AFCAT 01/2025: 23 January 2025 Shift 2 Memory-Based Paper (Previous Year Paper)

Here the correct answer is Philosophical.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given word:-
• Pensive*(adjective)* - engaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought.(गहन या गंभीर विचार को शामिल करना, शामिल करना या प्रतिबिंबित करना)
• Let's look at the meaning of the correct answer:-
• ​Philosophical*(adjective)* - relating or devoted to the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.. (ज्ञान, वास्तविकता और अस्तित्व की मौलिक प्रकृति के अध्ययन से संबंधित या समर्पित।)
• For Example - He was philosophical about losing the contract.
• Let's look at the meaning of the other options:-
• Negligent*(adjective)* - failing to take proper care over something. (किसी चीज की उचित देखभाल करने में असफल होना।)
• For Example - The council had been negligent in its supervision of the children in care.
• Ignorant*(adjective)* - lacking knowledge or awareness in general; uneducated or unsophisticated. ( सामान्य रूप से ज्ञान या जागरूकता की कमी; अशिक्षित या अपरिष्कृत।)
• For Example - He was told constantly that he was ignorant and stupid
• Shallow*(adjective)* - not exhibiting, requiring, or capable of serious thought. ( गंभीर विचार के प्रदर्शन, आवश्यकता या सक्षम नहीं।​)
• For Example - A shallow analysis of contemporary society.

Therefore, the correct synonym of the given word is Philosophical.

The correct answer is "clashing".

Key Points Let's understand the meanings of the given and the marked option:

• Incompatible: Unable to exist or work together without conflict due to fundamental differences.
• For Example - Despite their deep love for each other, their incompatible lifestyles led to their breakup.
• Clashing: In harsh disagreement or conflict, often referring to colors that do not match well or ideas that are in opposition.
• For Example - Their vibrant, clashing outfits turned heads at the fashion show.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Additional Information Let's understand the meaning of the other given options:

• Compatible: Capable of living or existing together in harmony.
• Consistent: Unchanging over a period of time, reliable or stable.
• Agreeing: In harmony with; corresponding or conforming to.

The correct answer is 'Deport'.

Key Points

• The word 'Banish' means to force to leave a country.
• The synonyms of the word 'Banish' are "deport, exile, transport".
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Deport' has the same meaning.
• The word 'Deport' means to force to leave a country.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Banish' are "accept, admit, receive".
• Example of 'Banish' in a sentence:
• The newly elected government will banish the fallen dictator to a remote island.

The correct answer is 'dismiss'.

Key Points 

• The word 'speculate' means to form an opinion from little or no evidence.
• The antonyms of the word 'speculate' are "dismiss, ascertain, find out".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'dismiss' is opposite in meaning.
• The word 'dismiss' means deliberately cease to think about.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3. 

Let's see the meaning of other options :

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'speculate' are "guess, assume, conclude".
• Example of 'speculate' in a sentence:
• No one can speculate on what he's thinking about.

The correct answer is 'Novice'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym of the given word 'Veteran' is 'Novice'.
• Let's look at the meaning and examples of the given words:

• Therefore, by reading the above explanation we find that the correct answer is Option 1.​

​​

Hinglish

• | Word | Meaning | | --- | --- | | Veteran | एक व्यक्ति जिसे किसी विशेष गतिविधि का बहुत अनुभव है | | Novice | ऐसा व्यक्ति जिसे नौकरी या स्थिति का अनुभव नहीं है | | Crumble | कुछ तोड़ना या छोटे टुकड़ों में तोड़ना | | Wither | कमजोर और शुष्क और क्षय हो जाना | | Vanish | अचानक और रहस्यमय तरीके से गायब हो जाना |

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. Abandon.

Explanation   

• The word 'Clutch' means grasp (something) tightly.
• The synonyms of the word are "clench, cling (to), grip, hold".
• The antonyms of the word are "abandon, drop, give, hand, unclasp, unhand".
• From the antonym of the given word 'Clutch', we can say that the word 'Abandon' is its opposite meaning.
• The word 'Abandon' means give up completely (a practice or a course of action).
• Hence, we can say that 'Abandon' is the exact opposite in meaning to the given word.
• Let's see the meaning of other given options-

• Examples of 'Clutch' in a sentence:
• Lovers clutch each other for comfort, someone quietly weeps.
• We clutch them tightly when we meet the Pope.
• Its first known use was as a verb in the 12^th century.

The correct answer is: Quick sell out.

Key Points

• The idiom 'Sell like hot cakes' means something that is sold very quickly or in large numbers.(जल्दी/अधिक मात्रा में बिकना )
• Example:- The new game is apparently selling like hot cakes.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Quick sell out.

The correct answer is "to tell people secret information".

Key Points

• "Spill the beans" is an idiomatic phrase meaning to reveal secret information.
• The origin is linked to ancient Greece where beans were used for voting, and spilling them would disclose premature results.
• In modern use, it often refers to revealing confidential, hidden, or surprise information, often unintentionally.
• For example, in planning a surprise party, if someone reveals the party to the guest of honor, they have "spilled the beans."

​Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2"

The correct answer is "a weak point".

Key Points

• The phrase 'Achilles heel' is an idiom derived from Greek mythology.
• Achilles was a great warrior who had only one vulnerability - his heel, because his mother held him by his heel when she dipped him into the River Styx to make him invulnerable.
• That's where he was later struck and killed in the Trojan War.
• Therefore, an 'Achilles heel' refers to a single weak or vulnerable spot that could lead to one's downfall.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Additional Information

• Considering the given options for its meaning:
• A painful spot - While this could be seen as a literal interpretation referring to where Achilles was hit, the idiom 'Achilles heel' has a more metaphorical meaning.
• A foot disease - This is a misconstruction. While it refers to a heel, the phrase 'Achilles heel' does not refer to any specific foot disease.
• A kind of fungus - This interpretation is entirely off the mark. The phrase 'Achilles heel' has no connection to any type of fungus.

The correct answer is “To confront a problem bravely”.

Key Points

• 'Bite the bullet' means to confront a problem bravely.
• It's been applied throughout history to suggest facing up to difficult situations or enduring a difficult or painful experience without complaint.
• Example- The project was challenging, but we had no choice but to bite the bullet and do our best.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘Option 2’.

The correct answer is “Quack”.

Key Points

• 'Quack' typically refers to a fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill.
• This term is often used to describe a person who makes deceitful pretenses to medical knowledge or skills they do not possess. It's often associated with fake doctors.
• Example- The village was deceived by a quack who sold fake herbal remedies.
• Hence, the option that is Similar in meaning to the given word 'a person who dishonestly pretends to have medical skills or knowledge' is 'Quack'.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 2’.

Additional Information 

• Let’s have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• Empiric: An empiric is a person who relies solely upon practical experience rather than on scientific principles. However, they do not pretend to have medical skills or knowledge. (अनुभववादी)
• Curator: A curator is a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection. They do not relate directly to medical skills or knowledge. (संग्रहालयाध्यक्ष)
• Resident- a person who lives somewhere permanently or on a long-term basis.

The correct answer is “Anarchy".

 Key Points

• Anarchy is a state of society without government or law. It describes the absence or non-recognition of authority or other controlling systems.
• Neocracy refers to a government that is controlled by new or inexperienced people. Bureaucracy implies a system of government in which the most important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
• Autocracy denotes a system of government by one person with absolute power.
• Hence, none of the other options besides Anarchy correctly denote a state of disorder due to the absence or non-recognition of authority or other controlling systems.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is 'Fabricate: Dismantle.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words given in the question- Fallacy: Truth:
• Fallacy: a false belief or a wrong idea. (झूठा विश्‍वास या भ्रांत धारणा)
• Truth: what is true; the facts. (सत्‍य, सच्‍चाई, यथार्थता; सच्‍ची बातें, तथ्‍य)
• In the given pair Fallacy: Truth, the antonym of 'Fallacy' is 'Truth'.
• Now, let us explore the meanings of the words from the option:
• ​Gentle: kind and calm; touching or treating people or things in a careful way so that they are not hurt. (दयालु और शांत; बिना चोट पहुँचाए कोमलता से व्‍यवहार करने वाला; सौम्‍य)
• Kind: caring about others; friendly and generous. (परोपकारी; मित्रवत और उदार)
• Fabricate: to invent something false in order to deceive people. (मनगढ़ंत बातें करना, झूठी बातें गढ़ना, विरचना करना)
• Dismantle: to take something to pieces; to separate something into the parts it is made from. ((किसी वस्‍तु) को विखंडित या टुकड़े-टुकड़े कर देना; (किसी मशीन आदि के) पुरज़े खोलना)
• Eradicate: to destroy or get rid of something completely. ((रोग आदि) को जड़ से उखाड़ देना, पूर्णतया उन्‍मूलित कर देना)
• Exterminate: to destroy or kill a large group of people or animals. (लोगों या जानवरों के एक बड़े समूह को नष्ट करने या मारना, बड़ी संख्‍या में लोगों अथवा पशुओं को मार देना; संहार करना)
• Feud: an angry and serious argument between two people or groups that continues over a long period of time. (दो व्‍यक्तियों या व्‍यक्ति-समूहों के बीच लंबे समय तक चलने वाला झगड़ा; पुश्‍तैनी रंजिश)
• Quarrel: an angry argument or disagreement. (झगड़ा या विवाद (बातचीत में))
• The antonym of Fallacy is Truth.
• Complete analogy: Fallacy: Truth :: Fabricate: Dismantle

Additional Information

• Let us see some more examples of analogies:
• Misfortune: Disaster
• Path : Highway
• Vein : Artery

The correct answer is 'Dense: Thick.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words given in the question- Dwarf: Diminutive:
• Dwarf: a person, animal or plant that is much smaller than the usual size. ((व्‍यक्ति, पशु या पौधा) सामान्य से बहुत छोटा, बौना, ठिगना, नाटा)
• Diminutive: much smaller than usual. (सामान्‍य से काफ़ी छोटा, नन्‍हा)
• In the given pair Dwarf: Diminutive, the synonym of 'Dwarf' is 'Diminutive'.
• Now, let us explore the meanings of the words from the option:
• Dense: containing a lot of things or people close together. (घनीभूत, बहुत-सी वस्‍तुओं या व्‍यक्तियों के जुटाव वाला)
• Thick: having a lot of things close together. (घना, सघन)
• Amplify: to increase the strength of a sound, using electrical equipment. (विद्युत उपकरणों द्वारा ध्वनि-शक्ति में वृद्धि करना)
• Lessen: to become less; to make something less. (कम हो जाना; कम कर देना)
• Comic: that makes you laugh; connected with comedy. (हास्‍यजनक, हँसानेवाला; सुखांत-रचना से संबंधित)
• Tragic: that makes you very sad, especially because it involves death. (बहुत दुख पहुँचाने वाला, अति दुखद (मृत्‍यु की घटना हो जाने के कारण))
• Alien: of another country; foreign. (अन्‍यदेशीय; विदेशीय)
• Resident: living or staying in a place. (रहने वाला; निवासी)
• The synonym of Dense is Thick.
• Complete analogy: Dwarf: Diminutive : Dense: Thick

Additional Information 

• Let us see some more examples of analogies:
• Pen : Paper
• Path : Highway
• Vein : Artery
• Sculptor : Chisel

The correct answer is 'doesn't he'.

Key Points

• A question tag can be generally described as a simple statement followed by a short question. Question tags are most often used in spoken language that confirms something that is said and encourages the listener to give an answer. In written language, the use of question tags can be seen only in dialogue writing and in stories that include dialogue.
• A sentence with a question tag takes the form of – Statement, question tag?
• Example- She looks very beautiful. Doesn't she ?
• The punctuation of a sentence with a question is as follows – A capital letter to begin the sentence, a comma at the end of the statement, followed by the tag question, and a question mark.
• The use of pronouns in question tags is another thing you need to focus on. If a pronoun is used as the subject, use the same pronoun in the question tag. On the other hand, if a noun (name of a person/place/animal/thing/idea) or a noun phrase acts as the subject in the statement, use a pronoun based on the gender/number in the question tag.
• If the statement is positive or affirmative, the question tag should be negative, and if the statement is negative, the question tag used should be positive.
• So the right question tag would be 'doesn't he'.

The correct answer is- 'aural.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Amend: to change something slightly in order to make it better. (बेहतर बनाने के लिए ज़रा-सा सुधारना; संशोधित करना)
• Emend: make corrections and revisions to (a text). ((एक पाठ) में सुधार और संशोधन करना)
• Aural: connected with hearing and listening. (श्रवण-संबंधी)
• Oral: spoken, not written. (बोला हुआ, मौखिक (न कि लिखित))
• Here, we are talking about "Opera" which is connected to listening.
• The option "aural" is correct in this context.
• Correct sentence: The opera was an aural as well as a visual delight.

Additional Information          

• Articulate language is essential for cultivating an image of professionalism and competence, and misusing words will undercut our efforts on this front.
• Anxious/Eager:
• ‍Anxious suggests apprehension. (She was anxious about her upcoming performance review.)
• Eager suggests excitement, joyful expectation. (The boy was eager to get to the park.)

The correct answer is "reconsider".

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "reconsider".
• "Reconsider" is a verb and is grammatically sound within the context of the sentence, as it means to think again about a decision, which fits the action the parents are asking the principal to do.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Complete Sentence: The parents asked the principal to reconsider his decision about the Sports Day.

The correct answer is P.

Key Points

• The error lies in the usage of the plural verb 'need' instead of the singular verb 'needs'.
• The subject in the given sentence is 'the government' which is a collective noun taken as one unit [ a singular].
• Therefore, it needs a singular verb according to the rules of the subject-verb agreement.
• In the present tense, nouns and verbs form plurals in opposite ways: nouns ADD an S to the singular form; for verbs, we REMOVE the S from the singular form. For example: Singular - The dog chases the cat. Plural - The dogs chase the cat.
• Therefore, it should be 'needs' instead of 'need'

The correct sentence is - The government needs to adopt a multi-year expenditure outlook while preparing the budget.

Additional Information

• Some collective nouns always take a singular verb while some always take a plural verb.
• My family is conservative.
• The police have arrived.
• While there are others which take both singular and plural verbs.
• If the collective noun refers to the group as a unit, then it takes a singular verb.
• If it refers to the individuals in the group or the parts that make up the group, then the verb should be plural.

Hinglish

• गलती यह है कि plural verb 'need' की जगह singular verb 'needs' का प्रयोग होना चाहिए था।
• दिए गए वाक्य में subject 'the government' है जो कि एक collective noun है जिसे एक इकाई (एकवचन) के रूप में लिया जाता है। इसलिए, subject-verb agreement के नियमों के अनुसार इसे एकवचन क्रिया की आवश्यकता होती है।
• वर्तमान काल में, nouns और verbs plurals बनाने के लिए विपरीत तरीके अपनाते हैं: nouns संज्ञा के सिंगुलर रूप में एक S जोड़ते हैं; क्रियाओं के लिए, हम सिंगुलर रूप से S को हटा देते हैं।
• उदाहरण: Singular - The dog chases the cat. Plural - The dogs chase the cat. इसलिए, 'need' के स्थान पर 'needs' होना चाहिए। सही वाक्य है - बजट तैयार करते समय सरकार को एक बहु-वर्षीय खर्च दृष्टिकोण अपनाने की आवश्यकता होती है।

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. A.

Key Points

• The error lies in the wrong usage of the pronoun ‘him’ in Part A.
• "him" will be replaced with "he", subjective case of the pronoun.
• Whenever any form of "be" acts as main verb i.e. was , then we will always use subjective case after it.

Correct Sentence: "It was he who had brought you to this village.**" 

• | Person | Number | Subject. | Object. | Poss. Adj. | Poss. Pro. | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1^st | Singular | I | Me | My | Mine | | " | Plural | We | Us | Our | Ours | | 2^nd | Singular | You | You | Your | Yours | | " | Plural | You | You | Your | Yours | | 3^rd | Singular | He | Him | His | His | | " | " | She | Her | Her | Hers | | " | " | It | It | Its | - | | " | Plural | They | Them | Their | Theirs |

The correct answer is C.

Key Points

• Replace THEN by RATHER THAN in part ‘C’.
• Then means at a particular time in the past or in the future. Hence we should use RATHER THAN by THAN here.
• RATHER THAN - instead of; used especially when you prefer one thing to another.
• Ex: I think I’d like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.
• Therefore, option 3 is the right answer.

The correct sentence is: Modern youth pay attention to watching Web series rather than reading books.

The erroneous part is 'equipments were'.

Key Points

• Uncountable nouns are for the things that we cannot count with numbers. Uncountable nouns are used with a singular verb and do not have a plural form.
• Because 'equipment' is uncountable, we cannot say ‘an equipment’ or ‘equipments’.
• Examples, 
• All the equipment was shifted.
• On board is a piece of equipment – a radiometer called the ATSR.
• According to the explanation and examples that are given above, 'equipment was' is the correct usage.

Correct Sentence: All his camera equipment was stolen from his car.

Additional Information

• Uncountable nouns are for the things that we cannot count with numbers. They may be the names for abstract ideas or qualities or for physical objects that are too small or too amorphous to be counted (liquids, powders, gases, etc.). Uncountable nouns are used with a singular verb.
• Some examples of uncountable nouns are:
• Ideas and experiences: advice, information, progress, news, luck, fun, work
• Materials and substances: water, rice, cement, gold, milk
• Weather words: weather, thunder, lightning, rain, snow
• Names for groups or collections of things: furniture, equipment, rubbish, luggage
• Other common uncountable nouns include: accommodation, baggage, homework, knowledge, concern, money, permission, research, traffic, travel, etc.

The correct answer is "Manipulated".

Key Points

• 'Manipulated' means to control or play upon by artful or unfair means especially to one's own advantage.(धूर्त या अनुचित तरीकों से नियंत्रित करना या खेलना)
• Example- The data was cleverly manipulated to give a misleading result.
• ​The given passage talks about limit or the extreme to which the variable can be manipulated.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 3’.

Additional Information 

• Let’s have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• Proliferated : It means to increase rapidly in numbers or to multiply and spread extensively.(संख्या में तेजी से वृद्धि)
• Suspended: Temporarily prevent from continuing or being in force or effect. (निलंबित)
• Deterred: Discourage (someone) from doing something. (हतोत्साहित)

The correct answer is "Cogent".

Key Points 

• 'Cogent' means clear, logical, and convincing.(सद्योग्रस्त) 
• Example- He made a cogent argument for the changes.
• The given passage states that the control experiment would not be cogent.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 2’.

Additional Information

• Let’s have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• Paramount: means more important than anything else; supreme. (उच्चतम)
• Steadfast: Resolutely or dutifully firm and unwavering. (दृढ़)
• Felicitous: Well chosen or suited to the circumstances. (उचित)

The correct answer is "Pivotal".

Key Points

• 'Pivotal' means of crucial importance in relation to the success of something else. (केंद्रीय) 
• Example- She played a pivotal role in the civil rights movement.
• The given passage talks about such procedures which ensure the accuracy and reproductivity of the experiment, which is pivotal for any scientific research.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 1’.

Additional Information 

• Let’s have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• Optional: Available to be chosen but not obligatory. (अनिवार्य नहीं)
• Tedious: Too long, slow, or dull; tiresome or monotonous. (उक्त)
• Rectitude: Morally correct behavior or thinking; righteousness. (न्यायनीति)

The correct answer is "QRSP"

Key Points

• The sentence starts with von Neumann being asked to lecture, so the logical follow-up would be the topic and the place of the lecture. Part Q describes the same with the quantum theory being the topic and Princeton University the place.
• Part R starts a new sentence about something that happened as a consequence of the lecture, namely an appointment at the University, thus, it will follow.
• The ending of part R is completed by S since 'visiting professor' is a single phrase that means 'a professor invited to join a college or university faculty for a limited time'.
• Part S also starts a new sentence which joined with P gives the complete meaning of Neumann being a mediocre teacher who would erase the board before the students could copy it.

The correct sentence is: In 1929 von Neumann was asked to lecture Q. on quantum theory at Princeton University. R. This led to an appointment as visiting S. professor (1930–33). He was remembered as a mediocre P. teacher, prone to write quickly and erase the blackboard before students could copy what he had written.

The correct answer is "SPRQ"

Key Points

• The first in the sequence should give a description of the 'complex problems that are mentioned in the question. Part S starts with 'associated with' and if joined with the sentence gives the meaning of the complex problems being related to long-distance power lines. Thus, S will be the first.
• Now a comma after part S should be followed by additional information about the device solving those problems. Part P does the same mentioning 'Bush's analog computers' as the problem solvers and their additional applications.
• Part R completes the above sentence by mentioning that the computers were also applied to solve many other 'engineering problems'.
• Q starts a new sentence about a later period in Bush's life (1931) when his most successful machine became operational.

The correct sentence is: Originally developed to solve complex problems S. associated with long-distance power lines, P. Bush’s analog computers were also applied R. to many other engineering problems. Q. By 1931 his most successful machine, known as the Differential Analyzer, was operational.

The correct answer is: "RPSQ"

Key Points

• Since a method is a particular procedure to solve something, it is generally used with a question or problem, part R will be the first in sequence since an 'effective method for solving a problem' is the correct phrase being derived from joining the two parts.
• R ends by leaving hints about the effective method's meaning in the given context which is fulfilled by part P, describing it as something which could be solved by a human.
• Part S describes the working conditions of the 'human mathematical clerks' which was in face 'by rote' which means through repetition.
• Part S also starts a new sentence that tries to provide additional information about the 'rote workers' starting with mentioning the time period (Turing's time). This is logically followed by Q as the final part since it informs us that the rote workers were called computers during that time.

The correct answer is : What mathematicians called an “effective” method R. for solving a problem was simply one P. that could be carried by a human mathematical clerk S. working by rote. In Turing’s time, Q. those rote-workers were in fact called “computers,” and human computers carried out some aspects of the work later done by electronic computers.

The correct answer is 'We have choice of action'.

Key Points

• In the passage, the author identifies human beings as a privileged lot because we have the ability to make choices.
• This is highlighted specifically in the first line: "We are a privileged lot, gifted with choice of action.

No other species has this ability."

• None of the other options — sages making choices for us, value-based decisions making us happy, or choices sculpting our future — properly answer the question regarding why human beings are particularly privileged according to the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'Ones based on values'

Key Points

• The passage places significant emphasis on the importance of making value-based choices.
• It posits that such choices lead to true happiness and success, and it even facilitates spiritual evolution.
• The other options, impulse-based, peer pressure-influenced, or intelligence-based decisions, are not regarded as the best kinds of choices as per the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3, 'Ones based on values.'

The correct answer is 'Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)'

Key Points

• Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are factually correct as per the passage.
• However, Reason (R) is not necessarily the correct explanation for Assertion (A). While it's true that sages protected kings from making rash decisions, it does not explain why sages were renowned for their wisdom. Their wisdom encompassed much more than just this.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The pattern followed here is:

Also,

Similarly,

Hence, ‘14131525’ is the correct answer.

Given:

25, 35, 59, 103, 173,?

The pattern followed here is:

Here, the next term is '275'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

On observing the given figures carefully, we get:

In the question figure,

1. One dot is in the common area of the triangle, rectangle, and semi-circle.
2. One dot is in the common area of the rectangle and triangle.
3. One dot is in the common area of the circle and triangle.

Figure (A) → Common area of the triangle, rectangle, and semi-circle isn't present.

Figure (B) → Common area of the triangle, rectangle, and semi-circle isn't present.

Figure (C) → All the required conditions are fulfilled as shown below:

Figure (D) → Common area of the triangle, rectangle, and semi-circle isn't present.

Hence, the correct answer is "Figure (C)".

We should not think of the exact shape and size of the figures in these questions.

Just resemblance will work like if an Equilateral triangle is given in the question figure, any shape of a triangle in the answer figure will work, be it right triangle or scalene triangle.

On observing the given figures carefully, we get:

In the question figure,

1. One dot is in the common area of the smaller semi-circle, bigger semi-circle, and circle.
2. One dot is solely placed in the circle only.
3. One dot is solely placed in the square only.

Figure (A) → Common area of the smaller semi-circle, bigger semi-circle, and circle isn't present.

Figure (B) → All the required conditions are fulfilled as shown below:

Figure (C) → Common area of the smaller semi-circle, bigger semi-circle, and circle isn't present.

Figure (D) → Common area of the smaller semi-circle, bigger semi-circle, and circle isn't present.

Hence, the correct answer is "Figure (B)".

We should not think of the exact shape and size of the figures in these questions.

Just resemblance will work like if an Equilateral triangle is given in the question figure, any shape of a triangle in the answer figure will work, be it right triangle or scalene triangle.

On observing the given figures carefully, we get:

In the question figure,

1. One dot is in the common area of the square and kite.
2. One dot is in the common area of the arrowhead, kite, and circle.
3. One dot is solely placed in the square only.

Figure (A) → All the required conditions are fulfilled as shown below:

Figure (B) → Common area of the square and kite isn't present.

Figure (C) → Common area of the square and kite isn't present.

Figure (D) → Common area of the square and kite isn't present.

Hence, the correct answer is "Figure (A)".

We should not think of the exact shape and size of the figures in these questions.

Just resemblance will work like if an Equilateral triangle is given in the question figure, any shape of a triangle in the answer figure will work, be it right triangle or scalene triangle.

Drawing the diagram according to the given information,

The distance between the final and the initial point can be found by the Pythagoras theorem.

(Hypotenuse)² = (Base)² + (Perpendicular)².

(H)²= (6)² + (8)²

(H)2= 36 + 64

(H)2= 100

H = 10m.

Therefore, the distance between starting and the final point is "10m".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option2: South- West,10m".

The logic followed is:

1. All Reptiles are Cold-blooded.
2. All mammals are Warm-blooded.
3. Reptiles and Mammals are different thus will come as a separate circle.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given set of words is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Additional Information

Cold-blooded animals

• Cold-blooded animals are the animals that are not capable of regulating their body’s temperature according to the temperature of the surrounding.
• Thus, they do not have a constant body temperature. Because of this reason, these animals cannot survive in extreme temperatures.
• Cold-blooded animals include reptiles, fishes, amphibians, insects, and other invertebrates. These animals are also called poikilothermic animals.
• Cold-blooded animals usually demonstrate any three of the thermoregulation mechanisms; Poikilothermy, Ectothermy, or Heterothermy.
• Poikilothermy is the state where the internal temperature of the animals might vary, but the core temperature often remains the same as the ambient temperature of the immediate environment.
• Ectothermy refers to the mechanism where the animals utilize external means like the sun, to control their body’s temperature.
• Heterothermy refers to the mechanism where the body temperature might change drastically as the animal moves from one environment to another.

Warm-blooded animals

• Warm-blooded animals are the animals that are capable of maintaining a nearly constant body temperature irrespective of the temperature of the environment.
• Warm-blooded animals have several internal mechanisms that help them warm up in colder areas and cool down in warmer areas. The control is mostly obtained by regulating their metabolic rates.
• Warm-blooded animals include birds and mammals. These animals are also called homeothermic animals.

The correct answer is option 3.

Solution:

⇒ Hour hand makes an angle 360 degrees in 12 hours. 

⇒ Hour hand makes an angle in 1 hour = 30° 

So, an hour hand makes an angle in 3 hours 40 minutes

= 3 x 30° + \(\dfrac{40}{60} \times 30^o\)= 90° + 20° = 110°

Minutes hand makes an angle of 360° in 60 minutes. 

⇒ Minutes hand makes an angle in 1 minute = 6°

Then, minutes hand makes an angle in 40 minutes = 40 x 6° = 240°

The angle between the hour hand and the minute hand at 3: 40

= 240° - 110°

= 130°

Hence, the angle between the minute hand and the hour hand when the time is 3:40 hours is 130°.

The logic followed here is :-

• PAINTING : KZRMGHMF

Similarly,

• CATEGORY :

​

Hence, the correct answer is "XZGDTNIX".

The logic follows here is :-

1. In the first column.

(19 × 11) - (19 + 11) = 209 - 30 = 179

So, the first column third row value is "179".

2. In the second column.

(23 × 16) - (23 + 16) = 368 - 39 = 329

So, the second column third row value is "329".

3. In the third column.

(34 × 18) - (34 + 18) = 612 - 52 = 560

So, the Third row third column value will be "560".

Thus, the correct answer is "560".

The given series is:

32, 80, 200, 500, 1250, ?

The pattern followed is:

Hence, the correct answer is "3125".

Student’s rank from right = 19

Student’s rank from left = 26

Total passed students = Student’s rank from right + Student’s rank from left - 1

→ 19 + 26 - 1

→ 44

Passed students = 44

Failed students = 7

Thus, total students = 44 + 7

→ 51

Hence, the total number of students is 51.

The logic followed here is:

The least possible Venn diagram for the given set of word is

1. The class of Crocodile is Reptiles.
2. Amphibians is the different class.

Additional Information

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:-

• PGX : KBC

And,

• SOH : HJS

Similarly,

• WBT :

Hence, "DWG" is the correct answer.

Arranging them according to the given information,

1. M is sitting opposite the N, who is sitting second to the left of Q.

2. R is sitting second to the right of the M, who is sitting immediately between the S and T.

3. P is sitting between R and N and T is sitting fourth to the left of P.

S is exactly opposite to the O.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Who is used for the second person in a connecting

Statement:

For example: 

D is third to the left of T who is fifth to the right of P.

Here, who is used for T and not for D.

And is used for the First person in a connecting

Statement:

For example, if it was given as:

D is third to the left of T and is fifth to the right of P.

Here, and is used for D and not for T.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows,

Conclusions:

I. No window is dog → It’s possible but not definite, hence false.

II. No dog is window → It’s possible but not definite, hence false.

III. Some dogs are cats → It’s true.

IV. All the dogs are cats → It’s possible but not definite, hence false.

Hence only conclusion III follows.

Rearrangement of jumbled word are as follows:

CMPOTUER is written as COMPUTER

BOMLIE is written as MOBILE

NTOE is written as NOTE

TOLPAP is written as LAPTOP

All the above are electronic devices except NOTE

Hence, "NTOE" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

1) Movement of outside figure → All outside figure shifted one step forward in every next figure.

2) Movement of middle figure → First all middle figure interchange their position and after that all middle figure disappear and new figure appear.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

The first word of each pair is the name of the nuclear power plant located in the state, which is the second word.

Kudankulam Nuclear power plant is located in Tamil Nadu.

Kakrapar Nuclear power plant is located in Gujarat.

Hirakund Dam is located in Orissa. ⇒ the order is not maintained here. 

Kaiga Nuclear power plant is located in Karnataka.

Hence, all the given options follow the logic except Option 3.

The logic followed here is :-

1. consonants - immediate opposite are written.
2. Vowels - Position value is doubled.​

So,

• ‘FAIR’ is written as ‘UBRI’.

And

• 'SALE' is written as "HBOJ’.

Similarly,

• ‘DIET’ will be written as :

Hence, the correct answer is "WRJG".

The logic followed here,

1) 

is turning 90° in clockwise direction in the subsequent figures.

is turning 90° in clockwise direction in the subsequent figures.

3) 

is turning 90° in clockwise direction and changing symbols attached to it in the subsequent figures.

Let's check these logics in the figures,

In figure 1 and 2,

Similarly, In figure 2 and 3,

Similarly, In figure 3 and 4,

As per the logic, the next figure of the series after figure 4,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

All dishwashers are appliances. But the pencil is not related to the dishwasher or appliances.

The correct Venn diagram representation is,

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram is:

Conclusions:

I. All donkeys is horse → False (As Some donkeys are horse. So, All donkeys can not be horse)

II. Some horse is not tiger → False (There is no direct relation between horse and tiger)

Hence, None of the conclusion follows.

Additional Information

The logic followed here is:

Ostrich is the largest bird.

Similarly;

Peregrine Falcon is the Fastest Bird.

Hence, "Fastest Bird" is the correct answer

Here the numbers in,

Square is driver: 55 + 20 + 8 + 1 + 11 = 95.

The required number will lie in the intersection of rectangle, square, circle and triangle.

95 represent driver.

Hence, 95 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key PointsNine Rasas(Navarasa):

• The Navarasa, in India’s traditional arts and literature, refers to the nine expressions or human emotions that humans show.
• These are the nine emotions that are known to evoke an audience during an experience of a dance, music, or drama performance according to the Natyashastra.
• The nine rasas are:
• Shringaara(Love)
• Roudra (Anger)
• Bibhitsa (Disgust) Hence, Option 3 is correct.
• Veera (Heroism)
• Shaant (Peace & Tranquility)
• Hasya (Laughter & Comedy)
• Karuna(Tragedy)
• Bhayanak (Horror)
• Adbhuta (Wonder)
• Just as life without rasas is incomplete, literature or film without rasas in proper proportion is deficient.

The correct answer is both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Key Points

• E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker, or Periyar, as he was called, came from a middle-class family.
• Interestingly, he had been an ascetic in his early life and had studied Sanskrit scriptures carefully.
• Later, he became a member of the Congress, only to leave it in disgust when he found that at a feast organised by nationalists, seating arrangements followed caste distinctions – that is, the lower castes were made to sit at a distance from the upper castes.
• Convinced that untouchables had to fight for their dignity, Periyar founded the Self Respect Movement in the erstwhile Madras Presidency (now Tamil Nadu) in 1925. Hence, assertion (A) is correct.
• He argued that untouchables were the true upholders of an original Tamil and Dravidian culture which had been subjugated by Brahmans.
• He felt that all religious authorities saw social divisions and inequality as God-given.
• Untouchables had to free themselves, therefore, from all religions in order to achieve social equality.
• He started this movement to make people to fight against the caste based discrimination within society. Thus, Reason (R) is correct.

Based on the above discussion, we can conclude that both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Important Points

Important characteristics about the International Date Line:

• The International Date Line is an imaginary line on the surface of the Earth, running roughly along the 180^th meridian in the Pacific Ocean, and serves as the line of demarcation between two consecutive calendar days.
• There are several statements that could be made about the International Date Line, but the correct statement is:
• When crossing the International Date Line from west to east, one day is added to the calendar.
• This means that if someone is traveling from a location west of the International Date Line, such as Japan or Australia, to a location east of the line, such as the United States, you will move the clock ahead by 24 hours, effectively skipping one calendar day.
• Conversely, if you are traveling from a location east of the International Date Line to a location west of the line, you will move the clock back by 24 hours, effectively repeating one calendar day.

Hence, it's important to note that the International Date Line is not a straight line and does not follow the 180^th meridian exactly due to political and practical considerations, resulting in small deviations in some places.

The correct answer is 'Sedimentary Rocks'

Key Points

• Sedimentary Rocks:
• Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of sediments over time, including particles of pre-existing rocks, minerals, and organic matter.
• These rocks often contain fossils of plants, animals, and microorganisms that were buried and preserved during the sedimentary process.
• Examples of sedimentary rocks include limestone, sandstone, and shale, which are known for preserving fossils.

Additional Information

• Igneous Rocks:
• Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. They do not typically contain fossils, as the extreme heat involved in their formation would destroy any organic material.
• Metamorphic Rocks:
• Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks (either igneous or sedimentary) are subjected to heat and pressure over long periods. While they can sometimes contain altered fossils, the conditions of their formation generally destroy any original organic material.
• Formation of Fossils:
• Fossils are most commonly found in sedimentary rocks due to the relatively gentle conditions under which they form. Organisms that become fossils in these rocks are usually preserved in their original state, making sedimentary rocks the primary source of fossil evidence for past life.

The correct answer is Narmada.

Key Points

• Narmada:
• It is the largest west flowing river of the peninsular region flowing through a rift valley between the Vindhya Range on the north and the Satpura Range on the south.
• It rises from Maikala range near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh.
• It drains a large area in Madhya Pradesh besides some areas in the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
• Major Tributaries: Hiran, Orsang, the Barna and the Kolar.
• Hydro Power Projects: Indira Sagar, Sardar Sarova, Maheshwar etc.

Additional Information

• Godavari:
• The Godavari is India's second-largest river after Ganga.
• The Godavari is also known as Dakshin Ganga.
• Krishna River:
• It is the 3^rd-longest river in India, after the Ganges and Godavari, and the 4^th-largest river in terms of water inflows and river basin area after the Ganges, Indus and Godavari.
• The total length of the river is about 1,400 kilometres and it falls in the Bay of Bengal.
• The Krishna Basin extends over Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka.
• Cauvery River:
• The Cauvery River (Kaveri) is designated as the ‘Dakshi Bharat ki Ganga’ or ‘the Ganga of the South’.
• The Cauvery River rises at an elevation of 1,341 m at Talakaveri on the Brahmagiri range near Cherangala village of Kodagu (Coorg) district of Karnataka.

Ibn Battuta has written in detail about the unique communication or about the postal system of Delhi Sultanate.

Key Points

• The Delhi Sultanate evidently took special measures to encourage merchants.
• Almost all trade routes were well supplied with inns and guest houses.
• Ibn Battuta was also amazed by the efficiency of the postal system which allowed merchants to not only send information and remit credit across long distances, but also to dispatch goods required at short notice.
• The postal system was so efficient that while it took fifty days to reach Delhi from Sind, the news reports of spies would reach the Sultan through the postal system in just five days.
• According to Ibn Batuta, in India the postal system was of two kinds.
• The horse-post, called uluq, is run by royal horses stationed at a distance of every four miles.
• The foot-post has three stations per mile; it is called dawa, that is one-third of a mile.
• The foot-post was quicker than the horse-post; and often it is used to transport the fruits of Khurasan which are much desired in India.

Hence, the correct answer is Ibn Battuta.

The correct answer is Young Bengal Movement.

Key Points

• The young Bengal movement was a movement led by thinkers of Hindu College, Calcutta. These thinkers are known as Derozians.
• This name 'Derozians' was given to them after Henry Louis Vivian Derozio, a teacher in same college.
• He promoted radical ideas through his teaching and by organizing association for debate and discussions on philosophy, history, literature and science.
• The thinkers, commonly known as 'Derozians' cherished the ideals of French revolution and liberal thinking of Britain.

Additional Information

• Young Bengal movement was not that successful, main reason was prevailing social condition which was not ripe for adoption of radical ideas.
• The support from other social groups or classes was absent.
• They lacked real link within the masses.
• Despite their limitations, they carried Raja Ram Mohan Roy's ideas of public education.
• Derozians attacked old traditions and customs. They advocated women rights and education. They founded associations to support their ideas and thinking.
• After death of Henry Vivian Derozio, members of this group continued preaching radical views.

The Assertion (A) is true, but the Reason (R) is false.

Key Points

• Firoz Shah Tughlaq did indeed carry out extensive reforms in the ministry of coins during his reign as a ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty from 1351 to 1388.
• He introduced new coins with Arabic inscriptions, fixed their weights and values, and issued a new currency called the Tanka.
• These reforms aimed to improve the quality and stability of the coinage system in the Delhi Sultanate. Therefore, Assertion (A) is true.
• However, the Reason (R) given for the Assertion (A) is incorrect as Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq, Firoz Shah Tughlaq's predecessor, did not produce good-quality coins.
• In fact, he introduced token currency or copper coins that were not accepted by the people and led to economic chaos. Therefore, the Reason (R) is false.

Therefore, the Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.

The correct answer is It primarily covers villages in the States of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha.

Key Points

• The Namami Gange Programme is an initiative of the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India. The Ministry of Jal Shakti oversees the implementation of various initiatives and schemes related to water conservation, water management, and river rejuvenation in India, including the Namami Gange Programme.
• The Namami Gange Programme covers the entire Ganga river basin, which spans over 11 states in India, namely Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh
• The Namami Gange Programme has a key objective of promoting sanitation and hygiene in villages and towns located along the banks of the river Ganga. One of the ways in which the programme aims to achieve this objective is by promoting the construction of toilets and other sanitation facilities in these areas, to make them open defecation-free.
• The Namami Gange Programme aims to transform some villages on the banks of the river Ganga as Ganga Grams.
• Ganga Gram is a concept under the programme which envisions the holistic development of villages on the banks of the river Ganga, while also promoting the conservation and rejuvenation of the river.

The correct answer is '2 - 1 - 4 - 3'.

Key Points

Additional Information

• August Declaration
• ​On August 20, 1917, the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Samuel Montagu, made a statement in the British House of Commons known as the August Declaration of 1917.
• According to the August Declaration of 1917, control over the Indian government would be gradually transferred to the Indian people, and a responsible government would be gradually established.
• This declaration also stated unequivocally that India would remain an integral part of British India.
• Lucknow Pact
• The Lucknow Pact was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League at a joint session of both parties held in Lucknow in December 1916.
• Through the pact, the two parties agreed to allow the representation of religious minorities in the provincial legislatures.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak headed the Congress while framing the deal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah headed the Muslim League.
• This pact paved the way for Hindu-Muslim cooperation in the Khilafat movement and Mohandas Gandhi’s noncooperation movement from 1920.
• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre​
• The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13 April 1919 (on the day of Baisakhi).
• It took place at Jallianwala Bagh near the Golden Temple in Amritsar, Punjab province of India.
• A large peaceful crowd had gathered to protest against the Rowlatt Act
• An English officer named General Dyer blocked the exit with his troops and ordered them to shoot at the crowd, continuing to fire even as the protestors tried to flee.
• In the massacre, more than 400 people died and more than 2000 were injured.
• This incident shocked Rabindranath Tagore to such an extent that he renounced his knighthood.
• Kheda Satyagraha
• The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 was a major revolt in the Kheda district of Gujarat in India.
• It was organized by Mahatma Gandhi during the period of the British Raj to support peasants who were unable to pay the revenue because of famine and plague epidemics.
• It was the third Satyagraha movement, which was launched 4 days after the Ahmedabad mill strike.

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.

Key Points

• The Arthashastra
• The Arthashastra is one of the earliest works of political realism to have been written, along with Sun Tzu's The Art of War and Machiavelli's The Prince.
• Kautilya Arthashastra is a unique treatise on the art of statecraft or governance, wherein every single aspect of human life is subject to the jurisdiction of the state.
• His detailed work clearly laid down an organizational set-up, and there was a clear-cut division of ethics and politics.
• The 'Arthashastra' is a treasure of Political Philosophy.
• It is considered the most comprehensive treatise on statecraft of classical times.
• The first-ever book written on Practice of Management, this treatise is also about foreign policy, administration, economic reforms, policies, and war.
• It is a primeval Indian discourse on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy.
• It was written in Sanskrit.
• Kautilya's Arthasashtra was composed between the 3^rd to 2^nd Century B.C.
• It is mainly a work of the art of government.
• In his view, for the smooth functioning of administration and the welfare of the people, the king had to be acquainted with the four Vedas and four sciences of government (Anvikashaki, Trai, Varta, and Dandniti).

The correct answer is Meghalaya.

Key Points

• Drums Festival
• Hundred Drum Festival also known as the 'Wangala Festival, the Wangala Festival is a traditional festival in the northeastern Indian state of Meghalaya.
• A group of 30 dancers with 10 drums would form a group and 10 such groups will be there.
• Thus, a total of 100 drummers and 300 dancers make up what is now known as the “100 Drums Wangala Festival”.
• Every year the festival is celebrated for 3 days during the month of November.
• Ordinary Garo people pay gratitude and reverence to Missi Saljong or 'Pattigipa Ra'Rongipa' (Great Giver) for blessing humans with a prosperous harvest for the season.

Important Points 

• The Wangala festival marks the end of a period of toil, that brings good results to the fields which also signifies the onset of winter.
• It is also celebrated in honour of the Sun God that marks the end of the long harvest season.
• Wangala is celebrated with different forms of dance.
• These dances are performed on the tunes of folk songs that are played on drums and primitive flute.
• Additionally, these flutes are made of buffalo horns.
• On the first day of the festival, people celebrate it with a ceremony called Ragula.
• This ceremony is performed in the house of the village’s chief.
• Then on the second day of celebration, which is called Kakkat, people begin the ceremony by dancing to the rhythms of long oval-shaped drums
• In this celebration, young and old join together while men play the drums and women perform traditional dance forms. The dance form is known as Dama Dagota.​

Additional Information

• Meghalaya:
• Lok Sabha seats - 2.
• Rajya Sabha seats - 1.
• State Animal - Clouded leopard.
• State Bird - Common hill myna.
• National Parks - Balphakram National Park, Nokrek Ridge National Park.

The correct answer is the Attorney General.

Key Points 

• Attorney General of India can attend the meetings of both houses of Parliament while not being a member of either.
• The Attorney General for India is the Indian government's chief legal advisor.
• its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India.
• He is appointed by the President of India under Article 76(1) of the Constitution and holds office during the pleasure of the President.
• He can attend the meetings of both houses of the parliament but cannot vote there.
• The article says every Minister and the Attorney-General has the right to speak in Parliament and can participate in proceedings of it.
• He can also take part in the joint sitting of both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and in any of Parliamentary Committees
• in which he is named as a member but has no right to vote.

Additional Information 

• Solicitor General of India:
• The Solicitor General of India is subordinate to the Attorney General for India.
• He/She is the second law officer of the country, assists the Attorney General.
• He/She is himself/herself assisted by Additional Solicitors General for India.
• Comptroller and Auditor General of India:
• The Comptroller and Auditor General of India are the Constitutional Authority in India, established under Article 148 of the Constitution of India.
• Chief Election Commissioner:
• The President appoints Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners.
• They have a fixed tenure of six years, or up to the age of 65 years.
• The commission consists of one Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners.
• Chief Election Commissioner enjoys the same status and receives salary and perks as available to Judges of the Supreme Court of India.

The correct answer is Kutch.

Key Points

• The Kutch Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary (also called the Lala Purjan Sanctuary) is a great place to view various species of the Great Indian Bustard family. The sanctuary was set up in 1992 to protect this endangered bird.
• Kutch Bustard Sanctuary or Kachchh Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary, also known as Lala–Parjan Sanctuary, is located near Jakhau village in Taluka Abdasa, Gujarat, India.
• The great Indian bustard or Indian bustard is a bustard found on the Indian subcontinent. A large bird with a horizontal body and long bare legs, giving it an ostrich-like appearance, this bird is among the heaviest of the flying birds.
• In 1994 great Indian bustards were listed as an endangered species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. By 2011, however, the population decline was so severe that the IUCN reclassified the species as critically endangered.

Additional Information

• Formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, the Keoladeo National Park is recognized as one of the world's most important bird breeding and feeding grounds. It originated as a royal hunting reserve during the 1850s and was a game reserve for Maharajas and the British.
• Bharatpur is also home to one of the world's best-known bird-watching destinations, Keoladeo Ghana National Park (KNP). 250 years ago, the then-ruler built embankments that allowed flooding of this land, turning it into a marsh.
• Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is situated at Kumarakom in Kottayam taluk of Kottayam district in the Indian state of Kerala, on the banks of Vembanad Lake. Set in the Kerala Backwaters, the bird sanctuary is visited by many migratory bird species.
• Vedanthangal sanctuaries are famous for their breeding heronry including cormorants, egrets, grey herons, open-billed storks, darters, spoonbill, white lbnis, night herons, grebes, grey pelicans, etc. Many migratory birds like garganey teals, shovellers, pintails, stilts, sandpipers, etc. Visit the sanctuary in winter.

Thus, the Kutch bird sanctuary in India is famous for Indian Bustards.

The correct answer is Japan.

Key Points

• A continental multi-sport competition between athletes from all over Asia is conducted every four years and is referred to as the Asian Games or Asiad.
• From the first games in New Delhi, India, until the Games in 1978, the Games were governed by the Asian Games Federation (AGF).
• Following the dissolution of the Asian Games Federation, they have been organized since the 1982 Games by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA).
• The Asian Games are regarded as the second-largest multi-sport event after the Olympic Games and are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
• Participation in the Games is open to all 45 members of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA).
• The next Asian Games in 2026 will be hosted by Japan.
• Japan hosted the third and twelfth Asian Games, at Tokyo in 1958 and Hiroshima in1994, respectively.
• Japan  will host the Asian Games tournament for the third time when the 20^th Asian Games will take place in Aichi-Nagoya in 2026.

Additional Information

• The 2018 Asian Games, often referred to as Jakarta-Palembang 2018 or Indonesia 2018, were a continental multi-sport competition that took place in Jakarta and Palembang from August 18 to September 2, 2018. They were officially known as the 18^th Asian Games.
• For the first time, two regions jointly hosted the Summer Asian Games: Palembang, the capital of South Sumatra state, and Jakarta, the Indonesian capital.
• The COVID-19 epidemic has forced the postponement of the 2022 Asian Games, which were scheduled to be held in Hangzhou, China, from September 10 to 25.
• The Asian Games 2023 will be held at Hanzhou, China, between September 23, 2023, to October 8, 2023.
• The Asian Games have already been held twice in India at New Delhi. India hosted the first Asian Games in 1951 and the second time was in 1982.
• For the first Asian Games, which took place in 1951, India served as the host country.

The correct answer is option 1. 

In News

• India recently lost another Mirage 2000 fighter jet during a routine flying exercise, raising concerns about aging fighter fleets.

Key Points

• About Mirage 2000:
• Manufactured by Dassault Aviation, it is a French multirole, single-engine, fourth-generation fighter jet. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Designed for all-weather penetration at low altitudes.
• Capable of launching both Air-to-Air and Surface-to-Air Missiles.
• Combat Range: 1,550 km
• Maximum Speed: Mach 2.2 (2,530 km/h)
• Service History:
• Over 600 Mirage 2000 jets have been built and are in service with nine nations, including France, India, Greece, and the UAE. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• Mirage 2000 in the Kargil War:
• Played a crucial role in Operation Safed Sagar during the Kargil War in 1999.
• Used for laser-guided bombings to destroy strategic Pakistani positions, including Tiger Hill.

Additional Information

• Why is it significant for India?
• The Mirage 2000’s impressive performance prompted India to procure more units post-1999.
• It remains critical for missions in challenging terrains and harsh climates.
• Global Operators:
• Apart from India and France, nations like Greece, UAE, and Egypt operate Mirage 2000s, showcasing its global adaptability and performance.

​The correct answer is F.R.I. Dehradun.

Key Points 

• The Forest Research Institute (FRI) is a Natural Resource Service training institute of the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education and is a premier institution in the field of forestry research in India for Indian Forest Service cadres and all State Forest Service cadres.
• It is located at Dehradun in Uttarakhand and is among the oldest institutions of its kind.
• In 1991, it was declared a deemed university by the University Grants Commission.
• The Forest Research Institute campus hosts the Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA), the staff college that trains officers selected for the Indian Forest Service (IFS).
• It was founded in 1878 as the British Imperial Forest School by Dietrich Brandis.
• In 1906, it was reestablished as the Imperial Forest Research Institute, under the British Imperial Forestry Service.
• Chandhbagh (the present location of the Doon School) on Mall Road.
• C. G. Blomfield British Architect had designed the building of Forest Research Institute (FRI).
• The Forest Research Institute (FRI) Dehradun, was first situated at
• Construction of the new buildings commenced thereafter. Styled in Greco-Roman Architecture by C.G. Blomfield, the main building was inaugurated in 1929 by then Viceroy Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1^st Marquess of Willingdon.
• It is now a National Heritage site.
• FRI and College Area campus is a census town, between Kaulagarh in the north and the Indian Military Academy to the south. The Tons River forms its Western Boundary.
• The building was listed for a time, in the Guinness Book of Records, as the largest purely brick structure in the world.
• The institute has a developed infrastructure of all equipped laboratories, library, herbarium, arboreta, printing press, and experimental field areas for conducting forestry research, quite in keeping with the best of its kind anywhere in the world.
• It is 7 km from Clock Tower, on the Dehradun-Chakrata motorable road.
• It is the biggest forest-based training institute in India.
• The FRI's building also houses a Botanical Museum and there are many different kinds of trees from around the world.

The correct answer is Jammu & Kashmir.

Key Points

• Baglihar Dam is built on Chenab River in the Doda district of Jammu & Kashmir.
• It consists of a gravity concrete dam 143 m high and 363 m long, which has a total volume of 1.9 million m³, creating a reservoir with a capacity of 475 million m³.
• The first power project executed by the Jammu and Kashmir Power Development Corporation.
• Salal dam is built on the Chenab river.​

Additional Information

• Important Dam:

The correct answer is Cairo.

Key Points

• The capital city of Egypt is Cairo.
• It is located on the Nile River.
• The Nile is the longest river in Africa and the drainage basin of the Nile River covers 11 countries.
• The Nile is about 6,650 km in length.
• Cairo is the largest city in the Arab world.

Additional Information

• El Salvador:-
• ​San Salvador is the capital and the largest city of El Salvador and its eponymous department.
• It is the country's political, cultural, educational and financial centre.
• Berlin
• Berlin is the capital of Germany and is located on Spree river.
• Berlin is the largest city of Germany with regard to population and area.
• Spree river flows through the states of Germany such as Saxony, Brandenburg and Berlin.
• Spree river is about 400 km of length.
• Havana
• ​Havana is the capital of Cuba.

The correct answer is S. Venkataraghavan.

Key Points:

• Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan is a former Indian cricketer.
• In 1975, S. Venkataraghavan captained the Indian cricket team in the inaugural World Cup.
• He captained the Indian cricket team in the first two ICC Cricket World Cups and later became an umpire on the elite International Cricket Council Test panel.
• His Test career was one of the longest for amongst other Indian players.
• He also played for Derbyshire in English county cricket from the year 1973 to 1975.
• He has received the civic honour of the Padma Shri.

Additional Information: 

• Bishan Singh Bedi:
• ​Bishan Singh Bedi is a former Indian cricketer best known for his slow left-arm orthodox bowling.
• From 1966 until 1979, he was a member of India's legendary spin quartet in Test cricket.
• G.R. Vishwanath:
• ​Gundappa Ranganath Viswanath is a former Indian cricketer.
• Throughout the 1970s, Vishwanath was regarded as one of the best India's batsmen.
• Viswanath represented India in Test cricket from 1969 to 1983, appearing in 91 games and amassing over 6,000 runs.
• Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi:
• ​Nawab Mohammad Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi was a former Indian cricket captain and batsman.
• Pataudi was named India's cricket captain at the age of 21 and is regarded as "one of (its) greatest".
• Pataudi was also known as the "greatest fielder in the world" during his time.

The correct answer is 33%. 

Key Points

• According to the National Forest Policy of 1952, forests must constitute 33% of the land area for the maintenance of ecological balance.
• National Forest Policy (1988) of India has recommended 33 percent forest cover for the plains and 67 percent for the hills.
• The present forest cover of 20.4 percent is quite small as compared to the optimum of 33 percent according to the 'National Forest Policy', 1988.
• It recommends 67 percent forest cover in the hills. Presently, dense forests occur in only 11.78 percent. Very dense forests occupy only 1.66 percent.

Additional Information

• The latest edition of India’s State of Forest Report 2021, has been published by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
• The report contains comprehensive statistics regarding the forests and trees that are present within the Indian territory.
• This report contains data for individual states, zones, and national levels.
• The first such report was published in the year of 1987, and ISFR 2021 is the 17^th edition.
• It is published after every two years and the 2021 report is preceded by the 2019 report.

Thus, According to the National Forest Policy, the forest area is considered to be 33%.

The correct answer is Mount Fuji

In News

• India and Japan to hold 6^th Dharma Guardian exercise at Mount Fuji from February 25 to March 9, 2025.

Key Points

• Focus on joint urban warfare and counter-terrorism drills under a UN mandate to improve interoperability.
• Follows Indian General Upendra Dwivedi’s Japan visit in October 2024, reinforcing defence cooperation.
• Strengthens strategic partnership, sharing tactics and operational strategies.
• Gains significance amid Indo-Pacific security challenges, promoting regional stability.
• Includes cultural and professional exchanges for better mutual understanding.
• Seen as a step towards collective security with long-term benefits for bilateral and regional cooperation.

The correct answer is Maritime Partnership for Peace and Stability.

In News

• INS Shardul and P8I joined Exercise Komodo, a multilateral naval drill to enhance maritime interoperability.

Key Points

• The theme of MNEK 2025 is "Maritime Partnership for Peace and Stability".
• This theme emphasizes fostering cooperation among naval forces for peace and stability in maritime regions.
• The exercise includes humanitarian drills and focuses on disaster relief, both on land and sea.
• It aims to address evolving maritime security challenges through increased collaboration among participating nations.

Additional Information

• MNEK History
• Launched in 2014, the event has been held biennially.
• The Indonesian Navy organizes MNEK to enhance maritime cooperation between friendly nations.
• The exercise includes a variety of events such as naval drills, cultural performances, and defense exhibitions.
• Participating Nations
• 39 countries, including Türkiye, are part of the MNEK 2025.
• In addition to warships, the event also involves naval aircraft and helicopters.

The correct answer is Only 1 and 2.

In News

• The 3^rd edition of Joint Special Forces Exercise CYCLONE-III commenced at Mahajan Field Firing Ranges in Rajasthan on 10^th February 2025.
• It is an annual bilateral special forces exercise between India and Egypt.
• The last edition was conducted in Egypt in January 2024, while the first edition took place in India.

Key Points

• Statement 1 is correct: The 2025 edition of Exercise CYCLONE-III is being held at Mahajan Field Firing Ranges, Rajasthan.
• Statement 2 is correct: The first edition of Exercise CYCLONE was conducted in India.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: CYCLONE-III is not a multi-domain exercise. It is a special forces exercise involving only the Army, not including the Air Force and Navy.

Additional Information

• Exercise CYCLONE: A bilateral military exercise conducted between India and Egypt on an annual basis.
• Location Alternation: The exercise is held alternatively in India and Egypt to strengthen military cooperation.
• Participants: Each contingent comprises 25 personnel from Special Forces units of both nations.
• Focus Areas: Joint tactical drills, counter-terrorism operations, and an overview of defence manufacturing.
• Current Edition: The 3^rd edition is held from 10^th to 23^rd February 2025 in Rajasthan.

The correct answer is option 4. 

In News

• At least 12 suspected Maoists were killed in a gunfight with security forces inside the Udanti Sitanadi Tiger Reserve in Chhattisgarh’s Gariaband district recently.

Key Points

• Location:
• Udanti Sitanadi Tiger Reserve is located in the Dhamtari District of Chhattisgarh. Hence, option 4 is correct.
• Formation:
• It was established by combining the Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary and Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary, which are named after the rivers Udanti and Sitanadi that flow through these regions.
• Strategic Significance:
• The reserve forms a contiguous forest corridor with the Kanker and North Kondagaon forest divisions, connecting to the Indravati Tiger Reserve in the Bastar region.
• Area:
• It covers a total area of 1,872 sq. km.
• Flora and Fauna:
• Flora: Dominated by dry deciduous and tropical vegetation, with areas of Sal forest.
• Fauna: Tigers, wild buffaloes, sloth bears, panthers, and various antelope species.
• Wild Buffaloes: Along with the Indravati Tiger Reserve, it serves as a critical refuge for the highly endangered wild buffalo.