AFCAT 10th Aug 2024 (Shift 2) Memory Based Paper. (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is A, D, B, C.

Key Points

• The correct sentence would be: "No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form without the written permission of the publisher of the book."
• This sentence is stating that it is not allowed to reproduce, store, or transmit any part of the publication without the written permission of the publisher.
• It emphasizes the importance of obtaining permission before using any part of the publication.
• Thus, option 3 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 2 only. 

In News

• The Indian Navy is set to commission its first squadron of MH-60R Seahawk helicopters, equipped with advanced capabilities, on March 6, 2024.

Key Points

• The squadron, designated as INAS 334, will be based in Kochi, enhancing India's maritime prowess.
• Lockheed Martin has developed this helicopter.
• The MH-60R Seahawk helicopters are armed with Hellfire missiles, MK-54 torpedoes, and precision-kill rockets, among other weapons.
• These helicopters are designed for anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, search and rescue, medical evacuation, and vertical replenishment missions.
• The procurement of MH-60R Seahawk helicopters is part of a contract worth Rs 15,157 crore ($2.13 billion) with the US, signed in February 2020.
• The Navy has already inducted six of the 24 MH-60R choppers acquired under this contract.
• The MH-60R Seahawk helicopters are equipped with multi-mode radars and night-vision devices for enhanced operational capabilities.
• These helicopters have undergone rigorous testing in Indian conditions and have been fully integrated into the fleet to operate from various naval platforms.
• The induction of MH-60R Seahawk helicopters is crucial for the Navy, as it currently faces challenges with its aging fleet of anti-submarine warfare helicopters.
• The advanced capabilities of MH-60R Seahawk helicopters will strengthen India's maritime security and operational reach in the Indian Ocean Region.

Given:

Amount (A) = ₹5040

Rate of Interest (R) = 10% per annum

Time (T) = 2 years

Formula used:

A = P + SI

Where, SI = (P x R x T) / 100

Calculation:

5040 = P + SI

⇒ SI = (P x 10 x 2) / 100

⇒ SI = 0.2P

⇒ 5040 = P + 0.2P

⇒ 5040 = 1.2P

⇒ P = 5040 / 1.2 = ₹4200

Now, find SI for 2 years:

SI = (P x R x T) / 100

⇒ SI = (4200 x 10 x 2) / 100

⇒ SI = 840

∴ The simple interest (SI) is ₹840, and the correct answer is option (1).

The logic followed is:

The difference between the 1^st and 2^nd letters are 3.

The 2^nd and 3^rd numbers are opposite to each other.

1^st and 4^th numbers are opposite to each other.

Hence, the odd one is RUFJ.

Shortcut to remember the reverse positional letters.

Here the correct answer is QPRS.

Key Points

• In this arrangement, the sentence starts with the introduction of the problems of collective action being popularized. This provides the context for the subsequent parts.
• Q. "The problems of collective action were popularized by the"
• P. "American political economist Mancur Olson, who wrote in 1965"
• These two parts go together as they establish who popularized the problems of collective action and when it happened. Mancur Olson, an American political economist, is mentioned as the individual responsible for bringing attention to these problems through his writing in 1965.
• R. "that coercion or some other device must be present in order"
• S. "for a group of individuals to act in their common interest"
• The last two parts connect to form a logical explanation. It states that in order for a group of individuals to act in their common interest, coercion or some other mechanism is necessary. This concludes the sentence by providing a solution or conclusion related to the problems of collective action.
• By following the order QPRS, the sentence maintains a logical flow by introducing the problem, establishing the authority, and providing an explanation or solution.
  

Correct Arrangement: The problems of collective action were popularized by the American political economist Mancur Olson, who wrote in 1965 that coercion or some other device must be present in order for a group of individuals to act in their common interest.

The correct answer is Diamond.

Key Points

• Diamonds 
• It is a homogeneous, naturally occurring, solid, and generally inorganic substance with definable chemical composition and an orderly internal arrangement of atoms.
• Diamonds originate under extremely high pressure 150 km deep in the upper mantle.
• Pure carbon is compressed into the diamond structure.
• Diamond comprises the lowest mass element that can form a stable covalently bonded crystal lattice, and this lattice is highly symmetric and tightly bound.
• Diamond is probably the most well-known carbon allotrope.
• The carbon atoms are arranged in a lattice, which is a variation of the face-centered cubic crystal structure.
• It has superlative physical qualities, most of which originate from the strong covalent bonding between its atoms.
• Each carbon atom in a diamond is covalently bonded to four other carbons in a tetrahedron.
• These tetrahedrons together form a three-dimensional network of six-membered carbon rings in the chair conformation, allowing for zero bond-angle strain. Hence, Option 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Graphene
• It is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in one plane; layers of graphene make up graphite.
• Graphene is a material of interest due to its high electron mobility and its possible applications in electronics.
• Fullerenes
• It is a class of carbon allotropes in which carbon takes the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube.
• This class of materials includes carbon nanotubes, buckyballs, and the newly discovered nanobuds.
• Carbon black
• It is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products such as FCC tar, coal tar, ethylene cracking tar, or vegetable matter.
• Carbon black is a form of paracrystalline carbon that has a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, albeit lower than that of activated carbon.

Given:

Selling Price (SP) = ₹115

Loss = 45%

Gain = 32%

Formula Used:

Cost Price (CP) = $SP / (1 - Loss/100)$

New Selling Price (New SP) = $CP × (1 + Gain/100)$

Calculations:

CP = $115 / (1 - 45/100)$

⇒ CP = $115 / 0.55$

⇒ CP = ₹209.09

New SP = $209.09 × (1 + 32/100)$

⇒ New SP = $209.09 × 1.32$

⇒ New SP = ₹276

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

SIUMC is written as MUSIC

TIRUAG is written as GUITAR

LNIOVI is written as VIOLIN

IOAPN is written as PIANO

All the above are musical instruments except MUSIC.

Hence, SIUMC is the odd one among the given options.

Here the correct answer is QRSP.

Key Points

• Q. "After the initial development of glacial conditions, the Earth" - This part sets the context by stating that after the initial formation of glacial conditions, the Earth went through changes.
• R. "system alternated between two modes, one of cold" - This part explains that the Earth's system had two modes that alternated. One of the modes was characterized by cold conditions.
• S. "temperatures and growing glaciers and the other of" - This part describes one of the modes in the alternating pattern.
• P. "relatively warm temperatures and retreating glaciers" - This part describes the other system. It mentions relatively warm temperatures and retreating glaciers occurring during one phase.
• The correct order, therefore, is QRSP, which forms a coherent sentence explaining the alternating modes of the Earth's system after the initial development of glacial conditions.

Explanation:

The correct answer is the Mediterranean Sea.

Key Points

Strait of Gibraltar:

• It separates Europe and Africa.
• It connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean.
• It is an important gap, averaging 1200 feet in depth in the arc formed by the Atlas Mountains of North Africa and the high plateau of Spain.
• The Winds in the strait tend to be either easterly or westerly.
• Shallow cold-air masses invading the western Mediterranean from the north, often stream through as a low level.
• The high-speed easterly wind is known locally as a Levanter.
• The strait of Gibraltar is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Gibraltar and Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa.

Given:

The ages of Himani and Pushpraj are in the ratio of 9:5.

After 5 years, their age ratio will be 7:4.

Calculation:

Let present ages of Himani and Pushpraj be 9x and 5x respectively.

After 5 years, their ages will be (9x + 5) and (5x + 5).

(9x + 5)/(5x + 5) = 7/4

⇒ 4(9x + 5) = 7(5x + 5)

⇒ 36x + 20 = 35x + 35

⇒ x = 15

Present ages:

Himani’s age = 9x = 9 x 15 = 135

Pushpraj’s age = 5x = 5 x 15 = 75

Difference in their present ages = 135 - 75 = 60

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Six people - Riya, Aryan, Neha, Maya, Kamal and Geeta

1) Aryan is sitting fourth to the left of Kamal.

2. Riya is an immediate neighbour of Aryan.

3. Neha is sitting second to the right of Geeta.

4. Maya is not sitting just next to Riya.

Thus, case I gets eliminated and we have the final arrangement as follows:

Hence, Maya is sitting fifth to the left of Geeta.

The correct answer is 'The officer sternly warned them not to dare do that again, or they would face the consequences.'

 Key Points

• The sentence in the Direct Speech is in the form of a command or order. Also, a future consequence is stated in the expression "or you'll face the consequences".
• Therefore, when converting to Indirect Speech, both the command and the consequence should be appropriately transformed to maintain the tense shift which aligns with the rule in English grammar that always necessitates a shift in the tense when converting from direct to indirect speech.
• The rule for this conversion is: Imperative sentences (Order/Command + Object) are reported with infinitive structure - verbs followed by "not to" for negatives and "to" for positives, for example with "warned them not to dare do that again".
• Also, the future form "will" should be converted to its past form "would" in the sentence "would face the consequences".
• Hence, "Don't you dare do that again" becomes "warned them not to dare do that again", and "you'll face the consequences" becomes "they would face the consequences".

Therefore, the correct answer is - 'Option 3'.

 Additional Information

• The problem with Option 1 is the incorrect conversion of "Don't you dare do that again". The correct structure when reporting a negative command is "warned them not to", not "warned that they shouldn't".
• Option 2 wrongly interprets the imperative statement as past tense with "didn't dare do that again", which deviates from the original meaning.
• Option 4 omits the indirect object "them" after "warned", which makes the sentence more ambiguous and less clear.

The correct answer is Hockey.

Key Points

• A number of different types of foul may be punished in a game of hockey. 
• Backsticks- This is awarded against a player who strikes the ball with the rounded back of the hockey stick.
• Obstruction- This is awarded against a hockey player who uses their body or stick to prevent an opponent from reaching the ball.
• Third-party obstruction- This is awarded when a hockey player positions themselves between the ball and an opponent, allowing a team-mate an unobstructed play on the ball.
• Advancing- This is awarded against a player who shoves, pushes, or advances the ball in any way, using any part of their body.
• Hockey stick interference- This is awarded against a player who uses their stick to hit an opponent’s stick, either intentionally or unintentionally.
• Undercutting- This is awarded against a player who lifts the ball in a dangerous manner.
• Sticks- This is awarded against a player who raises their stick dangerously near another player.

Additional Information

• Hockey players can only hit the ball with the flat side of their stick.
• Hence Against the player who hits the ball using the flat side of the stick is NOT considered as a type of foul in the game of hockey.

Given:

Cost of first tea = ₹80/kg

Cost of second tea = ₹120/kg

Cost of mixture = ₹100/kg

Formula used:

Let the ratio of first tea to second tea be x:y.

Using the rule of allegation:

Ratio = (Cost of second tea - Cost of mixture) : (Cost of mixture - Cost of first tea)

Calculation:

Ratio = (₹120 - ₹100) : (₹100 - ₹80)

⇒ Ratio = ₹20 : ₹20

⇒ Ratio = 1:1

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Quantity of Tea A to Tea B = 20 : 20 = 1 : 1

Hence, "option 4" is correct choice.

The correct answer is: He said that I must not speak to anyone.

Key Points

• If must not and need not are given in direct speech,these phrases will not be changed in indirect speech.
• Must not and need not are not changed while changing the speech.
• Example:- The teacher said, "You must not go outside when it's raining."

                                  The teacher said that I must not go outside when it's raining.

• Similarly, in this question,while changing the sentence from the direct speech to indirect speech ,the given phrases will not be changed.
• So, the correct answer is option no.(2)

Therefore, the correct statement is: He said that I must not speak to anyone.

The correct answer is Submarines.

In News 

• The sixth and last of the French Scorpene-class submarines, INS Vagsheer, was launched into water at the Mazagon Docks in Mumbai

Key Points 

• The six submarines were being built under Project-75 by the Mazagon Docks under technology transfer from the Naval Group as part of a $3.75-billion deal signed in October 2005: 
• INS Kalvari was commissioned in December 2017;
• INS Khanderi in September 2019;
• INS Vagir in November 2020;
• INS Karanj in March 2021; and
• INS Vela in November 2021.
• P 75 is one of two lines of submarines, the other being P75I, as part of a plan approved in 1999 for indigenous submarine construction with technology taken from overseas firms.

Shortcut Trick

For equal amounts at Compound Interest, the ratio of shares P₁ / P₂ = (1 + R/100)^{t₂ − t₁}.

Pravin's Share / Rishi's Share = (1 + 4/100)^{15 − 14} = 1.04 = 26/25.

Ratio of Pravin's share to Rishi's share = 26 : 25.

Rishi's Share = (25 / 51) × 1224 = ₹600.

∴ The correct answer is ₹600.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total amount Nitin has = ₹1224

Rate of interest (R) = 4% compounded annually

Time for Pravin (n₁) = 14 years

Time for Rishi (n₂) = 15 years

Total = ₹1224

Pravin Share = P Time = 14 years

Rishi Share = R Time = 15 years

A1 = A2

Formula Used:

Amount in Compound Interest, A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ

Calculation:

⇒ Let Pravin's share be P and Rishi's share be R.

⇒ Amount received by Pravin = P × (1 + 4/100)¹⁴

⇒ Amount received by Rishi = R × (1 + 4/100)¹⁵

⇒ Since both amounts are equal:

⇒ P × (1 + 4/100)¹⁴ = R × (1 + 4/100)¹⁵

⇒ P = R × (1 + 4/100)¹

⇒ P = R × (1 + 1/25)

⇒ P/R = 26/25

⇒ Total ratio units = 26 + 25 = 51 units

⇒ 51 units = ₹1224

⇒ 1 unit = 1224 ÷ 51 = 24

⇒ Rishi's share (R) = 25 units = 25 × 24 = 600

∴ The correct answer is ₹600.

Additional Information

Ratio of Principals for Equal Amounts

When a sum is divided into two parts invested at the same compound interest rate for different time periods such that their amounts are equal, the ratio of the principal amounts is inversely proportional to their respective multiplying factors raised to their time periods.

Compound Interest Multiplying Factor

The multiplying factor for compound interest is (1 + R/100). The amount after n years is the principal multiplied by this factor raised to the power n.

Rule of 72

A quick mental math shortcut to estimate the number of years required to double your money at a given annual rate of return: Years ≈ 72 ÷ Rate.

Bonus and Dividend are different from each other. But both these are parts of profit.

So, option 2 is the solution.

The correct answer is "It is time for the tea to be taken."

 Key Points

• The sentence is in active voice with the subject "it" and the verb "to take."
• To convert it into passive voice, we need to make the object (tea) the subject and use the passive form of the verb "to take" (be taken).
• Structure:
• It is time to + V1 + Object. (Active Voice)
• It is time for + Object + to be V3. (Passive Voice)
• Example:
• It is time to play cricket. (Active Voice)
• It is time for cricket to be played. (Passive Voice)
• The correct answer is Option 1.
  

Correct sentence: It is time for the tea to be taken.

The Correct Answer is Nutrient.

Additional Information

• Nutrient: It is defined as any food constituent or group of food constituents of the same general composition that aids in the support of animal life.
• There are six classes of nutrients that are essential to every living animal for survival
• Water
• Protein
• Carbohydrates
• Fats/Lipids
• Vitamins
• Minerals

Shortcut Trick

Total sum of Kiran, Mahesh and Ram = 46 × 3 = 138 kg

Total sum of Kiran and Mahesh = 40 × 2 = 80 kg

Total sum of Mahesh and Ram = 47 × 2 = 94 kg

Weight of Mahesh = (Sum of first two) + (Sum of last two) − (Total Sum)

⇒ 80 + 94 − 138 = 174 − 138 = 36 kg

∴ The correct answer is 36 kg.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average weight of Kiran, Mahesh and Ram = 46 kg

Average weight of Kiran and Mahesh = 40 kg

Average weight of Mahesh and Ram = 47 kg

Formula Used:

Total Value = Average × Number of Persons

Total Weight (K + M + R) = 138 kg

Kiran (K)

Mahesh (M)

Ram (R)

K + M = 80 kg

M + R = 94 kg

Calculations:

Let the weights of Kiran, Mahesh, and Ram be K, M, and R respectively.

⇒ Total weight of all three (K + M + R) = 46 × 3 = 138 kg

⇒ Total weight of Kiran and Mahesh (K + M) = 40 × 2 = 80 kg

⇒ Total weight of Mahesh and Ram (M + R) = 47 × 2 = 94 kg

Adding the sums of the two pairs:

⇒ (K + M) + (M + R) = 80 + 94

⇒ K + 2M + R = 174 kg

To find the weight of Mahesh (M), we subtract the total weight from this overlapping sum:

⇒ M = (K + 2M + R) − (K + M + R)

⇒ M = 174 − 138

⇒ M = 36 kg

∴ The correct answer is 36 kg.

Additional Information

Overlapping Averages

When averages of intersecting sub-groups are given, the common overlapping entity can easily be found by adding the totals of the sub-groups and subtracting the grand total of the entire group.

Inclusion of a New Member

If a new member joins a group and the overall average increases, the new member's value is greater than the previous average. The trick formula is: New Value = Old Average + (Change in Average × New Total Members).

Replacement Method

When an existing member is replaced by a new one, the difference in their values directly impacts the total sum. The shortcut formula is: Value of New Member = Value of Old Member + (Change in Average × Total Members).

Family Chart :

Family Tree :

Here, W is Wife, S is Son and D is Daughter.

Total number of males in the family:

Father: 1

Son : 16

Total number of males = 1 + 16 = 17.

Hence, there are 17 male members in the family.

The correct answer is: "Nelson Mandela is known to everybody."

Key Points

• Active Voice Structure: Subject + Verb + Object
• Passive Voice Structure: Object of the Active Sentence + To Be Verb + Past Participle of the Main Verb + By + Subject of the Active Sentence
• In passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
• The verb 'knows' is changed to 'is known' in the passive voice.
• The subject 'everybody' becomes the object in the passive voice.
• "Known to" is often used when emphasizing awareness or recognition.
• It implies that someone or something is recognized or familiar to a particular group or the public in general.
• Therefore, the sentence in passive voice is "Nelson Mandela is known to everybody."

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is Harilal J. Kania.

Key Points

• Harilal Jekisundas Kania was the first Chief Justice of India.
• He was the Chief Justice of India from 1950 to 1951.
• He read the oath of chief justice of India to Dr Rajendra Prasad(India's first President).
• H. J. Kania served as acting editor of the Indian Law Reports.
• Mandakolathur Patanjali Sastri was the second Chief Justice of India.
• Justice Mehr Chand Mahajan was the third Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India.
• Sudhi Ranjan Das (S.R. Das) was the 5th Chief Justice of India.

Additional Information

• The current Chief Justice of India is Sanjiv Khanna(Upto May, 2025).

Shortcut Trick

Males = 192,000 and Total Population = 384,000, so Females = 192,000, giving a Male to Female ratio of 1 : 1.

For groups with equal ratio, the overall percentage is the simple average of their individual percentages.

⇒ (Male Literacy % + Female Literacy %) ÷ 2 = Overall Literacy %

⇒ (53% + Female Literacy %) ÷ 2 = 69%

⇒ Female Literacy % = 138% − 53% = 85%

∴ The correct answer is 85%.

Alternate Method

Total Population: 384,000 (69% Literate)

Males 192,000

53% Literate

Females 192,000

? % Literate

Given:

Total population = 384,000

Number of males = 192,000

Overall literacy rate = 69%

Male literacy rate = 53%

Formula Used:

Number of females = Total population − Number of males

Percentage = (Part value ÷ Total value) × 100

Calculations:

⇒ Number of females = 384,000 − 192,000 = 192,000

⇒ Total literate population = (69 ÷ 100) × 384,000 = 264,960

⇒ Total literate males = (53 ÷ 100) × 192,000 = 101,760

⇒ Total literate females = Total literate population − Total literate males

⇒ Total literate females = 264,960 − 101,760 = 163,200

⇒ Percentage of literate females = (163,200 ÷ 192,000) × 100

⇒ Percentage of literate females = 85%

∴ The correct answer is 85%.

Additional Information

Weighted Average in Percentages

If two groups have quantities N₁ and N₂ with percentages P₁ and P₂, the overall percentage is P = (N₁×P₁ + N₂×P₂) ÷ (N₁ + N₂).

Mixture and Alligation Trick

This problem can also be solved using the alligation ratio: Ratio of Males to Females = (Overall % − Female %) : (Male % − Overall %). Plugging in the values gives 1 : 1 = (69 − x) : (69 − 53), which mathematically simplifies to x = 85%.

Base Independence Rule

When dealing strictly with ratios and percentages in exam scenarios, absolute large numbers like 384,000 are often decoys. Realising the male to female ratio is simply 1:1 enables solving the problem directly using the average formula without computing actual absolute values.

The logic followed is :

Middle number = (Sum of bottom numbers) ÷ Top number

In first figure,

Middle number = (76 + 104) ÷ 12

= 180 ÷ 12

= 15

In second figure,

Middle number = (89 + 41) ÷ 10

= 130 ÷ 10

= 13

Similarly, in third figure,

Middle number = (63 + 87) ÷ 10

= 150 ÷ 10

= 15

Hence, the correct answer is "15".

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Key Points

• The word "reticent" refers to someone who is reserved, introverted, or speaks less in a forum or in public settings. (संकोची)
• Example: He was reticent about discussing his personal life in front of strangers.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Correct Sentence*: She was a reticent speaker who preferred to observe rather than engage in discussions.*

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Eccentric" (अजीब) refers to someone who behaves in unusual or odd ways, not related to speaking less.
• Example: The eccentric artist wore mismatched clothes every day.
• Option 2: "Loquacious" (बातूनी) means talkative, which is the opposite of speaking less.
• Example: She was so loquacious that she dominated every conversation.
• Option 3: "Gabby" (बातूनी) also means talkative or overly chatty, which again does not fit the context.
• Example: The gabby student never stopped talking during class.

Dharmapala was the only Pala ruler to capture and control Kanauj for a while.

 Key Points

• Dharmapala was the second ruler of the Pala Empire of Bengal region in the Indian subcontinent.
• He was the son and successor of Gopala, the founder of the Pala Dynasty.
• He greatly expanded the boundaries of the empire and made the Palas a dominant power in northern and eastern India.
• Dharmapala captured Kannauj in the 8th century and placed his vassal Chakrayudha on the throne.
• He became the most powerful ruler in North India and declared himself Uttarapathasvamin ("Lord of Northern India").
• The other two options, Devapala and Gopala, were not able to capture and control Kanauj.
• Devapala was the third ruler of the Pala Empire, and he ruled from 810 to 850 CE.
• He was a powerful ruler, but he was unable to capture Kannauj from the Gurjara-Pratiharas.
• Gopala was the founder of the Pala Empire, and he ruled from 750 to 770 CE.
• He was not able to capture Kannauj either.

​Therefore, the only Pala ruler to capture and control Kanauj for a while was Dharmapala.

Shortcut Trick

Direct formula for Principal (P) when 2-year Simple Interest (SI) and Compound Interest (CI) are given:

P = (SI ÷ 2)² ÷ (CI − SI)

Substitute the given values (SI = 40, CI = 56):

P = (40 ÷ 2)² ÷ (56 − 40)

P = (20)² ÷ 16 = 400 ÷ 16 = 25

∴ The correct answer is ₹25.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time (T) = 2 years, SI = ₹40, CI = ₹56

Formula Used:

SI for 1 year = Total SI ÷ 2

CI for 2 years = Total SI + Interest on 1st year's SI

Principal (P)

1st Yr SI = ₹20

2nd Yr SI = ₹20

CI - SI = ₹16

Rate (R) Rate (R) Rate (R) on ₹20

Total SI = 20 + 20 = ₹40 | Total CI = 20 + 20 + 16 = ₹56

Calculation:

⇒ SI for 1st year = 40 ÷ 2 = ₹20

⇒ Difference (CI − SI) = 56 − 40 = ₹16

⇒ This difference is simply the interest earned on the 1st year's SI.

⇒ Rate of Interest (R) = (16 ÷ 20) × 100 = 80%

⇒ We know that, SI for 1 year = (P × R × 1) ÷ 100

⇒ 20 = (P × 80) ÷ 100

⇒ P = (20 × 100) ÷ 80

⇒ P = 2000 ÷ 80 = ₹25

∴ The correct answer is ₹25.

Additional Information

Difference Between CI and SI for 2 Years

The difference between Compound Interest and Simple Interest for 2 years can be directly found using: D = P × (R ÷ 100)²

Difference Between CI and SI for 3 Years

The difference between Compound Interest and Simple Interest for 3 years is given by: D = P × (R ÷ 100)² × (3 + R ÷ 100)

Ratio of CI and SI for 2 Years

For the same principal and rate of interest over 2 years, the ratio of CI to SI is expressed as: CI ÷ SI = 1 + (R ÷ 200)

The pattern followed here is,

(3 × 3) + (4 × 2) = 17

(2 × 6) + (3 × 1) = 15

(2 × 8) + (3 × 2) = 22

Same pattern will be followed for 22%25 = ?

(2 × 2) + (2 × 5) = 14

Hence, answer is 14.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• The word "Decade" refers to a period of ten years, which is the correct one-word substitute in the given context.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Explanation: A decade is commonly used to represent ten years, as in "The 1990s were an iconic decade."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Century" would represent one hundred years, so it is not suitable for this question.
• Option 3: "Biennium" is a period of two years, which does not fit.
• Option 4: "Lustrum" is a term used for five years, which is also incorrect.

The correct answer is China.

• The renminbi is the official currency of the People's Republic of China and one of the world's reserve currencies.

Additional Information

Given:

Expression to solve: [(14 ÷ 2) × {(14)/(7) + (40)/(3) × (7-4)}]

Formula Used:

Follow the BODMAS rule: Brackets → Orders → Division → Multiplication → Addition → Subtraction

Calculation:

\(\left[(14 \div 2) × \left{\frac{14}{7} + \frac{40}{3} × (7-4)\right}\right]\)

⇒ \(\left[(7) × \left{2+ \frac{40}{3} × 3\right}\right]\)

⇒ \(\left[(7) × \left{2+ 40\right}\right]\)

⇒ 7 × 42

⇒ 294

The value of the expression is 294.

Drawing the diagram according to the given information,

Hence, T is in South West with respect to Z.

Mistake PointsT is not in the straight line with Y. 

T is diagonally West of Y, which means T is in the South-West of Y.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'magnificient'.

• The correct spelling would be 'magnificent'.
• The word 'magnificent' is an adjective which means 'impressively beautiful, elaborate, or extravagant'. (भव्य)
• For Example -
• She gave a magnificent performance at the concert.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'magnificent'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Megnificent - This is a misspelling of 'magnificent'.
• Magnifiecient - This is an incorrect formation and also a misspelling of 'magnificent'.
• Megnifiecent - This is a misspelling, combining parts of incorrect forms of the word 'magnificent'.

The correct answer is Rain Water.

Key Points

• Rainwater is considered the purest form of water.
• Impurities and salts present in water on earth are left behind during vaporisation by the sun.
• However, the rainwater we receive on earth is not necessarily pure, as it brings down impurities and particles present in the atmosphere
• Rainwater is considered to be the purest form of natural water as it is directly coming from the condensation of water droplets.
• In the presence of the sun, the water evaporates from the seas, oceans, and rivers (from all the natural open resources of water) leaving behind all the impurities and forming the cloud.
• A new scientific study concluded that the world's purest water can be found in the freshwaters of Puerto Williams in southern Chile.
• The healthiest type of water is technically hydrogen water because of the potential health benefits of the antioxidants it contains.

Additional Information

• Water Cycle:
• ​Water is a cyclic resource. It can be used and re-used.
• Water also undergoes a cycle from the ocean to land and land to the ocean.
• The hydrological cycle describes the movement of water on, in, and above the earth.
• The water cycle has been working for billions of years and all the life on earth depends on it.
• Next to air, water is the most important element required for the existence of life on earth.
• The hydrological cycle is the circulation of water within the earth’s hydrosphere in different forms i.e. the liquid, solid, and gaseous phases.
• It also refers to the continuous exchange of water between the oceans, atmosphere, land surface and subsurface, and organisms.

Shortcut Trick

In a continued proportion, consecutive terms are multiplied by a constant ratio.

Common ratio = Second term ÷ First term = 6 ÷ 3 = 2

Fourth term b = Third term × common ratio

⇒ b = 12 × 2 = 24

∴ The correct answer is 24.

Alternate Method

Given:

Four numbers 3, 6, 12, and b are in continued proportion.

Concept Used:

For terms a, b, c, d in continued proportion, the ratio between consecutive terms is equal: a / b = b / c = c / d

3

× 2

6

× 2

12

× 2

b = 24

Continued Proportion Ratio = 2

Calculation:

⇒ 3 / 6 = 6 / 12 = 12 / b

⇒ 1 / 2 = 1 / 2 = 12 / b

Equating the last terms and cross-multiplying:

⇒ 1 / 2 = 12 / b

⇒ b = 12 × 2

⇒ b = 24

∴ The correct answer is 24.

Additional Information

Continued Proportion

When quantities are in continued proportion, the ratio between consecutive terms remains exactly the same. i.e., a / b = b / c = c / d.

Mean Proportional

For two numbers a and b, their mean proportional x satisfies a / x = x / b, which directly gives x = √(a × b).

Third Proportional

If a and b are two numbers, the third proportional c satisfies a / b = b / c, which can be solved as c = b² ÷ a.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Synonym Relationship.

Here,

Withdraw : Extract → Withdraw and Extract are synonyms, meaning to take out or remove.

Similarly,

Exploit : Utilise → Exploit and Utilise are synonyms, meaning to make use of something effectively.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "maintanance" is incorrect. The correct spelling is "maintenance". (रखरखाव)
• Example: The maintenance of the building is carried out every month.
• "Maintenance" refers to the process of preserving a condition or situation or the state of being preserved. (रखरखाव)
• Example: Regular maintenance of machinery is crucial for its long-term functionality.
• Hence, we can infer that the correct spelling of the word is "maintenance".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Maintnance (गलत वर्तनी): This is an incorrect spelling of "maintenance".
• Example: The word "maintnance" does not exist in English.
• Maintainance (गलत वर्तनी): This is an incorrect spelling of "maintenance".
• Example: The word "maintainance" is incorrect.
• Maintainence (गलत वर्तनी): This is an incorrect spelling of "maintenance".
• Example: The word "maintainence" is not spelled correctly.

The correct answer is Central America.

Key Points

• Panama Canal is located in Central America.
• Panama Canal connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
• The Panama Canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is a water passage across the isthmus of Panama where it proved a vital component of expanding global trade routes in the 20th century.
• The Panama Canal was opened in 1914 after the startup of its creation by France in 1881and later on handed over to the US in 1904.
• The canal consists of artificial lakes, several improved and artificial channels, and three sets of locks as well as an additional artificial lake, Alajuela Lake (known during the American era as Madden Lake) which acts as a reservoir for the canal.
• It decreases the distance to go all around South America and anyone can go directly through this canal.

Shortcut Trick

Using the given options to satisfy the time equation is the fastest method.

Total Time = Distance Downstream ÷ (u + 6) + Distance Upstream ÷ (u − 6) = 7

Checking Option 2 (15 km/h):

Time = 56 ÷ (15 + 6) + 39 ÷ (15 − 6) = 56 ÷ 21 + 39 ÷ 9

⇒ Time = 8/3 + 13/3 = 21/3 = 7 hours (Matches the given time).

∴ The correct answer is 15 km/h.

Alternate Method

Downstream: 56 km | Speed = (u + 6) km/h

Upstream: 39 km | Speed = (u − 6) km/h

Total Time = 7 hours

Given:

Speed of stream (v) = 6 km/h

Total time taken (T) = 7 hours

Distance downstream = 56 km

Distance upstream = 39 km

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculation:

Let the speed of the boat in still water be u km/h.

Speed downstream = (u + 6) km/h

Speed upstream = (u − 6) km/h

⇒ 56 / (u + 6) + 39 / (u − 6) = 7

⇒ 56(u − 6) + 39(u + 6) = 7(u + 6)(u − 6)

⇒ 56u − 336 + 39u + 234 = 7(u² − 36)

⇒ 95u − 102 = 7u² − 252

⇒ 7u² − 95u − 150 = 0

Factorizing the quadratic equation:

⇒ 7u² − 105u + 10u − 150 = 0

⇒ 7u(u − 15) + 10(u − 15) = 0

⇒ (7u + 10)(u − 15) = 0

⇒ u = 15 or u = −10/7

Since speed cannot be negative, u = 15 km/h.

∴ The correct answer is 15 km/h.

Additional Information

Downstream Speed

When a boat travels in the direction of the stream, the effective speed is the sum of the boat's speed in still water and the stream's speed (u + v).

Upstream Speed

When a boat travels against the direction of the stream, the effective speed is the difference between the boat's speed in still water and the stream's speed (u − v).

Speed of Boat in Still Water

If downstream speed (D) and upstream speed (U) are given, then Speed of Boat = (D + U) ÷ 2.

Speed of Stream

If downstream speed (D) and upstream speed (U) are given, then Speed of Stream = (D − U) ÷ 2.

The pattern followed is,

(3 × 2) + 8 = 14

(4 × 3) + 7 = 19

(5 × 4) + 6 = 26

(6 × 5) + 5 = 35

Similarly

(7 × 6) + 4 = 46

Hence, ’46’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'falling'.

Key Points

• The context of the passage indicates a scene where snow can be observed through the window.
• Snow often "falls," making “falling snow” the most appropriate and natural phrase to describe the scene.
• Other options such as “dashing,” “praying,” and “blazing” do not fit the context of snow and are not commonly used to describe snow.
• Using “falling” accurately depicts the typical motion and behavior of snowflakes.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: He looks out of the window at the (1) falling snow, then turns and takes his wife in his arms, feeling grateful to be here even as he wonders what he is going to do with his life in strictly practical terms. For years, he had (2) devoted himself to do one thing, and he did it well, but he doesn't know whether he wants to keep doing it for the rest of his life, for that matter, whether anyone will let him. He is still worrying when they go to bed.

They've been learning to get by with less, and they'll keep learning. It seems to him as if they're taking a course in loss lately. And as he feels himself falling asleep he has an (3) insight he believes is important, which he hopes he will remember in the morning, although it is one of those thoughts that seldom (4) survives translation to the language of daylight hours.

Additional Information

• “Falling” (गिरती) : Correct as it describes the natural action of snowflakes.
• “Dashing” (तेज़ भागना): Incorrect as it does not relate to the usual behavior of snow.
• “Praying” (प्रार्थना कर रही): Incorrect as it does not fit the description of snow.
• “Blazing” (धधकते): Incorrect as it is typically used to describe fire or intense light, not snow.

The Correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

Key Points

• Wood's Dispatch of 1854, also known as the Magna Carta of Indian education, was a significant policy statement and educational reform proposed by Sir Charles Wood, who was the President of the Board of Control in the British East India Company.
• This dispatch had a profound impact on the development of education in India during the colonial period.
• The dispatch recognized the importance of female education and proposed measures to encourage the education of girls. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• It recommended English as the medium of instruction for higher studies. Wood's Dispatch emphasized the importance of promoting education in vernacular languages to reach a wider audience.
• It recognized the need to provide education in languages spoken by the local population rather than imposing English. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• Wood's Dispatch stressed the need for training teachers and improving the quality of education. It recommended the establishment of teacher training institutions.

Shortcut Trick

Total work = LCM(28, 35) = 140 units.

Efficiency: P = 5, Q = 4. Combined work in 2 days (1 cycle) = 9 units.

15 full cycles (30 days) work = 15 × 9 = 135 units.

Remaining 5 units will be done by P on the 31st day in exactly 1 day.

Total time = 30 + 1 = 31 days.

∴ The correct answer is 31 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by P to complete the work = 28 days

Time taken by Q to complete the work = 35 days

P begins the work, and they work on alternate days.

Concept Used:

Total Work = Efficiency × Time

Total Work = LCM of given days

Calculations:

⇒ Work done in 1st day by P = 5 units

⇒ Work done in 2nd day by Q = 4 units

⇒ Total work done in 2 days = 5 + 4 = 9 units

⇒ Number of such complete 2-day cycles possible for 140 units = 140 ÷ 9 = 15 cycles

⇒ Work done in 15 cycles (15 × 2 = 30 days) = 15 × 9 = 135 units

⇒ Remaining work = 140 − 135 = 5 units

⇒ On the 31st day, it is P's turn again. P can do 5 units of work per day.

⇒ Time taken by P to complete the remaining 5 units = 5 ÷ 5 = 1 day

⇒ Total time taken to complete the whole work = 30 + 1 = 31 days

∴ The correct answer is 31 days.

Additional Information

Alternate Day Work Concept

When workers operate on alternate days, their combined work over the full cycle (e.g., 2 days for 2 workers) is calculated first. Always evaluate the remainder carefully to check whose turn it is next to finish the remaining fractional work.

Pipes & Cisterns Analogy

Similar to alternate work, pipes functioning on alternate hours use the exact same LCM table format. If an outlet pipe is involved, its efficiency is strictly taken as negative while calculating the cycle capacity.

Work & Wages

Wages are always distributed in the ratio of the actual total work done by each person. If workers work together for the exact same number of days, their wages can be directly distributed in the ratio of their efficiencies.

In figure (X), one of the dots lies in the region common to the circle and the triangle only, one dot lies in the region common to circle, triangle and rectangle and one dot lies in the region common to both the circles and rectangle. Only figure (E) consists of all the types of regions.

Hence, figure (E) is the correct one.

The correct answer is 'trained'.

Key Points

• The context of the passage indicates that the subject has spent years developing a specific skill set.
• “Trained” is the most appropriate choice as it implies dedication and effort in learning to do one thing well.
• Other options like “mesmerised,” “penalised,” and “abstained” do not fit the context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: He looks out of the window at the (1) falling snow, then turns and takes his wife in his arms, feeling grateful to be here even as he wonders what he is going to do with his life in strictly practical terms. For years, he had (2) trained himself to do one thing, and he did it well, but he doesn't know whether he wants to keep doing it for the rest of his life, for that matter, whether anyone will let him. He is still worrying when they go to bed.

They've been learning to get by with less, and they'll keep learning. It seems to him as if they're taking a course in loss lately. And as he feels himself falling asleep he has an (3) insight he believes is important, which he hopes he will remember in the morning, although it is one of those thoughts that seldom (4) survives translation to the language of daylight hours.

Additional Information

• “Trained” (प्रशिक्षित) : Correct as it fits the context of dedicating oneself to learning a skill.
• “Mesmerised” (मंत्रमुग्ध): Incorrect as it means to be captivated and does not fit the context.
• “Penalised” (दंडित): Incorrect as it means to be punished and does not fit the context.
• “Abstained” (परहेज): Incorrect as it means to deliberately avoid something and does not fit the context.

The correct answer is 1 and 2.

Key PointsTraining Objectives of Vajra Prahar

• Statement 1: Focuses on high-altitude warfare.
• The Vajra Prahar exercise is a joint military training exercise between India and the United States.
• One of the primary focuses of this exercise is to train soldiers in high-altitude warfare, which involves operations in mountainous terrains.
• This training is crucial for both nations, especially considering the challenging terrains where potential conflicts could arise. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Statement 2: Includes waterborne insertion methods.
• Waterborne insertion methods refer to techniques used to deploy troops via water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, or coastal areas.
• Vajra Prahar includes training on these methods to enhance the versatility and operational capabilities of the participating forces.
• This ensures that the troops are well-prepared for amphibious operations. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Statement 3: Designed to enhance cyber defense skills.
• While cyber defense skills are crucial in modern warfare, Vajra Prahar primarily focuses on physical combat training, including high-altitude warfare and waterborne operations.
• The exercise does not specifically aim to enhance cyber defense skills as a primary objective.
• Other specialized exercises or programs are typically designed to address cyber defense capabilities. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Additional Information

• Vajra Prahar Exercise
• Vajra Prahar is an annual joint military exercise conducted between the special forces of India and the United States.
• The exercise aims to enhance interoperability, share best practices, and build mutual confidence between the two nations' armed forces.
• It involves rigorous training in various combat scenarios, including counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, and high-altitude warfare.
• High-Altitude Warfare
• High-altitude warfare refers to military operations conducted in mountainous regions, typically above 8,000 feet.
• This type of warfare requires specialized training due to the challenging terrain, extreme weather conditions, and reduced oxygen levels.
• India, with its extensive mountainous borders, especially in the Himalayas, places significant emphasis on high-altitude warfare training.
• Waterborne Insertion Methods
• These methods are used to deploy troops from water bodies to land, often involving small boats, amphibious vehicles, or swimming.
• Such techniques are crucial for operations in coastal regions, riverine environments, and during amphibious assaults.
• The training ensures that forces can effectively execute missions that require crossing or operating in water bodies.

Shortcut Trick

When equal distances are covered at two different speeds x and y, the Average Speed = (2 × x × y) ÷ (x + y).

Here, the going speed x = 3 km/hr and returning speed y = 15 km/hr.

Average Speed = (2 × 3 × 15) ÷ (3 + 15)

Average Speed = 90 ÷ 18 = 5 km/hr.

∴ The correct answer is 5 km/hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed from Surat to Jaipur (v₁) = 3 km/hr

Speed from Jaipur to Surat (v₂) = 15 km/hr

Let the one-way distance between Surat and Jaipur be D km.

Surat

Jaipur

Distance = D

Speed = 3 km/hr

Speed = 15 km/hr

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Calculations:

⇒ Total Distance = D (Surat to Jaipur) + D (Jaipur to Surat) = 2D

⇒ Time taken to reach Jaipur (t₁) = D ÷ 3

⇒ Time taken to return to Surat (t₂) = D ÷ 15

⇒ Total Time = (D ÷ 3) + (D ÷ 15)

⇒ Taking LCM of 3 and 15, Total Time = (5D + D) ÷ 15

⇒ Total Time = 6D ÷ 15 = 2D ÷ 5

⇒ Average Speed = 2D ÷ (2D ÷ 5)

⇒ Average Speed = (2D × 5) ÷ 2D = 5 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 5 km/hr.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Different Distances

When unequal distances d₁, d₂, d₃ are covered at variable speeds, the core formula remains: Average Speed = (d₁ + d₂ + d₃) ÷ (t₁ + t₂ + t₃).

Average Speed for 3 Equal Distances

If three equal distances are covered sequentially at speeds x, y and z, Average Speed = (3 × x × y × z) ÷ (xy + yz + zx).

Relative Speed

If two bodies move in the same direction, Relative Speed = |x − y|. If they move towards each other in opposite directions, Relative Speed = x + y.

In figure (X), one of the dots lies in the region common to the rectangle, pentagon and circle, one dot lies in the region of circle and triangle only and the other dot lies in the region of pentagon only. Only figure (E) consists of all the types of regions.

Hence, figure (E) is the correct one.

The correct answer is 'insight'.

Key Points

• The context of the passage highlights a moment of reflection and realization that the character experiences as he falls asleep.
• “Insight” is the most appropriate choice because it refers to a clear understanding of a complex situation or a deep perception that the character is experiencing.
• Other options like “implication,” “insurance,” and “instance” do not fit the context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: He looks out of the window at the (1) falling snow, then turns and takes his wife in his arms, feeling grateful to be here even as he wonders what he is going to do with his life in strictly practical terms. For years, he had (2) trained himself to do one thing, and he did it well, but he doesn't know whether he wants to keep doing it for the rest of his life, for that matter, whether anyone will let him. He is still worrying when they go to bed.

They've been learning to get by with less, and they'll keep learning. It seems to him as if they're taking a course in loss lately. And as he feels himself falling asleep he has an (3) insight he believes is important, which he hopes he will remember in the morning, although it is one of those thoughts that seldom (4) survives translation to the language of daylight hours.

Additional Information

• “Insight” (अंतर्दृष्टि) : Correct as it implies a deep understanding or realization.
• “Implication” (निहितार्थ) : Incorrect as it refers to a conclusion drawn from something but lacks the reflective element.
• “Insurance” (बीमा) : Incorrect as it refers to financial protection and is unrelated to the context.
• “Instance” (उदाहरण) : Incorrect as it means an example or occurrence and does not convey a deep realization.

The  correct answer is 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b.

In News

• Taiwan Athletics Open: India bagged 7 Medals including 3 Gold, 3 Silver, One Bronze.

Key Points

• Correct Matches:
• Nayana James - c. Gold in Women's Long Jump
• Ankesh Choudhary - d. Gold in Men's 800 metres
• Somnath Chouhan - a. Silver in Men's 800 metres
• Dev Meena - b. Silver in Men's Pole Vault
• Nayana James - Gold in Women's Long Jump:
• Achieved a jump of 6.43 meters.
• Competed against Sumire Hata (silver) and Yu Jeongmi (bronze).
• Demonstrated exceptional skill in the long jump event.
• Represents a significant achievement in her athletic career.
• Highlighted India’s strength in field events.
• Contributed to India’s overall medal tally at the event.
• Ankesh Choudhary - Gold in Men's 800 metres:
• Clocked 1 minute 50.63 seconds.
• Competed closely with compatriot Somnath Chouhan.
• Demonstrated superior endurance and speed.
• Significant personal and national achievement.
• Showcased India’s potential in middle-distance running.
• Enhanced India’s standing in international athletics.
• Somnath Chouhan - Silver in Men's 800 metres:
• Clocked 1 minute 50.88 seconds.
• Finished just behind Ankesh Choudhary.
• Contributed to India’s medal tally with a strong performance.
• Demonstrated excellent racing tactics and speed.
• Showed the depth of talent in Indian middle-distance running.
• Reinforced India's competitive presence in athletics.
• Dev Meena - Silver in Men's Pole Vault:
• Achieved a leap of 5.10 meters.
• Lost the gold due to having more fouls than the gold medalist, Yong Fu Huang.
• Highlighted India’s talent in technical field events.
• Contributed significantly to India’s medal count.
• Displayed consistency and skill in pole vaulting.
• Promised potential for future improvements and successes.

Shortcut Trick

Difference in Principal = ₹9400 − ₹5400 = ₹4000

Difference in Simple Interest for 6 years = ₹480

Interest difference for 1 year = 480 ÷ 6 = ₹80

Rate of interest (R) = (80 ÷ 4000) × 100 = 2%

∴ The correct answer is 2%.

Alternate Method

Mohan P = ₹5400 Time = 6 yrs

Varun P = ₹9400 Time = 6 yrs

SI Difference = ₹480

Given:

Mohan's investment (P₁) = ₹5400

Varun's investment (P₂) = ₹9400

Time (T) = 6 years

Let the rate of interest be R% per annum.

Difference in simple interest = ₹480

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculation:

⇒ SI of Varun − SI of Mohan = 480

⇒ [(9400 × R × 6) ÷ 100] − [(5400 × R × 6) ÷ 100] = 480

⇒ [(9400 − 5400) × R × 6] ÷ 100 = 480

⇒ [4000 × R × 6] ÷ 100 = 480

⇒ 40 × 6 × R = 480

⇒ 240 × R = 480

⇒ R = 480 ÷ 240

⇒ R = 2%

∴ The correct answer is 2%.

Additional Information

Simple Interest (SI) Formula

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100, where P is Principal, R is Rate of Interest, and T is Time period.

Difference in Simple Interest

When the rate (R) and time (T) are the same, the difference in simple interest depends entirely on the difference in the principals: ΔSI = (ΔP × R × T) ÷ 100.

Amount Formula

Total Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI) = P × [1 + (R × T) ÷ 100].

In figure (X), one of the dots lies in the region common to the both the circles and rectangle, one of the dot lies in the region common to circle, hexagon and rectangle and the other dot lies in the region of hexagon only. Only figure (D) consists of all the types of regions.

Hence, figure (D) is the correct one.

The correct answer is ''survive'.

Key Points

• The context of the passage suggests the character has a realization as he falls asleep, but he is uncertain if he will remember this realization in the morning.
• “Survive” is the most appropriate choice because it implies the realization must endure through the transition from night to day.
• Other options like “proliferate,” “install,” and “fabricate” do not fit the context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Passage: He looks out of the window at the (1) falling snow, then turns and takes his wife in his arms, feeling grateful to be here even as he wonders what he is going to do with his life in strictly practical terms. For years, he had (2) trained himself to do one thing, and he did it well, but he doesn't know whether he wants to keep doing it for the rest of his life, for that matter, whether anyone will let him. He is still worrying when they go to bed.

They've been learning to get by with less, and they'll keep learning. It seems to him as if they're taking a course in loss lately. And as he feels himself falling asleep he has an (3) insight he believes is important, which he hopes he will remember in the morning, although it is one of those thoughts that seldom (4) survive translation to the language of daylight hours.

Additional Information

• “Survive” (बच पाना) : Correct as it fits the context of enduring through the night.
• “Proliferate” (फैलना): Incorrect as it means to increase rapidly and doesn't fit the context.
• “Install” (स्थापित करना): Incorrect as it means to set up something, unrelated to thoughts.
• “Fabricate” (गढ़ना): Incorrect as it means to invent and is not suitable for the context of a fleeting thought.

The correct answer is DURGA-2.

In News

• The laser weapon being developed by DRDO is named DURGA-2 (Directionally Unrestricted Ray Gun Array).

Key Points

• It is designed to neutralize aerial threats such as drones, ballistic missiles, and fighter aircraft.
• DURGA-2 represents India's advancement in laser weapon technology and its potential to revolutionize warfare.
• DRDO has achieved an advanced stage in testing a real prototype of DURGA-2.
• The weapon system aims to provide a highly effective and cost-efficient defense mechanism against aerial attacks.
• DURGA-2 is anticipated to be integrated with land, sea, and air-based platforms for comprehensive defense capabilities.

Shortcut Trick

Cost of 100 chickooes = ₹1250 ⇒ Cost Price (CP) of 400 chickooes = ₹5000

Total Selling Price (SP) of 400 chickooes = CP + Profit = 5000 + 800 = ₹5800

Selling Price of 1 dozen = (5800 ÷ 400) × 12 = 14.5 × 12 = ₹174

∴ The correct answer is ₹174.

Alternate Method

Given:

Quantity bought = 400 chickooes

Cost Price per hundred = ₹1250

Total Profit = ₹800

Formula Used:

Total Selling Price (SP) = Total Cost Price (CP) + Profit

Selling Price per dozen = (Total SP ÷ Total Quantity) × 12

CP = ₹5000

Profit = ₹800

SP = CP + Profit = ₹5800

Profit & Loss for 400 Chickooes

SP per dozen = (5800 ÷ 400) × 12 = ₹174

Calculations:

⇒ Total CP for 400 chickooes = 4 × 1250 = ₹5000

⇒ Total SP for 400 chickooes = 5000 + 800 = ₹5800

⇒ Selling Price of 1 chickoo = 5800 ÷ 400 = ₹14.5

⇒ Selling Price of 1 dozen (12 chickooes) = 14.5 × 12 = ₹174

∴ The correct answer is ₹174.

Additional Information

Profit & Loss Percentage

Profit or loss percentage is always calculated on the Cost Price (CP). Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100.

Marked Price & Discount

Discount is always applied on the Marked Price (MP). The Selling Price is obtained as SP = MP − Discount.

Unitary Method

When items are priced in bulk, find the price of a single unit (Total Price ÷ Total Quantity) before calculating the price of the desired subset (like a dozen).

The diagram is given below,

As we know that in the evening the sun is always in the west and a friend's shadow falling in the right of him i.e., Harsha's face was toward the North initially.

Hence, North is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The young man explained that he had come to the same shop in casual dress that morning and received little attention.
• His pride was hurt, and he wanted to make a point about the indifferent treatment he received when he was casually dressed.
• He explicitly stated that he came in good dress only to get decent treatment, not for purchasing any textiles.

Therefore, the young man left without making purchases because he had come only to make a point about the indifferent attitude of the salesmen towards casually dressed customers.

Correct Answer: 2. By dissolving carbon in liquid metal at ambient pressure and a lower temperature.

In News

• Korean scientists developed a superfast method for producing diamonds.

Key Points

• Detailed Process: The Korean scientists used a novel method involving a cocktail of gallium, iron, nickel, and silicon placed in a graphite crucible, into which methane was pumped at 1,175°C.
• Ambient Pressure: This method works at ambient pressure, significantly different from the traditional high-pressure methods.
• Speed: They succeeded in growing diamonds within 15 minutes, a substantial reduction compared to the 12 days required by the conventional HPHT method.
• No Seed Particles: Unlike traditional methods that require seed particles, this method did not use any.
• Temperature Gradient: Diamonds formed at the center where a slight temperature gradient existed, facilitating the rapid accumulation of carbon atoms.
• Verification: The diamonds' purity and structure were verified using Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction.
• Incorrect Options:
• Option 1: Incorrect because it refers to using the traditional HPHT method, which is not the novel approach described.
• Option 3: Incorrect as it involves seed particles and extended duration, whereas the new method is faster and does not use seed particles.
• Option 4: Incorrect as it refers to applying extreme pressure and rapid cooling, which is not the method the Korean scientists used.

Additional Information

• Significance: This method could revolutionize the diamond manufacturing industry by reducing production time and eliminating the need for high-pressure environments.
• Historical Context: Traditionally, synthetic diamonds are produced using the HPHT method developed by GE in 1955, which is time-consuming and limited in scale.
• Future Potential: The research suggests that tweaking the cocktail of metals and refining the process could further improve diamond quality and production efficiency.
• Economic Impact: Faster and more efficient diamond production could lower costs and make lab-grown diamonds more competitive with natural diamonds.
• Research Implications: The findings open new avenues for material science research and potential applications in other fields requiring rapid crystal formation.

Given:

Printed Price of the Fan = ₹2,000

First Discount = 20%

Second Discount = 10%

Formula used:

Effective Price after Discount = Original Price × (1 - Discount Rate/100)

Calculation:

Price after the discount

⇒ Price after first discount = ₹2,000 × (1 - 20/100) × (1 - 10/100)

⇒ ₹2,000 × 0.8 × 0.9

⇒ Price after second discount = ₹1,440

The man paid ₹1,440 for the fan.

The correct answer is option (1).

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Sum of the place value is getting reversed.

Now,

'BASEBALL' is written as '45'.

⇒ B(2) + A(1) + S(19) + E(5) + B(2) + A(1) + L(12) + L(12)

⇒ 54 → 45 (Opposite number of 54).

'FEEDBACK' is written as '73'

⇒ F(6) + E(5) + E(5) + D(4) + B(2) + A(1) + C(3) + K(11)

⇒ 37 → 73 (Opposite number of 37).

Similarly, for 'PRACTICE'

⇒ P(16) + R(18) + A(1) + C(3) + T(20) + I(9) + C(3) + E(5)

⇒ 75 → 57(Opposite number of 75).

So, 'PRACTICE' will be written as '57'.

Hence, the correct answer is "57".

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The passage explains that the young man had come to the shop earlier in casual dress and was not given much attention by the salesmen.
• He dressed well in the evening to get decent treatment and to impress the salesmen by appearing rich and important.

Therefore, the young man was well dressed because he wanted to impress the salesmen.

Correct Answer: (b) The IIT Factory. 

In News

• In Bihar, a village named Patwa Toli has gained recognition as the 'IIT factory' for consistently producing over a dozen IITians annually.

Key Points

• Nickname: Patwa Toli village in Bihar is commonly known as "The IIT Factory."
• Reason for Nickname: This village has earned its nickname due to the significant number of students who have successfully gained admission to the prestigious Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) from this village.
• Academic Excellence: The high academic performance and success rate of students in engineering entrance exams from Patwa Toli have made it notable.
• Cultural Significance: The village's dedication to education and producing IIT graduates has garnered attention and respect.
• Community Effort: The collective effort of the village community to support and motivate students to achieve academic success is remarkable.
• National Recognition: Patwa Toli's reputation as a hub for IIT aspirants has spread nationally, making it a symbol of educational achievement in Bihar.

Given:

The ratio of the radii of two circles is 2 : 3.

Formula used:

Area of a circle = π × r²

Ratio of areas = (Radius of 1st circle)² : (Radius of 2nd circle)²

Calculation:

Ratio of radii = 2 : 3

Ratio of areas = (2)² : (3)²

⇒ Ratio of areas = 4 : 9

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

The mirror image of the given figure is,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The passage indicates that the salesmen paid more attention to the young man because they thought he was rich and likely to make heavy purchases.
• This is evident from the statement, "He was able to draw the attention of the salesmen who thought him rich and likely to make heavy purchases."

Therefore, the salesmen in the shop are described as people who pay attention to only rich customers.

The correct answer is option 3.

In News

• **The Hindu:  Raisina Dialogue | Grey-zone warfare latest entry in lexicon of warfare, says Chief of Defence Staff.**​

 Key Points

Gray zone warfare:

• Definition: Grey zone warfare refers to conflict or engagement strategies used by a nation or non-state actors that remain between the traditional war and peace status. These strategies are adopted to achieve national interests without crossing thresholds that would traditionally provoke a full-scale military response.
• Hence option 3 is correct.
• Characteristics:
• Ambiguity: Utilizes tactics that make it difficult to attribute actions directly to the perpetrator or to categorize them squarely as an act of war.
• Non-Military Means: Emphasizes non-military techniques, such as cyber attacks, propaganda, economic pressure, and political meddling, although it may include limited military operations.
• Avoidance of Direct Confrontation: Designed to stay below the threshold of conventional war to avoid triggering a full-scale military response.
• Long-term Strategy: Often part of a longer-term strategy to change the strategic environment in a way that is favorable to the actor without engaging in open conflict.
• Objectives:
• Political influence and control.
• Territorial gains without military invasion.
• Destabilizing rival countries through indirect means.
• Forcing policy changes in other nations.
• Examples of Tactics:
• Cyber warfare targeting critical infrastructure.
• Political campaigns to influence elections in another country.
• Economic measures like tariffs, sanctions, or blockades not amounting to a full economic war.
• Use of proxies or militias that cannot be directly linked to a nation.
• Information warfare, including the spread of misinformation and propaganda.
• Challenges for International Security:
• Difficulties in response: The ambiguous nature of gray zone tactics makes it hard for nations to respond appropriately without escalation.
• Legal and diplomatic dilemmas: International law may not always provide clear guidelines for responding to gray zone tactics, creating a challenge for diplomatic and legal frameworks.
• Increasing tensions: Proliferation of gray zone tactics can increase global tensions, pushing nations closer to outright conflict while avoiding clear thresholds for war.
• Responses and Strategies:
• Strengthening cyber defense capabilities.
• International cooperation to recognize and counter gray zone tactics.
• Developing clear legal and policy frameworks to address gray zone aggression.
• Investing in intelligence and counter-intelligence capabilities.
• Promoting resilience and robustness within political, economic, and social systems to withstand gray zone pressures.

Given:

$\frac{a}{b}=\frac{8}{6}$

Formula Used:

Simplification of ratios and substitution into algebraic expressions.

Calculations:

From the given ratio, we have $\frac{a}{b}=\frac{8}{6}$,

which can be simplified to $\frac{a}{b}=\frac{4}{3}$.

This means a = 4k and b = 3k for some constant k (where k ≠ 0).

Now, substitute the values of a and b in terms of k into the expression:

$\frac{6 a+2 b}{4 a-2 b}$

⇒ $\frac{6(4k)+2(3k)}{4(4k)-2(3k)}$

⇒ $\frac{24k+6k}{16k-6k}$ = $\frac{30k}{10k}$

Since k ≠ 0, we can cancel 'k' from the numerator and denominator:

⇒ $\frac{30}{10}$ = 3

∴ The value of $\frac{6 a+2 b}{4 a-2 b}$ is 3.

Drawing the diagram according to the given information,

Mohit’s rank from bottom = Total number of students – His rank from top + 1 = 33 – 8 + 1 = 26

Mohit’s rank is 26^th from the bottom.

Hence, “26” is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Option 4)

Key Points

• The error is in the first part of the sentence, where the present perfect tense 'If I have recovered' is incorrect in this context.
• The correct form should be the future perfect tense 'If I recover' to match the conditional nature of the sentence.
• Conditional sentences often use the simple present tense in the 'if' clause when referring to future events.
• Example: 'If I recover from fever, I will start going for swimming classes from tomorrow.'

Hence, the correct statement is: If I recover from fever, I will start going for swimming classes from tomorrow.

The correct answer is ​Deep-sea mining and resource exploration

In News

• The primary purpose of China's Mengxiang deep-sea mining ship is Deep-sea mining and resource exploration.

Key Points

• Mengxiang is a state-of-the-art ocean drilling vessel developed by China.
• Its primary goal is to explore the mysteries of the Earth's mantle and potential deep-sea resources.
• Mengxiang has the world's deepest drilling depth and advanced drilling systems.
• It completed its maiden trial voyage in the Pearl River Estuary and is designed for domestic and international scientific programs.
• The vessel's main feature is its unparalleled drilling capacity, reaching up to 11,000 meters below the sea surface, making it suitable for deep-sea mining and exploration.

Given:

Length of rectangle (L) = 15 cm

Area of rectangle (A) = 150 cm²

Formula used:

Area of rectangle = Length × Breadth

Perimeter of rectangle = 2 × (Length + Breadth)

Calculation:

$\text{Area} = L × B$

⇒ 150 = 15 × B

⇒ B = $\frac{150}{15} = 10$ cm

New area = $1 \frac{1}{3}$ × Original area = $\frac{4}{3} \times 150 = 200$ cm2

New length (L_new):

⇒ 200 = L_new × 10

⇒ L_new = $\frac{200}{10} = 20$ cm

New perimeter:

⇒ Perimeter = 2 × (20 + 10)

⇒ 2 × 30 = 60 cm

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

The logic followed here is:

'INSTITUTION is written as NOITUTITINS',

Similarly, for 'PERFECTIONS'

So, 'PERFECTIONS' will be written as 'SNOITCEFPER'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is: A.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the omission of the preposition "to" after the verb "live."
• The correct phrase should be "live up to" to indicate meeting expectations or standards.
• Thus, the error is located in part A of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Correct Sentence: "It is difficult to live up to the societal expectations when one has fewer resources.

The correct answer is 1 Only.

In News

• News: The Nagpur district court sentenced a former BrahMos Aerospace engineer to life imprisonment under the Official Secrets Act for leaking sensitive information to the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the intelligence agency of Pakistan.

Key Points

• BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile that has successfully tested its propulsion system, airframe, power supply, and other main indigenous components.
• BrahMos is a joint venture between the Defence Research and Development Organisation of India (DRDO) and the NPOM of Russia. Brahmos is named after the rivers Brahmaputra and Moskva. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• It is a two-stage (solid propellant engine in the first stage and liquid ramjet in the second) air-to-surface missile with a flight range of around 300 km.
• MTCR is not a treaty and does not subject partners to any legal responsibilities (members).
• Rather, it's an unofficial political agreement among states to keep missiles and missile technology from spreading.
• India became the 35th full member of MTCR In July 2016. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.

Given:

HCF of two numbers = 2⁵

LCM of two numbers = 2⁵ × 7³

One of the numbers = 2⁷

Formula Used:

Product of two numbers = HCF × LCM

Calculations:

Let the two numbers be N1 and N2.

Let N1 = 2⁷

N1 × N2 = HCF × LCM

⇒ 2⁷ × N2 = 2⁵ × (2⁵ × 7³)

⇒ 2⁷ × N2 = 2⁽⁵⁺⁵⁾ × 7³

⇒ 2⁷ × N2 = 2¹⁰ × 7³

⇒ N2 = (2¹⁰ × 7³) / 2⁷

⇒ N2 = 2^(10-7) × 7³

⇒ N2 = 2³ × 7³

∴ The other number is 2³ × 7³.

The logic follows here is:

The study of the Liver is called Hepatology.

Similarly,

The study of Human Beauty is called Kalology.

Hence, "Kalology" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the use of "too intelligent" in part D.
• Using "too intelligent" implies more intelligence than is acceptable or needed, which is not the intended meaning. The correct wording should be "very intelligent."
• Thus, the error is located in part D of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3)

Correct Sentence: "Since the little girl answers a few simple questions, her parents say that she is very intelligent."

Additional Information

• Since the little girl answers – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• her parents say that – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• she is too intelligent – The word "too" is incorrect here, and "very" should be used instead.
• a few simple questions – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

Expenses of Public Service Commissions.

• Article 322 of the Indian Constitution states that the expenses of the Union or State Public Service Commission will be charged on the revenue of India or the State respectively.
• The expenses of the Union or a State Public Service Commission, including any salaries, allowances and pensions payable to or in respect of the members or staff of the Commission, shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India or, as the case may be, the Consolidated Fund of the State.

 Additional Information

Articles Related to UPSC and its Provisions:

• Article-315. Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States.
• Article 316 - Appointment and term of office of members.
• Article 317 - Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission.
• Article 318 - Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission.
• Article 319 - Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of the Commission on ceasing to be such members.
• Article 320 - Functions of Public Service Commission.
• Article 321 - Power to extend functions of Public Service Commission.
• Article 323 - Reports of Public Service Commission

For Sonu,

⇒ 24 hr. = - 90 sec. = - 1.5 min (Slow)

For Opi,

⇒ 24 hr = + 5 min. (fast)

Difference between Sonu's watch and Opi's watch (time)

⇒ 24 hr = + 5 - (-1.5) = 6.5 min.

⇒ 1 hr = 6.5/24 min

Total time between 5 pm to the Next day at 11 am = 18 hr

So, 18 hr = 18 × 6.5/24 min = 0.75 × 6.5 = 4.875 min.

∴ The correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is Option 3 i.e. "Your life will be changed by this book."

Key Points

• The given sentence is in the active voice and the future simple tense.
• The subject of the sentence is "This book", and the object is "your life".
• In active voice and future simple tense, the format is: Subject + will + base form of the verb (V1) + Object.
• To convert this into passive voice for the future simple tense, the format is: Subject (Objective case) + will + be + past participle of the verb (V3) + by + Object (Subjective case).
• Example:
• Active: The chef will prepare the meal. (Passive Voice: The meal will be prepared by the chef.)

Therefore, the correct answer is- "Your life will be changed by this book"

Important Points

• When changing from active to passive voice (or vice versa):
• The tense of the sentence should not be changed.
• Only the structure is altered to shift focus between the doer and the receiver of the action.

The correct answer of above Question is option 1.

Key Points

• Statement (i) The Public Service Commission established for the first time in India had a chairman and 4 members.
• This statement is true. The Public Service Commission was established in 1926, following the recommendations of the Lee Commission. It was set up with a Chairman and four members.
• Statement (ii) Ross Braker was the first chairman of the Public Service Commission in India.
• This statement is true. Sir Ross Barker was the first chairman of the Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC) in India.

So the correct answer is Neither (i) nor (ii)

The given diagram is as follows:

∴ Here, the number '7' represents the number of graduates who are scientists and also mathematicians but not hardworking.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is 'Several copies of her  latest  book have been autographed by the author'.

Key Points

• The original sentence is in the active voice and present perfect tense, indicated by "has autographed."
• To convert an active voice sentence into passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
• In passive voice sentences, the form of 'be' used corresponds to the tense of the verb in the active sentence.
• Here, the present perfect tense ('has autographed') in active voice corresponds to 'have been' in passive voice for plural subjects.
• The past participle of the verb ('autographed') remains unchanged when transitioning from active to passive voice.
• Therefore, "Several copies of her book have been autographed by the author" accurately reflects the passive voice equivalent of the provided active voice sentence, maintaining the present perfect tense.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Additional Information

• Option 1) "Several copies of her  latest  book will be autographed by the author" uses the future simple tense, which does not accurately reflect the original sentence's present perfect tense.
• Option 2) "Several copies of her  latest  book are autographed by the author" uses the present simple tense in passive voice, which again fails to convey the original present perfect tense.
• Option 3) "Several copies of her  latest  book are being autographed by the author" employs the present continuous tense in passive voice, which is not suitable for expressing the completed action indicated in the original sentence’s present perfect tense.

The correct answer is Coromandel Coast.

Key Points

• The Coromandel Coast is located on the eastern coast of India.
• It is the coastal plain in eastern Tamil Nadu state.
• It is bounded by the Utkal Plains to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the east, the Kaveri Delta to the south, and the Eastern Ghats to the west.
• Extending over an area of about 22,800 square kilometres.

 Important Points