English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The subject performs the action, but the receiver of the action becomes the focus in passive sentences.
• To transform the sentence into active voice, identify the implied subject performing the action (e.g., "someone").
• In the original passive sentence: "The royal sword is said to have been transferred to a new museum where it would have been preserved properly."
• Active voice transformation: Use "someone is said to have transferred" to shift focus to the subject performing the action.
• Ensure the sentence retains the correct tense and meaning (past perfect conditional in this case).

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Someone is said to transfer the royal sword to a new museum where they would have preserved it properly." – Incorrect tense (present instead of past perfect).
• Option 2: "Someone is said to have transferred the royal sword to a new museum which they would have preserved it properly." – Incorrect use of "which" instead of "where."
• Option 3: "Someone is said to have transferred the royal sword to a new museum where they would preserve it properly." – Incorrect conditional tense (simple conditional instead of past perfect conditional).

The correct answer is: Option 2) Describe the role of communities in conservation.

Key Points

• The word "Community" means a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common. (समुदाय)
• Example: The community worked together to clean up the park.
• "Conservation" refers to the careful preservation and protection of natural resources such as forests, wildlife, and water. (संरक्षण)
• Example: Conservation of wildlife is essential for maintaining ecological balance.
• Hence, we can infer that the primary focus of the passage is on the role of communities in conservation.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2) Describe the role of communities in conservation.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: Criticize eco-tourism for harming wildlife (ईको-पर्यटन की आलोचना करना कि यह वन्यजीवों को नुकसान पहुँचाता है)
• Example: Some reports criticize eco-tourism for disturbing animal habitats, but this is not the passage’s focus.
• Option 3: Explain how poachers operate (शिकारियों के काम करने के तरीके को समझाना)
• Example: A wildlife documentary explained how poachers operate at night, but the passage does not provide such details.
• Option 4: Advocate for stricter government enforcement (कड़े सरकारी प्रवर्तन की वकालत करना)
• Example: Some environmentalists advocate for stricter government enforcement of anti-poaching laws, but this is not the main theme of the passage.

The correct answer is: Option 2) Policies imposed by higher authorities.

Key Points

• The phrase "regulations" means official rules or directives made and maintained by an authority. (नियमावली)
• Example: The government has strict regulations regarding wildlife protection.
• "Top-down" refers to an approach where decisions and rules are created by higher authorities and passed down to lower levels without involving them in the decision-making. (ऊपरी स्तर से नीचे लागू किया गया)
• Example: The company followed a top-down strategy where managers dictated every step to employees.
• Hence, "top-down regulations" means "policies imposed by higher authorities". (उच्च अधिकारियों द्वारा थोपे गए नियम)

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2) Policies imposed by higher authorities.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: Rules created by local villagers (स्थानीय ग्रामीणों द्वारा बनाए गए नियम): These are community-based rules made by the villagers themselves.
• Example: The local villagers created their own rules to prevent overgrazing in the forest.
• Option 3: Guidelines developed by scientists (वैज्ञानिकों द्वारा विकसित दिशा-निर्देश): Refers to instructions or frameworks created by experts for conservation or research purposes.
• Example: Scientists developed guidelines for sustainable fishing practices.
• Option 4: Suggestions from tourists (पर्यटकों से सुझाव): Refers to opinions or advice given by tourists, which are not official rules.
• Example: Tourists suggested building more eco-friendly lodges in the sanctuary.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "Handicrafts" means items made skillfully by hand, often reflecting cultural or traditional artistry. (हस्तशिल्प)
• Example: The villagers sold beautifully woven baskets as handicrafts to tourists.
• "Sustainable products" refers to goods that are created using resources in a way that does not harm the environment and can be maintained over time. (सतत उत्पाद)
• Example: Bags made from jute are considered sustainable products because they are biodegradable.
• Hence, villagers earn income by crafting handicrafts from sustainable products, which also supports biodiversity conservation.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Poaching endangered species (लुप्तप्राय प्रजातियों का शिकार): The illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals.
• Example: Poaching tigers has caused a drastic decline in their population.
• Clearing forests for agriculture (खेती के लिए जंगल साफ करना): Cutting down trees to create farmland.
• Example: Clearing forests for agriculture has led to habitat loss for many animals.
• Mining minerals (खनिजों का खनन): Extracting valuable minerals from the earth.
• Example: Mining minerals often causes environmental degradation and deforestation.

The correct answer is: Option 3) Climate change.

Key Points

• The word "Climate change" means long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, mainly caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels. (जलवायु परिवर्तन)
• Example: Climate change is leading to more frequent heatwaves and floods around the world.
• In the passage, challenges like human-wildlife conflict, inadequate funding, and unclear land-use rights are mentioned, but climate change is not mentioned. (उल्लेखित नहीं किया गया है)
• Example: The passage only highlights direct local challenges, not global environmental issues like climate change.
• Hence, we can infer that the correct answer is Option 3) Climate change.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3) Climate change.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Human-wildlife conflicts (मानव-वन्यजीव संघर्ष): Situations where wild animals and humans negatively impact each other’s lives.
• Example: Crop damage caused by elephants is a common human-wildlife conflict in rural areas.
• Inadequate funding (अपर्याप्त धनराशि): Lack of sufficient financial resources to carry out plans or programs.
• Example: The project could not continue because of inadequate funding.
• Unclear land-use rights (अस्पष्ट भूमि-उपयोग अधिकार): Uncertainty about who owns or has the legal right to use a piece of land.
• Example: Farmers faced problems because of unclear land-use rights in the forest area.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The tone of a passage refers to the author’s overall attitude or style of expression. (स्वर / लहजा)
• An objective tone means presenting information in a balanced, factual, and unbiased manner. (निष्पक्ष)
• The passage discusses both achievements (like villagers earning through ecotourism) and challenges (low funding, land-use issues) in a balanced way.
• Thus, the passage is neither negative nor promotional nor sarcastic — it is factual and objective.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3) Objective.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Pessimistic (निराशावादी) – A pessimistic tone only highlights negative aspects.

Example: “Wildlife conservation is failing everywhere.” The passage does not adopt this tone.

• Option 2: Promotional (प्रचारात्मक) – A promotional tone exaggerates positives to attract support.

Example: “Ecotourism always guarantees success.” The passage does not glorify; it also mentions challenges.

• Option 4: Sarcastic (व्यंग्यात्मक) – A sarcastic tone mocks or ridicules.

Example: “Oh, of course, villagers can magically save all wildlife.” The passage does not use ridicule.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes that public transport is the backbone of urban sustainability. (शहरी स्थिरता का आधार)
• It highlights the advantages of buses, trams, and metro lines in reducing traffic and pollution.
• Equity is stressed, as transport networks must serve low-income communities as well as commercial hubs. (समानता)
• Thus, the central idea is that a strong, inclusive public transport system is essential for sustainable cities.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3) A strong public transport system is essential for sustainable and inclusive cities.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Public transport is outdated in modern cities (सार्वजनिक परिवहन आधुनिक शहरों में पुराना है) – Incorrect, as the passage argues the opposite, stressing the importance of modern transport systems.

Example: The passage praises integration of buses, trains, and bike-share, which shows it is not outdated.

• Option 2: Investment in roads for private vehicles is more practical (निजी वाहनों के लिए सड़कों में निवेश अधिक व्यावहारिक है) – Incorrect, as the passage suggests public transport is a better investment for sustainability.

Example: Exclusive lanes for buses are promoted instead of private car infrastructure.

• Option 4: Public transport is mostly beneficial for tourists (सार्वजनिक परिवहन मुख्य रूप से पर्यटकों के लिए लाभकारी है) – Incorrect, since the passage focuses on citizens, equity, and sustainability, not tourism.

Example: It states that low-income communities must also benefit.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The passage clearly mentions that one ticket could pay for bus, train, and bike-share travel, which means integrated fare systems simplify movement across multiple modes. (यात्रा मोड बदलना आसान बनाता है)
• Such systems reduce the hassle of buying separate tickets, making public transport more user-friendly and efficient.
• Thus, integrated fares make switching between travel modes easier, which directly matches Option 2.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2) Make switching between travel modes easier.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Create financial burden for low-income riders (कम आय वाले यात्रियों पर आर्थिक बोझ डालना) – The passage does not suggest that integrated fares increase costs; rather, it highlights convenience.
• Option 3: Are only for long-distance travel (केवल लंबी दूरी की यात्रा के लिए) – Nowhere in the passage is this mentioned; integrated fares apply to local daily travel as well.
• Option 4: Encourage use of private vehicles (निजी वाहनों के उपयोग को प्रोत्साहित करना) – This is the opposite of the passage, which emphasizes reducing reliance on private vehicles.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The passage clearly states that constructing and retaining strong public transport infrastructure requires capital (धन) and long-term vision (दीर्घकालिक दृष्टिकोण).
• This directly implies that sufficient funding and long-term planning are essential to maintain public transport systems.
• Other options like higher taxes or frequent tech upgrades are not directly mentioned in the passage as necessary conditions.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3) Sufficient funding and long-term planning.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Minimal regulation (न्यूनतम विनियमन) – This is not mentioned in the passage. Public transport success depends more on planning and funding rather than deregulation.
• Option 2: Frequent tech upgrades (लगातार तकनीकी उन्नयन) – The passage does not focus on technological upgrades as a primary need; instead, it highlights funding and vision.
• Option 4: Higher taxes on private vehicles (निजी वाहनों पर अधिक कर) – While taxing cars can reduce their use, the passage does not mention this as essential for maintaining strong public transport.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage highlights that equity in public transport means serving low-income communities along with commercial hubs. (न्याय / समानता)
• This ensures that people from all social and economic backgrounds benefit equally.
• Therefore, connecting low-income communities with wealthy areas makes transport equitable.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3) By connecting low-income communities with wealthy areas.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: By keeping fares high (किराया बढ़ाकर रखना) – This would make transport less accessible, especially for low-income groups.

Example: High metro fares discourage daily wage workers from using it.

• Option 2: By focusing only on commercial zones (केवल वाणिज्यिक क्षेत्रों पर ध्यान देना) – This ignores the needs of poor and residential areas.

Example: A network that connects only business districts excludes many citizens.

• Option 4: By offering free rides on weekends (सप्ताहांत पर मुफ्त यात्रा देना) – This may help temporarily but does not address equity in daily commuting.

Example: Free weekend rides won’t solve weekday travel struggles for workers.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The passage analyzes the importance of public transportation in urban sustainability by explaining its benefits like reducing emissions, easing mobility, and boosting economic efficiency. (विश्लेषणात्मक)
• It is also supportive in tone because it highlights the positive impacts of investing in and planning sustainable transport systems. (समर्थनकारी)
• While challenges like funding and equity are acknowledged, the overall approach is constructive and encouraging.
• Thus, the tone of the passage is best described as Analytical and supportive.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2) Analytical and supportive.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Skeptical (संदेहपूर्ण) – A skeptical tone would doubt the effectiveness of public transport.

Example: “Public transport rarely solves traffic issues” – This is not reflected in the passage.

• Option 3: Neutral (तटस्थ) – A neutral tone would present facts without support or criticism.

Example: Simply stating data about transport without expressing benefits.

• Option 4: Aggressive (आक्रामक) – An aggressive tone would harshly criticize the lack of transport or blame authorities.

Example: “The government has failed miserably in transport planning” – This is not the tone of the passage.

The correct answer is 'Option 2) Mediated'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence describes how the object of consciousness is not separate but actually mediated by consciousness itself. (मध्यस्थ / प्रभावित किया हुआ)
• The past participle form mediated fits correctly because it shows a condition or state produced by the action of consciousness.
• Other forms like mediating or mediates would disturb the formal and philosophical structure of the sentence.
• Thus, the most contextually and grammatically appropriate choice is mediated.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2) Mediated'.

 

Additional Information

• Mediating (मध्यस्थता करते हुए): Refers to the present participle/continuous action.

Example: He is mediating between the two groups to resolve the conflict. (Not suitable here)

• Mediates (मध्यस्थता करता है): Refers to present tense, singular subject.

Example: A teacher mediates discussions in class. (Not suitable in this abstract philosophical context)

• Has mediated (मध्यस्थता कर चुका है): Present perfect tense, indicating completed action.

Example: She has mediated several disputes successfully. (Too specific and temporal for the passage)

The correct answer is 'Transforms'.

Key Points

• The sentence in the passage is: "...knowledge is not the passive reception of an external truth but an active process in which consciousness shapes and ______ (2) its own reality."
• The verb must indicate the process of changing or creating reality through active participation of consciousness.
• "Transforms" (परिवर्तित करता है) means to change something significantly or completely, which fits perfectly with the philosophical context of shaping reality.
• Other options do not fit logically: Transports means carrying from one place to another, Interrupts means stopping something temporarily, and Disabuses means freeing someone from a false idea.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1) Transforms'.

 

Additional Information

• Transports (परिवहन करता है) – To carry something or someone from one place to another.

Example: The bus transports hundreds of passengers daily.

• Interrupts (बाधित करता है) – To stop or hinder something temporarily.

Example: The loud noise interrupts our discussion.

• Disabuses (भ्रम से मुक्त करता है) – To persuade someone that a belief or idea is wrong.

Example: The teacher disabuses students of the notion that history is boring.

The correct answer is 'Option 1) undermines'.

 

Key Points

• The passage is written in the present tense, describing the ongoing dialectical process of consciousness. Hence, the verb form should also be in the present tense.
• "Undermines" is the correct simple present tense form used with the singular subject "self-consciousness." (कमज़ोर करता है / कमजोर बनाता है)
• Example: His constant criticism undermines my confidence.
• Thus, the sentence correctly reads: "Self-consciousness seeks recognition from another, yet in asserting its dominance over the other, it paradoxically undermines its own freedom."

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1) undermines'.

 

Additional Information

• Option 2: were undermine – Grammatically incorrect, as "were" should be followed by the present participle form "undermining," not the base verb.
• Option 3: undermined – Past tense, which does not fit the context of the passage that discusses an ongoing philosophical process.
• Option 4: are undermining – Present continuous tense, but does not fit smoothly with the structure "self-consciousness… paradoxically undermines."

The correct answer is 'Option 1) Yield'.

 

Key Points

• The passage is based on Hegelian philosophy, specifically the dialectical process where freedom and consciousness emerge through negation and transformative struggle.
• The blank (4) refers to how freedom is achieved: it is not simply granted but attained through a process of yield (submission or giving way) and transformation. (समर्पण)
• "Yield" fits because it conveys the philosophical idea of surrendering or giving way in order to achieve a higher realization of freedom.
• Other options like "Justification," "Detachment," and "Retraction" do not align with the dialectical process described in the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1) Yield'.

 

Additional Information

• Justification (औचित्य): Refers to providing reasons or explanations for something.

Example: His justification for being late was the heavy traffic.

• Does not match the philosophical idea of struggle and transformation.
• Detachment (विरक्ति): Refers to emotional withdrawal or lack of involvement.

Example: Spiritual leaders often advocate detachment from material desires.

• Does not convey the process of struggle and realization of freedom.
• Retraction (वापसी/प्रत्याहार): Refers to withdrawing a statement or pulling back.

Example: The journalist issued a retraction of the false report.

• Does not fit the context of achieving autonomy in the passage.

The correct answer is 'Option 3) Reflexive pronoun'.

 

Key Points

• A reflexive pronoun refers back to the subject of the sentence and is used when the subject and the object are the same. (निजवाचक सर्वनाम)
• Examples of reflexive pronouns include: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
• In the given context, pronouns like itself are used, showing that consciousness shapes and reflects back on itself.
• Thus, the correct type of pronoun in (5) is Reflexive pronoun.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3) Reflexive pronoun'.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Possessive pronoun (संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम) – Shows ownership, e.g., mine, yours, his, hers, theirs.

Example: This book is mine.

• Option 2: Demonstrative pronoun (संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम) – Points to specific things, e.g., this, that, these, those.

Example: These are my shoes.

• Option 4: Interrogative pronoun (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम) – Used to ask questions, e.g., who, whom, whose, which, what.

Example: Which is your pen?

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. "To bribe someone to remain quiet".

Key Points

• The idiom "To oil the hinges of silence" refers to taking action to ensure silence, often by bribing someone to remain quiet. (चुप रहने के लिए किसी को रिश्वत देना)
• Example: The politician tried to oil the hinges of silence by offering money to the reporters who knew about the scandal.
• In this context, the correct interpretation is "To bribe someone to remain quiet", which implies a deliberate act of ensuring silence by offering incentives. (चुप रहने के लिए किसी को रिश्वत देना)
• Example: The company decided to oil the hinges of silence by compensating the whistleblower generously.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2: To prevent secrets from being exposed (गुप्त रहस्यों को उजागर होने से रोकना): This refers to taking measures to ensure that confidential information remains hidden.
• Example: The organization implemented strict policies to prevent secrets from being exposed.
• Option 3: To gradually break uncomfortable silence (असहज चुप्पी को धीरे-धीरे तोड़ना): This refers to slowly addressing an awkward silence in a conversation.
• Example: She tried to gradually break the uncomfortable silence by bringing up a neutral topic.
• Option 4: To speak diplomatically in tense moments (तनावपूर्ण क्षणों में कूटनीतिक रूप से बोलना): This refers to carefully choosing words to navigate a sensitive or tense situation.
• Example: During the argument, he chose to speak diplomatically in tense moments to avoid escalation.

The correct answer is 'rain'.

 

Key Points

• The word "rain" refers to water droplets falling from the sky as precipitation. (बारिश)
• In the context of the question, the weather-related term "rain" fits perfectly to complete the sentence.
• The other options: "reign," "raign," and "rein" do not fit the context.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Sentence: Do you think it is going to rain this afternoon?

Additional Information

• Reign (शासन): refers to the period during which a sovereign rules.
• Raign: This is an incorrect spelling and does not have a valid meaning.
• Rein (लगाम): refers to a strap used to control a horse or metaphorically to control or restrain something.

The correct answer is 'in'.

 

Key Points

• The preposition "in" is used to describe the state or condition of being blind in a specific eye.
• The phrase "blind in one eye" is a standard expression in English.
• Options 2, 3, and 4 are grammatically incorrect in this context as they do not fit the standard usage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Complete Sentence: "The beggar was blind in one eye."

 

Additional Information

• Option 2: "at" is incorrect because "blind at one eye" is not a valid construction in English.
• Option 3: "on" is incorrect because "blind on one eye" is not idiomatic or standard usage.
• Option 4: "by" is incorrect because "blind by one eye" does not make logical sense in this context.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: Roshan says that he has completed his homework.
• Key Conversions:
• "says" remains "says":
• The reporting verb "says" is in the present tense, so no change is required.
• "I have completed" becomes "he has completed":
• Pronoun "I" is changed to "he" to match the subject "Roshan".
• Verb "have completed" remains "has completed" to maintain the present perfect tense.
• Reporting clause:
• No changes to the reporting clause since the sentence is in present tense.
• Punctuation and Format:
• The sentence is correctly formatted without quotation marks as it is in indirect speech.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "Roshan says that he has completed his homework."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Roshan said that he had completed his homework."
• Incorrect tense: "said" changes the reporting verb to past tense, which is not required.
• Option 2: "Roshan says that he had completed his homework."
• Incorrect tense: "had completed" changes the verb to past perfect, which is not required.
• Option 4: "Roshan said that he has completed his homework."
• Mixes past tense in the reporting verb "said" with present perfect tense, which is incorrect.