English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is: Well heeled.

Key Points

• The phrase 'Wealthy or rich' refers to a person having a great deal of money, resources, or assets. (धनी या अमीर)
• Example: After years of hard work in the tech industry, he finally became wealthy enough to retire early.
• 'Well heeled' is an idiom used to describe someone who is wealthy or has a lot of money. The term originally referred to people who could afford to keep their shoes in good repair with new heels. (संपन्न/मालदार)
• Example: The charity event was attended by many well-heeled donors from the city.
• Hence, we can infer that the idiom for 'wealthy or rich' is 'well heeled'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Well heeled.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Well healed (पूरी तरह से ठीक हुआ): This refers to a wound or injury that has recovered or closed up completely. It is also often a common misspelling of 'well-heeled'.
• Example: The doctor confirmed that his surgical scar was well healed and he could resume sports.
• Well groomed (सजा-धजा/साफ-सुथरा): Describing a person who has a neat and tidy appearance, often regarding their hair, clothes, and hygiene.
• Example: As a professional model, she is always well groomed and presentable.
• Well brought up (अच्छी तरह से पाला-पोसा हुआ): Having been taught good manners and behavior by one's parents while growing up.
• Example: He is such a polite young man; it is clear that he was very well brought up.

The correct answer is: The whole nine yards.

Key Points

• The phrase 'The entirety of what's possible or available; all the related elements of something' refers to the complete range of something, including every single detail or component involved. (किसी चीज़ का संपूर्ण विस्तार या सब कुछ उपलब्ध होना)
• Example: To win the contract, we need to present the entirety of what's possible within our current infrastructure.
• 'The whole nine yards' is an idiom used to mean everything, the whole lot, or going to the full extent of a situation or task. (पूरी तरह से या सब कुछ)
• Example: When they renovated their house, they did the whole nine yards, including the landscaping and the pool.
• Hence, we can infer that the idiom 'the whole nine yards' correctly matches the given meaning.

Therefore, the correct answer is: The whole nine yards.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• All wool and yard wide (पूरी तरह से ईमानदार और विश्वसनीय): This idiom describes a person who is genuine, reliable, and honest.
• Example: You can trust his business advice; he is all wool and a yard wide.
• Thousand yard stare (शून्यता भरी दृष्टि): A blank, unfocused gaze often seen in people who have experienced severe emotional trauma or combat.
• Example: After the traumatic accident, the survivor sat on the curb with a thousand-yard stare.
• Hard yard (कठिन परिश्रम): Refers to the difficult and tedious work or effort required to achieve a goal.
• Example: If you want to reach the top of your profession, you have to put in the hard yards early in your career.

The correct answer is: Apropos.

Key Points

• The word 'Apropos' means very appropriate to a particular situation; relevant or pertinent. (उपयुक्त)
• Example: His comments were apropos of the current situation we are facing.
• 'Apropos' refers to the correct spelling of the term used to describe something that is opportune or relevant to the subject at hand. (सही वर्तनी)
• Example: The timing of his arrival was very apropos for the celebration.
• Hence, we can infer that 'Apropos' is the correctly spelled word among the options.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Apropos.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Abrogate (रद्द करना): This is the correct spelling of the misspelled option 'Abrogatte' (which incorrectly has two 't's). It means to formally repeal, abolish, or do away with a law, right, or formal agreement.
• Example: The government has the power to abrogate the treaty if terms are not met.
• Alacrity (तत्परता): This is the correct spelling of the misspelled option 'Allacrity' (which incorrectly has two 'l's). It means brisk and cheerful readiness.
• Example: She accepted the invitation to the gala with alacrity.
• Avarice (लोभ): This is the correct spelling of the misspelled option 'Avarise' (which incorrectly ends in 'ise'). It refers to extreme greed for wealth or material gain.
• Example: The main character's downfall in the story was caused by his blind avarice.

The correct answer is: Deadly.

Key Points

• The word 'fatal' refers to something that causes death or leads to a disastrous end. (घातक)
• Example: The pilot made a fatal error during the landing, resulting in a tragic accident.
• 'Deadly' describes something that is capable of causing death or is extremely lethal; it is the most appropriate synonym for the word 'fatal'. (प्राणघातक)
• Example: Some species of spiders carry a deadly venom that can be fatal to humans.
• Hence, we can infer that the correct synonym of 'fatal' is 'deadly'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Deadly.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Harmless (हानिरहित): Not likely to cause any physical or mental injury.
• Example: Although the dog looks intimidating, it is actually quite harmless and friendly.
• Safe (सुरक्षित): Protected from or not exposed to danger or risk.
• Example: It is always important to keep your valuable documents in a safe place.
• Weak (कमजोर): Lacking physical strength, energy, or power.
• Example: He felt very weak and exhausted after recovering from the fever.

The correct answer is Option (4) i.e. Restuarant.

Key Points

• The word 'Restuarant' is the misspelt version of 'Restaurant'. It refers to a place where people pay to sit and eat meals that are cooked and served on the premises. (भोजनालय)
• Example: We decided to dine at a local restaurant to celebrate the occasion.
• 'Restaurant' is the correct spelling, characterized by the sequence of vowels 'a-u' before the 'r' and 'a' before 'nt'. (रेस्तरां)
• Example: The Italian restaurant around the corner serves the best lasagna in the city.
• Hence, we can infer that 'Restuarant' is the word with the incorrect spelling.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Restuarant.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Disastrous (विनाशकारी): Something that causes great damage, failure, or a sudden catastrophe.
• Example: The disastrous fire destroyed several historic buildings in the town center.
• Pungent (तीखा/कटु): Having a sharply strong taste or smell that is often overpowering.
• Example: The pungent smell of onions always makes my eyes water while cooking.
• Benign (सौम्य/दयालु): Gentle and kindly in nature; or in a medical context, not harmful in effect.
• Example: The professor had a benign smile that immediately put the nervous students at ease.

The correct answer is: Exposed.

Key Points

• The word 'Enveloped' means to wrap up, cover, or surround something completely so as to hide or protect it. (ढका हुआ)
• Example: The mountain peak was enveloped in a thick blanket of clouds, making it invisible from the valley.
• 'Exposed' refers to something that is left uncovered, unprotected, or made visible to observation; it is the state of being revealed rather than hidden. (खुला हुआ)
• Example: The old foundations of the building were exposed during the excavation process.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Enveloped' is 'Exposed'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Exposed.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Covered (ढका हुआ): To place something over or upon an object to protect, shut, or conceal it.
• Example: The ground was covered with fallen leaves after the autumn storm.
• Wrapped (लपेटा हुआ): To enclose something in a covering such as paper or fabric.
• Example: He wrapped the fragile gift carefully in silk cloth before placing it in the box.
• Surrounded (घिरा हुआ): To be present all around someone or something; encircled.
• Example: The peaceful cottage was surrounded by ancient oak trees and a small stream.

The correct answer is Option (3) i.e. Lexicographer.

Key Points

• The phrase 'A person who compiles dictionaries' refers to an individual who is responsible for collecting, defining, and organizing words for a dictionary. (शब्दकोश संकलक)
• Example: The project required a person who compiles dictionaries to document the unique technical terms of the medical field.
• 'Lexicographer' is the specific one-word substitution for a person whose professional job involves compiling or writing dictionaries. (कोशकार)
• Example: As a dedicated lexicographer, he spent years researching the etymology of ancient words for the new encyclopedia.
• Hence, we can infer that the most suitable one-word substitution for 'A person who compiles dictionaries' is 'Lexicographer'.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Lexicographer.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Linguist (भाषाविद): A person who specializes in the study of language and its structure or is proficient in many languages.
• Example: The linguist compared the grammatical structures of several European languages.
• Grammarian (व्याकरण शास्त्री): A person who studies or writes about the rules and systems of a language.
• Example: The grammarian argued that the usage of the word had changed significantly over the last century.
• Calligrapher (सुलेखक): A person who excels in the art of producing beautiful and decorative handwriting.
• Example: The invitation cards were hand-lettered by a professional calligrapher to give them an elegant look.

The correct answer is: Circumlocution.

Key Points

• The phrase 'the use of too many words to say something simple' refers to a style of communication that is unnecessarily long, indirect, or roundabout. (गोल-मोल बात)
• Example: The politician was accused of using too much circumlocution to avoid giving a direct answer about the new tax policy.
• 'Circumlocution' is the specific term for the act of using more words than necessary to express an idea, often used to be vague or evasive. (शब्दबाहुल्य)
• Example: His speech was filled with circumlocution, making it difficult for the audience to grasp his main point.
• Hence, we can infer that the one-word substitution for the given phrase is 'circumlocution'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Circumlocution.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Rhetoric (वक्रपटुता / भाषणकला): The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of figures of speech.
• Example: The candidate’s powerful rhetoric helped him win the support of the youth.
• Hyperbole (अतिशयोक्ति): Exaggerated statements or claims that are not meant to be taken literally.
• Example: When he said he was so hungry he could eat a horse, it was clearly a hyperbole.
• Eloquence (सुवक्ता / वाक्पटुता): Fluent or persuasive speaking or writing that is clear and effective.
• Example: The lawyer’s eloquence in the courtroom had a significant impact on the jury’s decision.

The correct answer is 'in breach of'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase 'in breach of' means to fail to do something that is required by a law, rule, or agreement.
• In the context of the sentence, Deepika Padukone failed to fulfill her professional obligation by not attending the shooting, which constitutes a violation of her contract.
• The other options do not fit the context of violating a formal agreement.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Complete Sentence: 'Deepika Padukone is in breach of her contract because she did not come to the shooting.'

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: 'against' is a preposition used to show opposition or contact, but it is not the standard legal term for violating a contract.
• Option 2: 'in accordance with' means following or obeying a rule/agreement. This is the opposite of what the sentence implies, as she missed the shooting.
• Option 3: 'by force of' means using the strength or power of something (e.g., by force of habit), which is irrelevant to a contractual violation.

The correct answer is Were the fields being tilled by the farmers when the storm hit?.

Key Points

• The sentence Were the farmers tilling the fields when the storm hit? is in the Active Voice and follows the Past Continuous Tense.
• The structure of an interrogative sentence in the Past Continuous active voice is: Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing + Object?
• To convert this into Passive Voice, the object of the active sentence (the fields) becomes the new subject. Since the fields is a plural noun, the auxiliary verb Were is placed at the beginning of the sentence.
• The rule for Past Continuous passive conversion requires the addition of being followed by the Past Participle (V3) form of the main verb. Therefore, tilling changes to being tilled.
• The agent (original subject) the farmers is introduced by the preposition by.
• The subordinate clause when the storm hit is an adverbial of time and remains unchanged in the passive transformation.
• The final passive structure becomes: Were (Auxiliary) + the fields (Subject) + being + tilled (V3) + by the farmers (Agent) + when the storm hit?

 Additional Information

• Tense Mismatch Analysis:
• Simple Past Passive: Uses Was/Were + V3 without being. This represents a completed action rather than an ongoing one, making it unsuitable for translating a continuous active verb.
• Past Perfect Passive: Uses Had + been + V3. This denotes an action completed before another point in the past, which changes the original meaning of the sentence.
• Present Continuous Passive: Uses Am/Is/Are + being + V3. This shifts the timeframe from the past to the present, violating the rules of voice conversion where the tense must remain consistent.
• In English grammar, Voice describes the relationship between the action and the participants. The Passive Voice is typically used when the focus is on the action or the recipient rather than the performer.

The correct answer is Will the partners have signed the legal documents before the deal is officially announced?.

Key Points

• The provided sentence is in the Passive Voice of the Future Perfect Tense, which is characterized by the auxiliary verb structure will + have been + past participle (V3).
• To transform this into the Active Voice, the agent of the action (the partners), which follows the preposition by, must be moved to the subject position at the beginning of the clause.
• The object of the passive sentence (the legal documents) is moved to the position following the main verb in the active construction.
• The verb phrase will have been signed is converted to the active form will have signed, following the standard Future Perfect Active formula: Subject + will have + V3 + Object.
• Since the sentence is an interrogative (question), the auxiliary verb Will must remain at the start of the sentence, followed immediately by the new subject the partners.
• The secondary clause, before the deal is officially announced, remains unchanged as it serves as a time-defining subordinate clause that does not affect the primary voice conversion.

 Additional Information

• Voice and Tense Consistency:
• Active Voice: Focuses on the subject performing the action. For the Future Perfect Tense, this always uses will have + past participle.
• Passive Voice: Focuses on the object receiving the action. It always includes the auxiliary been between have and the past participle.
• Evaluation of Tense Mismatches:
• Present Continuous: Phrases like Are the partners signing imply an action currently in progress, which fails to represent the completion aspect of the Perfect Tense.
• Simple Past: Using Did the partners sign shifts the timeline to a completed event in the past, losing the future probability indicated by will.
• Present Perfect: The form Have the partners signed indicates an action completed at an unspecified time before now, which does not match the future deadline context of the original sentence.

The correct answer is Please send us a copy of your passport..

Key Points

• The given sentence 'You are requested to send us a copy of your passport' is in the Passive Voice. It follows the structure of an imperative sentence expressing a request.
• When converting passive voice sentences that begin with 'You are requested to' into active voice, the phrase is replaced with the word 'Please' to maintain the same polite tone and mood.
• The verb that follows the infinitive marker 'to' (which is 'send') becomes the main verb of the active voice sentence.
• The structure for an Active Imperative request is: Please + Verb (Base Form) + Object/Remaining predicate. Applying this rule, the sentence becomes 'Please send us a copy of your passport.'
• The subject 'You' is implied in imperative sentences, which is why it is omitted in the active form.

 Additional Information

• Imperative Sentences:
• These sentences are used to express orders, requests, suggestions, or advice.
• In Active Voice, they usually begin with a verb or 'Please'/'Kindly'.
• In Passive Voice, requests are transformed using 'You are requested to', while commands often use the 'Let + object + be + past participle' structure.
• Evaluation of Other Options:
• 'Let a copy of your passport be sent to us': This is a Passive Voice construction using the 'Let' format, which is typically used for orders rather than polite requests.
• 'Send us a copy of your passport': This is an active imperative, but it functions as a direct command and loses the request nuance provided by 'requested' in the original sentence.
• 'We request your passport copy': While grammatically active, it changes the syntactic structure of the original request and is less common as a direct conversion of an imperative request.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The error lies in the first part of the sentence: 'It was rude about the'.
• In English grammar, when we use an adjective to describe someone's behavior or character in the structure It + be + adjective + [person] + to-infinitive, the preposition 'of' must be used.
• Common adjectives used in this pattern include kind, polite, rude, generous, clever, and silly.
• Therefore, the preposition 'about' should be replaced with 'of' to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• The correct phrase is 'It was rude of the'.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Sentence: 'It was rude of the professor's daughter to have rejected the red rose which was being given by the young student.'

 

Additional Information

• professor's daughter to have – This part is correct. The perfect infinitive ('to have rejected') is used to refer to an action that occurred in the past.
• rejected the red rose which was – This part is grammatically sound, using the relative pronoun 'which' to refer back to the rose.
• being given by the young student – This part correctly uses the past continuous passive voice ('was being given') to describe the action performed by the student.

The correct answer is 'after'.

 

Key Points

• The phrasal verb 'take after' means to resemble an older relative in appearance or character.
• In the given sentence, the comparison is between Namrata and her mother regarding their physical resemblance (specifically their height).
• The preposition 'after' correctly completes the phrasal verb to show that Namrata looks like her mother.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Complete Sentence: 'Namrata takes after her mother, even with the same height.'

 

Additional Information

• 'Take by' is generally used in phrases like 'take by surprise' or 'take by the hand'.
• 'Take for' means to believe someone or something to be a particular person or thing, often wrongly (e.g., 'I took him for a doctor').
• 'Take with' usually implies carrying something or accompanying someone.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The original sentence uses the incorrect prepositional phrase 'for vain.'
• The correct idiomatic expression is 'in vain,' which means without success or a result.
• Additionally, the phrase 'make amends' is a standard collocation meaning to compensate or make up for a wrongdoing or injury.
• Combining these, the correct phrase should be 'tried in vain to make amends.'
• Thus, Option 3 is the grammatically correct replacement for the underlined part.

Therefore, the correct answer is tried in vain to make amends.

 

Correct Sentence: 'The old man tried in vain to make amends with his estranged daughter before he passed away.'

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: 'tried at vain to do amends' – This is incorrect because 'at vain' is not a standard English idiom, and 'do amends' is an incorrect collocation.
• Option 2: 'tried on vain to fix amends' – This is incorrect because 'on vain' is the wrong preposition, and 'fix amends' is not the standard phrasing for this expression.
• Option 4: 'No improvement required' – This is incorrect because the original phrase 'for vain' is grammatically flawed.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The passage explicitly states that inclusive education revolves around the concept of equity first and then equality.
• This principle implies that students are provided with supportive services tailored to their individual needs before focusing on uniform treatment.
• By prioritizing equity, the educational system acknowledges that different learners require different levels of support to reach the same level of academic excellence and well-being.
• The goal of this approach is to enable every student to feel protected, respected, and confident so they can grow to their fullest extent possible.

Therefore, the correct answer is Equity should come before equality to address individual needs before uniformity.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: This is incorrect because the passage prioritizes equity over equality, not the other way around.
• Option 3: Prioritizing consistent approaches (uniformity) for all students contradicts the passage's emphasis on individualized supportive services.
• Option 4: The passage promotes students with and without disabilities studying together in general age-appropriate classrooms, which is the opposite of ability-based segregation.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• According to the passage, inclusive education is described as a combination of pedagogical approaches and philosophy.
• Its primary goal is to enable every student to feel protected, respected, and confident in their learning environment.
• This foundation allows students to study and grow to their fullest extent possible, regardless of their background or disabilities.
• Therefore, the main aim is to foster a sense of respect and confidence for every learner.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Additional Information

• Equal resources for all learners – While equality is mentioned, the passage emphasizes equity first, meaning resources are provided based on individual needs rather than just providing the same to everyone.
• Separate classes and resources for disabled learners – This contradicts the passage, which states all students should study together in general age-appropriate classrooms.
• Focus only on academics – The passage highlights a holistic approach including social cohesion, belonging, active learning, and well-being, rather than just academic excellence.

The correct answer is They must share ideals that celebrate diversity and promote well-being for all learners.

 

Key Points

• According to the passage, inclusive education is successfully implemented in school communities that celebrate diversity and support each member’s well-being.
• The text explicitly states that communities and schools will share specific ideals and values focused on the student’s best interests.
• These shared ideals foster an environment of social cohesion, belonging, and active learning, which are essential for the growth of all learners.
• The role of these entities is to move beyond mere academic instruction to create a protected and respectful space for every student.

Therefore, the correct answer is They must share ideals that celebrate diversity and promote well-being for all learners.

 

Additional Information

• Equity vs. Equality: The foundation of inclusive education is the concept of equity first, followed by equality, ensuring that individual needs are addressed before applying uniform standards.
• Diverse Classrooms: It involves students with and without disabilities studying together in age-appropriate classrooms with supportive services tailored to them.
• Holistic Development: The philosophy aims to enable every student to grow to their fullest extent by encouraging positive interactions with peers and the wider school community.
• Critique of Other Options: Strategies that emphasize competition or strict uniformity are contrary to the inclusive values of collaboration and individualized support mentioned in the text.

The correct answer is Integrating diverse teaching strategies and inclusive values to foster students' holistic development.

 

Key Points

• According to the passage, inclusive education is defined as a combination of pedagogical approaches and philosophy.
• It emphasizes equity first and then equality, ensuring that students receive supportive services tailored to their individual needs.
• The philosophy aims for more than just academic success; it focuses on holistic development by making every student feel protected, respected, and confident.
• By integrating inclusive values like social cohesion, belonging, and active learning, schools create an environment where all students study together in general age-appropriate classrooms.
• Thus, the best description of this philosophy is the integration of diverse strategies and values to foster the fullest growth of every learner.

Therefore, the correct answer is Integrating diverse teaching strategies and inclusive values to foster students' holistic development.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: This is incorrect because the passage explicitly states that students are provided with services in accordance with their individual needs, rather than ignoring them.
• Option 2: This contradicts the core principle of inclusion, which requires students with and without disabilities to study together in the same classroom, rather than being segregated.
• Option 4: The passage encourages positive interactions with peers and members of the school community, not the limitation of social interactions.

The correct answer is Segregation by ability.

 

Key Points

• According to the passage, inclusive education is built upon the philosophy that all students, with or without disabilities, should study together in general age-appropriate classrooms.
• The text explicitly lists several values and beliefs that form the foundation of this approach, including social cohesion, belonging, and active learning.
• The goal is to foster an environment where every student feels protected, respected, and confident, allowing them to grow to their fullest extent possible.
• Segregation by ability implies separating students based on their skill levels or disabilities, which is the direct opposite of the inclusive model described, where students study together.
• Therefore, segregation by ability is NOT a value of inclusive education.

Therefore, the correct answer is Segregation by ability.

 

Additional Information

• Social cohesion: This is a stated value in the passage that results from positive interactions with peers and the school community.
• Active learning: The passage identifies this as a core belief focused on the student's best interests and a full school experience.
• Sense of belonging: The text highlights belonging as a crucial element that helps students feel integrated rather than isolated.
• Segregation by ability: This practice involves grouping students into different environments based on their academic performance or physical/mental capabilities, which contradicts the principle of equity first and celebrating diversity mentioned in the text.