SSC GD Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 14th February 2019 Shift 3)

The Venn diagram that best represents the relationship between Whales, Bats, and Mammals is shown below:

Bat and Whale belong to the class Mammal.

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

Let us consider that all of them are facing north.

1. Seven friends O, P, Q, R, S, T and U are watching a movie sitting in a row.
2. S is sitting at one extreme end.
3. Q is sitting second to the right of S.
4. P is sitting between O and Q.
5. U is not sitting at any extreme end.
6. R is sitting to the left of T.

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Hence, ‘R’ is sitting fourth to the right of U.

The logic is:

Each alternate letter repeated two times after gap of three letters. As we have to count alternate letter so 'S' is not considered, next  letter 'T' has been taken.

Similarly,

Hence, ‘USINUSIN’ is the correct answer

The logic is:

Famous : Renowned → Famous is synonym of Renowned.

Similarly,

Moisten : ? → Moisten is synonym of Drench.

Hence, ‘Drench’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Number of letters in the word ‘DIG’ is 3 and 20 × 3 = 60

Similarly,

Number of letters in the word ‘FEED’ is 4 and 20 × 4 = 80

Hence, ‘80’ is the correct answer.

The option that most closely resembles the mirror image of the given word if the mirror is placed at the right side is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

45 : 315 → 45 × 7 = 315

Similarly,

37 : ? → 37 × 7 = 259

Hence, ‘259’ is the correct answer.

The least possible venn diagram is:

I. No pen is a crow → False (It can be possible, but it is not definite)

II. Some pens are crows. → False (It can be possible, but it is not definite)

Conclusion I and II forms a complementary pair.

Hence, either conclusion I or conclusion II follows.

The least possible venn diagram is:

I. Some owls are hares. → False (It can be possible, but it is not definite)

II. Some hares are owls. → False (It can be possible, but it is not definite)

Hence, neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows.

1. J, K, L, M, N and O are six teachers. Each one teaches a different subject out of Hindi, English, Math, Science, Social Science and Arts, not necessarily in the same order.
2. Each of them teaches on only one day, from Monday to Saturday, not necessarily in the same order.
3. J teaches Arts on Saturday.
4. L teaches neither English nor Social Science, but he teaches on Thursday.
5. Wednesday is reserved for Maths taught by K.
6. O teaches Science a day before N.
7. Social Science is taught a day before Arts.

 

Only ‘M’ is left and two subjects English and Hindi are left.

‘M’ will occupy the vacant position of Teacher on the day corresponding to Friday.

In subject, English will be placed with N on Tuesday, and Hindi will be placed with L on Thursday.

So, the final arrangement is:

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Hence, ‘Social Science’ is taught on the day between Thursday and Saturday.

When the transparent sheet is folded at the dotted line, the change in arrangement that will take place is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 3’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Similarly,

Hence, ‘MGK’ is the correct answer

The logic is:

1^st diagram: (2 + 2)² = 16

2^nd diagram: (2 + 4)² = 36

Similarly,

3^rd diagram: (3 + 5)² = 64

Hence, ‘64’ is the correct answer.

The figure from amongst the four alternatives that when placed in the blank space (?) of figure X will complete the pattern when rotation is not allowed, is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 2’ is the correct answer.

The option that would follow next in the given figure series is shown below:

The figure is rotating in anti-clockwise direction.

Hence, ‘option 2’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Hence, ‘105’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Hence, ‘LWV’ is the correct answer.

All options except ‘Berlin’ are name of different countries, while ‘Berlin’ is the capital city of Germany.

Hence, ‘Berlin’ is the odd one out.

logic: State and Capital combination is given.

Dispur : Assam → Dispur is the capital of Assam.

Similarly,

Kohima : ? → Kohima is the capital of Nagaland.

Hence, ‘Nagaland’ is the correct answer.

1. – and ÷

Given expression: 27 + 48 × 2 – 7 ÷ 3 = 30

After interchanging the symbols, we get:

L.H.S = 27 + 48 × 2 ÷ 7 – 3

= 27 + 13.71 – 3

= 40.71 – 3

= 37.71 ≠ R.H.S

2. • and –

Given expression: 27 + 48 × 2 – 7 ÷ 3 = 30

After interchanging the symbols, we get:

L.H.S = 27 – 48 × 2 + 7 ÷ 3

= 27 – 96 + 2.33

= 29.34 – 96

= -66.66 ≠ R.H.S

3) × and ÷

Given expression: 27 + 48 × 2 – 7 ÷ 3 = 30

After interchanging the symbols, we get:

L.H.S = 27 + 48 ÷ 2 – 7 × 3

= 27 + 24 – 21

= 51 – 21

= 30 = R.H.S

4. – and ×

Given expression: 27 + 48 × 2 – 7 ÷ 3 = 30

After interchanging the symbols, we get:

L.H.S = 27 + 48 – 2 × 7 ÷ 3

= 27 + 48 – 4.67

= 75 – 4.67

= 70.33 ≠ R.H.S

Hence, ‘× and ÷’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

All numbers except ‘65’ are perfect cubes, while ‘65’ is not a perfect cube, as-

216 = 6 x 6 x 6.

65 = 13 x 5.

8 = 2 x 2 x2

125 = 5 x 5 x 5.

Hence, ‘65’ is the odd one out.

The logic is:

1. LNM → L = 12, N = 14, M = 13 and 12 + 14 + 13 = 39

2. RNK → R = 18, N = 14, K = 11 and 18 + 14 + 11 = 43

3. JKV → J = 10, K = 11, V = 22 and 10 + 11 + 22 = 43

4. HLW → H = 8, L = 12, W = 23 and 8 + 12 + 23 = 43

The sum of the place value of the letters of all the options except ‘LNM’ are 43, while that of ‘LNM’ is 39.

Hence, ‘LNM’ is the odd one out.

1. Eight friends A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around circular table facing each other for a lunch. 2. A is opposite F and third to the right of B.
2. G is between F and D.
3. H is to the left of D.
4. E is between C and A.

The final arrangement will be as shown below:

F is sitting third to the right of H.

Hence, ‘F’ is the correct answer.

The option in which the figure marked "X" is embedded is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 3’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Hence, ‘156’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is sedimentary rock.

Important Points

• Sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition, sedimentation, and lithification of sediments over a long period of time.
• Sedimentary rocks may also contain fossils of plants, animals that once lived on them.
• The word ‘sedimentary’ is derived from the Latin word "sedimentum".
• Shale, limestone, and conglomerate are some other examples of sedimentary rocks.

Key Points

• Sandstone is an example of sedimentary rock.
• Sandstone is made from grains of sand.

Additional Information 

• A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals.
• Igneous rock is formed due to the cooling, solidification, and crystallization of hot and molten magma.
• Granite, Basalt, Gabbro are examples of Igneous rocks.
• Metamorphic rocks are made up of sedimentary rock and igneous rock which have been subjected to high pressure and temperature.
• Clay changes into slate and limestone into marble are the examples of metamorphic rocks.
• Marble and quartzite are examples of non-foliated metamorphic rocks.

The correct answer is examine the social and economic status of the Muslim community.

Important Points 

• The Justice Rajendar Sachar committee was set up by the Government of India to examine the social and economic status of the Muslim community.
• The committee was constituted in 2005.
• The first meeting of the Committee was held on 21^st April 2005.
• Rajendra Sachar committee was headed by former chief justice of Delhi high court Rajinder Sachar.
• The Committee was appointed during the Manmohan Singh government.
• The primary aim of the committee was to identify the areas of intervention by the government to address relevant issues relating to the social, economic, and educational status of the Muslim community.
• The committee submitted its report in 2006.
• The committee was composed of seven members including the chairman and a member secretary.

The correct answer is rancidity.

​ 

• Food containing oil and fat, when kept for a longer time, causes a change in its taste and smell due to the process called rancidity.
• If there is a change in smell, taste, and color the substance is said to be rancid.
• Elimination of the oxygen content inside a container is the best way to prevent rancidity.
• Rancidity can be avoided by keeping food in airtight containers.
• Airtight containers help to slow down oxidation.

​

 

• ​Decomposition is the process of breaking down dead organic substances into simpler organic or inorganic matter.
• Fermentation is a metabolic process that makes chemical changes in organic substrates with the help of enzymes.
• A substitution reaction is a chemical reaction in which one functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by another functional group.

The correct answer is Article 25.

Important Points 

• Article 25 of the Indian constitution guarantees the Right to Freedom of Religion to its citizens.
• It provides freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion.
• It is a basic human right guarantee that cannot be subverted or misinterpreted in any manner.
• Article 25 to Article 28 of the Indian constitution deals with the Right to Freedom of Religion.

Additional Information 

• Article 14 says that all persons are equal before the law and entitled equal protection of the laws.
• Article 22 provides protection against arbitrary arrest and detention.
• Article 32 provides the right to constitutional remedies for the enforcement of fundamental rights by the Supreme court.

The correct answer is protozoa.

• Malaria and Kala Azar are caused by protozoa.
• Protozoa is a group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms.

Important Points

• The protozoa causing malaria is Plasmodium.
• Malaria disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito.
• This will leads to the destruction of Red blood cells and hence the deficiency of blood occurs.
• The treatment of malaria id done by using medicines like chloroquine, quinine,peludrine etc.
• The protozoa causing Kala Azar is Leishmania donovani.
• Kala Azar disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected sandfly.

Additional Information

It was initiated by the Government of India in 2009 is NOT correct.

Important Points

• The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was passed on 7^th September 2005.
• It was launched by the government on 2^nd Feb 2006.
• The act provides at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year.
• It is labor law in India and social security measures to guarantee the right to work.
• It is also known as the right to work.
• It is implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development.
• The act was passed under Dr. Manmohan Singh's government.
• The act was first proposed in 1991 by P.V. Narasimha Rao.
• Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan was the instrumental organisation in the passage of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

The correct answer is Bogibeel.

Important Points

• Bogibeel bridge is the fifth-longest bridge in India.
• Bogibeel bridge connects Dibrugarh in Assam to Pasighat in Arunachal Pradesh.
• It is a rail-cum-road type bridge.
• Bogibeel bridge is the longest rail-cum-road bridge in India.
• It is the second-longest rail-cum-road bridge in Asia.
• The Bogibeel bridge was built over the Brahmaputra river.
• It is 4.94 km in length.
• The bridge was inaugurated by prime minister Narendra Modi on 25^th December 2018.

Additional Information

• Pamban bridge is India's first sea bridge.
• It is located in Tamil Nadu.
• Naini Bridge is located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh.
• Coronation Bridge is located in West Bengal across the Teesta River.
• It connects the districts of Darjeeling and Kalimpong.

Important Points

The correct answer is the service sector.

Important Points 

• Economic sectors are a group of economic activities classified based on several criteria.
• It can be classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors.
• The various production activities in the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors produce a very large number of goods and services within the economy.

Key Points 

• The tertiary sector consists of some essential services that may not directly help in the production of goods.
• The other name of the tertiary sector is 'service sector'
• It provides services such as retail sales, entertainment, and financial organizations.

Additional Information 

• The primary sector is related to the extraction and harvesting of natural products.
• The primary sector consists of agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry.
• The primary sector is also called 'agriculture and related sector'.
• The secondary sector is also called the manufacturing sector.
• The economic sector in which the government owns most of the assets and provides all the services is called the public sector.

The correct answer is Puducherry.

• Among the options, only Puducherry has partial statehood in India.

Important Points

• Puducherry is a union territory in India.
• François Martin is considered as the father of Puducherry.
• Puducherry is the first union territory in India to form a legislative assembly.
• The administrative system of Puducherry consists of an elected legislative assembly and an executive council of ministers.
• Puducherry consists of a locally elected legislative assembly and government.
• The famous Romain Rolland library is located at Puducherry.
• The French left Puducherry in 1954.
• Puducherry became a union territory in 1962.

Key Points

• The Union Territories in India having partial statehood status are Delhi, Puducherry, and Jammu and Kashmir.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Varanasi.

• Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh served as the venue for the closing ceremony of Pravasi Bharatiya divas 2019.
• It was the 15th edition of the Pravasi Bharatiya divas.
• The theme of the Pravasi Bhartiya Divas Convention 2019 was "Role of Indian Diaspora in building New India".

Important Points

• Pravasi Bhartiya Divas is annually celebrated on January 9.
• The Pravasi Bhartiya Divas commemorates the return of Mahatma Gandhi from South Africa to India in 1915.
• This day also marks the contribution of the overseas Indian community in the development of India.
• The first edition of the Pravasi Bhartiya Divas was celebrated in 2003.

  

• The annual celebration format has been revised to celebrate once every two years since 2015.

The correct answer is Aurangabad.

Important Points

• The Bibi Ka Maqbara is a tomb built during the Mughal period in India
• It is located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra.
• Bibi Ka Maqbara was commissioned by the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1660.
• Aurangzeb commissioned the Bibi Ka Maqbara in the memory of his wife Dilras Banu Begum.
• Due to its resemblance to the Taj Mahal, Bibi Ka Maqbara is also known as the ‘Taj of the Deccan’.

Additional Information

• Chandannagar is a city in West Bengal.
• Ahmedabad was the former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat.
• Cuttack is a city in Odisha.

The correct answer is Srinivasa Rao.

• The Dronacharya award is the award for excellence in sports coaching.
• It is awarded annually by the government of India.
• First awarded in 1985.

Key Points

• The 2018 Dronacharya Award for Table Tennis was given to Srinivasa Rao
• Srinivasa Rao has played an influential role in the careers of many of India’s tennis players, including Chetan Baboor, A. Amalraj, and K. Shamini
• The 2019 Dronacharya Award for Table Tennis was given to Sandip Gupta.
• Winners of the Dronacharya Award 2020 are:
• Jude Sebastian (Hockey).
• Yogesh Malviya (Mallakhamb).
• Jaspal Rana (Shooting).
• Kuldeep Kumar Handoo (Wushu).
• Gaurav Khanna (Badminton).

Additional Information 

• Jiwan Kumar Sharma is a Judo player in India.
• The 2018 Dronacharya Award for weightlifting was given to Vijay Sharma.
• Tarak Sinha is a cricket player in India.

The correct answer is disguised unemployment.

Important Points

• The type of unemployment in the agricultural sector of India where more people are employed than required is known as disguised unemployment.
• It is a common form of unemployment in rural areas.
• Disguised unemployment will occur when more people are engaged in a job than required.
• A study conducted in the late 1950s reported that one-third of agriculture workers in India as disguisedly unemployed
• Unemployment is the situation where a person is searching for a job but not able to get one.

Additional Information

• Seasonal unemployment is the unemployment that occurs during a certain season of the year.
• Unemployment of the farmers during non-crop season is an example of seasonal unemployment.
• Structural unemployment is unemployment that arises due to the change in the structure of the economy.

The correct answer is corrosion.

• Corrosion is the process of slow conversion of metals into their undesirable compounds by the reaction with air or moisture present in the atmosphere.

Important Points

• After some days, statues of brass and bronze become green due to corrosion.
• Examples of corrosion are:
• Rusting of iron.
• The green coating on the surface of copper.
• Tarnishing of silver.
• Corrosion can be prevented by:
• Painting.
• Oiling.
• Galvanization.
• Chrome plating.
• Anodising.
• The factors affecting corrosion are:
• Reactivity of the metal.
• Air and moisture.
• Strains in metal.
• Presence of electrolytes.
• Presence of impurities.

Additional Information

• Oxidation is the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen during a reaction by a molecule, atom, or ion.
• Erosion is the breakdown or decay of rocks or other geological features through a chemical process.
• ​Decomposition is the process of break down dead organic substances into simpler organic or inorganic matter.

The correct answer is ​Odisha.

• ‘Bali Yatra’, the voyage to Bali, is celebrated in Odisha.

Important Points 

• Bali Yatra festival commemorates the ancient maritime history of Odisha.
• The term Bali Yatra means ‘Voyage to Bali’.
• Bali is an island in Indonesia.
• The Kalingas(Odisha) frequently traded with the island of Bali.
• Every year Kartika Purnima(full moon day in the month of Kartik i.e October-November) marks the day that the seafaring traders departed for the Indonesian islands.
• Indian women perform ‘Boita Bandana’ during this festival.

Additional Information​ 

• Jaisalmer Desert Festival is one of the famous festivals celebrated in Rajasthan.
• Onam is one of the famous festivals celebrated in Kerala.
• Pongal Festival is one of the famous festivals celebrated in Tamil Nadu.

The correct answer is ​it passed the resolution to demand Poorna Swaraj. 

Important Points

• The Lahore session of INC was held in December 1929.
• Jawaharlal Nehru was the INC president during the Lahore session.

The Lahore session passed a resolution declaring Purna Swaraj or complete independence.

Key Points

• The newly adopted tricolor flag was unfurled on 31^st December 1929.
• Jawahar Lal Nehru hoisted the Indian tricolor flag on the bank of the Ravi river.
• Indian National Congress decided to observe 26^th January 1930 as the Purna Swaraj day during the Lahore session.
• Later this day(January 26) was chosen as the Republic day of India.

The correct answer is Agni, Indra, Soma.

• Agni, Indra, and Soma are the correct group of important gods of the Vedic period among the options.

Important Points

• The Sanskrit word meaning of Agni is fire.
• Agni is the second most important god in the Vedic scriptures of ancient India.
• 200 Rigvedic hymens are devoted to Agni.
• Indra is the king of the gods in Vedic Hindu scriptures.
• Indra was considered to be the rain god.
• Indra is sometimes referred to as “the thousand-eyed.”
• Soma was a plant-producing potent drink which was a fundamental offering of the Vedic sacrifices.
• The personified deity Soma was the “king of plants”.

Additional Information

• Vishnu is a god that covered the earth in three steps.
• Garuda is the bird and the vahana (mount) of the god Vishnu.
• Yama is the god of death.
• During the Rig Vedic period, the tribal society was divided into three groups—warriors, priests, and the people.
• The fourth division called the Sudras appeared towards the end of the Rig Vedic period because it is mentioned for the first time in the tenth Book of the Rig Veda, which is the latest addition.
• There are references to slaves who were given as gifts to the priests in the Rig Vedic period.
• They were mainly women slaves employed for domestic purposes.
• It is clear that in Rig Vedic times slaves were not used directly in agriculture or other producing activities.
• In the age of the Rig Veda differentiation based on occupation was started but this division was not very sharp as there are references of various families in which different occupations were held within the same family.
• During the Rig Vedic period, tribal elements in society were stronger and social divisions based on the collection of taxes or accumulation of landed property were absent.
• ​The society was still tribal and largely egalitarian.
• It clearly signifies that there was not any evidence of feudalism in the Rig Vedic period.

The correct answer is Pinna.

Important Points 

• Ear is the sense organ for hearing.
• Ear also maintains the balance of the human body.
• The three parts of the ear are the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear.
• The human external ear consists of the pinna and external auditory canal.
• The pinna collects sound from the surroundings.
• The pinna is also called auricle.
• The external auditory canal leads inwards and extends up to the tympanic membrane.

Additional Information 

• The tympanic membrane separates the external ear from the middle ear.
• The malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane.
• The part of the inner ear which helps for hearing is called the cochlea.
• The stapes bone is attached to the oval window of the cochlea.
• The nerve impulses are transmitted via auditory nerves to the auditory cortex of the brain.

Image of Ear Diagram:

The correct answer is Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail.

Key Points

In the context of Elections in India, the term VVPAT stands for Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail.

• VVPAT is the system that allows voters to verify their votes.
• The VVPAT machine prints a slip along with the name of the candidate and the corresponding election symbol and automatically drops it in a sealed box.
• It was first introduced in India in 2013.
• VVPAT was first used in Noksen (assembly constituency) in Nagaland.
• It can be accessed by polling officers only.
• During the 2019 general election, VVPAT was introduced in all 543 Lok Sabha constituencies.

The correct answer is Thomas Munro.

Important Points 

• The Ryotwari system was a land revenue system introduced during the British raj.
• The Ryotwari System was introduced by Thomas Munro.
• Thomas Munro served as the governor of Madras from 1820 to 1827.
• Thomas Munro introduced the Ryotwari System in Bombay and Madras in 1820.
• A direct settlement was made between the government and the cultivators under the Ryotwari System.
• The Ryotwari System was first recommended by Charles Reed.
• The revenue was fixed for a period of time on the basis of the quality of soil and the nature of the crop.

Additional Information

• Warren Hastings served as the governor-general of Bengal from 1772 to 1785.
• He is the only British governor-general who was impeached by the British government.
• Lord Cornwallis is known as the 'father of civil service in India'.
• The Permanent Settlement in Bengal and Bihar was introduced by Lord Cornwallis.
• Lord Ripon is known as the 'father of local self-government' in India.
• He repealed the vernacular press act in 1882.

The correct answer is Mohammed Shami.

Important Points

• Mohammed Shami becomes the fastest bowler to claim 100 wickets in One-day Internationals as of January 2019.
• He is the fastest Indian bowler to reach 100 one-day internationals wickets.
• He took only 56 matches to reach his 100^th one-day internationals wickets.
• He is the fourth Indian cricketer to take a hat-trick wickets in a One-day international cricket match.
• At present, Rashid Khan is the fastest bowler in the world to claim 100 wickets in One-day Internationals.

Additional Information 

• Ishant Sharma was honored with the  Arjuna Award in 2011 for his outstanding achievement in cricket.
• Hardik Pandya is an Indian international cricket player from Gujarat.
• Umesh Yadav is an Indian international cricket player from Maharashtra.

It is found in a temperate region is NOT correct.

• Tundra type of vegetation is NOT found in the temperate region.

Important Points:

Tundra is a major type of treeless vegetation found in cold regions.

• The growth of natural vegetation is very limited in the Tundra region.
• Tundra type of vegetation is mostly seen in the north of the Arctic Circle or above the timberline on high mountains.
• Moss and lichens and very small shrubs are found here.
• It grows during the very short summer.
• The animals in this region have thick fur and thick skin to protect themselves from the cold climatic conditions.
• Animals found in the Tundra region are Seal, walruses, musk-oxen, Arctic owl, Polar bear, and snow.

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points ​ 

• The Bandipur national park is located in Karnataka.
• It was established in 1974,
• It is the part of the Nilgiri biosphere.
• According to the population estimation of tigers in reserves for 2018-19 Bandipore reserves has the third-highest tiger population in India with 127 tigers.
• It shares its boundary with 3 other national parks namely Nagarahole national park, Wayanad national park, and Mudumalai national park.
• Other important national parks in Karnataka are:
• Anshi National Park.
• Bannerghatta National Park.
• Kudremukh National Park.
• Nagarhole National Park.

Additional Information

 

Important Points

Tricks to remember important National Park

• Tamil Nadu: Indira gives Mukthi to Manner less Gunda Swami (Tiranga Movie) in Annamalai of Tamil Nadu.
• Odisha Bhitar (Inside) se Simple hain.
• Chhattisgarh ki Indra weekly Gurukul ghumne Kangra Ghati (valley) jati hain.

The correct answer is Cholas.

• Cholas were one of the three early kingdoms in south India during the Sangam period.

Important Points

• The big temples of Thanjavur and Gangaikondacholapuram were built during the Chola period
• Amongst the crafts associated with temples during the Chola period, the making of bronze images was the most distinctive.
• Chola bronze images are considered amongst the finest in the world.
• The bronze sculpture of Nataraja was cast during the period of the Cholas.
• The inscriptions of the Cholas refer to more than 400 terms for different kinds of taxes in ancient India.
• The most frequently mentioned tax in the Chola inscription was **vitti.**​

Additional Information

• The Chera kingdom occupied the portion of both Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
• The Romans set up two regiments at Muzris in Chola country.
• The early Pallava kings ruled during the beginning of the 4th century AD.
• Kanchipuram was the capital of the Pallavas
• The Pandyas were first mentioned by the Greek historian Megasthenes.

The correct answer is distance.

• Light Year is related to distance.

Important Points

• The distance traveled by light in one year is called a light-year.
• The distances between the Galaxies are measured in thousands of light-years.
• Light travels at a speed of 300,000 km/second.
• One light-year = $9.46 \times 10^{12} Km$
• One parsec = 3.26 light year.
• Parsec is a light-year distance unit
• The mean distance between the sun and the earth In terms of light-years is 8.311 minutes.

Additional Information

• Sound is a longitudinal wave.
• Sound travels faster in solids.
• Sound waves can not travel through a vacuum.
• Speed is the rate of change in the distance travelled by an object.
• It is a scalar quantity.

Calculation:

Average marks per Subject = Total marks of all the subjects/number of subjects

⇒ Average = (100 + 52 + 55 + 85 + 70)/5 = 72.4

Calculation:

Average = Total Production/Number of months

⇒ Average = (25 + 32 + 18 + 24 + 36 + 29 + 38)/7 = 28.85

∴ Average monthly production for the given 7 months = 28.8 (in 10000s)

Given:

Speed of bike = 25 m/s

Distance = 540 km

Formula Used:

Time = Distance / Speed

X m/s = X × (18/5) km/hr

Calculation:

Speed of bike 25 m/s = 25 × (18/5) = 90 km/hr

Now,

Time = 540/90 = 6 Hours

Given:

Rohit can complete a work in 8 days

Mohit can complete a work in 14 days

Sumit can complete a work in 21 days

Concept:

Total work can be calculated by taking LCM

Calculation:

Total work = LCM (8, 14, 21) = 168

One day work of Rohit = 168/8 = 21

One day work of Mohit = 168/14 = 12

One day work of Sumit = 168/21 = 8

One day work of (Rohit + Mohit + Sumit) together = 21 + 12 + 8 = 41

∴ Number of days the three together take to complete the work = 168/41 days

Given:

K alone can complete a work in 20 days

M alone can complete the same work in 30 days

K and M start the work together but K leaves the work after 5 days

Formula Used:

Total Work = One day Work × Number of Days

Calculation:

Total work = LCM (20, 30) = 60

⇒ One day work of K = 60/20 = 3

⇒ One day work of M = 60/30 = 2

For the first 5 days (K + M ) together done the work

⇒ One day work of (K + M) = 3 + 2 = 5

∴ The work completed in 5 days = 5 × 5 = 25

And the Remaining work = 60 – 25 = 35

The remaining work to be done by M alone

∴ Number of days M takes to complete the remaining work = 35/2 days

Given:

The ratio of two numbers is 13 : 20

The difference between them = 189

Calculation:

Let the numbers be 13x and 20x

⇒ 20x – 13x = 189

⇒ 7x = 189

∴ x = 27

The numbers are 13x and 20x ⇒ (13 × 27) and (20 × 27)

⇒ 351 and 540

∴ The smaller of the two numbers is 351

Given:

SP = 638

P**% =** 45

Formula Used:

Profit% = (Profit/CP) × 100

Calculation:

P/CP = 45/100

Let’s take CP = 100 and P = 45

∴ SP = CP + P = 100 + 45 = 145

145 ⇒ 638

1 ⇒ 638/145

45 ⇒ (638/145) × 45 = 198

∴ Profit = Rs.198

Given:

Height of cylinder = 20 cm

Radius of base = 14 cm

Formula Used:

Curved Surface area of Cylinder = 2 × π × (Radius of base) × (Height of Cylinder)

C.S.A = 2πRH

Calculation:

Curved Surface area of Cylinder = 2 × (22/7) × 14 × 20 = 1760 cm²

Given:

The average weight of 10 articles = 65 kg

Three articles having an average weight of 72 kg are removed

Concept:

3 articles are removed. So weight of the 3 articles should be subtracted from the total weight of the 10 articles

Calculation:

Total weight of 10 Articles with an average weight of 65 kg = 10 × 65 = 650 kg

Total weight of 3 Articles with an average weight of 72 kg = 3 × 72 = 216 kg

After removal of 3 Articles, New weight = 650 – 216 = 434 kg

New average weight = 434/7 = 62 kg

Concept:

The required number will be Highest common factor (HCF) of (52 – 4) and (104 – 8)

Calculation:

HCF of 48 and 96

48 = 2⁴ × 3

96 = 2⁵ × 3

∴ HCF = 2⁴ × 3 = 48

Explanation:

Let X be the first number and Y be the second number

X/14 = Y × (10/100)

⇒ X/14 = Y/10

⇒ X/Y = 14/10

⇒ X = 14 and Y = 10

Now, X is 4 more than Y

∴ The required percentage = (4/10) × 100 = 40%

Shortcut Trick

The required ratio is (x/y) : (y/x), which simplifies to (x/y) ÷ (y/x) = (x/y) × (x/y) = (x/y)².

Given x : y = 5 : 4, substitute the values directly into the squared form.

Required Ratio = (5/4)² = 25/16.

∴ The correct answer is 25 : 16.

Alternate Method

Given:

The ratio x : y = 5 : 4

Formula Used:

Ratio of a : b is written as a/b. To simplify (a/b) : (c/d), we cross-multiply to get (a × d) : (b × c).

Calculations:

⇒ x/y = 5/4

⇒ y/x = 4/5

⇒ Required Ratio = (x/y) : (y/x)

⇒ Required Ratio = (5/4) : (4/5)

⇒ To remove fractions, multiply both sides by the LCM of 4 and 5 (which is 20):

⇒ (5/4 × 20) : (4/5 × 20)

⇒ 25 : 16

∴ The correct answer is 25 : 16.

Additional Information

Duplicate Ratio

The duplicate ratio of two numbers a : b is the ratio of their squares, which is a² : b².

Inverse Ratio

The inverse ratio of a : b is 1/a : 1/b, which simplifies directly to b : a.

Compounded Ratio

The compounded ratio of a : b and c : d is (a × c) : (b × d).

Given:

Amount of money lent = 4500

Rate of Interest = 10%

Number of Years = 3

Formula Used:

A = P(1 + (r/n))^nt

Where, A → Final amount

P → Initial Principal amount

r → Rate of Interest

n → number of times interest applied per time period

t → number of time period elapsed

Calculation:

A = 4500 × (1 + (10/100))^{1 × 3}

⇒ A = 4500 × (1.1)³

⇒ A = Rs. 5989.5

Given:

From the line chart,

Production of cars in month M1 = 25

Production of cars in month M2 = 32

Difference in Production of cars from month M1 to M2 = 32 – 25 = 7

∴ The required percentage = (7/25) × 100 = 28%

Given:

Let 'a' be the side of the Square, 'l' be the length of the Rectangle and 'b' be the breadth of the Rectangle.

Area of a Square = Area of Rectangle

Length of Rectangle = a + 5

Breadth of Rectangle = a – 4

Formula Used:

Area of Square = (Side of Square)²

Area of Rectangle = Length × Breadth

Perimeter of Rectangle = 2 × (Length + Breadth)

Calculation:

Area of a Square = Area of Rectangle

⇒ a² = (l × b)

⇒ a² = (a + 5) × (a – 4)

⇒ a² = a² + 5a - 4a - 20

⇒ a = 20

Length of Rectangle (l) = 20 + 5 = 25

Breadth of Rectangle (b) = 20 – 4 = 16

now, Perimeter of the Rectangle = 2 × (25 + 16) = 82 cm

∴ The correct answer is 82 cm.

Given:

The average salary of managers = x

The number of the managers is 15 times of the number of workers

The average salary of workers = y

Formula Used:

Average salary = Total salary/Total number of persons

Explanation:

Total salary of managers = 15x

Total salary of workers = y

Total salary of managers + workers = 15x + y

Total number of persons = number of managers + number of workers = 15 + 1 = 16

Now,

Average salary of managers and workers together = (15x + y)/16

Shortcut Trick Cost Price (CP) of 1 calculator = Rs. 345 Loss percentage = 40% → Selling Price (SP) = 60% of CP SP of 1 calculator = 345 × 0.6 = Rs. 207 Total SP of 28 calculators = 207 × 28 = Rs. 5796 ∴ The correct answer is Rs. 5796. Alternate Method Given: CP of 1 calculator = Rs. 345 Loss% = 40% Number of calculators = 28 Formula Used: SP = CP × (100 − Loss%)/100

CP = 345

Loss 40%

SP = 207 Total SP (28 units) = 207 × 28 = 5796

⇒ Total CP of 28 calculators = 345 × 28 = Rs. 9660 ⇒ Total SP = 9660 × (100 − 40) / 100 ⇒ Total SP = 9660 × 60 / 100 ⇒ Total SP = 9660 × 0.6 ⇒ Total SP = Rs. 5796 ∴ The correct answer is Rs. 5796. Additional Information Profit and Loss Calculation Profit occurs when SP > CP (Profit = SP − CP). Loss occurs when CP > SP (Loss = CP − SP). Percentage Change Formula Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100 and Loss % = (Loss / CP) × 100. All profit/loss percentages are calculated on Cost Price unless specified otherwise. Marked Price and Discount Selling Price = Marked Price (MP) − Discount. Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP).

Given:

The sum of the volume of two solid spheres is $\frac{{1144}}{3}$ cm³

Formula Used:

Volume of Sphere = (4/3) × π × R³

(a³ + b³) = (a + b)³ - 3ab (a + b)

(a - b)² = (a + b)² - 4ab

Calculation:

Let R and r be the Radii of the two spheres

⇒ R + r = 7          ------- (i)

And

(4/3) × π × R³ + (4/3) × π × r³ = 1144/3

⇒ (4/3) × π × (R³ + r³) = 1144/3

(R³ + r³) = (1144/3) × (3/4) × (7/22)

⇒ (R³ + r³) = 91

Now,

(R³ + r³) = (R + r)³ - 3Rr (R + r) [As (a3 + b3) = (a + b)3 - 3ab (a + b)]

91 = (7)³ - 3Rr (7)

91 = 343 - 21Rr

21Rr = 343 - 91

Rr = 252/21

Rr = 12                 -------- (ii)

Similarly, (R - r)² = (R + r)² - 4Rr [As (a - b)2 = (a + b)2 - 4ab]

(R - r)² = (7)² - 4 × 12

(R - r)² = 49 - 48

(R - r)² = 1

R - r = 1 cm

∴ The correct answer is 1 cm.

Given:

Distance = 1872 km

Time = 26 hours

Concept:

Change the values of distance and time from km and hours to meter and seconds respectively

Formula Used

Speed = Distance/Time

X km/hr = X × (5/18) m/s

Calculation:

According to the question,

Speed = 1872/26

⇒ 72 km/hr

X km/hr = X × (5/18) m/s

⇒ Speed = 72 × (5/18)

⇒ 20 m/s

∴ The speed of Mohit is 20 m/s.

Concept:

Mode is the value that has the highest frequency

Explanation:

Value Frequency

3 2

0 3

1 6

2 4

Here the value with highest frequency is 1 with a frequency of 6

⇒ Mode is 1

Concept:

Calculation:

[(1/2 ÷ 1/4 - 4 × 1/2 × 1/3) of (2/3 ÷ 4/3 + 1/2)]

⇒ [(2 - 4 × 1/2 × 1/3) of (1/2 + 1/2)]

⇒ [(2 - 2/3) of 1]

⇒ 4/3 × 1

⇒ 4/3 

∴ The required answer is 4/3.

Given:

Marked Price(MP) = 40% more than Cost Price(CP)

Discount = 50%

Concept:

Discount always done on Marked Price

Selling Price(S.P) = Marked Price - Discount

Calculation:

Let the Cost price be Rs. 100

⇒ MP = 100(100 + 40)/100

⇒ Rs. 140 

⇒ Discount = 50% of MP

⇒ (50/100) × 140 = 70

Selling Price(S.P) = Marked Price - Discount

⇒ SP = 140 – 70 = 70

Now,

The Required percentage = (70/100) × 100 = 70%.

Shortcut Trick

Let the cost price be 100

Selling price = Marked price 40% the cost price of Discount %

⇒ 100 × (140/100) × 50/100

⇒ S.P = Rs. 70

According to the question,

⇒ (70/100)× 100 

⇒ 70%

∴ The required answer is 70%.

Concept:

Calculation:

According to the BODMAS

[45 of $\left( {\frac{3}{7} \div \frac{{15}}{{14}}} \right) - \left( {6\frac{1}{2} \div 3 - 4} \right); + ;2$]

⇒ [ 45 of 2/5 - (13/6 - 4) + 2]

⇒ [ 45 of 2/5 + - (- 11/6) + 2]

⇒ 18 + 11/6 + 2

⇒ (108 + 11 + 12)/6

⇒ 131/6

∴ The required answer is 131/6.

Given:

A sum becomes three times of itself in 10 years at the rate of simple interest

Amount(A) = 3Principal(P)

Time(T) = 10

Rate(R)

Formula Used:

Amount = Principal + Simple Interest(S.I)

S.I = (P × R × T)/100

Calculation:

Here A = 3P

⇒ 3P = P + ((P × 10 × R)/100)

⇒ 3P = P (1 + (10 × R)/100)

⇒ 300 = 100 + 10R

⇒ 10R = 200

⇒ R = 20%

∴ The rate of interest per annum is 20%.

Formula used:

S.I = A - P

S.I = (P × R × T)/100

Calculation:

Here A = 3P

⇒ S.I = 3P - P

⇒ S.I = 2P

⇒ 2P = P × R × 10/100

⇒ R = 2 × 10 = 20%

∴ The rate of interest per annum is 20%.

Shortcut Trick

Profit Ratio = P : Q : R = 14000 : 18000 : 24000 = 7 : 9 : 12

Difference in ratio parts of P and Q = 9 − 7 = 2 parts

Total ratio parts = 7 + 9 + 12 = 28 parts

Difference in profit share = (2 / 28) × 25480 = 25480 / 14 = 1820

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 1820.

Alternate Method

Given:

Investment of P = Rs. 14000

Investment of Q = Rs. 18000

Investment of R = Rs. 24000

Total Profit = Rs. 25480

Time period for all = 1 year

Formula Used:

Profit Ratio = (Capital of A × Time of A) : (Capital of B × Time of B) : (Capital of C × Time of C)

Calculation:

⇒ Profit Ratio of P, Q, and R = (14000 × 1) : (18000 × 1) : (24000 × 1)

⇒ Profit Ratio = 14 : 18 : 24

⇒ Simplified Ratio = 7 : 9 : 12

⇒ Sum of profit ratios = 7 + 9 + 12 = 28

⇒ Difference in profit ratio of P and Q = 9 − 7 = 2

⇒ Difference in profit share = (2 / 28) × 25480

⇒ Difference = (1 / 14) × 25480

⇒ Difference = 1820

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 1820.

Additional Information

Simple vs Compound Partnership

In a simple partnership, capitals are invested for the same time period. Profit is divided solely in the ratio of the invested capitals. In a compound partnership, the time periods differ, so the profit ratio becomes C₁T₁ : C₂T₂.

Active and Sleeping Partners

An active partner manages the business and usually receives a fixed salary or a specific percentage of the total profit for management duties. The remaining profit is then distributed according to the capital investment ratios among all partners including sleeping partners.

Finding Capital or Time from Profit

If the profit ratio and time ratio are given, Capital Ratio = (P₁ / T₁) : (P₂ / T₂). Conversely, if the profit and capital ratios are given, Time Ratio = (P₁ / C₁) : (P₂ / C₂).

The correct answer is use the ones.

Key Points

• Here, 'ones' refer to 'pencils' which is plural, therefore we will use it as it is also plural.
• A pronoun must agree with its antecedent (the noun to which it refers) in both number and gender.
• We use 'one' and 'ones' -
• after an adjective:
• Example: Which is your car, the red one or the black one? (here, one refers to 'car')
• after 'the':
• Example: Let us look at the photographs - the ones you took in Delhi. (here, ones refers to 'photographs')
• after which in questions:
• Example: You can have one toy. Which one do you want? (here, one refers to 'toy')
• Therefore, the most appropriate substitute is 'use the ones'.

The correct answer is Instantly.

Key Points

• At the drop of a hat is a phrase which means immediately; without delay.
• ​For example: People will file lawsuits at the drop of a hat these days.
• Instantly means at once; immediately.
• ​For example: His voice is instantly recognizable.
• So we can say that 'instantly' means the same as the given idiom.

Additional Information

 The meanings of other words given in the options are:

• Lately: recently; not long ago.
• Slowly: at a slow speed; not quickly.
• Seldom: not often; rarely.
  

Origin: The phrase 'at the drop of a hat' is believed to have originated in the 19th century. During that time it was common to signal the beginning of a fight or race by either dropping a hat or moving it in a rapid downward motion.

 

• At the drop of a hat एक वाक्यांश है जिसका अर्थ है तुरंत; बिना देर किये।
• Instantly (त्काल) का अर्थ है एक बार में; हाथोंहाथ।
• तो हम कह सकते हैं कि 'instantly' का अर्थ दिए गए मुहावरे के समान है।

Additional Information

विकल्पों में दिए गए अन्य शब्दों के अर्थ हैं:

• Lately: हाल ही में; अभी कुछ समय पहले।
• Slowly: धीमी गति से; जल्दी नहीं।
• Seldom: अक्सर नहीं; शायद ही कभी।

उत्पत्ति: 'at the drop of a hat'  वाक्यांश की उत्पत्ति 19वीं शताब्दी में मानी जाती है। उस समय के दौरान या तो एक टोपी गिराकर या उसे तेजी से नीचे की ओर ले जाकर लड़ाई या दौड़ की शुरुआत का संकेत देना आम बात थी।

The correct answer is Friendly.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and the marked option:
• Amiable: having or displaying a friendly and pleasant manner. (मैत्रीपूर्ण और सुखद तरीके से होना या प्रदर्शित करना)
• Friendly: kind and pleasant. (दयालु और सुखद)
• ​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options:
• Cheerful: noticeably happy and optimistic. (काफ़ी खुश और आशावादी)
• Bashful: reluctant to draw attention to oneself; shy. (अपनी ओर ध्यान आकर्षित करने में अनिच्छुक; शर्मीला)
• Hostile: unfriendly; antagonistic. (अमित्र; विरोधी)
• Therefore, we can say that amiable and friendly are synonyms.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the synonyms and antonyms for the given word:
• Synonyms: affable, amicable, cordial, warm, warmhearted, good-natured, nice, pleasant, agreeable, pleasing, likeable, lovable, genial.
• Antonyms: aloof, hostile, unfriendly, unpleasant, repulsive.

The correct answer is fox. 

Key Points

• Sly means having or showing a cunning and deceitful nature.
• ​For example: She was sly, selfish, and manipulative.
• Sly as a fox is an idiom which means exceptionally clever, cunning, or shrewd, especially in devious or underhanded ways.
• ​For example: He thought he was being sly as a fox in the way he had been skimming money from the cash registers, but management caught up with him eventually.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to fill in the blank is 'fox'.

​

Hint

• The fact that it is mentioned that we need to beware of him shows that fox should be the correct answer as none of the other animals poses any serious threat to us.

​

Additional Information

• Origin: Sly as a fox has been a traditional saying for hundreds of years. Fables, such as Aesop's 'The Fox and the Crow' painted the fox as a very crafty and cunning hunter.

The correct answer is Deter.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and the marked option:
• Urge: to plead, press, or move (someone to do something) 
• For example: She felt an overwhelming urge to tell someone about what had happened.
• Deter: discourage (someone) from doing something by instilling doubt or fear of the consequences.
• For example: Some potential buyers will be deterred by the price.
• ​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options:
• Persuade: cause (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument.
• For example: He persuaded his friend to go back to school.
• Triumph: a great victory or achievement.
• For example: They gained a magnificent triumph over the invading army.
• Request: an act of asking politely or formally for something.
• For example: They made a request to begin work immediately.
• Therefore, we can say that urge and deter are antonyms.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the synonyms and antonyms for the given word:
• Synonyms: advise, counsel, persuade, advocate, recommend, suggest, support, endorse, back, champion.
• Antonyms: discourage, prevent, dissuade, hinder.

The correct answer is was told to kill the dragon.

Key Points

• Here, we need a to-infinitive 'to kill' after 'told'.
• Infinitives are the base form of a verb usually used in conjugation with 'to'.
• I want to watch a movie. (Here, 'to watch' is a to-infinitive and 'want' is the main verb of the sentence.)
• The to-infinitives are often used to express the purpose of something or someone's opinion about something. 
• I have come here to meet you. (the to-infinitive 'to meet' expresses the purpose of the action of coming there)
• Therefore, the most appropriate substitution is 'was told to kill the dragon'.

​

Additional Information

• When infinitives occur without 'to', they are called bare infinitives or simply infinitives without to.
• Bare infinitives are used after modal verbs.
• I should go there myself.
• Bare infinitives are also used after some verbs like 'let', 'make', etc.
• He made me work for him.

The correct answer is Violent.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and the marked option:
• Turbulent: characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not controlled or calm. (संघर्ष, विकार, या भ्रम की विशेषता; नियंत्रित या शांत नहीं)
• Violent: using or involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something. (किसी को या किसी चीज़ को चोट पहुँचाने, क्षति पहुँचाने या मारने के लिए शारीरिक बल का उपयोग करना या शामिल करना)
• ​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options:
• Miserable: (of a person) wretchedly unhappy or uncomfortable. ((किसी व्यक्ति का) बहुत दुखी या असहज)
• Accurate: (of information, measurements, statistics, etc.) correct in all details; exact. ((सूचना, माप, सांख्यिकी, आदि) सभी विवरणों में सही; सटीक)
• Troublesome: causing difficulty or annoyance. (कठिनाई या झुंझलाहट पैदा करना)
• Therefore, we can say that turbulent and violent are synonyms.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the synonyms and antonyms for the given word:
• Synonyms: rough, stormy, tempestuous, storm-tossed, heavy, violent, wild, angry, raging, agitated.
• Antonyms: calm, mild, peaceful, gentle, stable.

The correct answer is Restrained.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and the marked option:
• Boisterous: (of a person, event, or behaviour) noisy, energetic, and cheerful; rowdy.
• Restrained: characterized by reserve or moderation; unemotional or dispassionate.
• Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• Aggravated: the past form and past participle of 'aggravate' which means to make (a problem, injury, or offence) worse or more serious.
• Incompetent: not having or showing the necessary skills to do something successfully.
• Exuberant: filled with or characterized by a lively energy and excitement.
• Hence, we can say that boisterous and restrained are antonyms.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the synonyms and antonyms for the given word:
• Synonyms: blustery, gusting, gusty, breezy, windy, stormy, wild, rough, turbulent, tempestuous, howling, roaring, raging, furious.
• Antonyms: calm, subdued, moderate, silent.

The correct answer is of.

Key Points

• We use a Preposition to show in what relation the person or thing denoted by it stands in regard to something else.
• Certain Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives and Participles are always followed by particular Prepositions.
• The adjective 'full' is always followed by the preposition 'of'.
• Other examples:
• Mumbai is famous for Bollywood.
• There is still no cure for the Coronavirus.
• They can adapt to the changing weather.
• The noise from outside prevented me from sleeping.

​

Additional Information

• Here, bid is the past form (the second form) of bid. (bid, bid, bid)
• To bid farewell means to say goodbye.
• Also consider:
• Access to, accompanied by, accomplished by, according to, account for, anxious about, based on, because of, belong to, benefit from, beneficial to, bias toward, characteristic of, coherent with, coincide with, comment on, commitment to, communicate with, derived from, devoted to, differ from, different from, disagree with (someone) about (something), enthusiastic about, envious of, equal to, equivalent to, escape from, jealous of, laugh at, mediate between, obtained from, opposed to, pessimistic about, qualified for, restricted to, suspicious of, typical of, unaware of, worried about, etc

The correct answer is improve their sales. 

Key Points

• Here, we need to replace the singular noun 'sale' with the plural noun 'sales'.
• Sale and sales are used differently depending on the context in which these terms are used.
• Sale - the exchange of a commodity for money; the action of selling something.
• The new iPhone is on sale.
• Sales - the quantity or amount sold (gross receipts).
• But when prices fall, sales generally increase.

Additional Information

• Here, 'to improve' is a 'to-infinitive' here. We can't use 'improved' here.
• Infinitives are the base form of a verb usually used in conjugation with 'to'.
• I want to watch a movie. (Here, 'to watch' is a to-infinitive and 'want' is the main verb of the sentence.)
• The to-infinitives are often used to express the purpose of something or someone's opinion about something. 
• I have come here to meet you. (the to-infinitive 'to meet' expresses the purpose of the action of coming there)

The correct answer is because he was. 

Key Points

• The error lies in the usage of the conjunction 'because'.
• We use because to mean 'for the reason that; since.'
• In the first clause of the given sentence, it is mentioned that the person cannot speak Spanish.
• Now, the clause after 'because' should give us the reason why he cannot speak Spanish.
• However, the fact that he was born and brought up in Spain cannot be the reason behind his inability to speak Spanish.
• The sentence intends to mean that he cannot speak Spanish in spite of the fact that he was born in Spain.
• Hence, the correct sentence will be - He cannot speak Spanish although he was born and brought up in Spain.

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Additional Information

• We can also use 'even though', 'despite the fact that' and 'though'.
• They essentially mean the same thing.

The correct answer is To leak the secret.

Key Points

• Spill the beans is an idiom that means to reveal something that was meant to be a secret.
• Reveal and leak are synonyms and both mean to make (previously unknown or secret information) known to others.
• So we can say that 'to leak the secret' means the same as the given idiom.

Additional Information

• Clumsy: awkward in movement or in handling things.
  

Origin of the idiom: It likely comes from the ancient Greek process of voting, where votes were cast by placing one of two different coloured beans in a vase. If someone literally spilled the beans, the election results would be revealed.

• Spill the beans एक मुहावरा है जिसका अर्थ है कुछ ऐसा प्रकट करना जो गुप्त होना था।
• Reveal और leak करना पर्यायवाची हैं और दोनों का अर्थ (पहले अज्ञात या गुप्त जानकारी) दूसरों को बताना है।
• तो हम कह सकते हैं कि 'to leak the secret' का अर्थ दिए गए मुहावरे के समान है।

Additional Information

• Clumsy:आंदोलन में या चीजों को संभालने में अजीब।

मुहावरे की उत्पत्ति: यह संभवतः मतदान की प्राचीन ग्रीक प्रक्रिया से आता है, जहां दो अलग-अलग रंगों की फलियों में से एक को फूलदान में रखकर वोट डाले जाते थे। अगर किसी ने सचमुच फलियां उगल दीं, तो चुनाव परिणाम सामने आएंगे।

The correct answer is Calendar.

Key Points

• Among the given options, the correctly spelled word is Calendar.
• ​Calendar: a chart or series of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year, or giving particular seasonal information. (किसी विशेष वर्ष के दिनों, सप्ताहों और महीनों को दर्शाने वाला या विशेष मौसमी जानकारी देने वाला चार्ट या पृष्ठों की श्रृंखला)
• As you can see, the word has the alphabet 'a' at the second and second to last positions.
• Example in a sentence:
• Let me look at the calendar and see which weekends are free.

The correct answer is Maintenance.

Key Points

• Among the given options, the correctly spelled word is Maintenance.
• It is a noun and comes from the word 'maintain' which is a verb.
• Maintenance - the process of maintaining or preserving someone or something, or the state of being maintained. (किसी को या किसी चीज को बनाए रखने या बनाए रखने की प्रक्रिया, या बनाए रखने की अवस्था)
• Example in a sentence:
• These conditions may need ongoing maintenance.

The correct answer is 'Egoist.'

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the marked option:
• Egoist: a person who believes that he\she is better or more important than other people​. (एक व्यक्ति जो मानता है कि वह अन्य लोगों की तुलना में बेहतर या अधिक महत्वपूर्ण है।)
• Eccentric: (of a person or their behaviour) unconventional and slightly strange. (अपरंपरागत और थोड़ा अजीब((किसी व्यक्ति या उनके व्यवहार का)।)
• Selfish: caring only about yourself and not about other people. (केवल अपने बारे में परवाह करना और दूसरों के बारे में नहीं।)
• Garrulous: excessively talkative, especially on trivial matters. (अत्यधिक बातूनी, विशेष रूप से तुच्छ मामलों पर।)
• From the meaning of the given words, we can say that the correct one-word substitute for the given group of words is 'Egoist.'
• Therefore, the correct answer is 'Egoist.'

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Additional Information

• Let us discuss the synonyms of the given options:
  

The correct answer is Ten years since.

Key Points

• Here, the sentence is incomplete as we don't have a subject and a verb for the object 'ten years'.
• Also, the use of 'since' shows that the first part of the sentence is in the Perfect Tense.
• The present perfect shows that the action of leaving India and starting working for the betterment of the downtrodden people started in the past ten years ago and since the person is still outside India and working on the same thing, the action is still going on.
• So, we need to add 'It has been' before 'ten years' to make the sentence complete and grammatically correct.
• In 'it has been', 'it' is the subject, 'has' is the auxiliary (helping) verb and 'been' is the main verb. (been is the past participle (third form of the verb) of 'to-be'.
• Therefore, the complete sentence will be - It has been ten years since Mohit left India and started working for the betterment of the downtrodden people.

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Additional Information

• It is incorrect to say:
• I know him for ten years.
• The correct way to say this is:
• I have known him for ten years. [Sub + has\have + the past participle (V3)]