UPPSC AE General Studies 2013 Official Paper II (Previous Year Paper)

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Pigeon.

• Greater Flamingos, Pigeons, Emperor Penguins are the following birds have been known to produce milk.
• The best known of these secretions is the "crop milk" that pigeons feed to squabs. It is extremely high in protein and fat, containing higher levels than cow or human milk.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e 25 cm.

• Least distance of clear vision is the minimum distance of object from eye to have its clear image.
• For normal human eye, least distance of distinct vision is 25cm.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e decreases.

CONCEPT:

• Conductor: The material that allows the electric current to flow through them is called the conductor.
• The resistance of a conductor increases by increasing the temperature.
• Semiconductor: It is a substance or material that is neither a good conductor of electricity nor a good insulator, but has properties of electrical conductivity somewhere between the two.
• The two most frequently used semiconductors are (i) germanium (Ge) and (ii) silicon (Si).

​EXPLANATION:

• In a semiconductor, as the temperature increases, the electrons get excited and jump from the valance band into the conduction band and thereby increases conductance resulting in the decrease of resistance.
• Hence on increasing temperature, the resistance of semiconductors decreases. So option 2 is correct.

The Correct Answer is Option 4

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Vitamin C.

Key Points

• Water-soluble vitamins are very much sensitive and are destroyed due to cooking. Water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B complex and vitamin C, leach into the cooking water, these vitamins are destroyed by heat.
• Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K, leach into cooking oils.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Zinc.

• Galvanization is the process in which iron or steel is coated with a layer of zinc to prevent it from rusting.
• Hot dip galvanization is the most common method in which which the parts are submerged in a bath of molten hot zinc.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Ultraviolet rays.

• Ultraviolet (UV) rays are invisible rays that are part of the energy that comes from the sun.
• Melanin is a protective pigment in the skin that blocks these UV radiations from damaging DNA and potentially causing skin cancer.
• Infra-red rays: The body doesn't absorb much of IR radiation but the IR radiations will be reflected back from the surface which is the cause of global warming. Infrared is also used in a variety of applications. Among the most well-known are heat sensors, thermal imaging and night vision equipment.
• X rays have relatively short wavelengths so they pass from the body without causing much harm to DNA.
• Ultrasonic waves are sound waves, can cause cell damage and are mainly used for diagnostic purposes.

The correct answer is Ostrich.

Important Points

• Ostrich: The flightless ostrich is the world's largest bird. Though they cannot fly, ostriches are fleet, strong runners. They have the ability to run at maximum speeds of about 45 mph.
• Peacocks:  Peacocks are also one of the fastest running birds which can run at a speed of 10 mph.
• Cranes are flying birds and they can sustain speeds of 30 mph by flying with flapping winds.
• Kiwi is also a flightless bird native to New Zealand which can fly up a maximum 19 kmph.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Pranab Mukerjee.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e 1993 A.D.

National Human Right Commission:

• National Human Rights Commission is a statutory body established in 12th October year 1993 under the provisions of human rights act 1993.
• The chairman and members of the commission are appointed by the President on the recommendation of six member committee. They can be removed by the President on certain grounds.
• The chairman and members of the commission hold office for a term of 3 years or until they attain the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier. After their tenure they are not eligible for further employment under the central or state government.

Composition:

• The Commission is a multi member body with some permanent members and some ex-office members.

1. Chairperson, who has been a Chief Justice of Supreme Court of India
2. One member who is or has been, a judge of Supreme Court of India
3. One member who is or has been, a Chief Justice of High Court
4. Two members to be appointed from among persons having knowledge or practical experience in the field of Human Rights

• Ex-Officio members include chairpersons of the following National commissions

1. National Commission for Minorities
2. National Commission for Schedule Castes
3. National Commission for Schedule Tribes
4. National Commission for Women

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Bihar.

Rajgir: A sacred religious site in Bihar

• Rajgir, previously known as Rajgrahi, is a small hilly valley on the peak of vulture in Nalanda District and is surrounded by other seven small hills.
• This place is considered sacred by all Buddhists, Jain, and Hindus.
• King Bimbisara of the Haryanka dynasty treated Rajgir as his capital.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Avatar.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Russia.

• In 2015 Forbes magazine also ranked Russia as the single worst economy in the world and however, it had recovered slightly by late 2017.
• Russia suffered a recession on the back of dropping crude oil prices as Russia's economy is heavily dependent on crude oil and natural gas.

The correct answer is option 1.

• A variety of fishes are helpful in controlling mosquito populations.
• The fishes eat the mosquito Larvae and bring down the increase in numbers.
• Gambusia fish is widely used to control the mosquito population.
• Other larvivorus fishes that can be used are Aphanius, Valencia, Ruvulus, Fundulus, etc.
• But sometimes the introduction of larvivorous fishes can harm the native species and disrupt ecosystems.

Other biological methods for control of Mosquito:

• Introduction of Bacteria that disrupt the digestive system of larvae, can kill them within a few days.
• Algae that are specifically toxic to mosquito can be introduced in the water body. For eg. Blue-Green Algae.
• Sterilizing male mosquito can also be helpful, as they would not be able to produce offsprings.

The correct answer is option 4.

• An elevated spot in Janeshwar Misra park in Lucknow has been designated as Speaker's corner.
• The concept has been modeled on the lines of a similar site in Hyde Park, London.
• The decision to set up Speaker's corner has been taken by the CM Akhilesh Yadav to encourage people to speak their mind out ad foster healthy discussions.
• The platform has been named as 'Bol.....ki lab azad hain tere'.
• This platform will be used by the common man to express his views but without disturbing communal harmony and peace.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Mars Orbiter Mission.

Key Points

'Mangalyan' MOM:

• Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), the maiden interplanetary mission of ISRO, launched on November 5, 2013, by PSLV-C25 got inserted into Martian orbit on September 24, 2014, in its first attempt.
• Mangalyan success makes India only the fourth entity to put spacecraft in Mars orbit after the United States, the Soviet Union, and the European Space Agency.
• India is the first Asian country to successfully place a spacecraft in orbit around Mars and the first country anywhere to do so in the first attempt.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Eighth.

• India defeated Australia in the T20 (3-0) series held in Sydney in 2016 and thereby jumps from 8th position to top position in the ICC ranking.
• Kohli was named the player of the series.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e 117^th.

World Happiness Index:

• It is an annual publication of the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network.
• The first Happiness report was released in 2012.
• India was ranked 117 in World Happiness Index 2015 whereas Switzerland topped the list.
• Whereas per the 2019 index, Finland topped the list and India was ranked 140.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Lucknow.

• With escalating cybercrimes, Uttar Pradesh is set to establish its first cyber police station in Lucknow.
• Maharastra is the first state in the country to have a cyber police station in all districts.

The correct answer is option 2.

Project Sunrise:

• This five-year project has been launched by JP Nadda for the prevention of AIDS in people with drug injecting habits in eight Northeastern states.
• Project sunrise will complement the already existing National AIDS Control Programme.
• It aims to improve the coverage, quality, and scale of HIV control measures being taken up.
• It will be funded by the CDC (USA) and will be implemented by it in coordination with state AIDS control organizations and other NGOs.
• The project will focus on identifying about 90% of drug addicts with HIV and start their treatment.
• The project will follow a data-driven approach to reach out to the target population.
• A GIS-based real-time monitoring system will be developed to track the data service delivery points.
• Central, State and district level prisons will also be covered.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Kerala.

• India's first Defence Industrial Park will be set up in Ottappalam, Kerala.
• The proposed 231 crore defence components park is to be established in Ottapalam, Kerala
• It was to be set up as a part of Union government's flagship Make in India programme and the state governments make in Kerala project.

The Correct Answer is Option 2

• National Air Quality Index was launched in 2014 as a part of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
• The index will measure eight major pollutants namely:

1. PM 10
2. PM2.5
3. Nitrogen Dioxide
4. Sulphur Dioxide
5. Ozone
6. Carbon monoxide
7. Ammonia
8. Lead

The correct answer is option 4.

• BGR (Blood Glucose Regulator) - 34 is an anti-diabetic drug launched by Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
• It is an ayurvedic drug beneficial for type 2 diabetic patients.
• This medicine is developed by the National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) and the Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP).

Diabetes: It is a health condition in which Blood Glucose levels start increasing. Commonly there are two types of Diabetes:

• Type 1: In this, the patient's body stops producing Insulin, which leads to increased glucose levels in the blood.
• Type 2: In this type of diabetes, Insulin is produced but the human body becomes insulin resistant. It is not able to utilise insulin effectively to regulate blood glucose levels.

How does BGR - 34 helps treating type 2 diabetes?

• Helps in the revival of beta cells of Pancreas.
• Acts as DPP - 4 inhibitor.

*Insulin: A hormone produced in the liver and pancreas that regulates glucose levels in the blood.

*Beta cells: Cells present in the pancreas that produce Insulin.

*DPP 4: An enzyme that destroys incretin hormone. Incretin helps the body release insulin only when needed.

Option 2 is the correct answer.

Key Points

• Every year World Cancer Day is observed on 4^th February.
• This initiative is led by the Union for International Cancer Control to raise awareness regarding this disease worldwide.
• The legacy was started in the year 2000, after the adoption of the Paris Charter.
• It is also known as the Charter of Paris against Cancer.

The correct answer is option 3.

The infection of the Zika virus in a pregnant lady can cause microcephaly in the baby.

Zika Virus disease:

• It is an illness caused by the Zika virus.
• Symptoms: Fever, Rash, Inflammation of the Conjunctiva, Muscle pain, Headache.
• Zika fever in pregnant mothers can lead to microcephaly and other congenital disorders in an infant.
• It can also trigger Gillian Barré Syndrome (immune system attacks healthy nerve cells that can eventually lead to paralysis).

Zika virus:

• It is a single-stranded RNA virus from the flavivirus family.
• Carrier: Aedes mosquito.
• Mode of Transmission:

1. ​Mosquito bite
2. Blood transfusion
3. Sexual transmission

• It was first discovered in a monkey (1947) and then in humans (1952) in Uganda.
• Outbreaks: Major Zika virus outbreaks have been reported in Tropical countries.

1. Island of Yap (2007).
2. French Polynesia (2013).
3. Brazil (2015).

Option 4 is the correct answer.

• Kerela became the first to launch the 'Gender taxi'.
• G-Taxi is to be owned and operated by transgenders.
• Kerela also launched She-Taxi, A 24X7 cab service dedicated to women.

Status of transgenders in India:

• The transgender community was given the status of 'third gender' in April 2014.
• This judgment was given by Justice KN Radhakrishnan in the National Legal Services Authority v/s Union of India case.
• Transgender Persons ( Protection of rights) act was also passed by the Parliament in November 2019.
• The act gave a definition of Transgender and prohibited any kind of discrimination against the community.
• In 2009 Election Commission for the first time recognized transgenders different from male or female, and were allowed to chose 'others' as their gender.
• Transgenders were acknowledged for the first time in the census of 2011, according to which their population is around 4.88 lakhs.

Other initiatives for their betterment:

• Odisha became the first state to provide pension and food security to this community.
• Kerela was also the first state to issue establish welfare policy for transgenders.
• Odisha government also launched the SWEEKRUTI program for the betterment of the community.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Delhi High Court.

• The Delhi High court ruled a landmark verdict in 2017 as the eldest female member of a family can be its "Karta".
• Karta denotes the managership of a joint family and is traditionally inherited by men.
• Verdict: If a male member of Hindu Undived Family, by virtue of his being the firstborn eldest, can be a Karta, so can a female member. The court finds no restriction in law preventing the eldest female co-parent of a Hindu Undivided Family from being its Karta

The correct answer is Option 1, i.e Henri Tiphangne.

• Indian lawyer and human rights defender Henri Tiphagne was awarded the 8th Human Rights Award by Amnesty International Germany.
• The award was presented as a recognition of Henri Tiphagne’s exceptional commitment to human rights.
• Henri Tiphagne is the founder of the organization People’s Watch, one of the most notable human rights organizations in India.
• People’s Watch has been researching and documenting human rights violations, as well as providing legal representation to those affected, for over 20 years.
• The organization also actively supports human rights education.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Lord Irwin.

• Deepavali Declaration, that India would be granted Dominion Status in due course was issued in 1929 by Lord Irwin.
• Important events took place during his period:
• Visit of the Simon Commission (1928)
• Nehru Report (1928)
• Jinnah's 14 points
• Murder of Saunders (1929)
• Chittagong armory raid (1930)
• Civils Disobedience Movement (1930)
• Lahore conspiracy case 1928-31
• First Round table conference (1930)in London
• Gandhi Irwin pact 1931

The Correct Answer is Option 3.

• Lord canning became the last governor-general and first viceroy of India.

The Correct Answer is Option 2.

• Punjab province of British India came forward with a plan for united and independent existence.
• Prior to the Independence of India, Assam province was granted self-rule and on August 15, 1947, became part of Indian Union
• As a part of the Partition of India, Bengal province got divided into west Bengal, became a state of India and East Bengal, was renamed east Pakistan and later became the independent nation of Bangladesh after the Bangladesh Liberation war of 1971.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e 1833 A.D.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy:

• In 1830 Raja Ram Mohan Roy went to England as an ambassador of the Mughal empire to ensure that Bentick's Bengal Sati Regulation 1829 banning the practice of Sati was not overturned and also to petition the king about the increase in Mughal emperors allowance and prerequisites. later after a few years, he died there in England in 1833 A.D due to meningitis.
• Akbar II gave the title Raja to Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
• He brought out a newspaper in Persian called 'Miratul-Akbar' (the Mirror of News) and a Bengali weekly called 'Sambad Kaumudi' (the Moon of Intelligence).
• He is sometimes called the father of modern India.
• He was popularly known as the Father of the Indian Renaissance.
• He founded an organization called 'Brahmo Samaj'

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Warren Hastings

• The policy of ring-fence was given by Warren Hastings(1774-85). It was to protect the company's territories from neighbor outskirts e.g-Bengal by his military troops at the expense of the buffered state, the state on which this policy was imposed.
• Lord Hastings(1813-1823) adopted the policy of Intervention and War. He introduced the Ryotwari settlement in Madras by Thomas Munro.
• Sir John Shore(1793-1798) famous for his policy of Non-Interference. He introduced the 1st Charter Act 1793.
• Lord Cornwallis (1789-93): First person to codify laws in 1793.
• Created post of a district judge.
• Introduced a permanent settlement system in Bengal (1793).
• Cornwallis is called 'the father of civil service in India'.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Amherst. 

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e 2^nd.

• Time Person of the Year is an annual issue of the United States news magazine Time.
• Angela Markel (Chancellor of Germany) named 2015 Time Person of the Year while Al-Baghdadi was in the second position.
• Greta Thunberg (Environmental activist) named 2019 Time Person of the Year while Trump stood as the runner up.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Valentine Chirol.

Bala Gangadhar Tilak:

• Valentine Chirol called tilak as the ''Father of Indian Unrest".
• He was also conferred with the title of "Lokmanya", which means accepted b the people
• M.K. Gandhi called him "The Maker of Modern India"

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Dr. Rajendra Prasad

The correct answer is Jaunpur.

• Shiraz-e-Hind is the historical name of Jaunpur when the city was founded by Feroz Shah Tughlaq and named in the memory of Mohd. bin Tughlaq, whose given name was Jauna Khan.

Key Points

• Feroz Shah Tughlaq:
• He established Diwan-i-Khairat (charity development) and Diwan-i-Bandagan (department of slaves).
• He also made the Iqtadari system hereditary.
• He developed royal factories called Karkhanas in which thousands of slaves were employed.
• He established four towns: Jaunpur, Hisar, Fatehabad, and Firozabad.
• He established a free hospital called 'Dar-ul-Shafa' for the poor.
• Md. bin Tughlaq:
• He built a road from Delhi to Deogir and also set up rest houses for the people.
• He introduced Bronze coins or Jittal of the same value as silver coins (Tanka).
• He established the department of agriculture known as 'Diwan-i-Kohi'.
• He provided agricultural loan 'Takavi' to farmers.

Source:

https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredibleindia/en/destinations/jaunpur.html

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Rock Edict XII.

Ashoka:

• Ashoka is referred as Buddhsakya in Maski Inscription and Dharmakosa in his Sarnath Inscription.
• He was known as Devampiya i.e. beloved oof Goda, and as Piyadassi i.e. of pleasing appearance.
• Ashoka believed in the policy of Dhamma.
• Ashoka's visit to Lumbini and exemption of Lumbini from tax was mentioned in Rumminidei Pillar Inscription.
• The Kandhar Inscription speaks about the success of his policy with the hunters and fishermen.
• Nigalisagar Pillar Inscription: It mentions that Ashoka increased the height of the stupa of Buddha Konakamana to its double size.

The Correct Answer is Option 3  i.e Kabul

• Babur reached beyond Hindukush in the year 1504 and when a war of succession was going on between king of Kabul, Muqim of Arghun dynasty and the nobles or Armirs, Babur took advantage of the situation and turned the nobles to his side and defeated Muqim and occupied Kabul by becoming himself the king of Kabul, and thereby here he assumed the title Badshah or emperor.
• Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat 1526.
• Babur wrote his autobiography in his book "Tuzuk-i-Baburi" in Turki Langauge.

The Correct Answer is Option 3  i.e Ferozshah Tughlaq.

Key Points

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e  Policy of non-intervention

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Vijayanagar Empire.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Ahmednagar.

• Part of Ahmednagar under the ruler of Chand Bibi (regent of Bahadur Shah) was conquered by Akbar. The Ahmednagar Sultanate was finally conquered by Aurangzeb in 1636 AD, who was then the Mughal viceroy of Deccan.
• In 1574, the Berar Sultanate was annexed by the Ahmednagar kingdom under by Murtaza Shah.
• Bidar was annexed by Ibrahim Adil Shah II of the Bijapur Sultanate in 1619.
• The Bijapur Sultanate was annexed into the Mughal Empire by Aurangzeb in 1686.
• Golconda was annexed into the Mughal Empire by Aurangzeb in 1687.

The Bahmani Kingdom got divided into Five Deccan sultanates of different dynasties

1. Imadshahi Dynasty – Berar (Maharashtra)
2. Adilshahi Dynasty - Bijapur (Karnataka)
3. Nizamshahi Dynasty - Ahmednagar (Maharashtra)
4. Qutub shahi Dynast - Golconda (Hyderabad)
5. Baridshahi Dynasty – Bidar (Karanataka)

• Adilshahi Dynasty, Nizamshahi Dynasty, Qutub shahi Dynasty, and Baridshahi Dynasty vs Vijayanagar ⇒ Vijayanagar was defeated in the “battle of Thallikota 1565”

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e K.R. Qanungo.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Mesolithic period.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Parushni.

• The battle that was fought between Bharatas on one hand and the host of ten chiefs on the other was known as Battle of Ten Kings (Dasraja).
• This battle was fought on the river Parushni, and it gave victory to Sudas, king of Bharatas and established their rule in the upper Gangetic basin where they played an important role in later Vedic times.
• | Rigvedic Name of rivers | Present Name of rivers | | --- | --- | | Sindhu | Indus | | Satudri | Satluj | | Vipas | Beas | | Parushni | Ravi | | Asikni | Chenab | | Vitasta | Jhelam |

The correct answer is Banawali.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Persian.

Key Points:

• Mughal's official language is Persian since the Mughals have been greatly influenced by Persian art and architecture and since also their roots are traced back to Persia and most of the workers who learned people came from Persia and settled in India.
• For the ease of administration purposes also Mughals made Persia as their official language.
• Founder of the Mughal Dynasty: Babur.
• Babur:
• ​He wrote his autobiography in his book "Tuzuk-i-Baburi" in the Turki language.
• He built two mosques - Kabulibagh in Panipat and Sambhal in Rohilakhand.
• Humayun: Babur was succeeded by his eldest son Humayun.
• Humayun got defeated by Sher Khan in the Battle of Kannauj in 1540.
• Humayun defeated the Afghans in 1555.
• Akbar: After the death of Humayun, Mughals were reorganized under Bairam Khan, acted as a regent of Akbar and Akbar emerged victorious in the 2nd battle of Panipat 1556 with the help of Bairam khan.
• Akbar introduced Din-i-Ilahi mainly aimed to bridge the gap between all religions.
• Fatehpur Sikri was built by Akbar
• Jahangir: Beheaded 5th Sikh Guru Arjun Dev
• Wrote his autobiography "Tuzuk-i-Jahangir".
• Marathas joined Mughal services during Jahangir.
• Moti Masjid (Lahore), built by Jahangir.
• Shahjahan: He effectively solved the problem of south India by signing a treaty in 1636  with Bijapur and Golconda and put it under the leadership of his son Aurangzeb.
• The most important building of Shahjahan is Tajmahal.
• He is called Prince of Builders.
• Aurangzeb: Assumed the title Alamgir. which means the "conqueror of the world".
• The maximum number of Hindu Mansabdars were recruited during Aurangzeb.
• Beheaded 9th Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e. Part 15th

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e 73rd.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Article 249

Option 3 is the correct answer.

• R. W. K. Hinton had addressed Prime Minister as an Elected Monarch.
• He said this on air on BBC Third Programme in 1960.
• Later that address was published as an article titled 'The Prime Minister as an Elected Monarch'.

Option 4 is the correct answer.

First draft of the Indian constitution was prepared by B N Rau.

• Constituent Assembly had appointed 22 committees and assigned different issues to deal with.
• These committees submitted their reports between April and August 1947.
• Then based on these reports BN Rau, the constitutional advisor to the constituent assembly drafted the initial draft of the Indian constitution in October 1947.
• That draft contained 240 clauses and 13 schedules.
• Then this draft was forwarded to the Drafting Committee for further procedure.

Other Important facts:

• On the first meeting of Constituent Assembly name of Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was proposed for the presidentship.
• Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected the President of the Constituent Assembly on December 11, 1946.
• Dr BR Ambedkar was chairman of the Drafting Committee.
• Constituent Assembly held 11 sessions and took 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to frame the constitution.
• On 26^th November 1949, Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution and a few provisions were given effect.
• The complete constitution was enforced on January 26, 1950.

The correct answer is option 4.

Article 24 bars the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine or other hazardous activity.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Part IV A.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Article 350 A.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Yielding the floor.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Bombay.

First state to be bifurcated after independence was Madras in 1953. Andhra Pradesh was carved out of Madras as the first state to be formed based on the linguistic purpose for the Telugu Speaking People on 1st October 1953. The next state to be bifurcated was Bombay.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Article 356.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e None of the Articles.

The Correct Answer is Option 1. i. e  Swaransingh Committee.

Fundamental Duties:

• Fundamental Duties of the citizen are incorporated in Article 51 A, Part IV A of the Constitution through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act 1976.
• Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable in nature.
• Parliament can enforce it through proper legislation.
• Fundamental duties put the only moral obligation on citizens.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Article 40.

Key Points

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e 97.

• The Seventh Schedule of the Indian constitution defines and specifies the allocation of powers and functions between the union and states:
• It contains three lists:
• Union list - 97 items
• State list - 66 items
• Concurrent List - 47 items
• note-It originally had 97 subjects. Now, it has 100 subjects
  

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e 552 & 250. 

• Loksabha:
• The maximum strength of the House is 552 members. Out of this:-
• 530 members to represent the states, 20 members to represent the UT's.
• At present, the strength of the House is 545.
• Rajyasabha
• The maximum strength of the House is 250 members.
• Out of 250, 238 are representatives of the states and of the two UT's and 12 are nominated by the president.
• The present strength of Rajyasabha, however, is 245, out of which 233 are representatives of the states and UT's of Delhi and Puducherry and 12 are nominated by the president.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e 1952 A.D.

• The community development program was started in India, just after independence in 1952.
• It was a multi-project program with the aim of the overall development of rural people.
• It also aimed at improving the standard of living of the village people.
• Through the Community development projects, village people are also given training in administrative activities.
• The programs of community development are carried out by three basic institutions at the village level: Village panchayat, cooperative societies, village school.
• The program launched in 1952 was extended to wider areas at the end of the First Five Year plan.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

• Dr. B. R. Ambedkar made the statement 'The states are not vassals of the Union'.
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar said, " the states in our constitution are in no way dependent upon the center for their legislative authority".
• Ivor Jennings described the Indian Constitution as the heaven of the lawyer's paradise. He wrote ' India has a federation, with a strong centralizing tendency'.
• According to KC Wheare, in practice, the Constitution of India is quasi-federal in nature and not strictly federal.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Britain.

• The office of the president of India is based upon the British Queen who is a ceremonial head of the state.
• Our Prime Minister is also a replica of the British Prime Minister.

Provisions borrowed from countries:

• USA:
• Impeachment of the President
• Functions of President and Vice President
• Fundamental Rights
• Judicial Review.
• U.S.S.R
• Fundamental duties
• The ideals of justice (social, economic and political), expressed in the preamble
• Britain:
• Single citizenship
• Cabinet system
• Bicameralism
• Rule of Law
• Parliamentary Government

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Rajya Sabha Alone.

Vice President

• He is the Ex- Officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
• The term of office is 5 years.
• No salary for the role of Vice President. Salary is for the role of ex-officio chairperson of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha).
• Vice President may be removed from his office by a resolution passed by Rajya Sabha with the majority of all the then members of the council and agreed to by the House of the people.
• Prior to passing the resolution in Rajya Sabha, a 14 days notice should be served to him.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Iceland.

Greenwich Meridian:

• The Zero Degree Longitude that passes through Greenwich, London is the Greenwich Meridian.
• It is also called the Prime Meridian.
• There are Eight Nations located on the Prime Meridian: Algeria, Burkina Faso**, Ghana, Mali**, Spain, Togo, and the United Kingdom.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram.

• Four Northeast Indian states share the border with Myanmar. They are Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, and Manipur.
• Arunachal Pradesh has the largest border with Myanmar.
• Order of sequence from North-South :
• Arunachal Pradesh
• Nagaland
• Manipur
• Mizoram

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Eight Degree Channel.

• Great Channel: It is between the Great Nicobar Islands and Sumatra Islands of Indonesia.
• Coco Channel: It separates Indian Island from Myanmar
• Eight Degree Channel: It separates the entire group of Lakshadweep Islands from the Maldives.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e 06.

Towns and Urban Agglomerations classified by Population size class in 2011

• Class I: Population of 100,000 and Above
• Class II: Population of 50,000 and 99,999
• Class III: Population of 20,000 and 49,999
• Class IV: Population of 10,000 and 19,999
• Class V: Population of 5,000 and 9,999
• Class VI: Population of less than 5,000

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Venus.

• Mercury closest planet to Sun.
• Venus is the Hottest Planet and also known as Earth's Twin. It is the Brightest planet in the solar system, also known as the Evening star and Morning Star.
• Mars is known as Red Planet because of Iron Rich red soil.
• Earth's Moon: Our only natural satellite is a stabilizing force that makes the planet a more pleasant place for life.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e 8.5 billion.

World Population Prospects:

• As per the world population prospects 2015, the current world population of 7.3 billion is expected to reach 8.5 billion by 2030, 9.7 billion in 2050, and 11.2 billion in 2100.
• The world population prospect report is published by the Population division of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Aizawl.

• The Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 states in India namely: Gujarath, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram.
• Among the given cities, Aizwal is nearest to Tropic of Cancer.
• Imphal city is in Manipur, so it does not pass through tropic of cancer.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Kathak.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Kerala.

• Karnataka is the Largest Producer of Coffee In India accounting for approximately 71% of the total production in India.
• Kerala is the Largest producer of Rubber in India accounting for more than 90% of total production in India.
• Tamil Nadu is the largest producer of cassava as well as the largest producer of bananas in India.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Bhutan.

• Bhutan: It is called the Land of Thunderbolt, due to the violent and large thunderstorms that whip down through the valleys from the Himalayas.
• Laos: It is known as "The Land of Million Elephants".
• Vietnam: It is famously known as the "Land of Ascending Dragon" for its geographical shape on the world map.
• Cambodia: It is known as the Land of Khmer.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Nile River

• Nile: River in Africa
• Nile River is the longest river in the world, called the Father of African Rivers.
• It raises south of the Equator and flows northward through northeastern Africa to drain into the Mediterranean Sea.
• It has a length of about 4,132 miles (6,650 kilometers).
• Amazon (River in South America) is the second-longest river in the world, after the Nile River.
• Yellow River (River in China) is the sixth-longest river system in the world.
• Ganga (India): River Ganga is the world's third-largest river on the basis of the discharge of water. Ganges Delta is the world's largest Delta.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Lakshadweep.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Guwahati.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e 76th.

Corruption Perception Index (CPI):

• Corruption Perception Index in an index published annually by Transparency International since 1995.
• It ranks countries by their perceived levels of public sector corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys.
• The CPI generally defines corruption as " misuse of public power for private benefit".
• Denmark was adjudged as the most corruption-free country while India was placed at 76th place in the 2015 index.
• The 2019 index released in January 2020 ranks 180 countries in which Denmark and New Zealand have cornered the top spot while India is at the 80th spot.

The Correct Answer is Option  3 i.e Dev Prayag.

• Rishikesh (Uttarakhand), is called the 'World Capital of Yoga' and has been one of India's holiest and most spiritual centres for thousands of years.
• Alkananda river meets:
• The Dhauliganga river at Vishnu Prayag
• The Nandakini river at Nanda Prayag
• The Pindar river at Karna Prayag
• The Mandakini river at Rudra Prayag and
• Finally the Bagirathi river at Devprayag to form the mainstream river Ganges

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Himachal Pradesh.

Key Points

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Equator.

• The Equator lies exactly halfway between the two tropics. On the solstices, the sun will be directly over one of the tropics.
• On the Equinoxes the sun will be directly over the equator.
• When the sun's rays are vertical at the Equator and the entire world experiences more or less equal day and night.
• When there is summer in the south pole, the earth is aligned in such a way that the lower part of the equator is facing towards the sun. this state exists for six months, as a result, the south pole experiences six months of uninterrupted sunlight, while the north pole which is facing away from the sun experiences six months without sunlight.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Eye.

Cyclone:

• Cyclones are centres of low pressure surrounded by closed isobars having increased pressure outside. Whereas in Anticyclones High pressure is developed at the centre and low pressure at outer margin.
• The inward spiralling winds in a cyclone rotate anticlockwise in Northern Hemisphere and Clockwise in Southern Hemisphere of the Earth.
• The centre low-pressure area of the cyclone is called Eye and the region surrounding the eye is called Eyewall.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e  0° longitude.

Prime Meridian:

• It is the meridian (a line of longitude), the line drawn North to South at Zero degree longitude.
• It is an Imaginary line on earth.
• It divides the Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemisphere.
• 3 continents that pass through Prime Meridian are
• Europe: United Kingdom, France, Spain
• Africa: Algeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo
• Antarctica: Antarctica

The correct answer is option 4. Renin is used in the cheese industry.

Renin:

• It is also known as Chymosin.
• The structure of Renin contains 340 amino acids.
• It helps in coagulating milk.
• At 37⁰C, Renin works the best.
• Large amounts of this enzyme are secreted in the stomach of infant mammals.
• It is also present in the stomach of cud-chewing animals.

Renin in the cheese industry:

• In cheese industry renin is added to milk, which then helps in the coagulation of milk.
• It converts caseinogen into casein.

Option 4 is the correct answer.

Breathing:

• It is a physical process that involves the exchange of gases through the respiratory organs.
• Nose, Trachea, and lungs are the major organs involved in breathing.
• The breathing rate of human beings: 16-20 per minute.

The correct answer is option 2. 

• For the first time, Helium was discovered in the Chromosphere of the sun.
• Jules Janssen discovered it while studying spectral lines emanating from the Chromosphere during a solar eclipse in 1868.
• But he confused it with Sodium.
• Later, Norma Lockyer suggested the source of spectral lines to be an unknown element.
• It was then named by Norman Lockyer and Edward Frankland as Helium.

Important Facts:

• The distance between the earth and the sun is 14,95,98,900 km.
• The diameter of the sun is 13,91,980 km.
• Source of energy in sun in Nuclear Fusion reactions (Hydrogen atoms fuse to form Helium).

Structure of the sun:

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Rajasthan.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Dr. Venugopal.

Panangipalli Venugopal:

• A group of surgeons led by P. Venugopal successfully performed India’s first heart transplant at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) on 3 August 1994.
• He is an Indian Cardiovascular surgeon and hospital administrator from Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.
• He was also honored with Padma Bhushan, the third-highest civilian award, for his services to the field of Medicine.

The correct answer is Force.

Key Points

• Force:
• The interaction which after applying on a body changes or try to change the state of rest or state of motion is called force.
• It is a vector quantity.

Additional Information

• Pressure: 
• The force applied perpendicular to an object's surface by the area of the region over which the force is spread is called force.
• The SI unit of pressure is the pascal.
• It is a scalar quantity because the pressure acts in all directions at a point inside a gas.

• Energy:
• The capacity to do work is called energy.
• It is a scalar quantity.
• Temperature:
• The measurement of hotness is called temperature.
• It is a scalar quantity.
• Scalar quantities:
• The physical quantities which have only magnitude and no direction are called scalar quantities or scalars.
• Examples: Mass, volume, density, time, temperature, electric current, Luminious intensity, etc.
• Vector quantities:
• The physical quantities which have both magnitude and direction and obey the laws of vector addition are called vector quantities or vectors.
• Examples Displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, momentum, Impulse, etc.