English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The error in the sentence lies in the phrase "singer in the city." The word "singer" should be pluralized to "singers" because the subject refers to one among the best singers.
• The phrase "one of the best" implies that there is a group or collection, and the noun following it must be plural.
• The correct phrase should be "one of the best singers in the city."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Sentence: "She is one of the best singers in the city."

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The sentence discusses how habits affect outcomes over time.
• The subject "The effects of your habits" is plural.
• The correct verb form to match the plural subject is "multiply", not "multiplies".
• Thus, the sentence "The effects of your habits multiply as you repeat them" demonstrates correct subject-verb agreement.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "The effects of your habits multiplies" – Incorrect because "effects" is plural; verb must be multiply.
• Option 2: "The outcomes you see in your life today is" – Incorrect because "outcomes" is plural; verb should be are.
• Option 4: "The outcomes of your daily decisions determines" – Incorrect because "outcomes" is plural; verb should be determine.

The correct answer is Option 3 i.e. To accumulate and grow over time.

 

Key Points

• In the passage, the word "compound" is used metaphorically to indicate that small changes, when repeated consistently over time, accumulate and lead to significant results.
• The idea is similar to money compounding with interest—small, consistent contributions grow exponentially over time.
• "To accumulate and grow over time" best captures this meaning.
• Other options like "to decrease gradually," "to mix different elements," or "to remain constant" do not fit the context of cumulative growth described in the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: To decrease gradually (धीरे-धीरे कम होना) – Incorrect; the passage discusses growth, not reduction.
• Option 2: To mix different elements (विभिन्न तत्वों को मिलाना) – Incorrect; the passage refers to accumulation over time, not mixing.
• Option 4: To remain constant (स्थिर रहना) – Incorrect; the context implies change and growth, not staying the same.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The word "discipline" in the passage refers to self-control, order, and adherence to positive habits. (अनुशासन)
• The sentence mentions that a slip in discipline can lead to negative outcomes, suggesting the need for careful behavior and control.
• The best antonym of "discipline" is "carelessness", which implies a lack of attention, control, or order. (लापरवाही)
• Other options like "commitment," "determination," and "focus" are synonyms or related to discipline, not antonyms.

Therefore, the correct answer is Carelessness.

 

Additional Information

• Commitment (प्रतिबद्धता): Dedication or obligation toward a task or purpose. Not an antonym of discipline.
• Determination (दृढ़ संकल्प): Firmness of purpose; also aligns with disciplined behavior.
• Focus (ध्यान): Concentration on a task; a positive trait similar to discipline.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Success is portrayed as the result of consistent daily choices rather than a single dramatic change.
• The passage emphasizes the idea of "compound interest" applied to habits—small improvements accumulate over time.
• Positive habits compound favorably, while negative habits can compound unfavorably, impacting long-term outcomes.
• The main focus is on the power of incremental daily improvements leading to significant long-term results.

Therefore, the correct answer is Small daily improvements, when repeated consistently, lead to significant long-term results.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because the passage explicitly refutes the idea that success comes from one major change.
• Option 3: Incorrect; negative habits are discussed as impactful even if small, not only when extreme.
• Option 4: Incorrect; the passage stresses consistent effort over luck as the determinant of success.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The word "This" is used to point to or indicate a specific idea or concept mentioned earlier in the passage.
• It replaces the previous explanation about how small daily habits compound over time to produce significant outcomes.
• Demonstrative pronouns are used to indicate specific things or ideas and include words like this, that, these, those. (संकेतात्मक सर्वनाम)
• Example: This is my favorite book among all the novels I have read.

Therefore, the correct answer is Demonstrative pronoun.

 

Additional Information

• Reflexive pronoun (स्वयं-संबंधी सर्वनाम): Refers back to the subject of the sentence, e.g., "He taught himself." (उदाहरण: उसने स्वयं को पढ़ाया।)
• Abstract pronoun (अव्यक्त सर्वनाम): Not a standard grammatical category; pronouns do not generally get classified as abstract.
• Subjective pronoun (कर्तृवाचक सर्वनाम): Pronouns used as the subject of a sentence, e.g., "She runs every morning." (उदाहरण: वह हर सुबह दौड़ती है।)

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage highlights the challenge of balancing freedom of speech with preventing harm online.
• It discusses the rapid spread of content on social media, including hate speech, misinformation, and cyberbullying.
• The conflict is between allowing individuals to express themselves freely and the responsibility to protect vulnerable users from online harm.
• Other options like law vs. religion, profit vs. loss, or privacy vs. piracy do not capture the central theme of the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3: Freedom vs. online harm.

 

Additional Information

• Law vs. religion (कानून बनाम धर्म): Not discussed; the passage does not explore religious conflicts.
• Profit vs. loss (मुनाफा बनाम हानि): Irrelevant; financial aspects are not the focus.
• Privacy vs. piracy (गोपनीयता बनाम समुद्री डकैती): Not mentioned; the passage focuses on speech and online harm.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage highlights that regulating speech on social media involves controlling what is allowed or banned.
• A major concern is that regulation by private companies might suppress dissenting voices or unpopular opinions.
• This makes regulation controversial because it may unintentionally limit freedom of expression while aiming to prevent harm.
• Other options like legality, power to users, or slowing communication do not capture the core ethical concern presented in the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: It is illegal in all democracies (सभी लोकतंत्रों में यह अवैध है): Incorrect, because freedom of speech exists in democracies; regulation is debated, not universally illegal.
• Option 2: It gives too much power to users (उपयोगकर्ताओं को बहुत अधिक शक्ति देता है): Incorrect, the passage focuses on companies or platforms, not individual users.
• Option 4: It slows down communication (यह संचार को धीमा कर देता है): Incorrect, speed of communication is not the ethical concern discussed in the passage.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• Private companies are increasingly making decisions about what speech is allowed or banned on digital platforms.
• Unlike elected government bodies, these companies do not hold legal accountability or democratic authority over speech.
• This raises concerns about transparency, fairness, and potential suppression of dissent.
• Therefore, the main issue is that they lack the legal authority of accountability.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: They are too small to influence politics (वे राजनीति को प्रभावित करने के लिए बहुत छोटे हैं) – Incorrect; the concern is not about size but accountability.
• Option 2: It may have been moved, edited, or deleted (इसे स्थानांतरित, संपादित या हटाया जा सकता है) – Irrelevant in the context of ethical and legal authority.
• Option 4: They promote academic debates (वे अकादमिक बहस को बढ़ावा देते हैं) – Incorrect; the passage does not discuss academic debates.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes the challenge of balancing freedom of speech with preventing harm online.
• The author notes that thoughtful policies, digital literacy, and legal frameworks are necessary to protect rights while ensuring safety.
• Option 3, "Combining rights with safety through law and literacy," directly addresses this requirement by linking freedom with responsibility.
• Other options, such as removing users entirely, allowing complete freedom, or banning social media, do not reflect the nuanced solution suggested in the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Removing all harmful users – unrealistic and does not address systemic solutions. (सब हानिकारक उपयोगकर्ताओं को हटाना)
• Option 2: Allowing complete freedom – ignores the risk of harm; not a balanced approach. (पूर्ण स्वतंत्रता की अनुमति देना)
• Option 4: Banning social media worldwide – extreme and impractical; does not solve the ethical challenges. (दुनिया भर में सोशल मीडिया प्रतिबंधित करना)

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses both the importance of freedom of speech and the challenges posed by digital platforms.
• The author presents multiple perspectives, including the need to protect free expression and the risks of harm from hate speech or misinformation.
• The tone is reflective because it carefully weighs pros and cons without exaggeration or dismissal.
• It is balanced because it neither overstates the dangers nor ignores them, and it suggests thoughtful solutions like policy, literacy, and legal frameworks.

Therefore, the correct answer is Balanced and reflective.

 

Additional Information

• Dismissive (उपेक्षापूर्ण): Ignores or downplays the importance of free speech; not applicable here.
• Alarmist (अतिशयोक्तिपूर्ण): Exaggerates dangers to provoke fear; the passage does not exaggerate.
• Aggressive (आक्रामक): Forceful or confrontational tone; the passage is analytical and measured, not aggressive.

The correct answer is 'Option 3 i.e. restraint'.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes that true freedom requires responsible action and self-control.
• The blank (1) requires a word that conveys the idea of guiding behavior to prevent chaos in society.
• Restraint fits perfectly as it denotes self-control and moderation in exercising freedom. (संयम)
• Example: Citizens must exercise restraint in speech to maintain harmony in society.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'restraint'.

 

Additional Information

• Control (नियंत्रण): Implies authority or regulation, but the passage focuses on personal moderation, not external control.
• Governance (शासन): Refers to administration or management, which does not fit the context of personal behavior within freedom.
• Leadership (नेतृत्व): Refers to guiding others, which is broader than the intended meaning of self-moderation in freedom.

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. collapse.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the importance of balancing freedom with responsibility.
• The blank (2) refers to a negative consequence that arises if freedom lacks responsibility.
• The word "collapse" fits contextually as it signifies moral and civic breakdown that may occur when boundaries and shared responsibility are ignored.
• Other options like "revival," "education," and "loyalty" do not indicate a negative consequence and hence do not fit here.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'collapse'.

 

Additional Information

• Revival (पुनरुद्धार): Means improvement or renewal, which contradicts the context of a negative outcome.
• Education (शिक्षा): Means learning or instruction, unrelated to the moral or civic consequence described.
• Loyalty (निष्ठा): Refers to faithfulness or allegiance, which does not indicate collapse or breakdown.

The correct answer is Option 4 i.e. equality.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes that true freedom must coexist with responsibilities and consideration for others.
• The blank (3) refers to what freedom should preserve for everyone—fairness and equal treatment.
• Equality (समानता) fits best as it conveys fairness and justice for all members of society.
• Other options like justice convenience, convenience, or access do not fully capture the moral and civic balance implied in the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4 i.e. equality.

 

Additional Information

• Justice convenience (न्याय सुविधा): Grammatically incorrect and confusing; does not fit the context.
• Convenience (सुविधा): Refers to ease or comfort, irrelevant to fairness or moral balance.
• Access (पहुँच): Refers to availability or opportunity, which does not convey the moral principle implied.

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'clash'.

 

Key Points

• The blank (4) refers to situations where different voices or interests in a society oppose each other.
• The word 'clash' means a conflict or confrontation, fitting the context of differing interests in a democracy. (टकराव)
• Other options like 'vary', 'divide', and 'contradict' do not fully capture the idea of active opposition or conflict between interests.
• Example: In a multicultural society, the interests of various groups may clash during policy debates.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'clash'.

 

Additional Information

• Vary (भिन्न होना) – Means to change or differ; does not indicate conflict between interests.
• Divide (विभाजित करना) – Means to separate into parts; not necessarily about conflict.
• Contradict (विरोधाभासी होना) – Means to assert the opposite; slightly related but weaker than 'clash' for active opposition.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'distortion'.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes that freedom without responsibility can lead to negative outcomes in society.
• The blank (5) refers to the consequence or misrepresentation of freedom when it lacks accountability.
• 'Distortion' fits here as it denotes a twisted or misleading version of what true freedom means. (विकृति)
• Other options like 'rejection', 'misunderstanding', or 'creation' do not fully capture the nuanced consequence implied by the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'distortion'.

 

Additional Information

• Rejection (अस्वीकृति): Means refusal; does not convey the nuanced misrepresentation of freedom.
• Misunderstanding (गलतफहमी): Means incorrect perception; partially fits but is less precise than 'distortion'.
• Creation (निर्माण): Means bringing something into existence; irrelevant in this context.

The correct answer is 'by'.

 

Key Points

• The preposition "by" is used to indicate the agent or cause of the action that mesmerized the audience.
• The sentence refers to the speaker's eloquence, which is the reason for the audience's amazement, making "by" the most appropriate choice.
• Options 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect as they do not fit the context of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Complete Sentence: "The audience was mesmerized by the speaker's eloquence."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "for" is incorrect as it does not indicate the agent causing the action.
• Option 2: "with" is incorrect as it does not fit the context of the sentence.
• Option 3: "to" is incorrect because it does not convey the intended meaning.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The expression "No sooner" is used in formal English with the structure "No sooner had + subject + past participle."
• The sentence has a grammatical error because "No sooner I reached" does not follow the correct structure.
• The correct structure is "No sooner had I reached," which ensures proper subject-verb inversion and tense usage.
• Thus, the correct option is Option 4.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Sentence: "No sooner had I reached the platform than the train left."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "I had no sooner reached" – This structure is incorrect because it does not follow the subject-verb inversion required with "No sooner."
• Option 2: "No sooner did I reach" – While this structure is grammatically correct, it changes the tense from past perfect to simple past, which may not align with the intended meaning of the sentence.
• Option 3: "I no sooner reached" – This option is incorrect because it does not maintain the required inversion structure with "No sooner."

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The paragraph is about coral reefs, their significance, and the challenges they face.
• Sentence 2 is the first sentence as it introduces the topic:
• "Coral reefs are home to many marine species."
• Sentence 1 follows as it explains the formation of coral reefs:
• "They are formed by tiny animals called coral polyps."
• Sentence 4 comes next as it discusses the issue of coral bleaching:
• "Corals are losing their wonderful colours due to coral bleaching."
• Sentence 3 is the final sentence as it explains the causes of coral bleaching:
• "This is caused by rising ocean temperatures and pollution."
• The correct sequence is 2-1-4-3.

 

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"Coral reefs are home to many marine species. They are formed by tiny animals called coral polyps. Corals are losing their wonderful colours due to coral bleaching. This is caused by rising ocean temperatures and pollution."

The correct answer is: Acronym.

Key Points

• The word "Acronym" refers to a word that is formed by taking the initial letters of other words in a phrase and pronouncing them as a single term. (संक्षिप्त रूप)
• Example: NASA is an acronym for "National Aeronautics and Space Administration."
• The given sentence describes a word formed from the initial letters of a name, which perfectly matches the definition of an acronym.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Acronym.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Pseudonym (छद्म नाम): A fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name.
• Example: Samuel Clemens wrote under the pseudonym "Mark Twain."
• Homonym (समानार्थक शब्द): A word that is spelled and pronounced the same as another word but has a different meaning.
• Example: The word "bat" can refer to a flying mammal or a piece of sports equipment.
• Antonym (विलोम शब्द): A word that has the opposite meaning of another word.
• Example: "Hot" is an antonym of "cold."