English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is Option (2) i.e. ACBD

Key Points

• The sentence begins with the subject, "the winner," which is correctly indicated by part (A).
• Following the subject, "was declared" (CB) continues the logical sequence, making it clear what happened to the winner.
• The final part, "yesterday" (ACBD) completes the sentence by providing the time reference.

Therefore, the correct answer is ACBD

 

Additional Information

• Option 2 (CABD): This option starts with "was the winner declared yesterday," which makes the sentence grammatically incorrect and confusing.
• Option 3 (BCAD): This option starts with "declared was the winner yesterday," which disrupts the logical flow of the sentence.
• Option 4 (CBAD): This option starts with "was declared the winner yesterday," which is not a coherent sequence for this context.

The correct answer is 'drastically'.

 

Key Points

• The passage highlights the significant influence of digital technology on modern life.
• The blank requires an adverb that emphasizes the extent of transformation caused by technology.
• "Drastically" means in a radical or extreme manner, which fits the context of how digital technology has reshaped life.
• Other options like "marginally", "sporadically", and "occasionally" suggest limited or irregular impact, which does not match the overall meaning of the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Additional Information

• Marginally: Means slightly; too weak to fit the impact described.
• Sporadically: Means occurring at irregular intervals; does not indicate large-scale impact.
• Occasionally: Means sometimes; unsuitable for describing a major transformation.

The correct answer is 'Option 4 – invariably'.

 

Key Points

• The passage highlights how technologies are constantly and unavoidably reshaping industries and societies.
• The word "invariably" means "always, without exception," which fits the context perfectly.
• Other options like hesitantly, rarely, accidentally do not fit logically, as they contradict the rapid and continuous transformation described.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4 – invariably'.

 

Additional Information

• Hesitantly: Means with reluctance, which does not fit the context of rapid digital progress.
• Rarely: Means not often, contradicting the idea of constant transformation.
• Accidentally: Means by chance, which does not align with deliberate technological change.

The correct answer is 'disruption'.

 

Key Points

• The passage talks about how digital technologies bring rapid changes but also create challenges for workers.
• The appropriate noun should reflect a negative consequence or challenge caused by technological speed.
• "Disruption" fits perfectly because it means disturbance or interruption, which matches the idea of workers being uncertain about future jobs.
• Other options like "celebration", "incentive", and "harmony" do not convey the sense of difficulty or uncertainty in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Additional Information

• Celebration: Means joy or festivity, which does not fit the context of challenges in technology.
• Incentive: Refers to a motivating factor, not a challenge or problem.
• Harmony: Means balance or peace, opposite of the intended meaning here.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The sentence says people must adapt to disruption in the labour market caused by rapid technological change.
• Blank (4) needs a word that describes someone who can adjust to new conditions and therefore keep updating skills.
• Adaptable means able to adjust easily to new conditions. (अनुकूलनीय)
• Example: To survive in a fast-changing job market, workers must be adaptable and learn new skills.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4 — adaptable.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Proactive (सक्रिय/पूर्व-सक्रिय) – Means taking initiative to act in advance. Useful trait, but the sentence stresses ability to adjust continually, so "adaptable" is a closer fit.

Example: A proactive employee anticipates problems and acts before they arise.

• Option 2: Stubborn (ज़िद्दी) – Means refusing to change; opposite of what is needed here.

Example: Being stubborn about old methods can harm one’s career in a changing industry.

• Option 3: Reactive (प्रतिक्रियाशील) – Means responding after events occur; less desirable than being adaptable (which implies flexible adjustment).

Example: A reactive strategy waits for change instead of adjusting proactively.

The correct answer is 'competencies'.

 

Key Points

• The passage talks about adapting to disruption in the digital era by renewing skills.
• The word that fits best in this context is "competencies", which refers to skills and abilities required to stay competitive.
• Other options do not fit: strategies (plans, not personal abilities), diversions (distractions), and obstacles (hindrances).

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Additional Information

• Strategies: Refers to plans or approaches, but the passage emphasizes personal renewal of skills, not planning.
• Diversions: Means distractions, which is contextually irrelevant.
• Obstacles: Refers to hindrances or barriers, which does not align with the need for skill development.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The first paragraph mainly uses the Present Simple tense (e.g., "AI technologies continue," "AI now permeates," "critics warn").
• The Present Simple is used to express general truths, facts, and ongoing realities.
• This is appropriate in the context since the passage is describing the current state and ongoing debate about AI.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Past Perfect – Used to describe an action completed before another action in the past (e.g., "He had left before she arrived"). Not suitable here.
• Option 2: Present Continuous – Used for actions happening right now (e.g., "She is reading"). The passage doesn’t mainly use this tense.
• Option 3: Present Perfect Continuous – Used to describe actions that began in the past and are still continuing (e.g., "They have been working since morning"). Not found in the paragraph.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• A simple sentence contains a single independent clause (one subject + one predicate) and may include phrases but no subordinate clauses. (सरल वाक्य)
• The sentence "At the heart of the debate lies a fundamental tension between technological progress and moral responsibility." has one main clause: subject phrase ("a fundamental tension") and predicate ("lies").
• The phrase "At the heart of the debate" is an introductory prepositional phrase and "between technological progress and moral responsibility" is a prepositional phrase adding detail — neither forms an additional clause.
• Because there is only one independent clause and no subordinate or coordinate clauses, the sentence is best classified as simple.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Compound – Requires two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction; not present here.
• Option 2: Complex – Requires at least one subordinate clause; the sentence has none.
• Option 4: Compound-Complex – Requires multiple independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause; not applicable.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The word "proliferate" means to increase or spread rapidly.
• In the passage, it is used to describe how AI technologies are quickly spreading across multiple sectors like healthcare, finance, and education.
• Thus, the most appropriate meaning in this context is "spread rapidly."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Decline slowly" – Incorrect, as "proliferate" indicates growth, not decline.
• Option 3: "Change unpredictably" – Incorrect, it refers to randomness, not spreading.
• Option 4: "Improve steadily" – Incorrect, it suggests gradual improvement, not rapid increase.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The passage warns that AI can reproduce or amplify human biases when trained on biased data or programmed without safeguards. (एल्गोरिदमिक पक्षपात)
• “Algorithmic discrimination” therefore refers to AI systems treating people unfairly—for example, denying loans or misclassifying applicants—because of biased inputs, models, or design choices.
• The passage links this risk to the “black box” problem and emphasizes human responsibility for design and oversight, stressing the need for explainability and interdisciplinary ethics.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Computers correcting human mistakes — Incorrect. This is the opposite of discrimination and not what the phrase implies in the passage.
• Option 3: AI systems achieving perfect objectivity — Incorrect. The passage specifically questions claims of objectivity and warns that AI may deepen biases.
• Option 4: The classification of data without errors — Incorrect. The phrase concerns unfair treatment of people, not flawless data classification.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage highlights the "black box" problem in AI systems.
• This refers to the inability to fully explain how AI systems reach their conclusions, even by developers.
• Such opacity makes it difficult to ensure fairness, accountability, and transparency.
• Hence, the major obstacle is clearly connected to the lack of explainability in AI systems.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "The high cost of building AI models" – Not mentioned as the central problem in the passage.
• Option 2: "The limited availability of data scientists" – The passage does not discuss this issue.
• Option 4: "The lack of government funding" – No reference is made to funding as the obstacle.

The correct answer is 'domain'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence states: "Machines now make decisions that were once the (1) _______ of human judgment."
• "Domain" means an area of control or authority, which perfectly fits the idea of human judgment being replaced by AI.
• Other options do not fit: "version" refers to a form or variant, "burden" means a load or responsibility, and "process" refers to a procedure, none of which convey the sense of ownership or authority like "domain".
• Thus, the correct choice to fill the blank is "domain."

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Additional Information

• Version: Means a particular form of something, which doesn’t convey the sense of authority.
• Burden: Refers to responsibility or load, which doesn’t fit in the context of decision-making authority.
• Process: Means a series of actions or steps, but the passage talks about an "area of judgment," making "domain" the best choice.

The correct answer is 'instinct'.

 

Key Points

• The passage highlights that although AI offers speed and efficiency, it lacks something essential that humans possess when making moral decisions.
• Among the options, "instinct" best fits the context because moral instincts guide human behavior in ways that machines cannot replicate.
• Other options like "clarity" or "reasoning" refer to cognitive processes, but AI already demonstrates reasoning and clarity in data-driven tasks.
• "Depth" does not logically fit the context of morality and ethical decision-making.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. instinct.

 

Additional Information

• Clarity: Refers to being clear or understandable, but machines already operate with data precision, so it doesn’t fit.
• Depth: Means intensity or complexity, which does not align with the context of moral decision-making.
• Reasoning: Machines are capable of reasoning based on algorithms, so this option does not show the missing human quality.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. accountability.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the ethical challenges of AI systems and the need for responsibility in decision-making.
• The blank requires a noun that reflects the principle of being held responsible for one's actions.
• "Accountability" fits perfectly as it denotes the obligation to take responsibility for actions, aligning with AI making decisions that could impact people.
• Other options like "argument," "command," and "conduct" do not capture the concept of responsibility or ethical obligation in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Additional Information

• Argument (विवाद/तर्क): Means a discussion or debate, which does not fit the ethical responsibility context.
• Command (आदेश): Refers to giving orders or directives, which is unrelated to responsibility for decisions.
• Conduct (आचरण): Refers to behavior or actions, which is related but does not directly convey being held responsible.

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. universal.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the challenge of defining moral "right" in multicultural societies.
• The missing word should indicate something that applies to all people or contexts without exception.
• "Universal" fits best, as it means applicable everywhere or for everyone. (सर्वव्यापी)
• Example: Human rights are considered universal, applying to every person regardless of nationality.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'universal'.

 

Additional Information

• Visible (दृश्य): Able to be seen; not fitting in the context of abstract moral agreement.
• Consistent (संगत): Acting or done in the same way over time; does not convey universality of moral values.
• Obvious (स्पष्ट): Easily perceived or understood; too weak to indicate universally accepted principles.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. ethical.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses AI integration into daily life and emphasizes the need for moral guidance in decision-making.
• The blank refers to a quality that AI should possess beyond intelligence—something related to moral principles.
• "Ethical" fits perfectly as it indicates that AI should act according to moral values and norms.
• Other options like "controlled," "obedient," or "productive" do not capture the moral dimension required for responsible AI behavior.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'ethical'.

 

Additional Information

• Controlled (नियंत्रित): Implies being regulated or restricted; does not convey moral responsibility.
• Obedient (आज्ञाकारी): Refers to following instructions; lacks ethical judgment or moral reasoning.
• Productive (उत्पादक): Means effective or yielding results; unrelated to ethics or morality.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: She said that she wished she were a bird.
• Key Conversions:
• "O that I were a bird!" becomes "she wished she were a bird"
• The exclamatory phrase "O that" is converted to "she wished" to express the desire in indirect speech.
• Pronoun "I" is changed to "she" to match the subject in indirect speech.
• Verb "were" remains unchanged as it expresses an unreal or hypothetical condition.
• Reporting verb:
• Reporting verb "said" remains the same, as it introduces the exclamation.
• Punctuation and Format:
• Exclamatory "O that" is removed in indirect speech.
• Sentence is formatted as a statement without exclamatory punctuation.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Sentence: "She said that she wished she were a bird."

 

Additional Information

• Option 2: "She said that she has been a bird."
• Incorrect tense: "has been" implies a completed action, which does not align with the original sentence's hypothetical desire.
• Option 3: "She said that she wanted to be a bird."
• Incorrect verb: "wanted" changes the meaning to a past desire instead of a hypothetical wish.
• Option 4: "She said that she was a bird."
• Incorrect meaning: "was a bird" implies a statement of fact, not a wish or hypothetical condition.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "angry upon" is incorrect. The correct preposition to use with "angry" in this context is "with."
• The preposition "upon" is generally used in formal contexts to indicate something happening immediately after or as a result of something else, which is not applicable here.
• Thus, the correct phrase should be "She is angry with me."
• This error is located in part 3 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "She is angry with me."

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The paragraph begins with the idea that economic inflation affects both consumers and businesses, setting the context for its impacts.
• Sentence Q is the first sentence after the introduction as it directly explains how inflation reduces the purchasing power of individuals:
• "Rising prices reduce the purchasing power of individuals."
• Sentence P follows as it discusses the challenges businesses face due to inflation, maintaining the logical progression:
• "Businesses struggle to maintain profit margins."
• Sentence R is next as it introduces the potential role of governments in managing inflation through monetary policy:
• "Governments may intervene through monetary policy."
• Sentence S is the last in the sequence before the conclusion as it discusses the uncertainty inflation creates in long-term investment planning:
• "It creates uncertainty in long-term investment planning."
• The correct sequence is QPRS.

 

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"Economic inflation affects both consumers and businesses. Rising prices reduce the purchasing power of individuals. Businesses struggle to maintain profit margins. Governments may intervene through monetary policy. It creates uncertainty in long-term investment planning. Managing inflation is crucial for economic stability."

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e., Bear consequences.

Key Points

• The idiom "Face the music" means to accept and deal with the negative consequences of one's actions or decisions. (अपने कार्यों के परिणामों को स्वीकार करना और उनसे निपटना)
• Example: After failing to complete the project on time, John had to face the music during the team meeting.
• Bear consequences refers to the act of accepting responsibility for something that has gone wrong or for one's actions. (परिणाम भुगतना)
• Example: She had to bear the consequences of her decision to skip the important meeting.
• Hence, we can conclude that the meaning of "Face the music" aligns with "Bear consequences".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Poor Weather (खराब मौसम): Refers to unfavorable or bad weather conditions.
• Example: The trip was canceled due to poor weather.
• Earn Money (पैसे कमाना): Refers to making an income through work or business activities.
• Example: He works hard every day to earn money for his family.
• Give Money (पैसे देना): Refers to the act of offering or donating money to someone.
• Example: She decided to give money to the charity for a good cause.