hr.

Additional Information

Relative Speed in Opposite Direction

When two objects move towards each other, their Relative Speed is the sum of their individual speeds: S_rel = S₁ + S₂.

Distance Constant Concept

The distance between two consecutive vehicles is always Speed × Time Interval. This distance is covered at the relative speed by an observer moving in the opposite direction.

Time Conversion

Always ensure units are consistent. To convert minutes to hours, divide by 60. To convert km/hr to m/s, multiply by 5/18.

The study of Fossils is called Paleontology.

Similarly;

The study of Disease is called Pathology.

Hence, "Pathology" is the correct answer.

Important Points

1. Meteorology is the science dealing with the atmosphere and its phenomena, including both weather and climate.

2) Entomology is the study of insects. 

3) Cryology is the study of snow and ice.

4) Climatology is the study of the atmosphere and weather patterns.

5) Cell biology is the study of cell structure and function.

6) Anatomy is the science that studies the structure of the body.

The correct answer is Vision

In News

• The Octagon in the new design of Admirals' Epaulettes represents Vision.

Key Points

• The Octagon in the new design is drawn from the Naval Ensign and inspired by Rajmudra of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
• It represents the eight cardinal directions, indicating an all-round long-term vision.
• The Octagon symbolizes the rich maritime heritage and embraces Prime Minister Modi’s Panch Pran of Pride in the country’s heritage.
• The Golden Navy button signifies the resolve to eliminate the slavery mindset.
• The Sword emphasizes the Navy as the cutting edge of National power.
• The Telescope symbolizes long-term vision, foresight, and vigilance in an ever-changing world.

Shortcut Trick

Days for Varun = (Product of days) ÷ (Difference of days)

Days for Varun = (42 × 6) ÷ (42 − 6)

Days for Varun = 252 ÷ 36 = 7 days

∴ The correct answer is 7 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by Robin + Varun = 6 days

Time taken by Robin alone = 42 days

Calculations:

⇒ Efficiency of Varun = (Efficiency of Robin + Varun) − (Efficiency of Robin)

⇒ Efficiency of Varun = 7 − 1 = 6 units/day

⇒ Time taken by Varun = Total Work ÷ Efficiency of Varun

⇒ Time taken by Varun = 42 ÷ 6 = 7 days

∴ The correct answer is 7 days.

Additional Information

Combined Work Formula

If A takes 'a' days and B takes 'b' days, together they take (a × b) / (a + b) days.

Efficiency and Time

Efficiency is inversely proportional to time. Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time.

Individual Work Calculation

If (A+B) take T days and A takes 'a' days, then B takes (T × a) / (a − T) days.

Given: Mohan's birthday on 25th July 1926 was a Tuesday.

And, his brother's birthday was on 28th July 1946.

So, the odd day between 25th July 1926 to 28th July 1946 = 20 Years and 3 odd day.

In 20 years, 5 Leap Years and 15 Ordinary Years.

→ 5 Leap Years = 5 × 2 = 10 days

→ 15 Ordinary Years = 15 × 1 = 15 days

So, total odd days = 10 + 15 + 3 = 28 days, 28/7 = 4 week and 0 odd day.

Therefore, Mohan's brother's birthday was same day as Mohan's birthday.

So, 28th July 1946 will be Tuesday + 0 = Tuesday.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The Correct Answer is ​Gujarat.

In News

• Fossils of Colossal Snake "Vasuki" found in a lignite mine.

Key Points

• Scientists unearth 27 vertebrae of Vasuki indicus in India, estimated to be up to 49 feet long, potentially making it the largest snake fossil found, rivaling the Titanoboa.
• Lived 47 million years ago, Vasuki was a non-venomous constrictor with habits similar to modern pythons.
• The mine is located in the Panandhro area of the Kutch district in western India’s state of Gujarat.
• Vasuki, named after the snake king associated with the Hindu deity Shiva, rivals in size another huge prehistoric snake called Titanoboa, whose fossils were discovered in a coal mine in northern Colombia, as announced in 2009.
• Titanoboa, estimated at 42 feet (13 meters) long and 1.1 metric tons, lived 58-60 million years ago. The reticulated python is the longest extant snake, sometimes measuring 20-30 feet (6-9 meters).

Shortcut Trick

Percentage difference between candidates = (100% − 48%) − 48% = 52% − 48% = 4%.

According to the question, 4% of total votes = 756.

1% of total votes = 756 ÷ 4 = 189.

100% (Total votes) = 189 × 100 = 18900.

∴ The correct answer is 18900 votes.

Alternate Method

Given: Votes of losing candidate = 48%, Defeat margin = 756 votes.

Formula Used: Total Votes = (Vote Difference ÷ Percentage Difference) × 100

⇒ Let total votes be X.

⇒ Winner's share = 100% − 48% = 52%.

⇒ Difference in shares = 52% − 48% = 4%.

⇒ 4% of X = 756

⇒ (4 ÷ 100) × X = 756

⇒ X = (756 × 100) ÷ 4

⇒ X = 189 × 100 = 18900.

∴ The correct answer is 18900 votes.

Additional Information

Percentage Change

Percentage change = (Difference ÷ Original Value) × 100. Useful for calculating growth or reduction.

Valid and Invalid Votes

In complex election problems, Valid Votes = Total Polled − Invalid Votes. The winner's percentage is usually calculated on Valid Votes.

Percentage Base

Always identify the base (100%) correctly; in this case, the total number of votes polled is the base.

According to the given information,

Total number of people = 30

20 people like web series.

16 people like movies.

9 people like both movies and web series.

Number of people who only like movies = 20 – 9 = 11

Number of people who only like watch web series = 16 – 9 = 7

Drawing the Venn diagram, 

Number of people who neither like watch movies nor web series = 30 – (7 + 9 + 11)

= 30 - 27  = 3

Hence, “3” is the correct answer.

The correct answer is  Both 1 and 2.

Key PointsAjanta Paintings

• Statement 1: The surface of the rock was coated with clay mixed with rice husk and gum and a coat of lime was applied over this.
• The preparation of the surface for painting was a meticulous process in Ajanta, involving a base layer of clay mixed with organic materials like rice husk and gum.
• This was followed by a coat of lime to create a smooth and stable surface for the application of paint.
• This technique helped in preserving the vibrancy and durability of the paintings over centuries.
• Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Statement 2: The outline drawing was done first on the lime coating and colours were added subsequently.
• The artists at Ajanta followed a systematic process where they first created an outline of the drawing on the lime-coated surface.
• After ensuring the accuracy of the outlines, they proceeded to fill in the colors, adding details and layers to bring the images to life.
• This method allowed for precision and depth in the artwork, contributing to the intricate and expressive nature of the Ajanta paintings.
• Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Additional Information

• Ajanta Caves:
• Located in Maharashtra, India, the Ajanta Caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• The caves date back to the 2nd century BCE to about 480 CE.
• They consist of 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments, which include paintings and sculptures considered masterpieces of Buddhist religious art.
• Techniques and Materials:
• The paintings were created using a technique called "fresco-secco," where pigments are applied on a dry plaster surface.
• The use of natural pigments and organic materials like rice husk and gum contributed to the longevity and preservation of the artwork.
• Historical Significance:
• The Ajanta paintings provide valuable insights into the life, culture, and religious practices of ancient India.They depict various Jataka tales which are stories of the previous lives of Buddha.
• The intricate details and vibrant colors reflect the advanced artistic skills and creativity of the period.

Shortcut Trick

For a fixed Expenditure (₹1), the Price is inversely proportional to the Quantity.

Cost Price (CP) % is always 100%. Selling Price (SP) % = 100% + 100% (Gain) = 200%.

Price Ratio (CP : SP) = 100 : 200 = 1 : 2.

Quantity Ratio (CP : SP) = 2 : 1 (Inverse of Price Ratio).

Given SP Quantity = 1 unit ⇒ 4 chocolates. Therefore, CP Quantity = 2 units ⇒ 2 × 4 = 8 chocolates.

∴ The correct answer is 8.

Alternate Method

Given: Selling Price (SP) of 4 chocolates = ₹1 | Gain = 100%.

Formulas: SP = CP × (100 + Gain%) ÷ 100 | CP = SP × 100 ÷ (100 + Gain%)

⇒ Selling Price (SP) of 1 chocolate = ₹1/4.

⇒ Cost Price (CP) of 1 chocolate = (1/4) × 100 ÷ (100 + 100).

⇒ Cost Price (CP) of 1 chocolate = (1/4) × (100 ÷ 200) = (1/4) × (1/2) = ₹1/8.

⇒ Number of chocolates bought for ₹1 = 1 ÷ (1/8) = 8.

∴ The correct answer is 8.

Additional Information

Price-Quantity Relationship

When the total expenditure remains constant, the quantity purchased is inversely proportional to the unit price (Quantity ∝ 1/Price).

Profit Percentage

Profit % = (Total Gain ÷ Cost Price) × 100. A 100% gain implies that the Selling Price is exactly double the Cost Price.

The logic follows here : 

1. Sukhoi Su-30MKI is a Fighter Jet. 2. INS Vikrant is different from these two, it is an Aircraft Carrier.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given set of words is :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Additional Information

INS VIKRANT

• INS Vikrant is a 37,500-tonne carrier and has been launched almost four-and-a-half years after its keel was laid.
• The launch of warship, which has a length of 260 metres and is 60 metres wide.
• The launch has marked India's entry into a select club of countries capable of designing and building a carrier of this size and capability.
• There are 14 decks in all, including five in the superstructure. The ship has over 2,300 compartments, designed for a crew of around 1,700 people, including specialized cabins to accommodate women officers.
• There are 14 decks in all, including five in the superstructure. The ship has over 2,300 compartments, designed for a crew of around 1,700 people, including specialized cabins to accommodate women officers.

Sukhoi Su-30MKI

• The Sukhoi Su-30MKI is a twinjet multirole air superiority fighter developed by Russia's Sukhoi and built under license by India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the Indian Air Force (IAF). A variant of the Sukhoi Su-30, it is a heavy, all-weather, long-range fighter.
• The IAF has nearly 260 Su-30MKIs in inventory as of January 2020.
• Based on the Su-30 fighter aircraft, Su-30MKI is equipped with thrust vectoring control and canards.
• The aircraft has a length of 21.9m, wingspan of 14.7m and a height of 6.4m.
• The maximum take-off weight of Su-30MKI is 38,800kg.
• The Su-30MKI is also equipped with a N011M passive electronically scanned array radar, OLS-30 laser-optical locator system and Litening target designation pod to guide air-to-surface missile and laser guided munitions.
• The Su-30MKI is armed with a 30mm Gsh-30-1 cannon with 150 rounds of ammunition.
• The Su-30MKI fleet of IAF was fitted with air-launched version of BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles and was successfully tested in November 2017.
• The BrahMos can strike targets within the range of 290km.
• The IAF completed the successful integration of the cruise missile on the fighter, with the third live firing of the missile from the aircraft in December 2019.

The correct answer is Abul Kalam Azad

Key Points 

• Al-Hilal was a weekly Urdu newspaper.
• It was established by the Indian Muslim independence activist Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
• The paper was notable for its criticism of the British Raj in India and its exhortation to Indian Muslims to join the growing Indian independence movement.
• Abul Kalam Azad was the first independent Education Minister.
• The newspaper ran from 1912 to 1914, when it was closed under the Press Act.

Additional InformationZafar Ali Khan

• Zafar Ali Khan was a Pakistani writer, poet, translator and journalist who played an important role in the Pakistan Movement against British rule.
• He was born in Kot Mehrath, Sialkot District, Punjab, British India (today Pakistan) and received his early education at Mission High School, Wazirabad.
• He graduated from Aligarh College and was appointed secretary to a Muslim political leader Mohsin-ul-Mulk, then in Bombay.

Ali Bandhu

• Mohammed Ali Jauhar and Shaukat Ali were known as Ali Bandhu (Brothers) in Indian history.
• Mohammed Ali Jauhar was an Indian Muslim activist, journalist, and poet who played an important role in the Khilafat Movement.
• He was born on December 10, 1887, in Rampur State, British India (currently Uttar Pradesh).
• Shaukat Ali was an Indian Muslim activist and the leader of the Khilafat Movement.
• He was born on March 10, 1873, in Rampur State, British India.

Mohammad Iqbal

• Sir Muhammad Iqbal, also known as Allama Iqbal, was a famous poet, philosopher, lawyer, and politician from British India.
• He was born on November 9, 1877, in Sialkot, Punjab, British India (currently in Pakistan).
• Iqbal’s poetry is considered to be revolutionary and among the greatest of the 20th century.
• He is believed to be the inspiration behind the historical Pakistan Movement.

Shortcut Trick

Rate of Pipe A = 7800 ÷ 12 = 650 litres/hr

Rate of Pipe B = 7800 ÷ 12 = 780 litres/hr

Combined Rate = 650 + 780 = 1430 litres/hr

Time to fill 8800 litres = 8800 ÷ 1430 = 880 ÷ 143 = 80/13 hours

∴ The correct answer is 80/13 hr.

Alternate Method

Given: Capacity 1 = 7800 litres, Time A = 12 hrs, Time B = 10 hrs, Target Capacity = 8800 litres.

Formula Used: Efficiency = Work ÷ Time; Time = Work ÷ Total Efficiency

⇒ Total Efficiency (A + B) = 650 + 780 = 1430 litres/hr

⇒ Target Work = 8800 litres

⇒ Required Time = 8800 ÷ 1430

⇒ Required Time = 880/143

⇒ Required Time = (80 × 11) ÷ (13 × 11) = 80/13 hours

∴ The correct answer is 80/13 hr.

Additional Information

Pipes and Cisterns Efficiency

Efficiency is inversely proportional to time when work is constant. If an inlet pipe fills a tank in 'x' hours, its work done in 1 hour is 1/x.

Inlet and Outlet Pipes

Inlet pipes perform positive work while outlet pipes (leakage) perform negative work. Net efficiency = Σ(Inlet Efficiency) − Σ(Outlet Efficiency).

Combined Work Formula

If pipe A fills in x hours and pipe B in y hours, they together fill in (x × y) ÷ (x + y) hours for the same total work.

Neither Conclusion I nor II follows. The statement highlights the importance of quality education for socioeconomic development and reducing inequality. However, it does not imply that all children in developed countries have equal access to education, as disparities in educational opportunities can still exist. Additionally, while improving access to education can contribute to poverty reduction, it does not automatically eradicate poverty, as poverty is influenced by multiple complex factors.

The Correct Answer is S Somanath.

In News

• ISRO Chief opens "Digantara HQ" in Bengaluru for Space Safety.

Key Points

• S Somanath inaugurates Digantara's global headquarters, featuring advanced facilities for satellite assembly and space surveillance, in Bengaluru.
• The start-up aims to launch a constellation of satellites for tracking space debris, enhancing global satellite safety and sustainability.
• The headquarters, spread across 25,000 sq ft area in Hebbal, comprises a satellite assembly, integration and testing (AIT) facility and a command and control centre for providing comprehensive space domain awareness.
• Digantara gears up to launch one of the world’s 1st space-based surveillance satellites, "SCOT".

Shortcut Trick

Combine ratios by making the common element (Red) equal.

Red : Green = 7 : 20 and Red : Pink = 12 : 15 = 4 : 5.

Multiply first ratio by 4 and second by 7 → Red : Green : Pink = 28 : 80 : 35.

Green : Pink = 80 : 35 = 16 : 7.

∴ The correct answer is 16 : 7.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of Red (R) to Green (G) = 7 : 20

Ratio of Pink (P) to Red (R) = 15 : 12

Calculations:

⇒ R/G = 7/20 ⇒ G/R = 20/7

⇒ P/R = 15/12 = 5/4

⇒ To find Green : Pink, calculate (G/R) × (R/P)

⇒ G/P = (20/7) × (4/5)

⇒ G/P = (4 × 4) / 7 = 16/7

⇒ G : P = 16 : 7

∴ The correct answer is 16 : 7.

Additional Information

Compound Ratio

The compound ratio of (a : b) and (c : d) is (ac : bd). It is used to link multiple variables together.

Equality of Common Terms

To combine ratios like A:B and B:C, multiply each ratio by a factor such that the value of the common term 'B' becomes equal to the LCM of its values in both ratios.

Inverse Ratio

The inverse ratio of a : b is 1/a : 1/b, which simplifies to b : a.

The pattern followed here is shown below:

Hence, "577" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 15th.

Key Points

• The Census 2011 is the 15th National Census conducted in India.
• The Census is conducted every ten years by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.
• The Census 2011 provided critical data on demographics, literacy, employment, and housing conditions across India.
• The first Census in India was conducted in 1871 during British rule.
• The Census is essential for planning and policy-making at both the central and state government levels.

Additional Information

• The Census 2011 was conducted in two phases: the House Listing and Housing Census, and the Population Enumeration.
• The data collected during the Census helps in the allocation of resources, representation in legislative bodies, and formulation of various socio-economic policies.
• The Census also includes data on important social indicators such as sex ratio, age distribution, and urban-rural population distribution.

Given:

Ratio of boys to girls = 5:3

After 10 boys leave, ratio becomes = 1:1

Formula used:

Let the number of boys = 5x

Let the number of girls = 3x

Total people = Boys + Girls

After 10 boys leave:

Remaining boys = 5x - 10

Remaining girls = 3x

New ratio = Remaining boys : Remaining girls = 1 : 1

Calculation:

Given new ratio:

(5x - 10) / 3x = 1/1

⇒ 5x - 10 = 3x

⇒ 5x - 3x = 10

⇒ 2x = 10

⇒ x = 5

Total boys = 5x = 5 × 5 = 25

Total girls = 3x = 3 × 5 = 15

Total people = Boys + Girls = 25 + 15 = 40

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

‘Deranged’, ‘lunatic’ and ‘insane’ are synonyms of crazy.

Hence, the correct answer is crazy.

The correct answer is ​Nina Singh.

The question is PYP of DSSSB JJA,3/3/2024.

In News

• Rajwinder Singh Bhatti is the current Director General of the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF). He was appointed on August 28, 2024.

Key Points

• Nina Singh was appointed Director General of CISF, making her the first woman to head this elite force.
• Nina Singh, a 1989-batch IPS officer of the Rajasthan cadre, has served in various important assignments in the state.
• She has worked in the CISF since 2021 and held positions such as ADG, Special DG, and DG in-charge.
• Nina Singh's appointment is effective until her July 31, 2024 superannuation.
• Anish Dayal Singh has been appointed as the Director General of the CRPF.

Given:

Two numbers are in the ratio 15:11

One of them = 143

H.C.F. = 13

Formula used:

If two numbers are in the ratio a:b and their H.C.F. is H, then the numbers are:

First number = a × H

Second number = b × H

Calculation:

First number = 15 × 13 = 195

Second number = 11 × 13

⇒ Second number = 143

∴ The correct answer is Option (2).

The possible diagram is,

Using Pythagoras theorem to get the shortest distance:

(Hypotenuse)² = (Base)² + (Height)²

Shortest distance between hospital and home = √(41)² - (9)2)

= √(1681 - 81)

= √(1600)

= 40 m

Using Pythagoras theorem to get the shortest distance:

(Hypotenuse)² = (Base)² + (Height)²

Shortest distance between home and office = √(3)² + (4)²)

= √(9 + 16)

= √(25)

= 5 m

The shortest distance between the office and hospital = 40 + 5 = 45m.

The correct answer is Vitamin C.

Key Points

• Vitamin C influences iron absorption by increasing the solubility of iron in the stomach and enhancing its absorption in the small intestine.
• Vitamin C also helps in the conversion of ferric iron to ferrous iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body.
• Vitamin C-rich foods include citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, tomatoes, and bell peppers.
• Iron absorption may be reduced by consuming foods or supplements high in calcium, tannins, or phytates.

Additional Information

• Iron is an essential mineral required for the production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.
• Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, weakness, and impaired immune function.
• Good dietary sources of iron include red meat, poultry, fish, beans, lentils, spinach, and fortified cereals.
• Vitamin B: While B vitamins play a role in energy metabolism and red blood cell production, they do not directly influence iron absorption.
• Vitamin D: Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone health, but it does not affect iron absorption.
• Vitamin K: Vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting and bone health, but it does not impact iron absorption.

Given:

Price increase = 20%

Formula used:

Let initial consumption be 100 units.

Expenditure = Price × Consumption

New expenditure = Old expenditure

Let the reduced consumption be x.

Calculation:

New price = 120% of old price

120 × x = 100 × 100

⇒ x = (100 × 100) ÷ 120

⇒ x = 83.33

Reduction in consumption = 100 - 83.33

⇒ Reduction = 16.67%

∴ The correct answer is option 2.

The pattern is,

11 C 12 D 24 = 11 × quotient (24/12) = 22,

4 C 6 D 12 = 4 × quotient (12/6) = 8

Similarly,

4 C 9 D 18 = 4 × quotient (18/9) = 8

Hence, 8 is the correct answer.

In Air Force, Air Commodore has one rank higher than the Group Captain.

• The Indian Air Force's rank structure is based on that of the Royal Air Force.
• The highest rank attainable in the Indian Air Force is the Marshal of the Indian Air Force, conferred by the President of India after exceptional service during wartime.
• MIAF Arjan Singh is the only officer to have achieved this rank.
• The head of the Indian Air Force is the Chief of the Air Staff, who holds the rank of Air Chief Marshal.
• The current Chief of the Air Staff is Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari appointed on 30 September 2019.

Given:

Initial solution = 3 litres

Sugar concentration in initial solution = 40%

Sugar in initial solution = 40% of 3 litres

Water added = 1 litre

Total solution after adding water = 3 + 1 = 4 litres

Formula used:

Sugar concentration = (Sugar quantity / Total solution) × 100

Calculation:

Sugar in initial solution = 40% of 3 = (40 / 100) × 3 = 1.2 litres

Total solution = 4 litres

New sugar concentration = (Sugar quantity / Total solution) × 100

⇒ (1.2 / 4) × 100

⇒ 0.3 × 100 = 30%

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

The pattern followed here is:

In the central hexagon:

The sum of numbers in vertically opposite triangles is same:

7 + 5 = 12;

9 + 3 = 12;

11 + 1 (A) = 12;

Hence, value of A will be 1.

The number in each outer circle is the difference between the numbers in the triangles that are adjoining the line joining the outer circle.

Hence,

9 – 5 = 4;

11 – 9 = 2;

11 – 7 = 4;

7 – 3 = 4;

3 – 1 = 2;

Hence, (1, 2) will be placed at the A and B respectively.

The correct answer is option 1.

In News

• Indian EXPRESS: What is Governor’s immunity under Article 361. 

Key PointsGovernor’s immunity:

• According to Article 361 of the Indian Constitution, the Governor is immune from any civil proceedings in respect of anything done in his official capacity. This is to ensure the smooth functioning of the office without any legal hindrances. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• The Governor cannot be prosecuted for any criminal offense while in office. This immunity is absolute and ensures that the Governor can perform their duties without fear of legal consequences during their term. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• The Governor cannot be subject to judicial scrutiny for actions performed in his personal capacity during his term. Judicial scrutiny is only possible after the Governor leaves office. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect.

Additional Information

• Article 361 of the Indian Constitution:
• Grants immunity to the Governor and the President from legal proceedings during their term of office.
• Protection from Civil and Criminal Proceedings:
• Governor cannot be prosecuted or sued for actions taken in the course of their official duties. Immunity covers both civil and criminal proceedings.
• Conditions of Immunity:
• Applies only to actions performed as part of the Governor's official functions.
• Does not cover acts done in a personal capacity or outside the scope of official duties.
• Duration of Immunity:
• Lasts as long as the Governor holds office. After the term ends, the Governor can be held accountable for personal acts not covered by official immunity.

Given:

The difference between a two-digit number and the number obtained by interchanging its digits is 9.

Formula used:

Let the two-digit number be 10x + y, where x is the tens digit and y is the units digit.

The number obtained by interchanging the digits is 10y + x.

Difference = (10x + y) - (10y + x) = 9

Difference between two digits = |x - y|

Calculation:

(10x + y) - (10y + x) = 9

⇒ 10x + y - 10y - x = 9

⇒ 9x - 9y = 9

⇒ 9(x - y) = 9

⇒ x - y = 1

⇒ Difference between two digits = |x - y| = 1

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Hence, Amar is grandfather of Ray.