English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is 'concern'.

Key Points

• The passage discusses the global response and increasing focus on environmental issues over the recent decades.
• The appropriate noun should describe the rising level of interest, worry, or attention directed towards these issues.
• 'Concern' fits well as it refers to a feeling of worry or importance, indicating that environmental problems are increasingly becoming a priority for people worldwide.
• Other options like 'understanding', 'problem', or 'damage' do not fit as naturally when describing the sentiment that drives campaigns and public action in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: In recent decades, there has been a growing 1. concern of environmental issues across the globe. Governments and organizations have launched several campaigns to raise public 2. awareness about the importance of protecting nature. Individuals are encouraged to reduce waste, conserve water, and adopt 3. renewable energy sources. These steps, though small, can have a significant 4. effect when adopted by large populations. It is crucial that we all 5. take responsibility for preserving our planet for future generations.

Additional Information

• Understanding: It refers to the knowledge or comprehension of a subject or situation.
• Problem: It refers to a matter or situation regarded as unwelcome or harmful that needs to be overcome.
• Damage: It refers to physical harm caused to something which impairs its value or usefulness.

The correct answer is 'awareness'.

Key Points

• The passage discusses the increasing importance of environmental issues and the actions taken by Governments and organizations to address them.
• The sentence focuses on the purpose of campaigns, which is to educate and inform the general public.
• 'Awareness' refers to the knowledge or perception of a situation or fact. It is the most appropriate word here as campaigns are specifically designed to 'raise public awareness' regarding the protection of nature.
• Other options like 'panic' (uncontrollable fear), 'curiosity' (desire to know), or 'interest' (engagement) do not fit the formal objective of educational campaigns in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Passage: In recent decades, there has been a growing 1. concern of environmental issues across the globe. Governments and organizations have launched several campaigns to raise public 2. awareness about the importance of protecting nature. Individuals are encouraged to reduce waste, conserve water, and adopt 3. renewable energy sources. These steps, though small, can have a significant 4. effect when adopted by large populations. It is crucial that we all 5. take responsibility for preserving our planet for future generations.

Additional Information

• Panic: A sudden feeling of fear and anxiety that prevents reasonable thought or action.
• Curiosity: A strong desire to know or learn something new.
• Interest: The feeling of wanting to give your attention to something or learn more about it.

The correct answer is 'renewable'.

Key Points

• The passage focuses on environmental protection and the actions individuals can take to preserve nature.
• The blank requires an adjective to describe energy sources that are beneficial for the environment.
• 'Renewable' refers to energy from sources that are not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power, making it the most appropriate choice in a discussion about sustainability.
• Other options like 'toxic' (poisonous) and 'expensive' (high cost) carry negative connotations that do not fit the context of conservation efforts.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: In recent decades, there has been a growing (1) ___ of environmental issues across the globe. Governments and organizations have launched several campaigns to raise public (2) ___ about the importance of protecting nature. Individuals are encouraged to reduce waste, conserve water, and adopt 3. renewable energy sources. These steps, though small, can have a significant (4) ___ when adopted by large populations. It is crucial that we all (5) ___ responsibility for preserving our planet for future generations.

Additional Information

• Clean: Refers to energy that does not produce greenhouse gases or pollutants. While similar to renewable, 'renewable' is the more standard term for sources that are naturally replenished.
• Toxic: Something that is harmful or poisonous to living organisms.
• Expensive: Requiring a large amount of money to purchase or maintain.

The correct answer is 'effect'.

Key Points

• The passage discusses the impact of collective environmental actions taken by individuals and organizations.
• The sentence requires a noun to describe the result or impact of these small steps when performed by a large population.
• 'Effect' is a noun that refers to a change which is a result or consequence of an action. The phrase 'have a significant effect' is a common and appropriate collocation in this context.
• Other options like 'reaction', 'OSS', and 'waste' do not logically describe the positive environmental outcome intended by the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: In recent decades, there has been a growing 1. concern of environmental issues across the globe. Governments and organizations have launched several campaigns to raise public 2. awareness about the importance of protecting nature. Individuals are encouraged to reduce waste, conserve water, and adopt 3. renewable energy sources. These steps, though small, can have a significant 4. effect when adopted by large populations. It is crucial that we all 5. take responsibility for preserving our planet for future generations.

Additional Information

• 'Reaction' refers to a response to an event, which is less suited than 'effect' for describing an intended environmental impact.
• 'OSS' is typically an acronym (like Open Source Software) and has no relevance to environmental conservation in this context.
• 'Waste' refers to unwanted materials, which contradicts the theme of environmental protection discussed in the text.

The correct answer is 'take'.

Key Points

• The sentence indicates a need for collective action and accountability towards the environment.
• The phrase 'take responsibility' is a standard English collocation meaning to accept a duty or to be the person who deals with something.
• In the context of preserving the planet for future generations, it is logically necessary for everyone to accept and perform their duty.
• Therefore, 'take' is the most appropriate verb to complete the blank.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: In recent decades, there has been a growing (1) concern of environmental issues across the globe. Governments and organizations have launched several campaigns to raise public (2) awareness about the importance of protecting nature. Individuals are encouraged to reduce waste, conserve water, and adopt (3) renewable energy sources. These steps, though small, can have a significant (4) effect when adopted by large populations. It is crucial that we all (5) take responsibility for preserving our planet for future generations.

Additional Information

• Avoid: To stay away from or prevent someone or something from happening, which would be the opposite of what is needed for environmental preservation.
• Blame: To assign responsibility for a fault or wrong; we do not 'blame responsibility', we 'place blame'.
• Shift: To move or transfer something to a different place or person; 'shifting responsibility' usually implies avoiding it yourself, which contradicts the phrase 'we all'.

The correct answer is 'veg out'.

 

Key Points

• The idiom 'veg out' means to spend time idly or relax completely, typically by doing something that requires very little mental or physical effort (like watching television or sitting around).
• In the context of the sentence, after a 'hectic month of work', it is natural for someone to want to relax or decompress during a vacation.
• The term is a shortened version of the word 'vegetate', which refers to living in an inactive or passive way.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: After a hectic month of work, Sohan wanted to veg out during the long vacation.

Additional Information

• Log out: To perform the actions necessary to finish using a computer system or a website.
• Try out: To test something or someone to see if they are suitable or effective.
• Meat out: This is not a standard idiom. The correct phrasal verb is 'Mete out', which means to dispense or allot justice, punishment, or harsh treatment.

The correct answer is: irritate.

Key Points

• The word 'annoy' means to make someone feel slightly angry, impatient, or bothered; it refers to a state of being disturbed by something repetitive or unpleasant. (परेशान करना)
• Example: The constant clicking of the pen began to annoy the students during the exam.
• 'Irritate' is a synonym that refers to the act of making someone annoyed or slightly angry, often through persistent or repeated actions. (चिढ़ाना/उत्तेजित करना)
• Example: The loud music from the neighboring house started to irritate him while he was trying to sleep.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of 'annoy' is 'irritate'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: irritate.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Please (प्रसन्न करना): To cause someone to feel happy or satisfied.
• Example: He tried his best to please his manager with high-quality work.
• Comfort (आराम): A state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint.
• Example: After the long hike, sitting by the fireplace provided great comfort.
• Soothe (शांत करना): To gently calm a person, their feelings, or to reduce pain.
• Example: The nurse applied an ointment to soothe the burn on his hand.

pThe correct answer is: lcy.

Key Points

• The word 'frigid' refers to something that is extremely cold in temperature or lacking in emotional warmth and friendliness. (बहुत ठंडा)
• Example: They had to survive the frigid temperatures of the Antarctic winter.
• 'lcy' describes a state of being very cold, covered with ice, or having the characteristics of ice. (बर्फ़ीला)
• Example: The lcy roads made driving very dangerous after the snowstorm.
• Hence, the word 'lcy' is the closest synonym for 'frigid' as both represent extreme cold.

Therefore, the correct answer is- lcy.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Warm (गर्म): Having or producing a comfortably high temperature.
• Example: It is nice and warm by the fireplace.
• Spicy (मसालेदार): Food that is flavored with spices, often creating a burning sensation.
• Example: She enjoys eating spicy food like chili and curry.
• Milo (एक प्रकार का अनाज या पेय पदार्थ): This word usually refers to a type of sorghum or a popular chocolate-malt drink.
• Example: He often has a cup of Milo for breakfast.

The correct answer is multilatera.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, spelling evaluation is directed toward the underlined nouns and adjectives to determine the correct structural form.
• The term multilateral refers to an action, alliance, or agreement participated in by three or more sovereign states or parties to achieve shared geopolitical goals.
• The standard spelling of this adjective is m-u-l-t-i-l-a-t-e-r-a-l. The option provided is multilatera, which is missing the final 'l'. Hence, it is the misspelt word.

 Additional Information

• Understanding the conceptual definitions of the other options:
• Cooperation: The action or process of individuals, organizations, or nations working together to achieve a mutual end or shared benefit.
• Pressing: An adjective used to describe an issue, demand, or situation that is highly urgent and requires immediate attention.
• Terrorism: A globally recognized noun that denotes the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political or ideological aims.

Question 1

The correct answer is: Defeat.

Key Points

• The word 'Victory' refers to an instance of defeating an enemy or opponent in a battle, game, or other competition. (विजय)
• Example: The army celebrated its victory after the long and difficult battle.
• 'Defeat' refers to an instance of being beaten in a battle or contest; it represents the failure to win and is the direct antonym of victory. (हार)
• Example: The team had to accept their defeat and learn from the mistakes made during the game.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'victory' is 'defeat'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Defeat.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Achievement (उपलब्धि): A thing done successfully, typically by effort, courage, or skill.
• Example: Winning the national award was a remarkable achievement for the young scientist.
• Win (जीत): To be successful or victorious in a contest or conflict.
• Example: The athlete trained for years to secure a win at the Olympic Games.
• Success (सफलता): The accomplishment of an aim or purpose.
• Example: Hard work and persistence are essential requirements for achieving success in any field.

The correct answer is The secret hiding place of the treasure is known by her..

Key Points

• The original sentence 'She knows the secret hiding place of the treasure' is in the Active Voice and uses the Simple Present Tense.
• In the active voice, the subject is She, the verb is knows (singular form), and the object is the secret hiding place of the treasure.
• To convert a sentence from Simple Present Tense into Passive Voice, the following structure is applied: New Subject + is/am/are + Past Participle (V3) + by + New Object.
• The object of the active sentence, the secret hiding place of the treasure, becomes the subject of the passive sentence. Since this noun phrase is singular, the helping verb is is correctly used.
• The third form (past participle) of the verb know is known.
• The pronoun She (subjective case) changes to her (objective case) when it moves to the position of the agent in the passive construction.

 Additional Information

• Analysis of Incorrect Tense and Agreement:
• Simple Past Tense: Options using was known or were known are incorrect because they change the tense of the statement from present to past. The original verb knows indicates a present state of knowledge.
• Subject-Verb Agreement: The word were is a plural auxiliary verb and cannot be used with the singular subject place.
• Semantic Alteration: Formulations such as is believed to have known introduce a sense of speculation or third-party reporting that is not present in the original direct statement.
• Verb Forms: In passive transformations, the verb must always be in its V3 form (known), regardless of the tense of the auxiliary verb.

The correct answer is The explorer wrote a detailed account of the expedition after returning from Antarctica..

Key Points

• The original sentence is written in the Passive Voice. This is identified by the structure was written by, where the auxiliary verb (was) is paired with the Past Participle (V3) form of the verb write.
• The grammatical Tense of the sentence is the Simple Past. In passive voice, this tense is represented by was/were + V3. When converting to Active Voice, the verb must be transformed into its Simple Past (V2) active form, which is wrote.
• In the conversion process, the Agent of the action (the performer), which is the explorer, moves from the end of the sentence (following the preposition by) to the Subject position at the beginning.
• The Patient or Recipient of the action, a detailed account of the expedition, shifts from the subject position to the Direct Object position.
• The Adverbial Phrase after returning from Antarctica provides temporal context and remains at the end of the sentence to maintain logical flow and narrative consistency.

 Additional Information

• Syntactic Breakdown of Options:
• Present Perfect: The phrase has written indicates an action that occurred at an indefinite time in the past or has present relevance. This changes the Simple Past nature of the original passive statement.
• Simple Present: The verb writes suggests a habitual action or a general fact, which does not align with the specific historical event described in the Simple Past.
• Past Continuous: The phrase was writing describes an ongoing action in the past. The original sentence was written indicates a completed task, requiring the simple wrote form.
• Active Voice Structure:
• The standard formula for the active voice in the Simple Past is Subject + V2 + Object.
• Applying this: The explorer (Subject) + wrote (V2) + a detailed account... (Object).
• The preposition by is a marker for the agent in passive voice and must be omitted in the active construction.

Therefore, the correct option is 2.

The correct answer is 'on'.

 

Key Points

• The phrasal verb 'live on' is used to describe subsisting, sustaining oneself, or maintaining a particular standard of living or lifestyle.
• In this context, 'to live on' indicates sustaining a livelihood or residing on the grand, luxurious estate or property of the house.
• Therefore, the preposition 'on' is the most appropriate choice to complete the sentence structure.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Complete Sentence: 'That house was very luxurious to live on.'

 

Additional Information

• 'Live in' means to occupy a home, room, or territory.
• 'Live at' refers to residing at a specific location or address.
• 'Live out' means to reside away from one's place of employment or to experience a certain span of time.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The primary error in the original sentence is the use of the incorrect preposition 'for' after the phrasal verb 'looking forward'.
• The standard idiomatic expression is 'look forward to', which means to await something with anticipation or pleasure.
• In this phrase, 'to' acts as a preposition and must be followed by a noun, a pronoun, or a gerund (an -ing verb acting as a noun).
• In the given sentence, 'your visit' is the noun phrase acting as the object of the preposition 'to'.
• Thus, the correct construction is 'looking forward to your visit'.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: 'We are all looking forward to your visit during the festival season.'

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: 'at' is not used with the phrase 'look forward'; it does not form a recognized English idiom in this context.
• Option 3: 'towards' is incorrect as a replacement for 'to' in this specific phrasal verb, and changing the tense to 'looked' (past tense) is unnecessary for this sentence.
• Option 4: 'No improvement required' is incorrect because 'looking forward for' is grammatically flawed.
• Common usage example: 'I am looking forward to meeting you' (where 'meeting' is a gerund).

The correct answer is 'on'.

 

Key Points

• The preposition 'on' is the correct choice to complete the fixed phrase 'on parole.'
• The term 'parole' refers to the permission given to a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their sentence on the condition that they behave well.
• In English grammar, when we describe the status of a person who has been released under these conditions, we always use the preposition 'on.'

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Complete Sentence: 'The politician is on parole, but he may soon go back to prison.'

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: 'in' is incorrect because this preposition does not collocate with the noun 'parole' to describe a person's legal status.
• Option 3: 'by' is incorrect as it is generally used to indicate the means or agent of an action, which does not fit here.
• Option 4: 'for' is incorrect in this context; while a prisoner can be eligible 'for' parole, once they are released, they are said to be 'on' parole.

The correct answer is Her kindness does not go unnoticed.

Key Points

• The sentence requires a phrase that aligns with the context of being recognized and appreciated. The idiom go unnoticed means to be overlooked or ignored; therefore, the double negative does not go unnoticed correctly implies that the kindness is indeed seen.
• The original phrase does not go noticed is logically inconsistent with the rest of the sentence, which states that everyone in the community appreciates her. If she is appreciated, her kindness cannot be unnoticed.
• In terms of Subject-Verb Agreement, the noun Kindness is an uncountable noun and is treated as a singular subject. Therefore, it must be paired with the singular auxiliary verb does.
• The use of the Present Indefinite Tense is appropriate here as the sentence describes a general fact or a recurring situation in the community.
• The phrase does not go unnoticed acts as a stylistic choice to emphasize the impact of her generosity by negating its opposite.

 Additional Information

• Grammar Breakdown:
• Singular vs. Plural Verbs: Does is used for third-person singular subjects (he, she, it, kindness), while do is used for plural subjects and the pronouns I and you.
• Negative Construction: The structure does + not + base form of the verb (go) is the standard way to form a negative statement in the simple present tense.
• Adjective Usage: Unnoticed is an adjective that modifies the state of the subject. Using noticed with does not go creates a meaning of being ignored, which is the opposite of the intended context.
• Vocabulary:
• Generosity: The quality of being kind and generous.
• Community: A group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common.
• Appreciates: To recognize the full worth of something or someone.

The correct answer is: Singer.

Key Points

• The phrase 'A person who sings songs either professionally or as a hobby' describes an individual who performs music using their voice. (वह व्यक्ति जो पेशेवर रूप से या शौक के रूप में गाने गाता है)
• Example: The singer was invited to perform at the annual music festival.
• 'Singer' refers to a person who sings, especially someone who does this as a profession or for enjoyment. (गायक)
• Example: Shreya Ghoshal is a very famous and talented singer.
• Hence, we can infer that the one-word substitute for the given phrase is 'Singer'.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Singer.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Dancer (नर्तक/नर्तकी): A person who moves their body rhythmically to music, typically following a set sequence of steps.
• Example: The classical dancer performed a beautiful piece on stage.
• Poet (कवि): A person who writes poems or is exceptionally skilled at literary composition.
• Example: Rabindranath Tagore was a legendary poet and philosopher.
• Actor (अभिनेता): A person whose profession is acting on the stage, in films, or on television.
• Example: The actor received great praise for his role in the new drama.

The correct answer is Option (1) i.e. Nocturnal.

Key Points

• The description 'active at night and sleeps during the day' refers to a biological or behavioral pattern where an individual or organism stays awake and functional during the hours of darkness. (रात में सक्रिय रहना और दिन में सोना)
• Example: Many people in modern professions have an active at night schedule to coordinate with different time zones.
• 'Nocturnal' is the specific term used to describe a person, animal, or plant that is active or occurs during the night rather than the day. (निशाचर)
• Example: Being a nocturnal person, he often does his best creative work after the sun goes down.
• Hence, we can infer that the one-word substitute for a person who is active at night and sleeps during the day is 'nocturnal'.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Nocturnal.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Lazy (आलसी): A person who is unwilling to work or use energy.
• Example: He was feeling too lazy to go to the gym, so he stayed home instead.
• Vampire (पिशाच): A mythical being that is traditionally active at night and subsists on the blood of the living.
• Example: In classic horror movies, a vampire must return to its coffin before sunrise.
• Sleepwalker (नींद में चलने वाला): A person who walks or performs other actions while asleep.
• Example: The sleepwalker was found wandering in the living room, completely unaware of his surroundings.

The correct answer is: A commodity that is bought without first examining it.

Key Points

• The idiom 'A pig in a poke' refers to something that is bought or accepted without knowing its true nature or quality, often because it has not been examined beforehand. (बिना जांचे-परखे वस्तु खरीदना)
• Example: Buying a used car from an online advertisement without seeing it in person is like buying a pig in a poke.
• 'A commodity that is bought without first examining it' describes a situation where a buyer acquires an item without checking its condition or verifying its value. (ऐसी वस्तु जो बिना जांचे-परखे खरीदी गई हो)
• Example: Ordering a mystery box from the internet is essentially paying for a commodity that is bought without first examining it.
• Hence, we can infer that the meaning of the idiom 'a pig in a poke' is 'a commodity that is bought without first examining it'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: A commodity that is bought without first examining it.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Someone who is very funny (बहुत मज़ाकिया व्यक्ति): This refers to a person who has a great sense of humor and makes people laugh.
• Example: Our neighbor is someone who is very funny and always tells the best jokes.
• A kindred spirit (समान स्वभाव वाला व्यक्ति): This refers to a person whose interests, beliefs, or attitudes are similar to one's own.
• Example: I knew she was a kindred spirit the moment we started talking about our shared love for classical music.
• A risky situation, with a lot to be won or lost (एक जोखिम भरी स्थिति): This refers to a high-stakes scenario where the potential for gain is high, but the risk of failure is equally great.
• Example: Investing all your savings into a new startup is a risky situation, with a lot to be won or lost.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The paragraph outlines a logical, step-by-step strategy for environmental conservation, guided by chronological transition words (First, Next, Then, After that, Later, Finally).
• Sentence S follows the first sentence as it uses the connector Next to transition from stopping deforestation to the closely related task of protecting animal homes:
• 'Next, we should protect the habitats of animals.'
• Sentence Q follows as the third part, using the word Then to broaden the scope of environmental action to include various types of pollution:
• 'Then, we need to reduce pollution in air, water, and soil.'
• Sentence P is the fourth part because it uses the phrase After that to focus on endangered species, which rely on the habitats and clean environments mentioned previously:
• 'After that, we must save endangered species.'
• Sentence R is the fifth part as it uses the word Later to introduce the active restoration step of planting more trees:
• 'Later, we should plant more trees everywhere.'
• The correct sequence of the parts between 1 and 6 is SQPR.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

'First, we must stop cutting forests. Next, we should protect the habitats of animals. Then, we need to reduce pollution in air, water, and soil. After that, we must save endangered species. Later, we should plant more trees everywhere. Finally, we must educate people to care for nature.'