AFCAT 10th Aug 2024 (Shift 1) Memory Based Paper. (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is 'Courageous'. 

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the given word 'Valiant' is 'Courageous'.

• Let's look at the meaning and examples of the given words: 

• | Valiant | very brave or bravely determined, especially when things are difficult or the situation gives no cause for hope | The company has made a valiant attempt in the last two years to make itself more efficient. | | --- | --- | --- | | Courageous | having or showing courage | It was courageous of her to challenge the managing director's decision. | | Scared | frightened or worried | I'm scared of telling her what really happened. | | Frightened | feeling fear or worry | The police officer found a frightened child in the hut. | | Enthusiastic | a feeling of energetic interest in a particular subject or activity and an eagerness to be involved in it | One of the good things about teaching young children is their enthusiasm. |

• Therefore, by reading the above explanation we find that the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is: Option 4 (Banter).

Key Points

• The word "Persiflage" means light, teasing, or playful conversation, often in a joking or humorous manner. (हंसी-मजाक)
• Example: The persiflage among the friends at the party lightened the mood and brought laughter to everyone.
• "Banter" refers to friendly, joking, and teasing remarks exchanged in a lighthearted way. (मज़ाक)
• Example: The banter between the teammates during the practice session kept everyone energised and cheerful.
• Hence, we can conclude that the synonym of 'Persiflage' is 'Banter'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4 (Banter).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Seriousness (गंभीरता): The quality or state of being serious or solemn.
• Example: The seriousness of the situation was evident from the tense expressions on everyone's faces.
• Argument (तर्क/विवाद): A discussion in which people express different opinions about something, often in a heated or contentious manner.
• Example: The heated argument between the two colleagues disrupted the meeting.
• Criticism (आलोचना): The expression of disapproval of someone or something based on perceived faults or mistakes.
• Example: The artist took the criticism of his work as an opportunity to improve.

The correct answer is: Endure.

Key Points

• The word "Abscond" means to leave hurriedly and secretly, typically to avoid detection or arrest. (गुप्त रूप से भाग जाना)
• Example: The thief absconded with the money before the police arrived.
• "Endure" refers to the ability to tolerate or withstand something, particularly difficult situations, without running away or escaping. (सहना)
• Example: She endured the harsh weather conditions during her trek to the mountains.
• Hence, the antonym of 'Abscond' is 'Endure', as enduring implies facing a situation rather than escaping or fleeing from it.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Endure.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Withdraw (पीछे हटना): To retreat or move away from a situation.
• Example: He decided to withdraw from the competition due to injury.
• Flee (भाग जाना): To run away from a place or situation of danger.
• Example: The residents fled the town during the flood.
• Hide (छिपाना): To conceal oneself or something from view or detection.
• Example: She hid the gift in the closet to surprise her friend.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. Strong.

Key Points

• The word "resilient" means able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions. (लचीला)
• Example: After facing numerous challenges, the community remained resilient and rebuilt their lives.
• "Strong" refers to having the power to move heavy weights or perform other physically demanding tasks; having the ability to withstand or endure. (मजबूत)
• Example: The bridge is strong enough to support the weight of several vehicles at once.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of 'resilient' is 'strong'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Strong.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Content (संतुष्ट): In a state of peaceful happiness.
• Example: She felt content after completing her project successfully.
• Coarse (अशिष्ट): Rough or harsh in texture.
• Example: The coarse fabric was uncomfortable to wear.
• Antique (पुराना): A collectible object that has a high value because of its age and quality.
• Example: The antique clock in the living room has been passed down through generations.

The correct answer is: Adequate.

Key Points

• The word "Meager" means (of something provided or available) lacking in quantity or quality; lean; thin. (अल्प, बहुत कम)
• Example: The prisoners were given a meager ration of food each day.
• "Adequate" means enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose; sufficient. (पर्याप्त)
• Example: The room was small but adequate for our needs.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Meager' is 'Adequate'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Adequate.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Unfortunate (दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण): Having bad luck; unlucky.
• Example: It was an unfortunate accident that could have been avoided.
• Unsafe (असुरक्षित): Not protected from danger or risk; not safe.
• Example: It is unsafe to walk alone in this area at night.
• Unbiased (निष्पक्ष): Showing no prejudice for or against someone or something; impartial.
• Example: We need an unbiased opinion to make a fair decision.

The correct answer is SQRP.

Key Points

• Part 1 has already been given. (It had)
• Among the given sentences, Part S will be the next. After 'had' we use third form of verb, thus- always been in is the next part.
• After preposition, we need to use prepositional object which is a noun/pronoun. Thus, Narendra's nature to test i.e. Q is the next part
• R would be the next part as it answers what is to be tested- something thoroughly before
• before is a conjunction, so, we need to write a clause after it, thus, he could accept it i.e. P is the last part.

Correct sentence: It had always been in Narendra's nature to test something thoroughly before he could accept it.

The correct answer is option 3) i.e., ‘CADB’.

Key Points 

• When arranging sentences, it is easier to order the first few; and then eliminate the options accordingly.
• The first sentence of a paragraph is usually independent and introduces a topic. The second one provides more information about it.
• Here, only C is independent and introduces the subject of the passage which deals with an ant which almost drowned.
• It should be followed by A which moves the story forward by talking about how a dove saw the ant in danger and what action the dove took.
• So, A must come after C. Then CA is the correct order.
• This order is only shown in option 3, which shows the full sequence as: CADB.

Thus, the correct sequence is: CADB

C. An ant went to a fountain to quench his thirst and, tumbling in, almost drowned.

A. But a dove that happened to be sitting on a neighbouring tree saw the ant’s danger and, plucking off a leaf, let it drop into the water before him.

D. The ant mounting upon it, was presently wafted safely ashore.

B. Just at that time, a fowler was spreading his net and was in the act of ensnaring the dove, when the ant, perceiving his object, bit his heel.

The correct answer is option 4) i.e., 'ADCB'.

Key Points

• When arranging sentences, it is easier to order the first few; and then eliminate the options accordingly.
• The first sentence of a paragraph is usually independent and introduces a topic. The second one provides more information about it.
• Here, only A is independent and introduces the questioning by the Inspector.
• It should be followed by D which provides the guard's answer to the question asked by the Inspector.
• So, D must come after A. Then AD is the correct order.
• This order is shown in option 4, which shows the full sequence as: ADCB.
• Thus, the correct sequence is: ADCB

A. Inspector: “Were you sleeping when the robbers entered the bank?”

D. Guard: “No Sir. The bank had closed and | had just gone to relieve myself.”

C. Inspector: “What did you see when you came back?”

B. Guard: “The iron grill lock was broken and the bank looked ransacked but the robbers could not take away anything as I had returned quickly.”

The correct answer is CBAD.

Key Points 

• Sentence C is the first line. 'Farmer' is a noun and the lines are revolved around it.
• Followed by sentence C, sentence B tells us that farmers should not only give us grains but also energy.
• Sentence A brings up a fact that how fuel import prices can rise in the future.
• Followed by sentence A, sentence D tells that if such a huge amount will be given to our farmers they will not commit suicide.

Additional Information 

• Find the main idea, thought, or some personality description on which a paragraph is written. Try to locate the sentence which contains such matter. Mostly such a sentence forms the first or the last sentence of the paragraph.
• Sentences containing proper nouns i.e. names of persons, places, etc., or abstract nouns like qualities i.e. Goodness or beauty, etc. Come in the opening line or starting line of the paragraph.
• Sentences containing pronouns like he, his, him, she, her, they, their, them, or come in the first or last part of a name come in a subsequent part of the paragraph.
• Pronouns like it, this, that, these, or those show that it mentions the topic already detailed in the sentences preceding them. So these sentences generally do not form the first line of the paragraph.

Hence, the correct order is 'Farmers in the country today give us food grains. But they should also start giving energy. The country currently spends Rs 8 lakh crore a year on fuel import, and the amount can go up to Rs 25 Lakh Crore in the future. If such a big amount goes to farmers, then they will not commit suicide.'

The correct answer is 'Nuclear fission'.

Key Points

• Nuclear energy is generated through a process where atoms are split apart, known as nuclear fission.
• It involves breaking the nucleus of an atom to release a significant amount of energy.
• This process distinguishes nuclear energy from other energy sources that rely on chemical processes or physical movement, such as wind or solar power.
• The passage specifically mentions nuclear power plants use uranium for this splitting process due to its effectiveness in creating a chain reaction that releases energy.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

The correct answer is 'Nuclear accidents are common and not harmful'.

Key Points

• The passage points out that nuclear accidents, while very rare, can be serious and harmful. This contradicts the statement that they are common and not harmful.
• Nuclear energy being produced by splitting atoms, the use of uranium in the process, and the creation of radioactive waste as a byproduct are all correctly described in the passage.
• The safety and environmental impact of nuclear energy is a key consideration, reinforcing the importance of accurately understanding the nature and consequence of nuclear accidents.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

The correct answer is 'Radioactive waste'.

Key Points

• Nuclear energy production leads to the creation of radioactive waste, which is a significant environmental and safety concern.
• The passage explicitly mentions the generation of radioactive waste as a drawback of using nuclear energy.
• Radioactive waste is hazardous and requires careful storage for many years to prevent harm to humans and the environment.
• This concern is distinct from other potential issues like noise pollution or heat production and is not related to air freshness, which is more associated with pollution from fossil fuels.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is "Surrugocy."

 Key Points

• The correct spelling of the word is "Surrogacy."
• The incorrect option, "Surrugocy", has "u" instead of "o" and "o" instead of "a."
• "Surrogacy" means the action or state of being a surrogate. (सरोगेट होने की क्रिया या अवस्था)
• Example: Surrogacy is frequently denounced as exploitation.
• The correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Obdurate" means stubborn or unyielding. (लोगों की इच्छानुसार अपना विचार बदलने से मना करना; हठधर्मी, ज़िद्दी)
• Option 2: "Cryptic" means mysterious or puzzling. (गुप्‍त अर्थ वाला; रहस्‍यमय)
• Option 4: "Drastic" means extreme or severe. (अत्‍यधिक और भरपूर असरदार, उग्र, प्रचंड)

The correct answer is "Philolegy."

 Key Points

• The word "Philolegy" is incorrectly spelled.
• The correct spelling is "Philology," which refers to the branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical development, and relationships of a language or languages. (ज्ञान की वह शाखा जो किसी भाषा या भाषाओं की संरचना, ऐतिहासिक विकास और संबंधों से संबंधित है)
• Example: He was the first scholar to transfer the strict standards of philology to musicology.
• The correct answer is Option 3.
  

Additional Information

• Philosophy: the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (जीवन के अर्थ एवं मतों से संबंधित विचारों का अध्ययन; दर्शन-शास्‍त्र)
• Philanthropy: the desire to promote the welfare of others, especially by donating money to good causes. (दान आदि के द्वारा ज़रूरतमंदों की सहायता; परोपकार, लोकोपकार)
  
• Philately: the collection and study of postage stamps. (डाक टिकट संग्रह एवं संकलन व उनका अध्ययन)

The correct answer is: Mischievious

Key Points

• The correct spelling of the word is 'Mischievous'.
• Mischievous refers to causing or showing a fondness for causing trouble in a playful or harmless way. (शरारतपूर्ण)
• Example: The mischievous kitten batted at the ornaments on the Christmas tree, delighting in the chaos it caused but never intending any harm.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Acquiesce: To accept something reluctantly but without protest. (संतुष्ट होना)
• Artificial: Something made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally. (कृत्रिम)
• Conscientious: A person who is diligent, careful, and thorough in their work or duties. (ईमानदार)

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the incorrect use of the phrase "chase out" in the context of dealing with clients having outstanding debts.
• The phrase "chase out" is typically used in contexts where someone is physically removed or expelled from a place.
• A more appropriate phrase might be "follow up with" or "deal with" clients with outstanding debts.
• Thus, the error is located in part 1 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct Sentence: "It is his job to follow up with clients with outstanding debts."

Additional Information

• It is his job – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• clients with – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• outstanding debts – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is Option 1)

Key Points

• The word "cowardly" means lacking courage; it is an adverb describing an action done without bravery or courage. (कायरतापूर्ण)
• Example: He acted cowardly by running away from his responsibilities.
• "Cowardice" is the noun form and refers to the lack of bravery. (कायरता)
• Example: His cowardice was evident when he refused to stand up for his friend.
• In the given sentence, the correct word should be "cowardly" used as an adverb to describe how the soldiers should never fight.
• "Cowardly" is indeed an adjective, but the correct structure requires "in a cowardly manner" to form an adverbial phrase that modifies the verb "fight."

Therefore, the correct sentence is: Soldiers in the Indian Armed Forces are trained never to fight in a cowardly manner**.**

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Soldiers in (सैनिक): Refers to the individuals serving in the military forces.
• Example: Soldiers in the army are trained to handle various combat situations.
• the Indian Armed Forces are (भारतीय सशस्त्र बल): Refers to the combined military forces of India, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
• Example: The Indian Armed Forces are known for their discipline and valor.
• trained never to (प्रशिक्षित): Refers to the rigorous training soldiers undergo to prepare for various situations.
• Example: Soldiers are trained never to leave a comrade behind.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. in an earlier job, he will never be.

Key Points

• The phrase "he will never be" is unnecessary as it introduces a redundant subject "he."
• The sentence already has a subject "A man who has been accused of fraud," making "he" redundant and incorrect.
• The corrected version should simply be "A man who has been accused of fraud in an earlier job will never be welcomed in any other organisation."
• The other parts of the sentence are grammatically correct.

Hence, the part with the error is option 4.

The segment that contains an error in the sentence is ‘4’ i.e. look after the matter.

Key Points

• Look after means to take care of, which doesn’t fit the context. The correct term should be look into, meaning to investigate or examine.
• The correct sentence should be: "The committee requested the Chief Investigator to personally look into the matter."
• The other segments do not contain any errors:
• Option 1: the Chief Investigator - correct.
• Option 2: The committee requested - correct.
• Option 3: to personally - correct.

Hence, the segment with the error is ‘4’ look after the matter.

The correct answer is: ​the thieves have leave.

Key Points

• The error is related to the verb tense.
• In this case, the present perfect tense "have leave" is incorrect.
• The correct form should be in the past tense, as the action of leaving occurred before the recalling in the past.
• The correct phrase should be "the thieves had left."
• Corrected sentence: He finally recalled that the thieves had left from the front door.
• In this corrected sentence, the past perfect tense "had left" is used to indicate that the thieves left before the main action of recalling took place.

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. An insincere display of grief.

Key Points

• The idiom "Crocodile tears" refers to an insincere show of emotion, especially grief, where the person pretends to be sad or remorseful but does not genuinely feel it. (मगरमच्छ के आँसू; दिखावटी दुःख)
• Example: The politician shed crocodile tears while addressing the plight of the poor, but no real action was taken.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: An irrevocable step (अपरिवर्तनीय कदम): Refers to an action that cannot be undone or reversed.
• Example: Signing the contract was an irrevocable step in their business partnership.
• Option 2: To not behave in a fair way (अनुचित व्यवहार करना): Refers to being unfair or unjust in one's actions.
• Example: It is unethical to not behave in a fair way while judging a competition.
• Option 3: To please everyone (सभी को खुश करना): Refers to making an effort to satisfy everyone, often at the cost of one's own needs or beliefs.
• Example: Trying to please everyone is a sure way to exhaust yourself.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. "A troublesome or hazardous situation".

Key Points

• The idiom "Hornet's nest" means a situation that causes trouble, chaos, or danger; it often refers to stirring up conflict or provoking problems. (मुसीबत या खतरनाक स्थिति)
• Example: He stirred up a hornet's nest when he criticized the new policy at the meeting.
• "A troublesome or hazardous situation" accurately describes the meaning of "Hornet's nest". (मुसीबत या खतरनाक स्थिति)
• Example: The project turned into a hornet's nest of delays and disagreements.
• Hence, the idiom "Hornet's nest" refers to "A troublesome or hazardous situation".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: A difficult task (कठिन कार्य): Something that requires a lot of effort or skill to accomplish.
• Example: Solving the puzzle was a difficult task for the children.
• Option 2: A bee's nest (मधुमक्खी का छत्ता): Literally refers to the nest of bees; this is not the correct meaning of the idiom "Hornet's nest".
• Example: We found a bee's nest near the garden shed.
• Option 4: A house built with great difficulty (कठिनाई से बनाया गया घर): Refers to a construction project completed with significant challenges.
• Example: The family’s house in the mountains was built with great difficulty.

The correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. "To bribe someone".

Key Points

• The idiom "Grease someone's palm" means to bribe someone in order to gain favor or secure a benefit. (किसी को रिश्वत देना)
• Example: He had to grease the officer's palm to get his work done quickly.
• "Bribe" refers to giving someone money or something valuable to persuade them to act dishonestly in your favor. (रिश्वत देना)
• Example: The contractor attempted to bribe the official to approve the faulty construction project.
• Hence, the idiom "Grease someone's palm" directly refers to the act of bribing someone.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: To flatter someone (किसी की चापलूसी करना): To excessively praise or compliment someone, often to gain favor.
• Example: She tried to flatter her boss to get a promotion.
• Option 2: To beat someone (किसी को मारना): To physically attack or defeat someone.
• Example: The team managed to beat their rivals in the final match.
• Option 3: To abuse someone (किसी का अपमान करना): To mistreat or speak rudely to someone.
• Example: The teacher warned the students not to abuse each other during the debate.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "nepotism" refers to the practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs. (भाई-भतीजावाद)
• Example: The company's hiring of the CEO's unqualified nephew was a clear case of nepotism.
• "Kinship" refers to blood relationship or a sharing of characteristics or origins. (रिश्तेदारी)
• Example: They felt a strong kinship with the other survivors of the disaster.
• Hence, we can infer that the correct word for giving undue favors to one's own kith and kin is 'nepotism'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Kinship (रिश्तेदारी): Blood relationship or a sharing of characteristics or origins.
• Example: They felt a strong kinship with the other survivors of the disaster.
• Corruption (भ्रष्टाचार): Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery.
• Example: The politician was convicted of corruption and sentenced to prison.
• Worldliness (सांसारिकता): The quality of being experienced and sophisticated in the ways of the world.
• Example: His worldliness was evident in his knowledge of different cultures and languages.

The correct answer is: Celibate.

Key Points

• The word "celibate" refers to a person who abstains from marriage and sexual relations, typically for religious reasons. (ब्रह्मचारी)
• Example: Many monks and nuns take vows to live celibate lives as part of their religious commitment.
• "Celibate" is often associated with religious or spiritual dedication where individuals choose not to marry or engage in sexual activity. (ब्रह्मचारी)
• Example: He decided to remain celibate to focus entirely on his spiritual growth.
• Hence, we can infer that the term suitable for one who does not marry typically for religious reasons is 'celibate'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Celibate.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Bachelor (कुंवारा): A man who is not and has never been married.
• Example: He remained a bachelor all his life, dedicating his time to his career.
• Widower (विधुर): A man whose spouse has died and who has not remarried.
• Example: After the death of his wife, he lived alone as a widower.
• Virgin (कुंवारी): A person who has never had sexual intercourse.
• Example: She remained a virgin by choice, valuing her personal beliefs and principles.

The correct answer is: Option 1 (Inevitable).

Key Points

• The word "That which cannot be avoided" refers to something that is certain to happen and cannot be prevented. (अपरिहार्य)
• ​"Inevitable" means certain to happen; unavoidable. (अपरिहार्य)
• Example: The fall of the old regime was inevitable.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 (Inevitable).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Irreparable (अपूर्तीय): Impossible to rectify or repair.
• Example: The damage to the ancient artefact is irreparable.
• Incomparable (अतुलनीय): Without an equal in quality or extent; matchless.
• Example: Her beauty is incomparable.
• Indisputable (अविवादित): Unable to be challenged or denied.
• Example: The evidence presented in the case was indisputable.

The correct answer is '​Apathetic : ​Eager.' 

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words given in the question- Conventional : Eccentric​​​:
• Conventional: always behaving in a traditional or normal way. (हमेशा पारंपरिक एवं सामान्य व्यवहार करनेवाला, परंपरागत, पारंपरिक, रूढ़िगत, निरंतर, सामान्‍य)
• Eccentric: strange or unusual. (सनकी, ख़ब्‍ती, झक्‍की)
• In the given pair Conventional : Eccentric​​​​​​, the antonym of 'Conventional' is 'Eccentric'.
• Now, let us explore the meanings of the words from the option:
• Colossal: extremely large. (अतिविशाल, वृहत्‍काय, बहुत बड़ा)
• Enormous: very big or very great. (विशाल या अत्‍यधिक)
• Undertake: to decide to do something and start doing it. (किसी काम को करने का निर्णय लेकर उसे आरंभ करना)
• Endeavour: to try hard. (कठोर परिश्रम करना; भरसक प्रयास करना)
• Destroy: to damage something so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists. (किसी वस्‍तु को इस तरह हानि पहुँचाना कि वह इस्‍तेमाल न हो सके या समाप्‍त हो जाए, नष्‍ट करना)
• Efface: to make something disappear; to remove something. ((किसी वस्‍तु को) विलुप्‍त कर देना; मिटा देना या हटा देना)
• Apathetic​: showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern. (कोई दिलचस्पी, उत्साह या चिंता नहीं दिखाना या महसूस करना)
• Eager: strongly wanting to do or have something. (कुछ करने या करने की प्रबल इच्छा)
• The antonym of Apathetic is Eager.
• Complete analogy: Conventional​​ : Eccentric :: Apathetic : Eager

Additional Information 

• Let us see some more examples of analogies:
• Pen : Paper
• Path : Highway
• Vein : Artery
• Sculptor : Chisel

The correct answer is 'Incite : Pacify.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words given in the question- Heed : Ignore:
• Heed: to pay attention to advice, a warning, etc.. (सलाह, चेतावनी आदि पर ध्यान देना)
• Ignore:  to pay no attention to somebody/something. (व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु पर कोई ध्यान न देना, की उपेक्षा करना)
• In the given pair Heed : Ignore, the antonym of 'Heed' is 'Ignore'.
• Now, let us explore the meanings of the words from the option:
• Incite: to encourage somebody to do something by making him/her very angry or excited. (भड़काना, उकसाना)
• Pacify: to make somebody who is angry or upset be calm or quiet. (किसी नाराज़ या परेशान व्‍यक्ति को शांत एवं स्थिर करना)
• Consequence: something that happens or follows as a result of something else. (परिणाम, नतीजा, फल, प्रभाव)
• Outcome​​: the result or effect of an action or an event. (किसी क्रिया या घटना का परिणाम या प्रभाव)
• Dwarf: a person, animal or plant that is much smaller than the usual size. ((व्‍यक्ति, पशु या पौधा) सामान्य से बहुत छोटा, बौना, ठिगना, नाटा)
• Diminutive: much smaller than usual. (सामान्‍य से काफ़ी छोटा, नन्‍हा)
• Dense: containing a lot of things or people close together. (घनीभूत, बहुत-सी वस्‍तुओं या व्‍यक्तियों के जुटाव वाला)
• Thick: having a lot of things close together. (घना, सघन)
• The antonym of Incite is Pacify.
• Complete analogy: Heed : Ignore :: Incite : Pacify

Additional Information  

• Let us see some more examples of analogies:
• Pen : Paper
• Path : Highway
• Vein : Artery
• Sculptor : Chisel

The correct answer is 'Consequence.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words given in the question- Dissimilar : Contrary​​​:
• Dissimilar: not the same; different. (असदृश; विसदृश, भिन्‍न)
• Contrary: completely different; opposite. (पूर्णतया भिन्‍न; विपरीत)
• In the given pair, the synonym of 'Dissimilar' is 'Contrary'.
• The meaning of the word "Outcome" is the result or effect of an action or an event. (किसी क्रिया या घटना का परिणाम या प्रभाव)
• Now, let us explore the meanings of the words from the option:
• Calmness: the quality of being peaceful, quiet, and without worry. (शांति)
• Consequence: something that happens or follows as a result of something else. (परिणाम, नतीजा, फल, प्रभाव)
• Stormy: involves a lot of angry arguments and strong feelings. (क्रोध और तीव्र भावनाओं से युक्त; संकटपूर्ण)
• Conspicuous: easily seen or noticed. (सुस्‍पष्‍ट, प्रकट, साफ़, प्रत्‍यक्ष)
• The synonym of Outcome is Consequence.
• Complete analogy: Dissimilar : Contrary​​​ : : Outcome : Consequence​

Additional Information  

• Let us see the synonyms of the given words:
• Mundane: Ordinary
• Serious: Significant

The correct answer is 'Heed.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words given in the question- Pacify : Incite:
• Pacify: to make somebody who is angry or upset be calm or quiet. (किसी नाराज़ या परेशान व्‍यक्ति को शांत एवं स्थिर करना)
• Incite: to encourage somebody to do something by making him/her very angry or excited. (भड़काना, उकसाना)
• In the given pair Pacify : Incite, the antonym of 'Pacify' is 'Incite'.
• The meaning of the word "Ignore" is to pay no attention to somebody/something. (व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु पर कोई ध्यान न देना, की उपेक्षा करना)
• Now, let us explore the meanings of the words from the option:
• Surmount: to deal successfully with a problem or difficulty. (समस्‍या या कठिनाई पर पार पाना)
• Conquer: to succeed in controlling or dealing with a strong feeling, problem, etc. (भावावेश; समस्‍या आदि पर सफलतापूर्वक नियंत्रण पाना)
• Discord: disagreement or argument. (असहमति, अवज्ञा या विवाद, झगड़ा)
• Heed: to pay attention to advise, a warning, etc.. (सलाह, चेतावनी आदि पर ध्यान देना)
• The antonym of Ignore is Heed.
• Complete analogy: Pacify : Incite :: Ignore : Heed

Additional Information   

• Let us see some more examples of analogies:
• Pen : Paper
• Path : Highway
• Vein : Artery
• Sculptor : Chisel

The correct answer is 3) is environmentally friendly

Key Points

• Eco Mark is a certification mark issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).
• It is awarded to products that meet certain environmental criteria and standards.
• The aim of the Eco Mark scheme is to encourage consumers to purchase products that have a reduced environmental impact.
• Products with the Eco Mark are evaluated based on their overall environmental impact, including factors such as resource conservation, waste reduction, and pollution control.
• Examples of products that can receive the Eco Mark include textiles, cosmetics, food items, and electronic goods.

Additional Information

• The Eco Mark scheme was introduced in 1991 by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.
• The criteria for Eco Mark certification are developed in collaboration with experts from various fields, including environmental science, industry, and consumer organizations.
• Eco Mark is part of a global trend towards eco-labeling, which aims to provide consumers with information about the environmental impact of products.
• By choosing products with the Eco Mark, consumers can contribute to environmental conservation and sustainable development.
• The Eco Mark logo is a symbol of trust and environmental responsibility, helping consumers make informed choices.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Operation Sukoon

• During the 2006 Lebanon War, a military conflict broke out between Israel and Hezbollah, a Lebanese militant group. Hence option 2 is not correctly matched.
• Around 10,000 Indians lived in Lebanon at the time, of which 2,000 were in the conflict zone.
• India carried out Operation Sukoon to evacuate its citizens along with those from Sri Lanka and Nepal.
• At the end of the rescue op, 2,280 people were brought back safely – 1,764 Indians, 112 Sri Lankans, 64 Nepalese, and seven Nepalese nationals with Indian spouses.

Operation Raahat

• conducted by Indian Armed Forces in 2015 for the evacuation of people from war-hit Yemen
• INS Sumitra was deployed to evacuate people and INS Mumbai and INS Tarkash were sent to provide protection to the vessel.

Operation Ganga

• India has mounted a massive rescue operation named ‘Operation Ganga’ to bring back Indian citizens stranded in Ukraine.
• Ministry of External Affairs, in close coordination with the Ministry of Civil Aviation, is making all efforts to bring the Indian students back to India at a fast pace.
• Indian Airlines are putting their resources in a faster evacuation process. 16 flights scheduled to evacuate 6000+ citizens.

Operation Devi Shakti 

• Under "Operation Devi Shakti”, a total of 669 people have now been evacuated from Afghanistan.
• This comprises 448 Indians and 206 Afghans, which includes members of the Afghan Hindu/Sikh minority community.
• In view of the challenging humanitarian situation in Afghanistan, the Government of India has dispatched humanitarian assistance consisting of medical supplies on the return flight.

The correct answer is  3, 4, 2, 1.

Key PointsChronological Order of Events

• The passing of the Rowlatt Act: March 1919
• This act was passed in March 1919 by the Imperial Legislative Council in British India.
• It gave the British government in India the power to arrest and detain individuals without trial.
• The act was seen as repressive and led to widespread anger and protests across India
• Jallianwala Bagh incident: April 13, 1919
• On April 13, 1919, a large crowd gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar to protest against the arrest of two nationalist leaders.
• General Dyer ordered his troops to fire on the unarmed crowd, resulting in a massacre.
• This incident intensified Indian anger against British rule and was a pivotal moment in the Indian independence movement
• All-India Khilafat Conference in Delhi: November 1919
• This conference took place in November 1919 as part of the Khilafat Movement.
• The Khilafat Movement aimed to support the Turkish Caliphate and protect it from dismemberment after World War I.
• It was also a significant part of the Indian freedom struggle, as it brought together Muslims and Hindus in a common cause
• Launch of Non-Cooperation Movement: August 1920
• Launched by Mahatma Gandhi in August 1920.
• It was a mass protest against British rule, urging Indians to withdraw from British institutions and boycott British goods.
• The movement saw widespread participation and was a major step towards Indian independence.

Hence, the correct chronological order of the given events is 3, 4, 2, 1.​**

The correct answer is INSV Tarini.

In News

• INSV Tarini, crewed by Lt Cdr Dilna K and Lt Cdr Roopa A, completed a landmark 2-month transoceanic expedition, marking a significant achievement as the first Indian woman to do so.

Key Points

• Lt Cdr Dilna K and Lt Cdr Roopa A undertook the expedition in "double-handed mode" aboard INSV Tarini.
• Their exceptional journey marked a historic milestone as they became the first Indians to accomplish such a feat.
• The ship returned triumphant to its base port in Goa after nearly two months of the expedition.
• INSV Tarini will now prepare for its next voyage, a circumnavigation of the globe (Sagar Parikrama -- IV expedition), scheduled to commence in September.
• The expedition showcased the prowess of 'Nari Shakti' in the maritime domain and highlighted the Indian Navy's commitment to promoting gender equality.

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

In News

• News: Chief Minister Prem Singh Tamang called on Governor Lakshman Prasad Acharya and submitted a resolution passed by newly-elected MLAs of Sikkim Krantikari Morcha (SKM), electing him as their legislature party leader to stake claim to form the next government.

Key PointsPower of Governor:

• If no party is able to form a government, the Governor can recommend the imposition of President's Rule under Article 356 of the Constitution. This implies that the state is placed under direct control of the central government until a new government is formed. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• While the Governor has discretionary powers in inviting a party to form the government, such decisions can be challenged in a court of law if it is believed that the discretion has been exercised arbitrarily or without adhering to constitutional norms.
• The courts can review the process to ensure that it adheres to the principles of the Constitution. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• Mithila painting, also known as Madhubani painting, is a style of Indian painting, practiced in the Mithila region of Bihar.
• This art form is characterized by its eye-catching geometrical patterns.
• It is traditionally done on freshly plastered mud walls and floors of huts, but nowadays, it is also done on cloth, handmade paper, and canvas.
• Mithila paintings are known for their vibrant colors and intricate designs, often depicting Hindu deities, flora and fauna, and scenes from the royal court.

The correct answer is Admiral R. Hari Kumar

In News

• Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral R Hari Kumar, inaugurated a major pier and residential accommodation at Karwar Naval Base in Karnataka.

Key Points

• The newly inaugurated Pier 3 Offshore Patrol Vessel Pier is 350 meters long.
• It is capable of berthing Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs), large survey vessels, and Mine Counter Measure Vessels.
• The pier also provides various shore-based services, including electrical power, potable water, chilled water for air conditioning, and 30-tonne mobile cranes.
• The residential accommodation includes two towers with 80 flats for married officers and 149 flats for single officers.
• Additionally, there are six towers of Type-II accommodation consisting of 360 flats for Defense Civilians.

The correct answer is Poland.

Key Points

• Zloty is the currency of Poland.
• Poland is a country in Central Europe.
• The capital and largest city of Poland is Warsaw.
• The official language of Poland is Polish.
• Poland shares a coastline on the Baltic Sea in the North.
• Poland is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Women's 200m T12. 

In News

• India’s Simran Sharma has won Gold Medal at World Para Athletics Championship in Kobe, Japan.

Key Points

• The T12 classification in para athletics refers to athletes with visual impairment. This classification allows athletes to compete with a guide if necessary, depending on the level of visual impairment.
• Simran Sharma clinched the gold medal in the women's 200m T12 event, demonstrating exceptional sprinting capabilities in the category for visually impaired athletes.
• Simran achieved a personal best time of 24.95 seconds, improving upon her previous best of 25.16 seconds, which showcases significant progress and dedication in her training regimen.
• The 200m T12 is a sprint event that requires both speed and strategic pacing, and winning a gold in this event highlights Simran's prowess in short-distance sprints.
• This victory contributed to India's impressive medal haul at the World Para Athletics Championships, emphasizing the country's strength and depth in para athletics.
• Her gold was part of a total of 17 medals won by India at the championships, helping India secure the sixth position in the overall standings.
• Winning a gold medal not only elevates Simran Sharma's stature in international para athletics but also serves as an inspiration for other athletes with disabilities in India and around the world.

Additional Information

• India concluded their World Para Athletics Championships journey with remarkable achievements, securing a total of 17 medals, including six golds, propelling them to the sixth position in the standings**.**
• Medal tally: China (87), Brazil (42), Uzbekistan (13), Great Britain (12), United States (24), India (17).
• India’s gold medal winners were Mariyappan Thangavelu (Men’s High Jump T63), Sumit Antil (Men’s Javelin Throw F64), Sachin Khilari (Men’s Shot Put F46), Simran Sharma (Women’s 200m T12), Deepthi Jeevanji (Women’s 400m T20), Ekta Bhyana (Women’s Club Throw F51).
• The second place finish, for a silver medal, was attained by: Yogesh Kathuniya (Men’s Discuss Throw F56), Nishad Kumar (Men’s High Jump T47), Rinku (Men’s Javelin Throw F46), Kashish Lakra (Women’s Club Throw F51), Bhagyashri Jadhav (Women’s Shot Put F34).
• The bronze medals went to: Dharambir (Men’s Club Throw F51), Navdeep (Men’s Javelin Throw F41), Ajeet Singh (Men’s Javelin Throw F46), Sandeep (Men’s Javelin Throw F64), Preethi Pal (Women’s 100m T35), Preethi Pal (Women’s 200m T35).

The correct answer is Harinder Sikka

In News

• Author Harinder Sikka, known for "Calling Sehmat," explores themes of human emotion and resilience in his new novel "Gobind."

 Key Points

• Set in Bihar's poverty-stricken backdrop and highlighting the valor of the Indian Navy, the narrative revolves around themes of love, loyalty, and redemption.
• Sikka considers "Gobind" more than just a tale, describing it as a personal literary journey intertwining love, selflessness, and determination.
• The protagonist, Gobind, hails from an impoverished Sikh family in Bihar and is content with his life until his father's words ignite a desire for a better future.
• Joining the Indian Navy, Gobind emerges as a promising figure, but encounters a dilemma when an assignment in Russia introduces him to a woman who challenges his commitments.
• Despite his heroic deeds and loyalty, Gobind grapples with conflicting emotions of duty and desire, navigating the complexities of love and sacrifice.
• Published by Penguin, "Gobind" was recently launched, marking Sikka's continued exploration of poignant themes in his literary works.

The correct answer is Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh

Key Points

• The Godavari River, known as the 'Dakshin Ganga' due to its large size and significance, originates from the Western Ghats near Nasik in Maharashtra.
• From Maharashtra, it flows southeast, passing through the state of Telangana.
• After traversing Telangana, it continues through Andhra Pradesh, eventually reaching the Bay of Bengal.
• The Godavari basin extends over states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha in addition to smaller parts in Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Union territory of Puducherry having a total area of 3,12,812 Sq.km with a maximum length and width of about 995 km and 583 km.
• The river does not flow through Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat as indicated in the other options.
• Hence, the correct sequence of states through which the Godavari flows is Maharashtra, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.

The correct answer is 1 only.

Key PointsEurope's AI convention:

• The Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law was indeed adopted by the Council of Europe (COE). Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The AI convention does not cover military applications of AI as these are exempted under the convention to address national security concerns. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• Background:
• Global governance of AI is becoming more complex with various national approaches, including laws and executive orders.
• No binding global treaty on AI exists currently, and no ongoing negotiations for such a treaty.
• Council of Europe's (COE) AI Convention:
• Adopted the Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law on May 17.
• COE, formed in 1949, has 46 members, including the US.
• The convention links AI governance to human rights, democracy, and the responsible use of AI.
• Will be opened for signature on September 5.
• Framework Convention:
• A legally binding treaty specifying broader commitments and objectives.
• Specific targets are set in subsequent agreements called protocols.
• Provides flexibility while encoding core principles and processes.
• Scope of the Convention:
• Ensures AI activities are consistent with human rights, democracy, and the rule of law.
• Covers AI activities that have the potential to interfere with human rights, democracy, and the rule of law.
• Applies to AI activities by public authorities or private actors acting on their behalf.
• National Security Exemptions:
• Articles 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 provide exemptions for national security, research, development, and testing.
• Military applications of AI are not covered by the convention.
• Exemptions are broad but do not completely rule out the convention's applicability in national security contexts.
• Need for the AI Convention:
• Asserts that existing human and fundamental rights need to be protected during the application of AI systems.
• Obligations are directed towards governments to install effective remedies and procedural safeguards.
• Takes a comprehensive approach to mitigating risks from AI use for human rights and democracy.
• Challenges to implementation are expected due to evolving AI technologies and underdeveloped regulation regimes.

The correct answer is Child Christ.

Key Points

• The term El Nino refers to an irregularly occurring and complex series of climatic changes affecting the equatorial Pacific region and beyond every few years.
• It is characterized by the appearance of unusually warm, nutrient-poor water off northern Peru and Ecuador, typically in late December 1.
• The term “El Nino ” means “the child Christ” in Spanish, because of the occurrence near Christmas.
• El Nino refers to the unusual warming of the central and east-central equatorial Pacific Ocean which affects global weather.
• The warmer waters of the Pacific Ocean cause the winds in various regions to reverse, like the trade winds that come towards India.
• It is a complex weather system that appears once every three to seven years, bringing drought, floods, and other weather extremes to different parts of the world.
• Over India, the El Nino has usually been the harbinger of drought and the La Nina of rain.

Additional Information

• There is also an opposite of an El Nino, called La Nina means The Little Girl in Spanish.
• This refers to times when the waters of the tropical eastern Pacific are colder than normal and trade winds blow more strongly than usual.
• Collectively, El Nino and La Nina are parts of an oscillation in the ocean-atmosphere system called the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, or ENSO cycle.
• There is also an opposite of an El Nino, called La Nina means The Little Girl in Spanish.
• This refers to times when the waters of the tropical eastern Pacific are colder than normal and trade winds blow more strongly than usual.
• Collectively, El Nino and La Nina are parts of an oscillation in the ocean-atmosphere system called the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, or ENSO cycle.

The correct answer is Option 2.

In News

• News: The US quietly shipped long-range ATACMS missiles to Ukraine 

Key PointsATACAMS(The Army Tactical Missile System) missile:

• ATACMS is a conventional surface-to-surface artillery weapon system capable of striking targets well beyond the range of existing Army cannons, rockets, and other missiles.
• It is a long-range, guided missile that gives commanders the immediate firepower to shape the battlespace.
• Ukraine has begun using long-range ballistic missiles secretly provided by the US against invading Russian forces, American officials have confirmed. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• Each ATACMS missile is packaged in a look-alike MLRS launch pod and fired from the MLRS family of launchers.
• ATACMS Specifics:
• Improved guidance package with Global Positioning System
• Carries a WDU18, 500-lb class blast fragmentation warhead
• Maximum range is 300 km
• ATACMS missiles are fired from the HIMARS and MLRS M270 platforms.
• ATACMS and MLRS is a registered trademarks of Lockheed Martin Corporation.

Correct answer: A) Only 1 and 2 are correct

In News

• Statement 1 is correct; the event did take place at Bangdoobi Army Camp in Darjeeling, specifically targeting the resolution of ex-servicemen's issues.
• Statement 2 is correct; it was focused on collecting feedback from ex-servicemen to enhance the effectiveness of existing welfare schemes.
• Statement 3 is incorrect; there is no information indicating that the 'Samadhan Abhiyan' is an annual or nationwide event.

Key Points

• The campaign was held at Bangdoobi Army Camp in Darjeeling, West Bengal.
• A significant number of ex-servicemen from surrounding districts participated, highlighting the campaign’s regional impact.
• It aimed to address and resolve grievances related to pensions and healthcare for ex-servicemen.
• The event facilitated direct interaction between ex-servicemen and Dr. Niten Chandra, Secretary of the Department.
• Feedback collected during the event is intended to enhance the effectiveness of existing welfare schemes for ex-servicemen.

The Correct Answer is ​Anish Kapoor.

In News

• London-based Indian-origin artist Anish Kapoor tops the Hurun India Art List 2024.

Key Points

• Anish Kapoor, a London-based Indian-origin artist, has topped the Hurun India Art List 2024.
• For the sixth consecutive year, London-based Indian origin artist Anish Kapoor has topped the Hurun India Art List of the most successful Indian artists alive, released by the Hurun Research Institute.
• The list ranks the top 50 living Indian artists according to the sales of their works sold at public auctions as of January 1, 2024.
• The top 5 artists from the Hurun India Art List 2024 are:
• Anish Kapoor (₹1,000 crore)
• Subodh Gupta (₹500 crore)
• Jitish Kallat (₹400 crore)
• Atul Dodiya (₹300 crore)
• Bharti Kher (₹250 crore)

The correct answer is Steel.

Key Points

• Steel is an alloy that contains carbon as one of its components.

Additional Information

• Brass is an alloy made of copper and zinc, which are both metals.
• There is no non-metal present in brass.
• Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, which are both metals.
• Like brass, bronze contains no nonmetals.
• Amalgam includes 40–60% silver, 27–30% tin 13–30% copper and 1% zinc set with mercury.
• Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, sometimes with other elements added.
• Carbon is a non-metal, so steel does has a non-metal as one of its components. Hence, the correct answer will be option 4.

Some common mixtures are :

The correct answer is ​Mohammad Iqbal.

Key Points

• The philosopher, poet, and politician Allama Muhammad Iqbal created one of the most enduring patriotic poems of the Urdu language, 'Saare Jahan Se Accha'.
• Known alternatively as 'Tarana-e-Hind', this song was originally a poem written by Muhammad Iqbal.
• It quickly became an anthem of opposition against the British Raj.
• The poem was published in the weekly journal Ittehad on August 16, 1904.
• As Tarana-e-Hindi, the song, 'Saare Jahan Se Accha' was later published in 1924 in the Urdu book Bang-i-Dara.

Important Points

• Muhammad Iqbal was a lecturer at the Government College, Lahore at that time and was invited by a student Lala Har Dayal to preside over a function.
• Instead of delivering a speech, Iqbal sang 'Saare Jahan Se Accha'.
• He is regarded as the spiritual father of Pakistan because it was on the basis of his speech that the two-nation theory was formulated.
• His birthday, Iqbal Day, is observed as a public holiday in Pakistan.

The correct answer is Nilgiri Hills.

Key Points

• The Nilgiri hills are where the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats meet.

Additional Information

• Western Ghats:
• A mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of India.
• Known for its rich biodiversity and numerous endemic species.
• Eastern Ghats:
• A discontinuous range of mountains along India's eastern coast.
• Less continuous and lower in elevation compared to the Western Ghats.
• Nilgiri hills:
• Located at the junction of the Western and Eastern Ghats, forming a unique ecosystem.
• Home to the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, which is part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

The correct answer is Only two.

In News

• News: Russia’s Nuclear Weapons Are Now in Belarus.

Key PointsTactical nuclear weapons and Strategic Nuclear Weapons:

• Tactical nuclear weapons are small nuclear warheads ranging from 1 to 100Kiloton meant to carry out a limited strike in a smaller area. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Strategic nuclear weapons are larger (up to 1,000 kiloton) and are launched from longer range causing greater, large-scale damage. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The atomic bomb the US dropped on Hiroshima in 1945 was 15 kilotons so can be classified as Tactical Nuclear Weapon. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• A tactical nuclear weapon (TNW) or non-strategic nuclear weapon (NSNW) is a nuclear weapon that is designed to be used on a battlefield in military situations, mostly with friendly forces in proximity and perhaps even on contested friendly territory.
• Generally smaller in explosive power, they are defined in contrast to strategic nuclear weapons, which are designed mostly to be targeted at the enemy interior far away from the war front against military bases, cities, towns, arms industries, and other hardened or larger-area targets to damage the enemy's ability to wage war.
• As of 2024, tactical nuclear weapons have never been used.
• A strategic nuclear weapon (SNW) refers to a nuclear weapon that is designed to be used on targets often in settled territory far from the battlefield as part of a strategic plan, such as military bases, military command centers, arms industries, transportation, economic, and energy infrastructure, and heavily populated areas such as cities and towns, which often contain such targets.

The correct answer is Option 4

Key Points Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO):

• The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security.
• Its motto is “let there be bread”.
• It was founded in October 1945.
• FAO has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union.
• It is headquartered in Rome, Italy, and maintains regional and field offices around the world. Hence option 4 is correct

Additional Information 

• FAO has pledged itself to three main aims:
• ​to raise the levels of nutrition and the standards of living of their people;
• to improve the production and distribution of all food and agricultural products;
• to improve the condition of the rural population.
• Reports published by FAO:
• The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World
• State of the World's Forests.
• World Food Day is celebrated every year on 16th October to mark the anniversary of the founding of the FAO in 1945.
• Its sister bodies are the World Food Programme and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).

The correct answer is A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II.

The correct answer is France

Key Points

• The first Winter Olympic Games, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were held in Chamonix, France.
• The Games were held every four years from 1924 to 1936, interrupted in 1940 and 1944 by World War II, and resumed in 1948.
• Five main sports Bobsleigh, Curling, Ice Hockey, Nordic skiing, and Skating are played in Winter Olympics.
• The 2026 Winter Olympics will be hosted by Italy.
• The Winter Olympic Games have been hosted on three continents by thirteen countries.
• The USA has hosted the Winter Olympics four times in 1932, 1960, 1980, and 2002.

Additional Information

• Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894.
• The first modern Summer Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece in 1896.
• The ancient Olympic Games were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD.
• Japan was the host nation of the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo,
• The Summer Olympics 2024 is organized in Paris.
• The last Summer Olympics was organized in Tokyo, Japan.
• Organizers of the 2024 Paris Olympics unveiled “Games Wide Open” as their official slogan on 25 July 2022.
• Having previously hosted in 1900 and 1924, Paris will be hosting the Summer Olympics third time in 2024.
• The 2024 Summer Olympics are scheduled to take place from July 26 to August 11, 2024.
• Athletes will compete in a total of 329 events in 32 sports.
• Norway was at the top in the medal tally in the 2022 Winter Olympics.

The correct answer is Serve as a dedicated mental health assistance helpline

In News

• The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and the Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed an MoU to set up a special Tele MANAS cell at the Armed Forces Medical College in Pune.

Key Points

• This dedicated Tele MANAS cell will serve as a mental health assistance helpline for all Armed Forces beneficiaries across the country.
• The pilot project will run for two years, focusing on addressing the unique mental health needs of Armed Forces personnel and their families.
• The MoU was signed by Ms. Aradhna Patnaik, AS & MD of MoHFW, and Lt General Daljit Singh, Director General of Armed Forces Medical Services.
• The Tele-MANAS Helpline has received over 10 lakh calls since its launch in October 2022, averaging 3,500 calls per day.
• There are currently 51 operational Tele MANAS cells across all States and Union Territories, offering services in 20 different languages.
• The dedicated Tele MANAS cell was inaugurated on December 1, 2023, by Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan.
• Tele MANAS is an extension of the District Mental Health Programme (DMHP), providing 24/7 tele-mental health services via a toll-free number, 14416.
• The initiative aims to ensure comprehensive and inclusive mental health support for Armed Forces personnel and their families.

The correct option is 4, i.e Elephantiasis.

• According to a WHO Handout released recently, Cholera, Malaria, and Smallpox form part of the "Epidemics" around the world.
• So, we conclude that Elephantiasis is not an epidemic disease because it doesn't spread from person to person.
• It is also known as lymphatic filariasis.
• It is caused by parasitic worms.
• The disease is common in tropical and subtropical parts of the world.
• Cholera is caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae.
• Malaria is caused by the mosquitoes carrying Plasmodium parasite.
• Smallpox is caused by a virus called the variola virus.

Given:

2 men can complete the work in 18 days.

6 women can complete the work in 6 days.

Formula used:

Work = Number of workers × Time

Total Work = Work done by 1 man/day × Number of men × Time

Total Work = Work done by 1 woman/day × Number of women × Time

Calculations:

Let the work done by 1 man in 1 day be M, and the work done by 1 woman in 1 day be W.

Total Work = Work done by 2 men in 18 days:

⇒ Total Work = 2 × M × 18 = 36M

Total Work = Work done by 6 women in 6 days:

⇒ Total Work = 6 × W × 6 = 36W

Since the work is the same:

⇒ 36M = 36W

⇒ M = W

Now, Total Work = 36M (or 36W).

Work done by 3 women and 6 men in 1 day:

⇒ Work/day = (3 × W) + (6 × M)

⇒ Work/day = (3 × M) + (6 × M) (since M = W)

⇒ Work/day = 9M

Time taken to complete the work:

⇒ Time = Total Work ÷ Work/day

⇒ Time = 36M ÷ 9M = 4 days

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Shortcut Trick 

Efficiency of 2 Men = 2 units/day ⇒ 1 Man = 1 unit/day

Efficiency of 6 Women = 6 units/day ⇒ 1 Woman = 1 unit/day

Efficiency of 6 Men + 3 Women = (6 × 1) + (3 × 1) = 6 + 3 = 9 units/day

Total Work = 36 units

Time = 36 ÷ 9 = 4 days

Given Proportions:

1. 7 : 63 :: 6.2 : x

2. 2 : 6 :: 9 : y

Calculations:

Find the value of x.

For the first proportion, the product of the extremes equals the product of the means.

⇒ 7 × x = 63 × 6.2

⇒ x = (63 × 6.2) / 7

⇒ x = 55.8

Find the value of y.

For the second proportion, the product of the extremes equals the product of the means.

⇒ 2 × y = 6 × 9

⇒ y = 54 / 2

⇒ y = 27

Find the ratio of x to y.

⇒ Ratio = x : y = 55.8 : 27

⇒ To simplify, remove the decimal by multiplying both sides by 10: 558 : 270

⇒ Simplify the ratio by dividing both numbers by their Highest Common Factor, which is 18.

⇒ 558 ÷ 18 = 31

⇒ 270 ÷ 18 = 15

∴ The ratio of x to y is 31 : 15.

Given:

$\sqrt{(5+\sqrt{(11+\sqrt{(19+\sqrt{(29+\sqrt{(49)})})})})}$

Formula used:

Sequentially evaluate the square roots from the innermost term.

Calculation:

⇒ $\sqrt{49}$ = 7

⇒ $\sqrt{(29+7)}$ = $\sqrt{36}$ = 6

⇒ $\sqrt{(19+6)}$ = $\sqrt{25}$ = 5

⇒ $\sqrt{(11+5)}$ = $\sqrt{16}$ = 4

⇒ $\sqrt{(5+4)}$ = $\sqrt{9}$ = 3

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Given:

Initial Population = 110000

First Year Increase = 10%

Second Year Increase = 20%

Formula used:

Population after n years = Initial Population × (1 + Rate₁) × (1 + Rate₂)

Calculations:

Population after 2 years = 110000 × (1 + 10/100) × (1 + 20/100)

⇒ Population after 2 years = 110000 × 1.1 × 1.2

⇒ Population after 2 years = 110000 × 1.32

⇒ Population after 2 years = 145200

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Given:

The price of an article was increased by x%. Later the new price was decreased by x%.

Latest price = ₹1

Calculation:

Let the original price be P. After increasing by x%, the price becomes:

P × (1 + x/100)

After decreasing by x%, the new price becomes:

P × (1 + x/100) × (1 - x/100)

We are given that the latest price = ₹1, so:

P × (1 + x/100) × (1 - x/100) = 1

⇒ P × (1 - x²/100²) = 1

⇒ P = 1 / (1 - x²/100²)

⇒ P = 100² / (100² - x²)

⇒ P = ₹(10000) / ((100 + x)(100 - x))

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Let the distance be d km.

We know that,

Distance = Speed x Time

$\Rightarrow ;\frac{d}{8} + \frac{d}{{12}} = 15$

$\Rightarrow ;\frac{{3d + 2d}}{{24}} = 15$

⇒ d = 72 km

Shortcut Trick

Relative speed (opposite direction) = Sum of individual speeds = Total distance ÷ Time taken.

Total Distance = 152.5 + 157.5 = 310 m

Combined Speed = 310 ÷ 9.3 = 100 ÷ 3 m/s

Convert to km/hr = (100 ÷ 3) × (18 ÷ 5) = 120 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 120 km/hr.

Alternate Method

Train 1: 152.5 m

V₁

Train 2: 157.5 m

V₂

Total Distance = 152.5 + 157.5 = 310 m

Time taken to cross = 9.3 s

Given:

Length of the first train (L₁) = 152.5 m

Length of the second train (L₂) = 157.5 m

Time taken to cross each other (T) = 9.3 seconds

Formula Used:

When two objects move in opposite directions, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds.

Relative Speed = Total Distance ÷ Time

Total Distance = L₁ + L₂

Speed in km/hr = Speed in m/s × (18 ÷ 5)

Calculation:

⇒ Total Distance = 152.5 + 157.5

⇒ Total Distance = 310 m

⇒ Combined Speed (m/s) = 310 ÷ 9.3

⇒ Combined Speed (m/s) = 3100 ÷ 93 = 100 ÷ 3 m/s

⇒ Combined Speed in km/hr = (100 ÷ 3) × (18 ÷ 5)

⇒ Combined Speed in km/hr = 20 × 6 = 120 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 120 km/hr.

Additional Information

Relative Speed in Opposite Directions

When two bodies travel in opposite directions, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds: S_relative = S₁ + S₂.

Relative Speed in Same Direction

When two bodies travel in the same direction, their relative speed is the difference of their individual speeds: S_relative = |S₁ − S₂|.

Speed Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/hr to m/s, multiply by (5 ÷ 18). To convert speed from m/s to km/hr, multiply by (18 ÷ 5).

Trains Crossing a Stationary Object

When a train crosses a point-sized object (like a pole or man), the distance covered equals the length of the train. If it crosses a platform or bridge, the distance is the length of the train plus the length of the object.

Concept used:

Calculation:

Given expression is {(9) - (-8) + (24 ÷ 13 - 7)}

⇒ {9 + 8 + (24 ÷ 13 - 7)}

⇒ {17 + (24/13 - 7)}

⇒ {17 + (-67/13)}

⇒ {17 - 67/13}

⇒ 154/13

Given:

Sum of five numbers = 655

Average of the first two numbers = 78

Third number = 127

Formula used:

Average = Total Sum / Number of elements

Calculations:

⇒ Sum of the first two numbers = 78 × 2 = 156

Sum of the first three numbers = Sum of first two numbers + Third number

⇒ Sum of the first three numbers = 156 + 127 = 283

Sum of the remaining two numbers = Total Sum - Sum of the first three numbers

⇒ Sum of the remaining two numbers = 655 - 283 = 372

Average of the remaining two numbers = Sum of the remaining two numbers / 2

⇒ Average of the remaining two numbers = 372 / 2 = 186

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Given:

Selling price of an article is 2,28,528.

Calculation:

Let the cost price of the article be Rs. x

According to question,

⇒ x × (115 / 100) × (90 / 100) = 2,28,528

⇒ x = 228528 × (100 / 90) × (100 / 115)

⇒ x =  2,20,800

The cost price of the article is 2,20,800

Shortcut Trick

We know, 15% → $\frac{3}{20}$

Let's assume that the CP is 20,

Then, MP is 15% more than CP so, MP = 23

A discount of 10% is given, so SP = $23 \times \frac{90}{100} = 20.7$ 

According to the question,

⇒ 20.7 unit → 228528

⇒ 20 unit → $\frac{228528}{20.7} \times 20 = 220800$

Given:

The average age of three boys is 22 years.

The ratio of their ages is 6 : 9 : 7

Concept used:

Total age = Average age × Number of Boys

Calculation:

The average age of three boys = 22

Total Age of three boys = 66 years

Let the ages of three boys be 6a, 9a, and 7a respectively.

Then,

⇒ 6a + 9a + 7a = 66

⇒ 22a = 66

⇒ a = 3

Age of youngest boy = 3 × 6

⇒ 18 years.

∴ The age of the youngest boy is 18 years.

Given:

One angle of a right-angled triangle = 35º

Sum of angles in a triangle = 180º

Right angle = 90º

Formula used:

Sum of the angles of a triangle = 180º

Other angle = 180º - (90º + 35º)

Calculations:

⇒ Other angle = 180º - (90º + 35º)

⇒ Other angle = 180º - 125º

⇒ Other angle = 55º

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Given:

HCF = 12

LCM = 72

One number = 24

Formula used:

Product of two numbers = HCF × LCM

Second number = Product of two numbers ÷ First number

Average of two numbers = (First number + Second number) ÷ 2

Calculations:

Product of two numbers = 12 × 72 = 864

Second number = 864 ÷ 24 = 36

Average = (24 + 36) ÷ 2

⇒ Average = 60 ÷ 2 = 30

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

Given:

Length of train = 320 m

Speed of man = 9.4 km/h

Time taken to cross the man = 24 seconds

Formula used:

Distance = Relative Speed × Time

Relative speed (opposite direction) = Train speed + Man speed

Calculation:

Relative speed = (320 ÷ 24) × (18/5) km/h = 48 km/h

Man's speed = 9.4 km/h

⇒ Train speed = 48 − 9.4 = 38.6 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 38.6 km/h

Given:

Area = 31096 m²

Length (l) = Breadth (b) + 15

Calculations:

Set up the equation using the area formula.

Formula: Area = Length × Breadth

⇒ 31096 = (b + 15) × b

⇒ 31096 = b² + 15b

⇒ b² + 15b - 31096 = 0

 Solve the quadratic equation for 'b'.

We can solve this by finding two numbers whose product is -31096 and whose difference is 15. The numbers are 184 and -169.

⇒ (b + 184)(b - 169) = 0

This gives two possible values for b: b = -184 or b = 169.

Since the breadth cannot be negative, we take the positive value.

∴ The breadth of the rectangular fenced area is 169 m.

Given:

Distance = 126 km

Anirudh takes 5 hours more than Burhan.

If Anirudh doubles his speed, he takes 4 hours less than Burhan.

Formula Used:

Time = $\frac{Distance}{Speed}$

Calculations:

Let Anirudh's original speed be A km/hr.

Let Burhan's speed be B km/hr.

Time taken by Anirudh = $\frac{126}{A}$ hours

Time taken by Burhan = $\frac{126}{B}$ hours

According to the first condition:

$\frac{126}{A}$ = $\frac{126}{B}$ + 5 (Equation 1)

According to the second condition, if Anirudh doubles his speed (2A):

$\frac{126}{2A}$ = $\frac{126}{B}$ - 4 (Equation 2)

Subtract Equation 2 from Equation 1:

⇒ $\frac{126}{A}$ - $\frac{126}{2A}$ = ($\frac{126}{B}$ + 5) - ($\frac{126}{B}$ - 4)

⇒ $\frac{126}{A}$ - $\frac{63}{A}$ = 5 + 4

⇒ $\frac{126-63}{A}$ = 9

⇒ $\frac{63}{A}$ = 9

⇒ A = $\frac{63}{9}$

⇒ A = 7 km/hr

∴ Anirudh's speed is 7 km/hr.

Given:

Initial salary = ₹100 (assuming 100 for simplicity)

Reduction = 28%

Increase = 20%

Formula used:

Final salary = Initial salary × (1 - Reduction%) × (1 + Increase%)

Percentage decrease = ((Initial salary - Final salary) / Initial salary) × 100

Calculations:

Final salary = 100 × (1 - 28/100) × (1 + 20/100)

⇒ Final salary = 100 × 0.72 × 1.2

⇒ Final salary = ₹86.4

Percentage decrease = ((100 - 86.4) / 100) × 100

⇒ Percentage decrease = (13.6 / 100) × 100

⇒ Percentage decrease = 13.6%

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Given:

Out of two numbers, 65% of the smaller number is equal to 45% of the larger

number. If the sum of two numbers is 2574

Calculation:

Let the smaller number be ‘x’ and the larger number be ‘y’

From the problem, it is given that

65%x = 45%y

⇒ 13x = 9y

⇒ x = (9/13)y    ----(1)

Given the sum of the numbers = 2574

⇒ (x + y) = 2574     ----(2)

Substituting the value of ‘x’ from Equation 1 in Equation 2, we get

(9/13)y + y = 2574

⇒ (9y + 13y) = 2574 × 13

⇒ 22y = (2574 × 13)

⇒ y = (2574 × 13)/22 = 1521

∴ Value of the larger number is 1521

Given:

Speed for the first part of the journey = 28 kmph

Time for the first part = 2.5 hours

Speed for the second part = 28 + 28 = 56 kmph

Time for the second part = 1 hour

Formula used:

Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time

Calculation:

Distance covered in the first part = Speed × Time

⇒ Distance₁ = 28 × 2.5 = 70 km

Distance covered in the second part = Speed × Time

⇒ Distance₂ = 56 × 1 = 56 km

Total Distance = Distance₁ + Distance₂

⇒ Total Distance = 70 + 56 = 126 km

Total Time = Time for the first part + Time for the second part

⇒ Total Time = 2.5 + 1 = 3.5 hours

Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time

⇒ Average Speed = 126 / 3.5

⇒ Average Speed = 36 kmph

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Given:

Time taken by P and Q together = 36 hours

Time taken by P alone = 48 hours

Calculations:

⇒ Total Capacity = LCM of (36, 48) = 144 units

Calculate the individual efficiencies (units filled per hour).

⇒ Efficiency of (P + Q) = 144 ÷ 36 = 4 units/hour

⇒ Efficiency of P = 144 ÷ 48 = 3 units/hour

Calculate the efficiency of Q alone.

⇒ Efficiency of Q = Efficiency of (P + Q) - Efficiency of P

⇒ Efficiency of Q = 4 - 3 = 1 unit/hour

Calculate one-fourth of the cistern's capacity.

⇒ One-fourth capacity = 144 ÷ 4 = 36 units

Calculate the time Q alone will take to fill one-fourth of the cistern.

⇒ Time = (One-fourth capacity) ÷ (Efficiency of Q)

⇒ Time = 36 ÷ 1 = 36 hours

∴ Q alone will fill one-fourth of the same cistern with water in 36 hours.

The logic followed here is:

'FIVE' is written as '12184410'

And,

FOUR is written as '12304236'

Similarly,

'THREE' is written as

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

After rearranging the jumbled letters:

Option (1):

REVAIGD → RIGVEDA → Name of the Veda

Option (2):

DEAVAAMS → SAMAVEDA → Name of the Veda

Option (3):

NATSUDNIH → HINDUSTAN → Name of the Country

Option (4):

JAUVRAEDY → YAJURVEDA → Name of the Veda

All except HINDUSTAN are name of the VEDAS.

Whereas,

HINDUSTAN is name of the Country.

Hence, the correct answer is "NATSUDNIH".

BODMAS Rule:

According to the given question:

Given equation : 7 + 3 - 6 ÷ 4 × 4 = ?

Now if '+' and '-' are interchanged with '-' and '+' respectively, and '×' and '÷' are interchanged with '÷' and '×' respectively, then:

⇒ 7 - 3 + 6 × 4 ÷ 4 = ?

⇒ 7 - 3 + 24 ÷ 4 = ?

⇒ 7 - 3 + 6 = ?

⇒ 4 + 6 = ?

⇒ 10 = ?

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbol:

Possible tree diagram will be

Hence, D is the wife of F.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: The second word is a policy or initiative closely associated with the first word.

Here,

Gandhi : Nonviolence → Nonviolence is a policy famously associated with Gandhi.

Similarly,

Modi : ? → Digital India is a policy closely associated with Modi.

Hence, the correct answer is "Digital India".

Explanation of other options:

Digital India: This is a government initiative led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi aimed at improving online infrastructure and increasing internet connectivity across India. It fits well as it is a prominent policy of his administration.

Oil Import: While India does import oil, this is not specifically associated with Modi or his unique policies.

Nonalignment: This refers to India's historical foreign policy stance initiated during Nehru's era, not specifically related to Modi.

Coal Mining: Although coal mining is significant in India, it is not as closely associated with Modi's personal policies as Digital India.

The logic followed here is:

So, 110419 will come next in the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

Speaking to A, B said, "You are my paternal grandfather's only daughter-in-law's only daughter"

As it can be seen that "A" is the sister of "B".

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2 : Sister".

GNIVENE is written as EVENING

TIGNH is written as NIGHT

RMINGON is written as MORNING

MESRUM is written as SUMMER

All the above are different times in a day except SUMMER.

Hence, “MESRUM” is the correct answer.

If in a code language "PLAYER" is written as "AELPRY"

arrange PLAYER in alphabetical order first vowel then consonant arranged.

So PLAYER is written as AELPRY.

Similarly, 

"MANAGER" arranges alphabetical order first vowel then consonant arranged.

"MANAGER" will be written as "AAEGMNR"

Hence, "AAEGMNR" is the correct answer.

In figure (X), one of the dots lies in the region which is common to all the three figures and the other dot lies in the region common to the circle and pentagon only.

Only figure (D) consists of these types of regions.

Hence, 'figure (D)' is the correct answer.

In figure (X), one of the dots lies in the region which is common to all the three figures and the other dot lies in the region common to the hexagon and one of the quadrilaterals only.

Only figure (A) consists of these types of regions.

Hence, 'figure (A)' is the correct answer.