English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• The correctly spelled word is 'Diploma'.
• The word 'Diploma' refers to an official document certifying the completion of an educational qualification or program.
• For Example: She received her diploma after graduating from college.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. "A system of retirement benefits for employees".

Key Points

• The word "Superannuation" refers to a system where employees contribute to a retirement fund during their employment, ensuring financial security after retirement. (अवकाश ग्रहण)
• Example: She decided to retire comfortably using her superannuation savings.
• It is a formal arrangement to provide employees with a pension or lump sum upon retirement. (निवृत्ति लाभ)

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. "A system of retirement benefits for employees".

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2: The act of receiving a bonus (बोनस प्राप्त करने की क्रिया): This refers to an additional financial reward given to employees for their performance.
• Example: The company gave its employees a bonus for achieving the annual sales target.
• Option 3: A type of insurance for future health care (भविष्य की स्वास्थ्य देखभाल के लिए बीमा): This refers to health insurance policies designed to cover medical expenses in the future.
• Example: She opted for health insurance to secure her future medical needs.
• Option 4: The process of becoming too old to work (काम करने के लिए अत्यधिक वृद्ध होने की प्रक्रिया): This refers to aging out of the workforce due to physical or cognitive limitations.
• Example: He retired early as he felt he was becoming too old to continue working efficiently.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. Commend.

Key Points

• The word "Vilify" means to speak or write about someone in an abusive, disparaging, or negative manner. (बदनाम करना / निंदा करना)
• Example: The politician was vilified in the press for his controversial remarks.
• "Commend" means to praise formally or officially. (प्रशंसा करना)
• Example: The teacher commended the student for her outstanding performance in the examination.
• Hence, the antonym of 'Vilify' is 'Commend'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Commend.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Malign (बदनाम करना / दुर्भावनापूर्ण कहना): To speak harmful untruths about someone.
• Example: She felt hurt when her rivals maligned her reputation with false accusations.
• Slur (कलंक लगाना / अपमानजनक टिप्पणी करना): An insinuation or allegation likely to insult someone’s reputation.
• Example: His careless remarks were considered a slur on the community.
• Defame (बदनाम करना): To damage the good reputation of someone.
• Example: The celebrity sued the newspaper for trying to defame her with false stories.

The correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. Alumni.

Key Points

• The word "Alumni" refers to graduates or former students of a specific school, college, or university. (पूर्व छात्र)
• Example: The university holds an annual event to celebrate its alumni and their achievements.
• "Alumni" is a plural term. The singular forms are "alumnus" (for males) and "alumna" (for females). (पूर्व छात्र/छात्रा)
• Example: She is an alumna of Oxford University, while her brother is an alumnus of Harvard University.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4 - Alumni.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Student (छात्र): A person who is actively engaged in learning at a school, college, or university.
• Example: The student was preparing for her final exams.
• Visitor (पाहुना/अतिथि): A person who visits a place, such as for sightseeing, business, or personal reasons.
• Example: The museum had a record number of visitors last weekend.
• Teacher (शिक्षक): A person who instructs or educates others, especially in a school or academic setting.
• Example: The teacher explained the concept of gravity to the students.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The word "fastly" is not a correct adverb in standard English.
• The correct adverb form of "fast" is simply "fast."
• Therefore, the sentence should use "fast" instead of "fastly."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "He is a fast growing leader in the organization."

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
• In the passive voice, the sentence is: "The cake was baked by Mary for her brother's birthday party."
• To convert to active voice: The subject "Mary" takes its original position.
• Change the passive verb form "was baked" to "baked" (simple past active).
• Ensure the object "the cake" and the rest of the sentence structure remain intact.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "Mary baked the cake for her brother's birthday party!"

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Her brother had the cake baked by Mary." – Incorrect structure; this is a causative sentence.
• Option 2: "Mary is baking the cake for her brother's birthday party." – Incorrect tense (present continuous).
• Option 4: "The birthday cake was made by Mary for her brother." – Still in passive voice.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: The captain ordered them to stand at ease.
• Key Conversions:
• "Stand at ease!" becomes "ordered them to stand at ease."
• Reporting verb "said" changes to "ordered" to reflect the imperative tone of the command.
• The imperative verb "Stand" is converted to "to stand" in indirect speech.
• Second-person pronoun is omitted as the sentence is generalized.
• Punctuation and Format:
• Direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks.
• In indirect speech, no quotation marks are used.
• The reporting verb is followed by the object (if applicable) and the converted command.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Sentence: The captain ordered them to stand at ease.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "The captain said to stand at ease."
• Fails to capture the commanding tone of the original sentence.
• Option 2: "The captain said that they should stand at ease."
• "Should" weakens the directness of the original imperative command.
• Option 3: "The captain advised them to stand at ease."
• "Advised" is inappropriate, as the original speech is a command, not advice.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: Madhubala told Dillip that she had had a very sumptuous meal the previous day.
• Key Conversions:
• "I had" becomes "she had had"
• Pronoun "I" is changed to "she" to match indirect speech.
• The past perfect tense "had had" is used to indicate an action completed before another past event.
• "yesterday" becomes "the previous day"
• Time expressions are adjusted in indirect speech to maintain clarity.
• Reporting Verb:
• Direct: "said to"
• Converted to: "told," which is appropriate for reporting statements.
• Punctuation and Format:
• Quotation marks are removed in indirect speech.
• The sentence is restructured to follow indirect speech format.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "Madhubala told Dillip that she had had a very sumptuous meal the previous day."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Madhubala told Dillip that she had had a very sumptuous meal the day after."
• Incorrect time expression: "the day after" does not correspond to "yesterday".
• Option 2: "Madhubala told Dillip that she had had a very sumptuous meal the following day."
• Incorrect time expression: "the following day" implies a future event, not a past event.
• Option 4: "Madhubala told Dillip that she had a very sumptuous meal the previous day."
• Incorrect tense: "had" should be "had had" to match the past perfect tense.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. Rely.

Key Points

• The word "bank" in this context is used as a verb, meaning "to rely or depend on someone or something." (भरोसा करना)
• Example: You can always bank on her to finish the task on time.
• "Rely" means to depend on someone or something with trust. (विश्वास करना)
• Example: He relies on his team for guidance during challenging projects.
• In the sentence, "He could not bank on unreliable friends," the word "bank" is synonymous with "rely," making it the most appropriate homonym.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. Rely.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Deposit (जमा करना): To place something, especially money, in a bank for safekeeping.
• Example: She went to the bank to deposit her paycheck.
• Borrow (उधार लेना): To take something for temporary use with the intention of returning it.
• Example: I need to borrow a book from the library for my research.
• Dismiss (खारिज करना): To reject or refuse to consider something or someone.
• Example: The judge dismissed the case due to lack of evidence.

The correct answer is: Garulous.

Key Points

• The word "Garulous" refers to a person who talks excessively or unnecessarily, especially about trivial matters. (बातूनी)
• Example: The old man was so garulous that he kept talking for hours about his childhood memories.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Garulous.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Silent (चुप): Someone who does not speak or is quiet.
• Example: The room was silent as everyone awaited the announcement.
• Introvert (अंतर्मुखी): A person who prefers solitude and avoids social interactions.
• Example: Being an introvert, he finds peace in spending time alone.
• Reticent (अल्पभाषी): Someone who is not inclined to speak or express themselves freely.
• Example: She was reticent about her plans for the weekend.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The passage begins with the context of the United Nations being formed after the Second World War and highlights its purpose and contributions.
• Sentence P is the first in the logical sequence because it introduces the purpose of the UN:
• "It was established to prevent future global conflicts."
• Sentence Q follows as it explains the evolution of the UN’s role over the years:
• "Over the decades, it has expanded its roles."
• Sentence S comes next as it highlights the peacekeeping missions, which are one of the key roles of the UN:
• "Its peacekeeping missions have played a vital role in conflict zones."
• Sentence R is the last in the sequence as it mentions the current focus areas of the UN:
• "Now it addresses issues like climate change and human rights."
• The correct sequence is PQSR.

 

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"The United Nations was formed after the Second World War. It was established to prevent future global conflicts. Over the decades, it has expanded its roles. Its peacekeeping missions have played a vital role in conflict zones. Now it addresses issues like climate change and human rights. Despite criticisms, the UN remains a key international body."

The correct answer is Option 1 (i.e. PQRS).

 

Key Points

• Start with the general

Statement:

“Agriculture is the backbone of our economy.”

• Follow with P: Farmers work hard despite unpredictable weather — this introduces farmers’ effort (logical first detail).
• Then Q: They grow crops that feed the nation — explains what farmers do and why their work matters.
• Next R: Yet, they face several challenges — contrast that follows naturally after stating their contribution.
• Finally S: Modern technology can support better yield — offers a solution/way forward before the concluding duty sentence.

 

Coherent paragraph after arrangement (1 → P → Q → R → S → 6):

Agriculture is the backbone of our economy. Farmers work hard despite unpredictable weather. They grow crops that feed the nation. Yet, they face several challenges. Modern technology can support better yield. Ensuring farmer welfare is national duty.

 

Additional Information

• Option 2 (PRQS): P→R places the contrast (challenges) immediately after mentioning effort, but it skips explaining the farmers' contribution (Q) before the contrast — less smooth flow.
• Option 3 (QPRS): Starting with Q (They grow crops…) before P (Farmers work hard…) makes the order less natural — we usually mention who does the work (P) then what they do (Q).
• Option 4 (QRSP): Q→R puts the contribution then challenges but separates the statement about farmers working hard (P) and places the suggested solution (S) awkwardly; overall less logical.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "laugh on" is incorrect in this context.
• The correct preposition to use with "laugh" in this sentence is "laugh at."
• Using "on" in this context is grammatically incorrect and does not convey the intended meaning.
• Thus, the error is located in Option 1 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Sentence: "You should not laugh at others."

The correct answer is: Costly burden.

Key Points

• The phrase "A white elephant" refers to something that is expensive to maintain and of little practical value; it is a metaphor for a costly burden. (महंगा बोझ)
• Example: The new stadium has become a white elephant for the city due to its high maintenance costs and lack of use.
• White Elephant in English refers to an item that may seem valuable but becomes a burden because of its maintenance cost or impracticality. (महंगा और अनुपयोगी उपहार या वस्तु)
• Example: The gifted luxury car turned into a white elephant for him as he couldn't afford its upkeep.
• Hence, the correct answer is: Costly burden.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Costly burden.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Lucky charm (सौभाग्य का प्रतीक): An object believed to bring good luck.
• Example: She always carries her lucky charm bracelet during exams.
• Valuable item (मूल्यवान वस्तु): Something that has great value or importance.
• Example: This antique vase is a valuable item passed down through generations in our family.
• Rare animal (दुर्लभ पशु): An animal that is uncommon or endangered.
• Example: The snow leopard is considered a rare animal due to its dwindling population.

The correct answer is 'at'.

 

Key Points

• The preposition "at" is used to indicate a specific point or location, such as a train station.
• In this sentence, the train arrived late at the station, which is a specific location.
• Options 1, 2, and 4 are grammatically incorrect in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Complete Sentence: "The train arrived late at the station."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "in" is incorrect because "in" is used to refer to being inside something, which does not fit the context.
• Option 2: "to" is incorrect because "to" is used to indicate movement toward a destination, not arrival.
• Option 4: "on" is incorrect because "on" is used for surfaces and does not fit the context of arriving at a station.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: She said she dared not oppose him.
• Key Conversions:
• "I dare not oppose him" becomes "she dared not oppose him."
• The reporting verb "said" does not change as the sentence remains declarative.
• Pronoun "I" is replaced with "she" to match the subject in the indirect speech.
• Verb "dare" is converted to "dared" to reflect the past tense in indirect speech.
• The structure "not oppose him" remains unchanged.
• Punctuation and Format:
• Quotation marks are removed in indirect speech.
• The sentence structure is adjusted to fit the indirect speech format.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "She said she dared not oppose him."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "She said she has not dared to oppose him."
• The verb "has not dared" incorrectly uses present perfect tense, which does not match the original sentence's past context.
• Option 2: "She said she had dared not oppose him."
• The structure "had dared not" is grammatically incorrect and changes the meaning.
• Option 4: "She said she dare not oppose him."
• The verb "dare" is incorrectly used in present tense instead of past tense.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
• In the given sentence, "The bills are paid by him every month" is in the passive voice.
• To convert to active voice: Place the subject "he" at the beginning.
• Change the passive verb form "are paid" to the active verb form "pays" to maintain the present simple tense.
• Ensure the time phrase "every month" remains at the end of the sentence for clarity.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: "He pays the bills every month."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "He paid the bills every month." – Incorrect tense (past simple instead of present simple).
• Option 3: "He was paying the bills every month." – Incorrect tense (past continuous instead of present simple).
• Option 4: "He is paying the bills every month." – Incorrect tense (present continuous instead of present simple).

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'Alterior'.

• The correct spelling would be 'Ulterior'.
• The word 'ulterior' is an adjective which means 'existing beyond what is obvious or admitted; intentionally hidden'. (गुप्त या छुपा हुआ)
• For Example -
• She had ulterior motives for helping him.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Alterior'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Ephemeral - things that exist or are used or enjoyed for only a short time (क्षणभंगुर चीजें)
• Preposterous - contrary to reason or common sense; utterly absurd or ridiculous (हास्यास्पद)
• Paraphernalia - miscellaneous articles, especially the equipment needed for a particular activity (सामान)

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The subject of the sentence is "The manager," which is singular.
• When a singular subject is followed by a phrase such as "together with," "along with," or "as well as," the verb agrees with the singular subject.
• The verb "have" is incorrect because it implies plural agreement. It should instead be "has."
• Thus, the error is located in part 4 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Sentence: "The manager, together with his staff, has gone for lunch."

The correct answer is: Anthropologist.

Key Points

• The word "Anthropologist" refers to a person who studies the origin, development, and cultural behaviors of human societies. (मानव विज्ञानी)
• Example: The anthropologist traveled to remote villages to study their unique cultural practices.
• An "Anthropologist" focuses on understanding human evolution, social norms, and cultural diversity through research and fieldwork. (मानव विज्ञान का अध्ययन करने वाला व्यक्ति)
• Example: Margaret Mead is a famous anthropologist known for her work on cultural anthropology.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Anthropologist.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Sociologist (समाजशास्त्री): A person who studies the structure, development, and functioning of human society.
• Example: The sociologist analyzed the impact of social media on modern relationships.
• Historian (इतिहासकार): A person who studies and writes about the past, particularly human history.
• Example: The historian wrote a detailed account of the ancient Roman Empire.
• Archaeologist (पुरातत्ववेत्ता): A person who studies human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and analysis of artifacts.
• Example: The archaeologist discovered an ancient burial site in the desert.