General Awareness PYQs

The correct answer is Ankiya Nat.

 Key Points

• Ankiya Nat:-
• A one-act play of Sattriya is called an Ankiya Nat. It is a form of Assamese one-act play that combines the aesthetic and the religious.
• Ankiya Nats were developed by Sankardev, the 15^th-century polymath from Assam, as a way to promote the spiritual values of Vaisnavism.
• They are typically performed in Sattras, which are communities of live-in devotees belonging to the Ekasarana dharma, the religion established by Sankardev.
• Ankiya Nats are characterized by their use of ballad, dance, and drama. The ballad narrates the story, the dance provides commentary and expression, and the drama brings the characters and themes to life.
• The plays are often based on stories from Hindu mythology, but they can also deal with contemporary social and political issues.

Additional Information

• Ekam Nat:-
• Ekam Nat, meaning "one-act play," is a short, self-contained play that typically focuses on a single theme or character.
• It is often used as a teaching tool or for entertainment.
• Vishesham Nat:-
• Vishesham Nat, meaning "special play," is a longer and more complex type of Sattriya play.
• It typically deals with a historical or mythological story. Vishesham Nats are often performed at festivals and special occasions.
• Anant Nat:-
• Anant Nat, meaning "endless play," is a type of Sattriya play that has no predetermined ending.
• The play continues until the audience loses interest or the performers are exhausted. Anant Nats are often improvised and can be very humorous.

The correct answer is Kesariya Stupa.

Key Points

• Kesariya Stupa:-
• It is located in Kesariya, Champaran district of Bihar, India. It is the tallest Buddhist stupa in India, standing at a height of 104 feet (32 meters).
• The stupa dates back to the 3^rd century BCE and was built during the Mauryan Empire in northern India.
• The stupa was originally 70 feet (21 meters) tall, but it has been renovated several times in later centuries.
• The stupa has a globular base divided into seven stages around it.

Each stage is painted a different color, and each stage is adorned with numerous sculptures of Buddhist gods and goddesses.

Additional Information

• Sanchi Stupa:-
• It is a Buddhist monument located in Madhya Pradesh, India.
• It is one of the oldest stone structures in India, and was originally commissioned by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka the Great in the 3^rd century BCE.
• The stupa is a hemispherical structure that contains the relics of the Buddha.
• It is surrounded by four gateways, each of which is decorated with intricate carvings. The Sanchi Stupa is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Maha Stupa:-
• It is a Buddhist monument located in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
• It is one of the largest stupas in the world, and is said to contain the relics of the Buddha.
• The Maha Stupa was built in the 3^rd century BCE, and was later rebuilt and enlarged several times. The stupa is a symbol of the power and importance of Buddhism in Sri Lanka.
• Shanti Stupa:-
• It is a Buddhist monument located in Rajagiri, India. It was built in 1963 by the Japanese monk Nichidatsu Fujii as a symbol of peace.
• The stupa is made of white marble and has a gold-plated spire.
• The Shanti Stupa is a popular tourist destination, and is also a place of pilgrimage for Buddhists from around the world.

The correct answer is M3+ total post office deposits.

Key Points

• M4:-
• It includes all of the components of M3 plus other deposits with an original maturity of up to five years, other claims on financial institutions such as repos and bank acceptances, and debt instruments issued by financial institutions including commercial paper and bonds with a maturity of up to five years.
• M4 is a broad measure of the money supply because it includes a wide range of assets that can be easily converted into cash. This makes it a useful measure for tracking the overall liquidity of the economy.

Additional Information

• Different money supply in India:-
• M0:-
• It is the narrowest measure of money supply and consists of currency notes and coins in circulation plus reserve balances with the RBI.
• M1:-
• It is a broader measure of money supply and consists of M0 plus demand deposits with banks.
• M2:-
• It is an even broader measure of money supply and consists of M1 plus savings deposits with banks.
• M3:-
• It is the broadest measure of money supply and consists of M2 plus time deposits with banks.

The correct answer is 46.

Key Points

• Joe Hin Tjio:-
• He was an Indonesian-born American cytogeneticist who made significant contributions to the field of genetics, particularly in understanding the structure and number of human chromosomes.
• Joe Hin Tjio announced that the exact number of human chromosomes is 46.

Additional Information

• Human Chromosomes:-
• Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell, for a total of 46 chromosomes.
• These chromosomes are organized into two main types:-
• Autosomes: The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes. They are not involved in sex determination.
• Sex chromosomes: The 23^rd pair of chromosomes is called the sex chromosomes. These chromosomes determine an individual's sex. Females typically have two X chromosomes (XX), while males typically have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome (XY).

The correct answer is Reducing the purview of energy consumption standards.

Key Points

• Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill, 2022:-
• It aims to strengthen the regulatory framework for energy efficiency and conservation in India, not reduce the purview of energy consumption standards.
• In fact, the bill expands the scope of energy consumption standards by empowering the central government to specify energy efficiency standards for a wider range of appliances and equipment.
• Decision to expand the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) governing council:-
• The bill does expand the BEE governing council to include more representatives from industry, academia, and non-governmental organizations.
• Setting up of a carbon credit trading scheme:-
• The bill introduces a carbon credit trading scheme to promote the use of renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Non-fossil-fuel mandate for designated consumers:-
• The bill mandates that designated consumers, such as industries, commercial buildings, and the transport sector, must meet a minimum share of their energy consumption from non-fossil sources.

The correct answer is CFCs are used as refrigerants.

Key Points

• Chlorofluorocarbons:-
• CFCs are a group of human-made chemicals that were widely used in the past as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, foam-blowing agents, and solvents.
• They are non-toxic, non-flammable, and chemically stable, making them attractive for a variety of industrial and commercial applications.
• However, CFCs have been found to have a devastating impact on the ozone layer, the Earth's protective shield against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

The correct answer is Only (i) and (iii).

Key Points

• Money supply:-
• Money supply is a stock concept, meaning it represents the total amount of money available at a specific point in time.
• It is not a flow concept, which would measure the quantity of money moving over a period of time.
• M1 is indeed the most liquid measure of money supply, as it includes only the most readily accessible forms of money, such as currency and checking deposits.
• Broader measures of money supply, such as M2 and M3, include less liquid assets, such as savings deposits and money market funds.

The correct answer is Petrochemicals.

Key Points

• Petrochemical industry:-
• It is a broad term that encompasses the production of a wide range of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas.
• These chemicals are used in a variety of applications, including the production of plastics, synthetic fibers, elastomers, polymers and surfactant intermediate fertilizers, and pesticides.
• The petrochemical industry is a major global industry, with an annual output of over $500 billion$.

The correct answer is Backwaters.

Key Points

• Kayals:-
• These are a network of brackish lagoons and lakes found along the coast of Kerala, India.
• They are formed by the action of waves and currents, which create sandbars and barrier islands that separate the lagoons from the sea.
• Kayals are a vital part of the Kerala ecosystem, providing a habitat for a wide variety of plants and animals, and they also play an important role in the local economy.
• Kayals are typically shallow and have a high salinity due to the mixing of freshwater from rivers and streams with seawater from the Arabian Sea.
• The salinity of the kayals varies depending on the season and the amount of rainfall.
• During the monsoon season, when there is a lot of rainfall, the salinity of the kayals decreases.
• However, during the dry season, when there is very little rainfall, the salinity of the kayals increases.

The correct answer is Harsha Vardhan 

Key Points

• Harshavardhana:-
• He was a prominent Indian emperor of the 7^th century CE.
• He ruled over a vast empire that stretched across northern and northwestern India, with the Narmada River as its southern boundary.
• His capital was at Kannauj (present-day Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh state), and he reigned for nearly four decades, from 606 to 647 CE.
• Harshavardhana was born into the Pushyabhuti dynasty, a powerful family that had ruled over Thanesar (present-day Haryana) for several generations.
• His father, Prabhakaravardhana, was a successful ruler who had defeated the Huna invaders and extended his control over neighboring states.
• He sent an envoy to the Chinese court in 641 AD.

Additional Information

• Narasimhavarman I:-
• He was a Pallava emperor who reigned from 630 CE to 668 CE.
• He was the son of Mahendravarman I and is considered one of the greatest Pallava rulers.
• Narasimhavarman I was a skilled military leader and diplomat, and he is credited with reviving Pallava power and prestige.
• He is also known for his patronage of the arts, and he is credited with commissioning the construction of several magnificent temples, including the Shore Temple at Mamallapuram.
• Narsimhavarman II:-
• He was a Pallava monarch who reigned from 690 CE to 725 CE.
• He was the son of Parameswaravarman I and is considered one of the greatest Pallava rulers.
• Pulakeshin I:-
• He was the first sovereign ruler of the Chalukya dynasty of Vatapi (modern Badami).
• He ruled parts of the present-day Maharashtra and Karnataka states in the western Deccan region of India.

The correct answer is 46% and 54% 

Key Points

• Indian steel industry:-
• The Indian steel industry has undergone a significant transformation since the early 1990s.
• Prior to this period, the public sector played a dominant role in the industry, accounting for over 80% of steel production.
• However, since the early 1990s, there has been a gradual shift towards private sector participation.
• As a result, the share of the private sector in steel production increased to 54% in 1990-91, while the share of the public sector decreased to 46%.

The correct answer is Symbol of victory.

Key Points

• Gudi Padwa:-
• A Gudi is a vibrant, colorful flag hoisted during the Gudi Padwa festival, signifying the victory of good over evil, new beginnings, and the triumph of hope over despair.
• It is a sacred symbol that holds deep meaning within Hindu mythology.
• The Gudi is typically made of a bright cloth tied to a bamboo pole, adorned with a neem or mango tree top.
• The neem tree is considered sacred in Hinduism and is believed to possess medicinal properties, while the mango tree symbolizes prosperity and abundance.
• The Gudi flag is often depicted with images of Lord Brahma, the Hindu creator god, as it is believed to represent his flag.
• According to Hindu mythology, Lord Brahma created the universe on the day of Gudi Padwa, making it a day of immense auspiciousness.

The correct answer is William Henry.

Key Points

• C = KP_gas
• _​The equation C = KP_gas, also known as Henry's Law, was formulated by William Henry, an English chemist and physician, in 1803.
• This law states that the amount of a gas that dissolves in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid.

Additional Information

• Edme Mariotte:-
• He was a French physicist and priest who is best known for his work on the relationship between the pressure and volume of gases.
• In 1679, he published a paper in which he stated that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature.
• This is known as Boyle's Law, after Robert Boyle, who had independently discovered the same relationship in 1662.
• Jacques Charles:-
• He was a French physicist and mathematician who is best known for his work on the relationship between the volume and temperature of gases.
• In 1787, he published a paper in which he stated that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at a constant pressure. This is known as Charles's Law.
• Robert Boyle:-
• He was an English natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor, alchemist, and theologian.
• Boyle is best known for his formulation of the Boyle–Mariotte law, an experimental relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas at a constant temperature.
• His work in chemistry included the discovery of hydrogen and the formulation of the gas laws. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry.

The correct answer is WC Banerjee.

 Key Points

• Indian National Congress:-
• The first annual session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay (now Mumbai) on December 28, 1885.
• The session was presided over by Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, a prominent Indian barrister and political leader.
• WC Banerjee:-
• Bonnerjee was a key figure in the early Indian nationalist movement and played a pivotal role in establishing the Indian National Congress.
• He was a moderate nationalist who believed in working within the British system to achieve Indian self-rule.
• He was also a strong advocate for social reform and education.

Additional Information

• Surendranath Banerjee:-
• He was a Bengali barrister, journalist, and politician.
• He was the founder of the Indian National Association, one of the first political organizations in India.
• Banerjee was a strong advocate for Indian self-rule and a vocal critic of British rule.
• He was also a leading figure in the Indian independence movement and served as the president of the Indian National Congress three times.
• Dadabhai Naoroji:-
• He was a Parsi barrister, economist, and politician.
• He was known as the "Grand Old Man of India" for his long and distinguished career in public service.
• Naoroji was a leading advocate for Indian self-rule and a strong critic of British economic exploitation of India.
• He was also a pioneer in the field of Indian economics and is credited with developing the "drain of wealth" theory, which argued that British rule was draining India of its wealth. Naoroji served as the president of the Indian National Congress twice.
• Allan Octavian Hume:-
• He was a British civil servant who played a key role in the founding of the Indian National Congress.
• Hume was concerned about the growing discontent among Indians under British rule and believed that a political organization could help to channel that discontent in a constructive way.
• He invited a group of Indian leaders to meet in Bombay in 1885 to discuss the formation of such an organization.
• The meeting was a success, and the Indian National Congress was born.
• Hume served as the first general secretary of the Indian National Congress.

The correct answer is Kalibangan and Lothal.

Key Points

• Fire altar:-
• It is a raised structure, often made of bricks or stones, used for making offerings to fire.
• Fire altars have been used in many cultures around the world for centuries.
• They are often seen as symbols of the divine, and they are used for a variety of religious rituals, including sacrifices, prayers, and blessings.
• Lothal and Kalibangan are located in present-day Gujarat and Rajasthan, respectively. The fire altars found in these cities are similar in design and are thought to have served the same purpose.
• Kalibangan:-
• It boasts well-preserved remnants of houses, streets, and a fortified citadel, showcasing the IVC's organizational prowess.
• The site's sophisticated drainage system and granaries further attest to its inhabitants' engineering skills and ability to manage resources effectively. Radiocarbon dating places Kalibangan's occupation between 2800 BCE and 2200 BCE.
• Lothal:-
• It is located in Gujarat, India.
• It stands out as the world's earliest known dock, hinting at the IVC's extensive trade networks and maritime connections.
• The site also features a granary, a workshop, and a fire altar, underscoring its diverse functions and the importance of religious practices.
• Radiocarbon dating suggests Lothal's occupation spanned from around 2400 BCE to 1900 BCE.

Additional Information

• Banawali:
• It is located in the Indian state of Haryana.
• Banawali is an archaeological site that dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC).
• It is considered one of the earliest sites of the IVC, with evidence of occupation dating back to 3300 BCE.
• The site is known for its well-preserved granaries, terracotta figurines, and copper utensils.
• Chanhudaru:-
• It is situated in the Pakistani province of Sindh.
• Chanhudaru is another significant IVC site. It is believed to have been a major port city, with evidence of trade and cultural exchange with other IVC cities.
• The site is also notable for its unique urban planning, which includes a fortified citadel and a grid-pattern layout.
• Mohenjo-daro:
• It is often referred to as the "metropolis of the Indus Valley Civilization".
• Mohenjo-daro is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Pakistani province of Sindh.
• It is one of the largest and most well-planned cities of the IVC, with a sophisticated urban infrastructure that includes an extensive drainage system, granaries, and public baths.
• Harappa:
• It is situated in the Pakistani province of Punjab.
• Harappa is another prominent IVC site.
• It was the first IVC city to be discovered, and it played a crucial role in understanding the civilization's development.
• The site is known for its impressive brick architecture, including a fortified citadel, granaries, and public buildings.
• Dholavira:
• It is located in Gujarat.
• Dholavira is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• It is one of the largest and most well-preserved IVC cities, with a unique urban planning that showcases the civilization's engineering prowess.
• The site is also notable for its water conservation systems and its evidence of maritime trade.

The correct answer is Hockey.

Key Points

• Rangaswamy Cup:-
• The Rangaswamy Cup is a national hockey competition held in India.
• The competition began in 1928 and was originally known as the Inter-Provincial Tournament.
• Its purpose was to select players for the national team for the Olympics.
• The Rangaswamy Cup is India's most prestigious hockey tournament.
• The competition is held every year and is participated by teams from all states and union territories of India.
• The recent winners of the Rangaswamy Cup are:

   

The correct answer is 74.04%.

Key Points

• Census of 2011:-
• According to the Census of 2011, the literacy rate in India was 74.04%.
• This represented an increase from 64.8% in 2001. The male literacy rate was 82.14% and the female literacy rate was 65.46%.
• The highest literacy rate was found in Kerala (93.91%) and the lowest literacy rate was found in Bihar (63.82%).

Additional Information

• The total population of India was 1.21 billion, an increase of 18.14% from 2001.
• The population of Uttar Pradesh was the largest, with 194 million people, followed by Maharashtra (112 million) and Bihar (104 million).
• The population of Delhi was the most urbanized, with 93% of people living in urban areas.
• The sex ratio in India was 943 females per 1,000 males.
• The child sex ratio (0-6 years) was 914 females per 1,000 males, a decline from 927 in 2001.
• The scheduled castes (SCs) population was 16.63% of the total population, while the scheduled tribes (STs) population was 8.03%.
• The majority of the population (79.8%) was Hindu, followed by Muslim (14.2%), Christian (2.3%), Sikh (1.7%), and Buddhist (0.8%).

The correct answer is Governor.

Key Points

• **Annual financial

Statement:

-**

• In India, the Governor of each state is responsible for causing the annual financial statement to be laid before the Legislative Assembly of the State.
• This is mandated by Article 202 of the Constitution of India.
• The annual financial statement, also known as the budget, outlines the estimated receipts and expenditures of the state for the upcoming financial year.
• The Governor presents the budget to the Legislative Assembly, where it is debated and approved.

Additional Information

• President of India:-
• It is the head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.
• The President is indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both Houses of Parliament and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the states and union territories.
• The President's term of office is five years.
• Deputy Chief Minister:-
• It is the second-in-command of the Council of Ministers, after the Prime Minister.
• The Deputy Chief Minister is responsible for assisting the Prime Minister in the administration of the Union government.
• The Deputy Chief Minister is also responsible for coordinating the work of the various ministries of the Union government.
• Chief Minister of India:-
• It is the head of government of an Indian state.
• The Chief Minister is elected by the members of the state legislature, and is responsible for leading the state government.
• The Chief Minister's powers are executive, legislative, and judicial.
• The Chief Minister is responsible for the administration of the state government, and has the power to appoint the Council of Ministers.
• The Chief Minister also has the power to veto laws passed by the state legislature, and to grant pardons and reprieves.

The correct answer is India.

Key Points

• Asian Games:-
• India was the first country to host the Asian Games, in 1951.
• The games were held in New Delhi, and 489 athletes from 11 Asian countries participated in 57 medal events.
• Japan topped the medals table with 60 medals, followed by India with 51 medals.
• The Asian Games, also known as the Asiad, is a continental multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia. The Games were regulated by the Asian Games Federation (AGF).

The correct answer is the form, classification, mechanism, and causes of rock structures’ evolution.

Key Points

• Structural geology:-
• It deals with the the form, classification, mechanism, and causes of rock structures’ evolution.
• It seeks to understand how rocks have been deformed by forces such as plate tectonics, impact events, and volcanic activity.
• Structural geologists use a variety of techniques to study rocks, including field observations, laboratory experiments, and computer modeling.
• Some of the key topics in structural geology include:
• Folds: Folds are curved rock layers that form when rocks are compressed.
• Faults: Faults are fractures in rocks along which there has been displacement.
• Joints: Joints are fractures in rocks that do not show any displacement.
• Cleavage: Cleavage is a planar fabric in rocks that develops as a result of deformation.
• Foliation: Foliation is a general term for any planar fabric in rocks.
• Lineation: Lineation is a linear fabric in rocks that develops as a result of deformation.