SSC GD Constable (2024) Official Paper (Held On: 29 Feb, 2024 Shift 4) (Previous Year Paper)

Given Statements:

Some A are B.

Some B are K.

All K are J.

The least possible Venn diagram:

Conclusion

I: Some B are J. - True (Because, Some B are K and All K are J, so, Some B are also J)

II: Some A are J. - False (Because, there is no direct relation given between A and J, so it can be possible)

So, Only conclusion I follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follows".

Given: 4 and 7

Option 1) 4 × 2 + 7 - 3 = 15

After interchanging the numbers:

⇒ 7 × 2 + 4 - 3 = 15

⇒ 14 + 4 - 3 = 15

⇒ 18 - 3 = 15

⇒ 15 = 15

Option 2) 4 ÷ 2 + 3 + 7 = 6

After interchanging the numbers:

⇒ 7 ÷ 2 + 3 + 4 = 6

⇒ 3.5 + 3 + 4 = 6

⇒ 10.5 = 6

This equation will be not correct.

Option 3) 7 - 4 + 9 = 6

After interchanging the numbers:

⇒ 4 - 7 + 9 = 6

⇒ 13 - 7 = 6

⇒ 6 = 6

Option 4) 7 + 2 - 4 × 3 = -15

After interchanging the numbers:

⇒ 4 + 2 - 7 × 3 = -15

⇒ 4 + 2 - 21 = -15

⇒ 6 - 21 = -15

⇒ -15 = -15

Hence, the correct answer is "4 ÷ 2 + 3 + 7 = 6".

The logic followed here is:

• Arc is increasing by 1 outside of the circle.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Family Chart:

Decoding the Symbols:

Given: P ÷ D $ B + H × T - M

It means: P is the mother of D, D is the brother of B, B is the wife of H, H is the father of T and T is the sister of M.

So, P is the 'Wife’s mother' of H.

Hence, the correct answer is "Wife’s mother".

The logic followed here is:

XY : WW ⇒ X - 1 = W; Y - 2 = W;

Similarly, JM : ? ⇒ J - 1 = I; M - 2 = K;

Hence, the correct answer is "IK".

For find the opposite surface of 'X', we need to compare the common surface in the given dices,

Now, letter 'X' is given in Dice 1 and Dice 2, 

So, From Dice 1 and Dice 2,

When we move in clockwise direction starting from m we get;

→ X is the common surface and A, U, T, C is the adjacent surface.

So, the 'Y' will be the opposite face of 'X'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Y".

Given: Five friends Oliver, Penny, Quin, Ryan, and Sophie.

1. Oliver is sitting to the immediate right of Penny.

2. Ryan is sitting exactly between Quin and Sophie.

3. Sophie is not a neighbour to Penny.

Final arrangement:

So, Penny is sitting to the immediate right of Quin.

Hence, the correct answer is "Penny".

The logic followed here is:

• All shapes inside square are shifting their position in corner in clockwise direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "1".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: City and its Country.

Here,

Sydney : Australia → Sydney is a city in Australia.

Similarly,

Toronto : Canada → Toronto is a city in Canada.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "YNZO".

Given: Six family members Lila, Max, Nora, Oliver, Penny, and Quinn. 

1. Max is to the immediate left of Quinn, and Lila is second to the left of Max.

2. Nora is second to the left of Penny.

So, Oliver sits exactly between Quinn and Nora.

Hence, the correct answer is "Oliver".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Q".

Given equation: 10 - 26 + 12 × 20 ÷ 5 = 18

Option 1) 18 and 10

After interchanging the numbers we get:

⇒ 18 - 26 + 12 × 20 ÷ 5 = 10

⇒ 18 - 26 + 48 = 10

⇒ 66 - 26 = 10

⇒ 40 = 10

Option 2) 12 and 18

After interchanging the numbers we get:

⇒ 10 - 26 + 18 × 20 ÷ 5 = 12

⇒ 10 - 26 + 72 = 12

⇒ 82 - 26 = 12

⇒ 56 = 12

Option 3) 12 and 26

After interchanging the numbers we get:

⇒ 10 - 12 + 26 × 20 ÷ 5 = 18

⇒ 10 - 12 + 104 = 18

⇒ 114 - 12 = 18

⇒ 102 = 18

Option 4) 10 and 20

After interchanging the numbers we get:

⇒ 20 - 26 + 12 × 10 ÷ 5 = 18

⇒ 20 - 26 + 12 × 2 = 18

⇒ 20 - 26 + 24 = 18

⇒ 44 - 26 = 18

⇒ 18 = 18

Hence, the correct answer is **"**10 and 20".

The logic followed here is: Number of letters in the word + 3 = Number code.

SIXTEEN is coded as '10',

Letters in SIXTEEN = 7, then 7 + 3 = 10

NINE is coded as '7',

Letter in NINE = 4, then 4 + 3 = 7

Similarly, 'EIGHT' will be coded: 

Letters in EIGHT = 5, then 5 + 3 = 8

Hence, the correct answer is "8".

The logic followed here is:

'CHARGE' is coded as 'GHTBJD'.

Similarly, the code for 'CIRCLE' 

Hence, the correct answer is "GMESKD".

The correct Dictionary order is:

2. PARADISE
3. PARAGRAPH
4. PARALLEL
5. PARALLELISM
6. PARASITE

So, the correct order are: '2, 3, 1, 4, 5'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The image embedded in given figure is as shown below:

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "96".

The paper look when unfolded:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is Birmingham.

Key Points

• The 2022 Commonwealth Games, Officially known as XXII Commonwealth games is the 22^nd edition of the Commonwealth Games.
• The motto of the 2022 Commonwealth Games was 'Games for Everyone'.
• England has hosted the Commonwealth Games for the 3^rd time after London in 1934 and Manchester in 2002.
• Commonwealth Games 2022 is India's fifth-best in terms of the number of medals won.
• India's best performance was at Commonwealth Games in Delhi in 2010, where India won 101 medals.

Additional Information

• Commonwealth Games was first held in 1930 in Hamilton, Canada.
• Australia hosted the Commonwealth Games the most five times.
• Delhi, India hosted the Commonwealth Games in 2010.
• In Commonwealth Games 2022, Weightlifter Mirabai Chanu won India's First gold medal and Paddler Sharath Kamal won India's last gold medal.
• Commonwealth Games 2022 medal tally -

The correct answer is Praveen Kumar Srivastava.

Key Points

• Central Vigilance Commission is the apex vigilance institution, free of control from any executive authority, monitoring all vigilance activity under the Central Government and advising various authorities in Central Government organizations in planning, executing, reviewing, and reforming their vigilance work.
• Vigilance means to ensure clean and prompt administrative action towards achieving efficiency and effectiveness of the employees in particular and the organization in general, as lack of Vigilance leans to waste, losses, and economic decline.
• The CVC was set up by the Government in February 1964 on the recommendations of the Committee on Prevention of Corruption, headed by Shri K. Santhanam. In 2003, the Parliament enacted CVC Act conferring statutory status on the CVC.
• The CVC is not controlled by any Ministry/Department. It is an independent body that is only responsible to the Parliament.
• The CVC receives complaints on corruption or misuse of office and to recommends appropriate action.

The correct answer is W.C. Plowden.

Key Points

• The first synchronous census in India was conducted in the year 1881.
• This census was conducted under the guidance of W.C. Plowden, the then Census Commissioner of India.
• The synchronous census involved collecting demographic data at the same time across the entire country, making it a significant step in systematic data collection.
• It laid the foundation for modern population studies and data analysis in India.

Additional Information

• Terminology:
• Census: A census is an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.
• Synchronous Census: This refers to a census where data is collected simultaneously across different regions at a specific point in time, ensuring consistency and comparability of data.
• Demographic Data: This includes information about the population such as age, sex, occupation, and other statistics that describe the characteristics of the population.
• Census Commissioner: An official responsible for overseeing the execution of the census operations in a country.
• Historical Context:
• The 1881 census marked the first comprehensive attempt to conduct a simultaneous census across British India.
• Prior to 1881, various regions conducted local censuses, but they were not coordinated or standardized.
• The 1881 census provided critical data that helped in the planning and administration of the British Indian Empire.
• This census set a precedent for future censuses, which have been conducted decennially (every ten years) in India.
• Significance:
• Conducting a synchronous census helps in obtaining accurate and reliable demographic data, which is crucial for policy making and governance.
• It aids in the allocation of resources, planning of social services, and implementation of various development programs.
• The data collected can be used for historical analysis and research on population trends and changes over time.
• Modern Censuses:
• The most recent census in India was conducted in 2011, and the next census is planned for 2021, although it may be delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Modern censuses use advanced technology and methodologies to ensure accuracy and efficiency in data collection and analysis.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission (NSCEM): 

• The National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Program, introduced in the Union Budget 2023, focuses on addressing the significant health challenges posed by sickle cell disease, particularly among tribal populations of the country.
• Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic single gene disorder causing a debilitating systemic syndrome characterized by chronic anemia, acute painful episodes, organ infarction and chronic organ damage and by a significant reduction in life expectancy.
• Implemented in 17 high-focus states across the country, this program aims to improve the care and prospects of all sickle cell disease patients while reducing the prevalence of the disease.
• The 17 states are- Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Bihar, and Uttarakhand.
• The program is executed in a mission mode as part of the National Health Mission (NHM), aims to eliminate sickle cell genetic transmission by the year 2047, showing a long-term commitment to eradicating the disease.
• Over a period of three years, spanning from the fiscal year 2023-24 to 2025-26, the program targets screening approximately 7.0 crore people under 40 years of age.
• This ambitious goal highlights the program's dedication to reaching a large portion of the population, promoting early diagnosis and intervention.

The correct answer is Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill.

Key Points

• The Indian Lok Sabha recently passed the Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, 2023 bill to replace the Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860. The new bill has included a provision for the death penalty for those guilty of mob lynching.
• According to Section 103 (2) of the new bill, any group of five or more persons found guilty of committing murder on the ground of race, caste, community, sex, place of birth, language, personal belief, or any similar ground will face the punishment of death or life imprisonment, in addition to other potential fines.
• Union Home Minister Amit Shah has stated in the Lok Sabha that mob lynching is a grave crime, and, in order to deter this practice, the death penalty provision has been included in the new laws.
• The new bill has also introduced a specific chapter titled 'Crimes against Women and Children', focusing on sexual crimes. It includes severe punishment for gang rape, with a minimum of 20 years of imprisonment or life sentence being mandated.
• The term 'sedition' has been completely removed from the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill. The new legislation, instead, introduces the term 'treason' with focus on acts that endanger 'sovereignty or unity and integrity of India'. The definition of treason includes the mention of 'intent', providing a safeguard for freedom of expression.

Additional Information

• The bill further modifies certain language to better represent its legal intentions. Words such as 'hatred' and 'contempt' have been removed and phrases like 'armed rebellion', 'destructive activities', and 'separatist activities' have been included.
• Overall, the new Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita includes 358 sections compared to the previous 511 in the IPC.
• It adds 21 new offences, increases imprisonment terms for 41 offences, enhances penalties for 82 offences, introduces minimum mandatory punishment for 25 crimes, includes community service as a punishment in 6 crimes, and repeals 19 sections.

The correct answer is M.S. Swaminathan.

Key Points

• Green revolution
• The green revolution refers to the large increase in the production of food grains resulting from the use of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, especially for wheat and rice crops.
• The first phase of the green revolution took place during the period ranging from the mid-1960s up to the mid-1970s.
• During the first phase, the use of HYV seeds was restricted to the more affluent states like Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
• During the second phase of the green revolution (the mid-1970s to mid-1980s), the HYV technology spread to a larger number of states and benefitted more variety of crops.
• The adoption of green revolution technology enabled India to achieve self-sufficiency in the production of food grains.

 Additional Information

• Facts about the green revolution
• ​M.S. Swaminathan is known as the father of the green revolution in India.
• The green revolution was a great success and changed India’s status from a food-deficient economy to one of the world’s leading agricultural economies.
• The green revolution in India started in the year 1965-68 and lasted till the year 1977-78.

Thus, the green revolution took place in India in the mid-1960s.

The correct answer is Minister of war and peace.

Key Points

• During the reign of Samudragupta, the meaning of Sandhi-Vigrahika was Minister of War and Peace.

Additional Information 

• In Ancient India, the Gupta Dynasty was founded by Sri Gupta.
• Samudragupta was a famous ruler of a dynasty known as the Guptas.
• We know about Samudragupta from a long inscription actually a poem in Sanskrit, composed by his court poet Harisena.
• This was inscribed on the Ashokan pillar at Allahabad.
• This inscription is of the special kind known as prashasti, a Sanskrit word, meaning ‘in praise of.
• The poet praised the king in glowing terms as a warrior, as a king who won victories in battle, who was learned, and the best of poets.
• He is also described as equal to the gods

The correct answer is Savitribai Phule.

Key Points Savitribai Phule:

• Savitribai Phule was a prominent figure in the social reform movement in 19^th-century India.
• She was a pioneering educationist, a social reformer, and a poetess.
• However, there is no significant historical evidence to suggest that she was actively involved in political activism or held political positions.
• Her primary focus was on advocating for the education and empowerment of women, promoting social equality, and fighting against caste-based discrimination and social injustice.
• Her contributions were mainly in the fields of education and social reform, making her an important figure in India's history, especially in the context of women's rights and social equality.

Additional Information

• Vijay Lakshmi Pandit-
• Vijay Lakshmi Pandit is an Indian political leader and also diplomat, one of the world’s leading women in public life in the 20^th century.
• She was the daughter of Motilal Nehru, a wealthy and aristocratic nationalist leader, and the sister of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of independent India.
• Usha Mehta:
• Usha Mehta was one of the most prominent Gandhians in India. She saw Mahatma Gandhi for the first time when she was just five at his Ashram at Ahmedabad.
• On 14 August 1942, Mehta along with her associates started the Secret Congress Radio. The radio broadcast the voice messages of Gandhi and several other leaders to the public. The station changed its place after every broadcast to avoid capture by the government.
• The secret radio was also assisted by veteran socialist leader Ram Manohar Lohia.
• Congress Radio functioned for few months during the Quit India Movement of 1942.​
• However, in November that year, the police found out their location and arrested everyone including Mehta. They were betrayed by an insider.
• She was released in 1946 by the interim government in Bombay under the orders of the home minister Morarji Desai.
• Sarojini Naidu
• The great Sarojini Naidu was an Indian poet and political activist.
• She played a significant role in India's fight for independence from colonial control as a supporter of civil rights, women's emancipation, and anti-imperialist beliefs.
• The Golden Threshold (1905), The Bird of Time (1912), and her collected poems, The Sceptred Flute (1928) and The Feather of the Dawn, are only a few examples of Sarojini Naidu's many poetry collections.

The correct answer is Goa.

Key Points

• The International Lusophone Festival will be held in Goa from 3-6 December.
• It will be inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Goa, Pramod Sawant in Raj Bhavan.
• It is organized by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) in partnership with the Indian Council of Cultural Relations (ICCR) and the Goa govt.
• Lusophones are people that speak Portuguese as a native or as a common second language.

 Additional Information

• ​The Ministry of External Affairs of India is the government agency responsible for implementing Indian foreign policy.
• Subrahmanyam Jaishankar is an Indian diplomat and politician serving as the Minister of External Affairs of the Government of India since 30 May 2019.
• The Indian Council for Cultural Relations is an autonomous organization of the Government of India, involved in India's global cultural relations, through cultural exchange with other countries and their people.
• President: Vinay Sahasrabuddhe

The correct answer is Ministry of Home Affairs.

Key Points

• The responsibility of conducting the decennial Census rests with the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
• The Census Act was enacted in 1948 to provide for the scheme of conducting population census with the duties and responsibilities of census officers.
• Current Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India- Dr Vivek Joshi
• 1872 - The first census was conducted in India non-synchronously in different parts.
• The Census Organization of India- a family of 33 Nos. Directorate of Census Operations working under the aegis of its Headquarter - Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, New Delhi.

Additional Information

• Population data are collected through a Census operation held every 10 years in our country.
• The first population Census in India was conducted in 1872
• 1872 - The first census was conducted in India non-synchronously in different parts.
• The first complete Census was conducted only in 1881.
• Theme of Census 2021- Janganana se Jan Kalyan
• Theme of Census 2011 - Our Census, Our future

The correct answer is 2002-2007.

Key Points The Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002-2007) was the first Five-Year Plan of the 21^st century. It was launched by the Government of India in 2002 and aimed to achieve several key objectives.

Additional Information

• The plan focused on achieving 8% annual GDP growth.
• It emphasized agriculture, infrastructure development, and education as priority sectors.
• The plan aimed to reduce poverty by 10 percentage points and increase employment opportunities.
• It introduced the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) to provide employment to rural households.
• The plan also focused on improving the health of the population and increasing access to healthcare services.
• It aimed to achieve universal literacy and improve the quality of education at all levels.
• The plan was successful in achieving most of its objectives and laid the foundation for subsequent Five-Year Plans.

The correct answer is sitar.

Key Points

• Pt. Ravi Shankar
• Pt Ravi Shankar was a renowned Sitarist.
• He was also an Indian composer and musician born on 7 April 1920.
• He has been honored with prestigious awards such as Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan, Bharat Ratna, and Grammy Award.
• The "Sitar maestro" was the best-known proponent of the sitar in the second half of the 20^th century and influenced many other musicians throughout the world including Beatles guitarist George Harrison.

 Additional Information

The correct answer is Sobha Naidu.

Key Points

The correct answer is Birju Maharaj.

Key Points

• Pandit Birju Maharaj was an Indian Kathak dancer, composer, singer, and exponent of the Banaras Gharana's "Kalka-Bindadin" Gharana.
• His two uncles, Shambhu Maharaj and Lachhu Maharaj, as well as his father and guru, Acchan Maharaj, were all Kathak dancers.
• He was also a vocalist who sang Hindustani classical music. After working at Bhartiya Kala Kendra, then the Kathak Kendra, New Delhi, with his uncle Shambhu Maharaj, he became the head of the latter for several years until his retirement in 1998, when he started his own dance school, Kalashram, also in Delhi.
• In 1986, Birju Maharaj received the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honour.

The correct answer is change of inventories.

Key Points

• The correct way to express the change of inventories of a firm during a year is by calculating the inventory turnover or by using the formula for the change in inventories.
• Inventory Turnover:
• Inventory turnover is a financial ratio that measures the number of times a company's inventory is sold and replaced during a given period.
• It is calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold (COGS) by the average inventory value.
• The formula for inventory turnover is:
• Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory
• Change in Inventories::-
• The change in inventories can be calculated by subtracting the ending inventory value from the beginning inventory value.
• The formula for the change in inventories is:
• Change in Inventories = Ending Inventory - Beginning Inventory
• This measure represents the net increase or decrease in inventory over a specific period, such as a year. A positive value indicates an increase in inventory, while a negative value suggests a decrease.

The correct answer is 7.

Key Points

• Handball is also known as team handball
• It is played by passing a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the other team.
• A standard match consists of two periods of 30 minutes and the team that scores more goals wins.

Explanation:

Handball team:

• It is a team sport
• It is played between two teams of seven players each (six outcount players and a goalkeeper)

Handball (Dimensions):

• According to IHF(International Handball Federation) rule-
• Length-40m
• Breadth-20m
• Half diagonal- 28.28
• Full diagonal-44.72.
• The inner dimension of goal post- 2X3m
• The full dimension of goal post- 2.08 X 3.16m
• Centerline- 20 m from any end line.

Thus, there are 7 players in a handball team.

Additional Information

• This sport is usually played indoors, but outdoor variants exist in the form of field handball and beach handball.
• The game is fast and high-scoring, professional teams now typically score between 20 to 35 goals each, though lower scores were not common until a few decades ago.
• Body contact is permitted.
• No protective equipment is mandated but players may wear soft bands, pads, and mouth guards.

The correct answer is Germany.

Key Points

• The Sultan of Johor Cup is an annual, international under-21 men's field hockey tournament held in Malaysia.
• Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia, lying just north of the Equator.
• Malaysia:- Capital: Kuala Lumpur; Currency: Malaysian ringgit, formerly known as the Malaysian dollar.
• Malaysia has multiple military exercises with India, including the annual Harimau Shakti and the bilateral Samudra Laksamana.

Additional Information

• The first edition of the Sultan of Johor Cup was held in 2011.
• The 2023 Sultan of Johor Cup:-
• It was the 11^th edition, held at the Taman Daya Hockey Stadium in Johor Bahru, Malaysia from 27 October to 4 November 2023.
• Germany won the 11^th Sultan of Johor Cup gold medal by defeating Australia 3-1 in the penalty shootout in the final match.
• The Indian junior hockey team had to face defeat by 3-6 at the hands of Germany in the semi-finals.

The correct answer is Union of states.

Key Points Article 1 of the Constitution of India states that India, or Bharat, shall be a Union of States: 

Article 1(1): India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.

Article 1(2): The States and the territories thereof shall be the States and their territories specified in Parts A, B and C of the First Schedule.

The territory of India consists of the states, union territories specified in the First Schedule, and other acquired territories. Article 2 states that acquired territories can be converted into states. 

Article 1 is the foundational provision that establishes the Union of India. It sets the tone for the entire constitutional framework of India. 

The name "Bharat" is derived from the name of the Vedic community of Bharatas. It is also said to be derived from the name of either Dushyanta's son Bharata of Mahabharata.

The correct answer is citizens.

Key Points

• Article 325 of the constitution ensures universal suffrage and provides that no person be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.

About Universal Adult Suffrage

• Universal adult suffrage is the right to vote of all adult citizens, regardless of wealth, income, gender, social status, race, or ethnicity, subject only to minor exceptions.
• Election Commission of India (ECI): The ECI as an independent constitutional authority was therefore brought into force from November 26^th, 1949.
• Representation of the People Act, 1950: To provide a legal framework for the conduct of elections, Parliament passed the Representation of the People Act, 1950, Representation of the People Act, 1951 and Delimitation Commission Act of 2002.
• Delimitation: For the purpose of first general elections to the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabhas, the first delimitation order was issued by the President, in consultation with ECI and with the approval of Parliament in August 1951.
• Recently, Shri Rajiv Kumar has assumed charge as the new Election Commissioner (EC) of India.
• He has replaced Shri Sunil Arora.

The correct answer is Oxygen.

Key Points

• In 1869, Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev created the framework that became the modern periodic table
• He also left gaps for elements that were yet to be discovered.
• While arranging the elements according to their atomic weight, if he found that they did not fit into the group he would rearrange them.
• British chemist John Newlands was the first to arrange the elements into a periodic table with increasing order of atomic masses.
• He arranged the elements in eight groups but left no gaps for undiscovered elements.

Additional Information

• Gregor Mendel, through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance.
• Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits.
• In 1913, Niels Bohr proposed a theory for the hydrogen atom, based on the quantum theory that some physical quantities only take discrete values.
• Dalton's atomic theory suggested that all matter was comprised of indivisible and indestructible atoms with distinct masses and properties, the combination of which determined the physical nature of their constituent elements.

Modern Periodic Table -

Given:

Simple interest (SI) for 5 years = 25% of principal (P).

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) / 100

Calculation:

Given SI for 5 years = 25% of P

⇒ (P × R × 5) / 100 = 25% of P

⇒ (P × R × 5) / 100 = (25/100) × P

⇒ (P × R × 5) / 100 = P/4

Dividing both sides by P:

⇒ (R × 5) / 100 = 1/4

⇒ R × 5 = 25

⇒ R = 5%

Now, we need to find the time (T) when SI = P:

SI = P

⇒ (P × R × T) / 100 = P

⇒ (P × 5 × T) / 100 = P

Dividing both sides by P:

⇒ (5 × T) / 100 = 1

⇒ 5T = 100

⇒ T = 20 years

The correct answer is option 3: 20 years.

Given:

Average of 9 consecutive natural numbers = 51

Formula Used:

Average of n consecutive natural numbers = (First number + Last number) / 2

Calculation:

Let the first number be x.

Then, the 9 consecutive numbers are x, x+1, x+2, x+3, x+4, x+5, x+6, x+7, x+8.

Average of these numbers = (x + (x+1) + (x+2) + (x+3) + (x+4) + (x+5) + (x+6) + (x+7) + (x+8)) / 9

Sum of these numbers = 9x + (1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8) = 9x + 36

⇒ (9x + 36) / 9 = 51

⇒ 9x + 36 = 51 × 9

⇒ 9x + 36 = 459

⇒ 9x = 459 - 36

⇒ 9x = 423

⇒ x = 423 / 9

⇒ x = 47

The smallest number among these numbers is 47.

Given:

Selling price (SP) = ₹ 2352

Gain = ₹ 752

Formula Used:

Gain Percent = (Gain / Cost Price) × 100

Calculation:

Cost Price (CP) = SP - Gain

CP = ₹ 2352 - ₹ 752

CP = ₹ 1600

Gain Percent = (Gain / CP) × 100

⇒ Gain Percent = (₹ 752 / ₹ 1600) × 100

⇒ Gain Percent = 0.47 × 100

⇒ Gain Percent = 47%

The gain percent is 47%.

Given:

Length of the longest rod (diagonal) in the cubical room = 50√3 cm.

Formula Used:

Diagonal of the cube, d = a√3

Volume of the cube, V = a³

Calculation:

Given diagonal, d = 50√3

According to the formula:

d = a√3

⇒ 50√3 = a√3

⇒ a = 50 cm

Now, Volume of the cube:

V = a³

⇒ V = 50³

⇒ V = 125000 cm³

The volume of the cube is 125000 cm³.

Given:

We need to find the smallest perfect square divisible by both 12 and 5.

Formula Used:

A number that is a perfect square and divisible by two numbers must be divisible by the least common multiple (LCM) of those two numbers.

To find the smallest perfect square that is divisible by a number, the number must be a perfect square itself.

Calculation:

LCM of 12 and 5:

Prime factors of 12 = 2² × 3

Prime factors of 5 = 5

LCM = 2² × 3 × 5 = 60

To make 60 a perfect square, we need each prime factor to be raised to an even power.

So, we take:

60 = 2² × 3 × 5

To make it a perfect square, we need to multiply by 3 and 5:

⇒ 60 × 3 × 5 = 900

900 is 30², which is a perfect square.

The smallest perfect square divisible by both 12 and 5 is 900.

Given:

C and D together can complete a work in 40 days.

C is 40 percent more efficient than D.

Formula Used:

Work done = Efficiency × Time

Calculation:

Let the efficiency of D be E.

Then, the efficiency of C = 1.4E.

Combined efficiency of C and D = E + 1.4E = 2.4E

Since C and D together can complete the work in 40 days:

Work done by C and D together in 1 day = 1/40

2.4E = 1/40

⇒ E = 1 / (2.4 × 40)

⇒ E = 1 / 96

Efficiency of C = 1.4E = 1.4 / 96

Efficiency of C = 7 / 480

Time taken by C to complete the work alone = 1 / Efficiency of C

Time taken by C = 480 / 7

C alone can complete the work in 480/7 days.

Given:

63 percent of v = 36 percent of 238

Formula Used:

Percentage formula: a% × b = (a)/(100) × b

Calculation:

63% × v = 36% × 238

$\frac{63}{100} \times v = \frac{36}{100} \times 238$

⇒ 63v = 36 × 238

⇒ v = $\frac{36 \times 238}{63}$

⇒ v = $\frac{8568}{63}$

⇒ v = 136

The value of v is 136.

Given:

$\frac{512}{8}\times\left(\frac{2401}{49}-\frac{88}{11}\right)+\frac{2197}{169}$

Formula used:

Perform simplifications for fractions and arithmetic operations.

Calculations:

$\frac{512}{8} = 64$

$\frac{2401}{49} = 49$

$\frac{88}{11} = 8$

⇒ $\left(49 - 8\right) = 41$

⇒ $64 \times 41 = 2624$

$\frac{2197}{169} = 13$

⇒ $\left(2624 + 13\right) = 2637$

∴ The value is 2637.

Given:

Cost of manufacture of a tape recorder = ₹ 3500

Marked price = 30% above the cost price

Profit desired = 5%

Formula Used:

Marked Price = Cost Price + (30% of Cost Price)

Selling Price = Cost Price + (5% of Cost Price)

Discount Percentage = ((Marked Price - Selling Price) / Marked Price) × 100

Calculation:

Marked Price = 3500 + (30% of 3500)

Marked Price = 3500 + (30/100 × 3500)

Marked Price = 3500 + 1050

Marked Price = 4550

Selling Price = 3500 + (5% of 3500)

Selling Price = 3500 + (5/100 × 3500)

Selling Price = 3500 + 175

Selling Price = 3675

Discount = Marked Price - Selling Price

Discount = 4550 - 3675

Discount = 875

Discount Percentage = (Discount / Marked Price) × 100

Discount Percentage = (875 / 4550) × 100

Discount Percentage = 0.1923 × 100

Discount Percentage = 19.23%

The discount percentage is 19.23%.

Given:

The ratio of marked price (MP) and selling price (SP) of an article is 3 ∶ 2.

Formula Used:

Discount Percentage = ( (MP - SP)/(MP) ) × 100%

Calculation:

Let the marked price (MP) = 3x

Let the selling price (SP) = 2x

Discount = MP - SP

Discount = 3x - 2x

Discount = x

Discount Percentage = ( (x)/(3x) ) × 100%

⇒ Discount Percentage = (1/3) × 100%

⇒ Discount Percentage = 33.33%

The discount percentage is 33.33 percent.

Given:

Efficiency of Raj = 80% of Rahul's efficiency

Rahul can make a computer in 20 days

Formula Used:

If efficiency decreases by x%, then time increases by $\frac{100}{100-x}$ %

Calculation:

Efficiency of Raj = 100% - 20% = 80%

Time taken by Rahul = 20 days

Time taken by Raj = $\frac{100}{80}$ × Time taken by Rahul

Time taken by Raj = $\frac{100}{80}$ × 20

Time taken by Raj = $\frac{100\times 20}{80}$

Time taken by Raj = $\frac{2000}{80}$

Time taken by Raj = 25 days

Raj can make the same computer in 25 days.

Given:

Rate of interest (R) = 50% per annum

Time (T) = 2 years

Difference between Compound Interest (CI) and Simple Interest (SI) = Rs. 7200

Formula Used:

Compound Interest for 2 years (annually) = P(1 + R/100)² - P

Simple Interest for 2 years = PRT/100

Difference between CI and SI for 2 years when compounded annually = P(R/100)²

Calculation:

Let the principal amount be P.

Difference between CI and SI = P(R/100)²

Given, Difference = Rs. 7200

R = 50%

Therefore,

7200 = P(50/100)²

⇒ 7200 = P(0.5)²

⇒ 7200 = P × 0.25

⇒ P = 7200 / 0.25

⇒ P = 28800

The sum is Rs. 28800.

Given:

Weight of first type of sugar = 32 kg

Cost of first type of sugar = Rs. 24 per kg

Weight of second type of sugar = 24 kg

Cost of second type of sugar = Rs. 31 per kg

Formula Used:

Cost of the mixture = (Total cost of sugar) / (Total weight of sugar)

Calculation:

Total cost of first type of sugar = 32 × 24

Total cost of first type of sugar = Rs. 768

Total cost of second type of sugar = 24 × 31

Total cost of second type of sugar = Rs. 744

Total cost of the mixture = 768 + 744

Total cost of the mixture = Rs. 1512

Total weight of the mixture = 32 + 24

Total weight of the mixture = 56 kg

Cost of the mixture = 1512 / 56

Cost of the mixture = Rs. 27 per kg

The cost of the mixture is Rs. 27 per kg.

Given:

Distance for each part = 7 km

Speeds = 8 km/hr, 16 km/hr, 24 km/hr, 32 km/hr

Formula Used:

Average speed = Total distance travelled / Total Time

Calculation:

Let each distance be d = 7 km.

Time taken for the first part = 7 / 8 hr

Time taken for the second part = 7 / 16 hr

Time taken for the third part = 7 / 24 hr

Time taken for the fourth part = 7 / 32 hr

Total Distance = 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 28 km

Total Time = (7 / 8) + (7 / 16) + (7 / 24) + (7 / 32)

Total Time = 7(1/8 + 1/16 + 1/24 + 1/32)

(1)/(8) = (4)/(32)

(1)/(16) = (2)/(32)

(1)/(24) = (4)/(96) = (1)/(24)

(1)/(32) = (1)/(32)

⇒ Total Time = 7 ((4)/(32) + (2)/(32) + (4)/(96) + (1)/(32))

⇒ Total Time = 7 ((12)/(96) + (4)/(96) + (3)/(96))

⇒ Total Time = 7 ((19)/(96))

⇒ Total Time = (133)/(48) hr

Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time

Average Speed = 28 / ((133)/(48))

Average Speed = 28 × (48)/(133)

⇒ Average Speed = (1344)/(133) km/hr

⇒ Average Speed = (384)/(25) km/hr

The average speed is 384/25 km/hr.

Given:

Ankit sells a chair at a loss of 25 percent. If he sells it for Rs. 900 more, then he earns a profit of 5 percent. 

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = Cost Price (CP) + Profit

Loss = CP - SP

Profit Percentage = (Profit / CP) × 100

Loss Percentage = (Loss / CP) × 100

Calculation:

Let the Cost Price (CP) of the chair be Rs. x.

Loss of 25% means:

SP₁ = x - 0.25x = 0.75x

When selling for Rs. 900 more, he earns a profit of 5%:

SP₂ = 0.75x + 900 = x + 0.05x = 1.05x

⇒ 0.75x + 900 = 1.05x

⇒ 900 = 1.05x - 0.75x

⇒ 900 = 0.30x

⇒ x = 900 / 0.30

⇒ x = 3000

Now, to find the selling price to earn a profit of 40%:

SP₃ = CP + 40% of CP

SP₃ = 3000 + 0.40 × 3000

SP₃ = 3000 + 1200

SP₃ = 4200

The selling price of the chair to earn a profit of 40% is Rs. 4200.

Given:

The sum of two quantities = 6 times their difference.

Formula Used:

Let the two quantities be a and b where a > b.

According to the given condition:

a + b = 6(a - b)

Calculation:

Given:

a + b = 6(a - b)

First, simplify the equation:

⇒ a + b = 6a - 6b

Combine like terms:

⇒ a + b - 6a + 6b = 0

⇒ -5a + 7b = 0

⇒ 7b = 5a

Divide both sides by a and b:

⇒ (a)/(b) = (7)/(5)

Therefore, the ratio of the two quantities is:

7 ∶ 5

The correct answer is option 1.

Given:

$\left(\frac{133}{7}+\frac{91}{13}-\frac{216}{36}\right) + \left(\frac{209}{11}-\frac{96}{16}+\frac{45}{5}\right)$

Formula used:

Simplifying fractions and performing arithmetic operations.

Calculations:

$\frac{133}{7} = 19$

$\frac{91}{13} = 7$

$\frac{216}{36} = 6$

⇒ $\left(19 + 7 - 6\right) = 20$

$\frac{209}{11} = 19$

$\frac{96}{16} = 6$

$\frac{45}{5} = 9$

⇒ $\left(19 - 6 + 9\right) = 22$

⇒ $\left(20 + 22\right) = 42$

∴ The value is 42.

Shortcut Trick

Product of numbers = 4107 and HCF = 37.

Product of the co-prime ratio parts = Product ÷ HCF².

Ratio Product = 4107 ÷ (37 × 37) = 4107 ÷ 1369 = 3.

The co-prime factors of 3 are (1, 3).

Greater number = HCF × Larger ratio part = 37 × 3 = 111.

∴ The correct answer is 111.

Alternate Method

Given: Product of two numbers = 4107, HCF = 37.

Formula: If HCF is H, let the numbers be Hx and Hy, where x and y are co-prime.

⇒ Let the numbers be 37x and 37y.

⇒ 37x × 37y = 4107

⇒ 1369 × xy = 4107

⇒ xy = 4107 ÷ 1369

⇒ xy = 3

⇒ Since x and y must be co-prime, the only possible pair is (1, 3).

⇒ The numbers are 37 × 1 = 37 and 37 × 3 = 111.

⇒ Comparing 37 and 111, the greater number is 111.

∴ The correct answer is 111.

Additional Information

Product Property of HCF and LCM

For any two numbers, Product of numbers = HCF × LCM.

LCM in terms of HCF

If HCF is H and numbers are in ratio a:b, then LCM = H × a × b, where a and b are co-prime.

HCF Definition

HCF (Highest Common Factor) is the largest positive integer that divides each of the integers without a remainder.

Given:

Four numbers are in the ratio of 7 ∶ 8 ∶ 9 ∶ 10.

Sum of these numbers is 68.

Formula Used:

Sum of numbers in ratio = k(7 + 8 + 9 + 10)

Sum of first and fourth number = k(7 + 10)

Calculation:

Let the numbers be 7k, 8k, 9k, and 10k.

Sum of these numbers = 7k + 8k + 9k + 10k

Sum of these numbers = 34k

Given sum = 68

⇒ 34k = 68

⇒ k = 68 / 34

⇒ k = 2

Sum of the first and fourth number = 7k + 10k

Sum of the first and fourth number = 7(2) + 10(2)

Sum of the first and fourth number = 14 + 20

Sum of the first and fourth number = 34

The sum of the first and fourth number is 34.

Given:

Price increase = 40%

Expenditure decrease = 10%

Formula Used:

Let the original price of papaya be P and the original consumption be C.

New price = P × 1.40

New expenditure = P × 1.40 × C_new

We want the new expenditure to be 10% less than the original expenditure, so:

P × 1.40 × C_new = P × 0.90

Calculation:

⇒ 1.40 × C_new = 0.90

⇒ C_new = (0.90) / (1.40)

⇒ C_new = (9) / (14)

Percentage decrease in consumption = (1 - $\frac{C_{new}}{C}$) × 100

⇒ (1 - $\frac{9}{14}$) × 100

⇒ $\frac{14 - 9}{14}$ × 100

⇒ $\frac{5}{14}$ × 100

⇒ 35.7%

Therefore, the consumption of papaya should be decreased by 35.7%.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "junctur" is incorrectly spelt. The correct spelling is "juncture".
• English meaning: A particular point in events or time. (समय का विशेष बिंदु)
• Example: At this critical juncture, we cannot afford to make any mistakes.
• "Juncture" (Correct spelling) refers to a particular point in events or time. (समय का विशेष बिंदु)
• Example: At this critical juncture, we need to stay calm and focused.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. junctur.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Question (प्रश्न): A sentence or phrase used to find out information.
• Example: She raised her hand to ask a question.
• Burning (जलता हुआ): Extremely hot or on fire; also used metaphorically to describe something very intense or urgent.
• Example: He has a burning desire to succeed.
• Fields (क्षेत्र): Areas of open land or domains of study or activity.
• Example: The researchers came from various fields of science.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the use of the article "a" before the superlative adjective "best."
• Superlative adjectives (best, tallest, etc.) should be preceded by the definite article "the."
• The correct phrase should be "Hina is the best girl," ensuring grammatical correctness and clarity.
• Thus, the error is located in part 3 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct Sentence: Hina is the best girl and knows how to manage everything.

Additional Information

• Part 1: "to manage everything" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• Part 2: "No error" – This would be the correct option if there were no mistakes in the sentence, but there is an error in part 3.
• Part 4: "and knows how" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "Fascinate" means to attract and hold the attention of someone by being interesting, charming, or pleasing. (मोहित करना)
• Example: The magician's tricks never fail to fascinate the audience.
• "Entice" refers to attracting someone, usually by offering something appealing or advantageous. (लुभाना)
• Example: The aroma of freshly baked bread is sure to entice anyone walking past the bakery.
• Hence, we can infer that "entice" is synonymous with "fascinate".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Impel (प्रेरित करना): To drive or urge someone to do something.
• Example: His strong sense of duty impels him to work hard every day.
• Insure (बीमा करना): To secure or protect someone or something against a possible contingency.
• Example: It's important to insure your property against natural disasters.
• Inspire (प्रेरणा देना): To fill someone with the urge or ability to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.
• Example: The teacher's encouragement inspired the students to pursue their dreams.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "authentic" means something that is genuine, real, and trustworthy; it is based on facts and reality. (प्रामाणिक)
• Example: She provided authentic documents to prove her identity.
• "Corrupt" refers to something that is morally degenerate, dishonest, or tainted. It usually implies a deviation from integrity and purity. (भ्रष्ट)
• Example: The official was dismissed due to his corrupt practices.

Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'authentic' is 'corrupt'.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Accurate (सटीक): Free from errors or mistakes; precise.
• Example: The scientist provided accurate data in his report.
• Factual (तथ्यात्मक): Based on facts; real and actual.
• Example: His argument was supported by factual evidence.
• Pure (शुद्ध): Free from contamination or impurities; clean.
• Example: The mountain air is pure and refreshing.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "ubiquitous" means something that is present, appearing, or found everywhere. (सर्वत्र विद्यमान)
• Example: Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society.
• "Pervasive" refers to something that spreads widely throughout an area or a group of people. (व्यापक)
• Example: Social media has a pervasive influence on today's youth.
• Hence, we can infer that the word 'pervasive' suitably replaces 'ubiquitous' without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Scarce (अप्राप्य): Something that is in short supply or insufficient.
• Example: Freshwater is becoming scarce in many parts of the world.
• Limited (सीमित): Something that is restricted in size, amount, or extent.
• Example: The tickets for the concert were very limited and sold out quickly.
• Elusive (दुर्लभ): Something that is difficult to find, catch, or achieve.
• Example: The elusive thief managed to escape the police once again.

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

• The word "plea" means a request made in an urgent and emotional manner. (विनती)
• Example: She made a passionate plea for help during the crisis.
• "Answer" refers to a response or a solution to a question or problem. (उत्तर)
• Example: He provided a clear answer to the complex question.

Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'plea' is 'answer'.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Appeal (अपील): An earnest or urgent request.
• Example: The charity made an appeal for donations to help the flood victims.
• Suit (मुकदमा): A set of clothes or an action to bring someone to court.
• Example: He wore a sharp suit to the business meeting.
• Pure (शुद्ध): Something that is not mixed with anything else.
• Example: She prefers pure gold jewelry for its quality and value.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "circle" refers to a round shape or a group of people with shared interests. (वृत्त)
• Example: We sat in a circle and discussed our plans for the weekend.
• "round" refers to a shape that is circular or it can also mean a series of events or activities. In the context of discussions, it implies an open and equal participation format. (गोल)
• Example: A round table discussion was organized to address the community issues.

Hence, we can infer that the correct word to complete the sentence is 'round'.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Circle (वृत्त): A round shape or a group of people with shared interests.
• Example: She drew a perfect circle on the board.
• Centre (केंद्र): The middle point of a circle or an important area of focus.
• Example: The city center is always bustling with activity.
• Rounded (गोलाकार): Having a smooth, curved surface.
• Example: The edges of the table were rounded for safety.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The idiom "barking up the wrong tree" means:
• Pursuing the wrong course of action or making a mistaken assumption (गलत दिशा में प्रयास करना या गलत धारणा बनाना)
• Example: If you think John will help you, you're barking up the wrong tree; he has never been reliable.
• Explanation: The idiom suggests that a person is directing their efforts towards the wrong goal or making an incorrect assumption. (यह मुहावरा बताता है कि कोई व्यक्ति गलत लक्ष्य की ओर अपने प्रयासों को निर्देशित कर रहा है या गलत धारणा बना रहा है।)
• Example: She kept asking her brother for advice on her career, but she was barking up the wrong tree; he had no experience in her field.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: Something good that isn't recognized at first (पहले नहीं पहचाना गया कुछ अच्छा)
• Example: The new employee was like a diamond in the rough; her talents weren't recognized at first.
• Option 2: Being upset for something that happened in the past (भूतकाल में हुई किसी बात के लिए परेशान होना)
• Example: He couldn't move on with his life because he was still upset about things that happened years ago.
• Option 3: Having something that is certain is much better than taking a risk for more, because chances are you might lose everything (कुछ निश्चित होना और अधिक के लिए जोखिम लेने से बेहतर है, क्योंकि संभावना है कि आप सब कुछ खो सकते हैं)
• Example: He decided to accept the job offer rather than wait for a better one, as he believed a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the incorrect use of the phrase "had have changed."
• The correct verb form should be "have changed."
• "Had have" is grammatically incorrect and redundant.
• Thus, the error is located in part 1 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct Sentence: The circumstances surrounding many custody disputes have changed drastically in the past week.

Additional Information

• Part 2: "The circumstances surrounding many" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• Part 3: "drastically in the past week." – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• Part 4: "No error" – This would be the correct option if there were no mistakes in the sentence, but there is an error in part 1.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "listens" means to give one's attention to a sound or to take notice of and act on what someone says. (सुनता है)
• Example: She listens carefully to her teacher's instructions.
• "listens" is the third person singular form of the verb "listen," which is required here to match the subject "My best friend." (सुनता है)
• Example: He listens to music every evening.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Listening (सुनना): The gerund or present participle form of "listen."
• Example: Listening to music can be very relaxing.
• Listen (सुनो): The base form of the verb "listen."
• Example: Please listen to what I am saying.
• Listener (श्रोता): A person who listens.
• Example: He is a good listener and always pays attention to others.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "grately" is incorrectly spelt; the correct spelling is "greatly."
• "Greatly" means to a great extent; very much. (बहुत अधिक)
• • Example: She was greatly relieved to hear the good news.
• The word "strengthend" is also incorrectly spelt; the correct spelling is "strengthened."
• "Strengthened" means to make or become stronger. (मजबूत किया)
• • Example: The new evidence strengthened their case significantly.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: "His life had reduced itself to the functions of weaving and hoarding, without any contemplation of an end toward which the functions tended." – This sentence is correctly spelt. (इस वाक्य में सभी शब्द सही तरीके से लिखे गए हैं।)
• Option 2: "When Abe's car pulled up ahead of them the east was crayoned red and yellow, promising a sultry day." – This sentence is correctly spelt. (इस वाक्य में सभी शब्द सही तरीके से लिखे गए हैं।)
• Option 3: "I knew he would take an interest in this kind of business, and throw in the fancy touches." – This sentence is correctly spelt. (इस वाक्य में सभी शब्द सही तरीके से लिखे गए हैं।)

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "involved" means to include or be a part of something or someone. (शामिल होना)
• Example: He was deeply involved in the community project.
• involved refers to being a part of an activity or situation, often in a way that means taking responsibility or being engaged. (शामिल होना)
• Example: The project involved many experts from different fields.
• Hence, in the given context, the waste and extravagance were something he realized he was part of or included in.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Hooked (आसक्त): Captivated or addicted to something.
• Example: She got hooked on the new TV series and watched all the episodes in one day.
• Participated (भाग लिया): Took part in an activity or event.
• Example: He participated in the marathon last Sunday.
• Caught (पकड़ा): Captured or taken hold of something.
• Example: He caught the ball just before it hit the ground.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the use of the past tense "noticed" after "didn't."
• In English, after the auxiliary verb "didn't," the main verb should be in its base form, "notice."
• The correct phrase should be "didn't notice," ensuring grammatical correctness and clarity.
• Thus, the error is located in part 2 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: The team didn't notice any side effects in their vaccinated mice.

Additional Information

• Part 1: "No error" – This would be the correct option if there were no mistakes in the sentence, but there is an error in part 2.
• Part 3: "any side effects" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• Part 4: "in their vaccinated mice." – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "All ears" means listening very attentively. (पूरी तरह से सुनना)
• Example: Whenever the teacher talks about space exploration, the students are all ears.
• "Full attention" refers to focusing completely on something or someone. (पूरा ध्यान)
• Example: During the meeting, she gave her full attention to the speaker.
• Hence, we can infer that the phrase "all ears" can be used to describe someone who is listening with full attention.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Beat around the bush (घुमा फिरा कर बात करना): To avoid getting to the point or the main topic.
• Example: Stop beating around the bush and tell me what you want.
• Run out of steam (थक जाना): To lose energy or enthusiasm.
• Example: After working non-stop for hours, I ran out of steam and needed a break.
• Break a leg (शुभकामनाएँ): A way to wish someone good luck, especially before a performance.
• Example: Before the play began, everyone told the actors to break a leg.

The correct answer is: Option 3..

Key Points

• The word "cords" refers to long, thin, flexible strings or ropes made from several twisted strands. (रस्सियाँ)
• Example: The tent was secured with strong cords to withstand the wind.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Cored (बीज निकालना): Refers to removing the central part of something, especially fruits.
• Example: She cored the apples before making the pie.
• Chords (संगीत के स्वरों का समूह): A group of notes sounded together, as a basis of harmony in music.
• Example: He strummed a few chords on his guitar.
• Core (मुख्य भाग): The central or most important part of something.
• Example: The core of the issue is the lack of communication.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "highly" emphasizes the degree to which spyware attacks are malicious and disruptive.
• "Highly" is used to describe something that is very intense or severe.
• The other options: "mainly" (primarily), "largely" (mostly), and "usually" (normally) do not convey the same level of intensity.

Complete Sentence: Since so much of our lives are digital today, such spyware attacks are highly malicious and disruptive.

Additional Information

• Mainly means primarily or chiefly.
• Largely means mostly or for the most part.
• Usually means commonly or under normal conditions.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The word "great" indicates a significant or considerable need for strong data protection and privacy architectures.
• "Great" is often used to describe something of large magnitude or importance.
• The other options: "highly" (an adverb that wouldn't fit here), "largely" (mostly), and "big" (informal and less impactful) are not as suitable in this context.

Complete Sentence: This is precisely why there is a great need for strong data protection and privacy architectures across the world.

Additional Information

• Highly: An adverb indicating a high degree, unsuitable for this context as it does not fit grammatically.
• Largely: Means mostly or for the most part, which is not as strong in context.
• Big: Informal and less precise compared to "great" in indicating significance.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "need" is the appropriate form as it is a verb that fits grammatically in the sentence.
• The sentence structure requires a base verb, making "need" the correct choice over "needs," "wants," or "want."
• The word "need" here indicates that data protection and privacy are essential to be recognized as core, non-negotiable values.

Complete Sentence: In fact, data protection and privacy need to be recognised as core, non-negotiable values.

Additional Information

• Needs: Third person singular present form, which does not fit here.
• Wants: Third person singular present form, which does not fit here.
• Want: Similar to "needs," it does not correctly express the necessity in this context.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "yet" is used to introduce a contrast or a contradiction to the preceding statement.
• In the given context, "yet" highlights that despite the recognition of privacy as a fundamental right, the government's personal data protection bill is still lacking in some aspects.
• The other options: "So" (indicating consequence), "Such" (used for emphasis), and "Through" (indicating movement) do not fit the intended meaning.

Complete Sentence: The Supreme Court in India has recognised privacy as a fundamental right. Yet the government's personal data protection bill introduced in Parliament leaves much to be desired.

Additional Information

• So: Indicates a cause and effect relationship which doesn't fit here as well as "yet."
• Such: Used for emphasis, but doesn't introduce a contradiction effectively.
• Through: Indicates movement or a means of doing something, which doesn’t fit the context of the sentence.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The phrase "a lot" is used to indicate that something is lacking significantly.
• In the given context, "leaves a lot to be desired" means the government's personal data protection bill is considerably inadequate.
• The other options: "might" (indicating possibility), "very" (used as an adverb for emphasis without qualification), and "so" (denoting extent or manner) do not convey the intended meaning effectively.

Complete Sentence: The Supreme Court in India has recognised privacy as a fundamental right. Yet the government's personal data protection bill introduced in Parliament leaves a lot to be desired.

Additional Information

• A lot: Indicates a significant amount and fits the context of something being considerably lacking.
• Might: Indicates possibility, but does not fit the context here.
• Very: Used as an adverb for emphasis, but does not indicate the extent of inadequacy.
• So: Used to denote extent or manner, but does not fit the context of inadequacy properly.

'अँगारे बरसना' मुहावरे का सही अर्थ वाला विकल्प है - अत्यधिक गर्मी पड़ना

Key Points

• 'अँगारे बरसना' का अर्थ - कैद करना, वाक्य प्रयोग - आज बाहर जाकर देखा तो पता चला की "अंगारे बरस रहे है"।
• मुहावरा - ऐसे वाक्यांश, जो सामान्य अर्थ का बोध न कराकर किसी विलक्षण अर्थ को प्रकट करते है, उसे मुहावरा कहते है।
• उदाहरण के लिए - चूहे-बिल्ली का बैर - स्वाभाविक विरोध ।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - राम और मोहन में तो "चूहे-बिल्ली का बैर है"। दोनों भाई हर समय झगड़ते रहते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information

कोष्ठक में दिए गए शब्द के पर्यायवाची शब्द का सही विकल्प है - मेख

Key Points

• वाक्य - आज भी गाँवों में लोगों के घरों में (खूँटी) मेख बनी हुई दिखाई देती है।
• 'खूँटी' का पर्यायवाची शब्द 'मेख' है।
• 'पत्थर' के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द - टंगनी, कील।
• पर्यायवाची - जो शब्द समान अर्थ के कारण किसी दूसरे शब्द की जगह ले लेते हैं, उन्हें पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Informationकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द:-

'गजानन' शब्द का पर्यायवाची होगा - गणेश

Key Points

• 'गजानन' का पर्यायवाची शब्द 'गणेश' है।
• 'गजानन' के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द - विघ्नहर्ता, विनायक, गणपति, गणनायक, गणराज, एकदंत, लम्बोदर।
• पर्यायवाची - जो शब्द समान अर्थ के कारण किसी दूसरे शब्द की जगह ले लेते हैं, उन्हें पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द:-

वाक्य में त्रुटि है - में सबसे

Key Points

• अशुद्ध वाक्य - मुझे बताओ कि विश्वनाथ और आनंद में सबसे तेज कौन है?
• दिए गये वाक्य में विशेषण प्रयोग की त्रुटि है,
• ​यहाँ 'में सबसे' सार्थक शब्द नहीं है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नहीं हो रहा।
• ​अत: सार्थक शब्द 'में से' होना चाहिए।
• शुद्ध वाक्य - मुझे बताओ कि विश्वनाथ और आनंद में से तेज कौन है?

Additional Information विशेषण संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ -

वाक्य में रेखांकित शब्द के लिए सही वर्तनी होगा - अवश्य

Key Points

• अशुद्ध वाक्य - वह आपकी बात आवश्य सुनेंगे।
• दिए गये वाक्य में वर्तनी प्रयोग की त्रुटि है,
• ​यहाँ 'आवश्य' सार्थक शब्द नहीं है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नहीं हो रहा।
• ​अत: सार्थक शब्द 'अवश्य' होना चाहिए।
• शुद्ध वाक्य - वह आपकी बात अवश्य सुनेंगे।
• ('अवश्य' का अर्थ- जरूर, अनिवार्य।)

Important Points 

• वाक्य में लिंग, वचन, पुरुष, काल, कारक आदि का क्रिया के साथ ठीक ठीक मेल हो, उसे शुद्ध वाक्य कहते है।
• वर्तनी - किसी शब्द में आये हुए अक्षरों को मात्राओं सहित कहने या लिखने की रीति को वर्तनी कहते हैं।

Additional Information वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ -