SSC GD Constable (2022) Official Paper (Held On : 17 Jan 2023 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

As per the given figure:

In the given dice position, the alphabet H and I are common, which means K is opposite to L.

Here, alphabet L is opposite to the K.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Here, we use the table given below:

Given:

FZ, GA, JZ, OA,?

Logic: Addition of consecutive odd numbers in the first letter and addition of (1) and subtraction of (1) alternatively in the second letter.

Here, 'VZ' is the next term.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Given:

(40, 10, 150)

(65, 35, 150)

Logic:

Third no. = [(First no. - Second no.) × 5]

(40, 10, 150)→

⇒ [(40 - 10) × 5]

⇒ (30 × 5) = 150

(65, 35, 150)→

⇒ [(65 - 35) × 5]

⇒ (30 × 5) = 150

Checking all the given options:

1. (75, 40, 225)→

⇒ [(75 - 40) × 5]

⇒ (35 × 5) = 175

2. (30, 12, 120)→

⇒ [(30 - 12) × 5]

⇒ (18 × 5) = 90

3. (55, 10, 225)→

⇒ [(55 - 10) × 5]

⇒ (45 × 5) = 225

4. (70, 30, 270)→

⇒ [(70 - 30) × 5]

⇒ (40 × 5) = 200

Here, (55, 10, 225) shows a similar relation to the given set of numbers.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The mirror image of the given figure is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

As per the given figure series:

From Figure (1) to (2):

The symbol (+) moves in the shown direction and changes into (×), the arrow sign decreases by (1) and the bottom logo increases by (1).

From Figure (2) to (3):

The symbol (×) moves in the shown direction and changes into (+), the arrow sign decreases by (1) and the bottom logo increases by (1).

From Figure (3) to (4):

The symbol (+) moves in the shown direction and changes into (×), the arrow sign decreases by (1) and the bottom logo increases by (1).

From Figure (4) to Answer figure:

The symbol (×) moves in the shown direction and changes into (+), the arrow sign decreases by (1) and the bottom logo increases by (1).

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The embedded part of this image is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Here, we use the table given below:

Logic: 'Addition of the positional values of the letters'

ZERO is coded as 64 →

FIVE is coded as 42 →

Similarly, 'ELEVEN' will be coded as:

Here, 'ELEVEN' is coded as 63.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Here, we use the BODMAS table:

Given:

⇒ 76 P 42 S 6 Q 22 P (8 R 15)

As per the given data:

After interchanging the alphabet with signs:

⇒ 76 + 42 ÷ 6 - 22 + (8 × 15)

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 76 + 42 ÷ 6 - 22 + 120

⇒ 76 + 7 - 22 + 120

⇒ 203 - 22 = 181

Here, the value of the equation is '181'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Given:

11, 33, 66, 110, 165, ?, ?

Logic: 'Addition of consecutive multiple of 11 from 22'

Here, the next two terms are 231 and 308.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Here, we use the table given below:

Logic: 'Addition of the given alphabet and the changed alphabet's position values is 25'

BOTH : WJEQ →

FACE : SXVT →

Similarly, for 'KING : ?' →

Here, 'KING : NPKR' is the correct pair.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Given:

56000, 14000, 2800, ?, 140, 35, 7

Logic: 'Divided by 4 and 5 alternatively'

Here, the missing number is 700.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Statements:

All bottles are cups.

All cups are plates.

Some plates are tables.

The Venn diagram as per the given statements:

Conclusions:

I. Some cups are bottles. → follow (All bottles are cups, which means some cups are bottles is definitely true)

II. Some plates are cups. → follow (All bottles are cups and All cups are plates, which means some plates are cups is definitely true)

III. Some tables are plates. → follow (Some plates are tables means some tables are plates is definitely true)

Hence, the correct answer is "All conclusions follow".

Here, we use the BODMAS table given below:

Given:

⇒ 42 + 14 ÷ 28 × 98 - 14 = 105

(1) ÷ and -

⇒ 42 + 14 ÷ 28 × 98 - 14 = 105

After changing the signs:

⇒ 42 + 14 - 28 × 98 ÷ 14

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 42 + 14 - 28 × 7

⇒ 42 + 14 - 196

⇒ (-140)

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

(2) - and +

⇒ 42 + 14 ÷ 28 × 98 - 14 = 105

After changing the signs:

⇒ 42 - 14 ÷ 28 × 98 + 14

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 42 - 0.5 × 98 + 14

⇒ 42 - 49 + 14

⇒ 56 - 49 = 7

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

(3) × and ÷

⇒ 42 + 14 ÷ 28 × 98 - 14 = 105

After changing the signs:

⇒ 42 + 14 × 28 ÷ 98 - 14

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 42 + 14 × 0.2857 - 14

⇒ 42 + 4 - 14

⇒ 46 - 14 = 32

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

(4) + and ×

⇒ 42 + 14 ÷ 28 × 98 - 14 = 105

After changing the signs:

⇒ 42 × 14 ÷ 28 + 98 - 14

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 42 × 0.5 + 98 - 14

⇒ 21 + 98 - 14

⇒ 119 - 14 = 105

⇒ '42 × 14 ÷ 28 + 98 - 14 = 105'

Here, the equation is satisfied.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The correct order of the given words as they would appear in the English dictionary is:

3. stamp
4. sticker
5. straight
6. streaming
7. strict

The correct order is '3, 4, 1, 5, 2'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The sitting arrangement as per the given information:

1. G sits third to the left of D and E is third to the left of G.

2. H sits to the immediate right of D and B is second to the right of E.

3. F is an immediate neighbour of E and F is third to the left of C.

Here, A is sitting on the immediate left of D.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Given:

Rat : Rodent → Rat comes in the category of rodent.

Similarly,

Crocodile : Reptile → Crocodile comes in the category of reptiles.

Here, 'Crocodile : reptile' is the correct pair.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Logic: 'First, third fourth and sixth letters are diagonally rearranged'

 ADVICE is written as VDAECI →

BELONG is written as LEBGNO →

Similarly, BETTER will be written as:

Here, BETTER is written as 'TEBRET'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Preparing the family tree diagram using the following symbols:

As per the given data:

 

 

 

 

 

Given expression: 'P - J + D ÷ S'

P is the daughter of J, J is the sister of D and D is the son of S.

Here, J is the daughter of S.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The sitting arrangement as per the given information:

1. Aman sits third to the left of Biplab.

2. Chirantan is an immediate neighbour of Aman.

Case 1:

Case 2:

3. Elizabeth sits second to the right of Divya and Chirantan is not an immediate neighbour of Divya.

4. The remaining person Firoz is sitting to the left of Divya.

Here, 'Chirantan and Elizabeth sit between Aman and Biplab from the left of Aman.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Here, we use the table given below:

Given:

GPQU, FQRT, ?, DSTR, CTUQ

Logic: Subtracted (1) from the first and fourth letters and addition of (1) in the second and third letters.

Here, 'ERSS' is the missing term.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• The Nauchandi Fair is held in Meerut Uttar Pradesh after a few days of the Holi festival.
• It is an annual Fair held at Nauchandi ground of Meerut.
• During this Fair Hindu devotees worship ‘Nauchandi Devi’ and pay tribute to the great saint ‘Syed Salar’.
• It is organized by the Municipal Corporation of Meerut.
• The Nauchandi Express train is named after this Fair. It runs between Meerut and Lucknow.

Additional Information

The correct answer is V Anantha Nageswaran.

Key Points

• V Anantha Nageswaran
• A renowned economist with a focus on academia is Dr. Venkatraman Anantha Nageswaran.
• In 1985, Nageswaran earned a post-graduate diploma in management (MBA) from the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad.
• He later earned a doctorate in 1994 for his research on the empirical behaviour of exchange rates from the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
• Between 1994 and 2011, he held a number of executive positions in macroeconomic and capital market research for several private wealth management companies in Switzerland and Singapore.
• The Indian government has appointer Dr. Venkatraman Anantha Nageswaran as its Chief Economic Adviser (CEA) in January 2022.

Additional Information

• Chief Economic Advisor (CEA) of India
• A position in the Indian government known as the Chief Economic Adviser (CEA) is equivalent to that of a secretary in that government.
• The Indian Economic Service's ex-officio cadre controlling authority is the CEA.
• The CEA is the director of the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
• The CEA job was a Union Public Service Commission appointment until 2009, and up until the 1970s, the majority of CEAs were employees of the Indian Economic Service.
• The Economic Survey, which presents the government's annual economic performance and recommendations for potential reforms, is the key role played by the CEA.

The correct answer is P. V. Narsimha Rao.

Key Points 

• Eighth Five Year Plan covers the time span between (1992-1997).
• The basic objective of the 8^th Five-Year Plan was human development in various aspects.
• Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalisation (LPG) were introduced in India to grapple with the problem of the economy under Prime Minister P.V Narasimha Rao.
• The Eighth Plan promoted the modernisation of Industries. India became a member of the World Trade Organisation on 1 January 1995.
• The major objective of the Eighth Five-Year Plan

1. Creation of employment, check population growth, and overall human development.
2. Primary health facilities, Drinking water & Vaccination in all villages.
3. Growth and development of agricultural activities.
4. Strengthen the basic infrastructures.
5. It was a transition plan between a centrally planned economy and a market-led economy.

Additional Information

• The plan outlay was Rs 7,98,100 Crores.
• The total outlay for the public sector was Rs 4,34,100 Crores.
• Target Income Growth was 3.8% (Achieved Growth - 4.4%)
• Inflation was 16.3%
• The Fiscal Deficit was 8.3%

The correct answer is Uday Umesh Lalit.

In News

• President Droupadi Murmu has appointed Justice Uday Umesh Lalit as the 49^th Chief Justice of India (CJI).
• He will succeed Justice N V Ramana, who will retire on 26 August 2022.
• Justice Lalit was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court in 2014.
• He will become the second CJI to be directly elevated to the Supreme Court from the Bar, after Justice S.M. Sikri, who served as the 13^th CJI in 1971.

Additional Information 

• Supreme Court:
• ​The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial court and the final court of appeal under the Constitution of India.
• It is also the highest constitutional court, with the power of judicial review.
• India is a federal State and has a single and unified judicial system with a three-tier structure.
• The Indian constitution provides for a provision of the Supreme Court under Part V (The Union) and Chapter 6 (The Union Judiciary).
• Articles 124 to 147 in Part V of the Constitution deal with the organisation, independence, jurisdiction, powers and procedures of the Supreme Court.
• The promulgation of Regulating Act of 1773 established the Supreme Court of Judicature at Calcutta as a Court of Record, with full power & authority.
• It was established to hear and determine all complaints for any crimes and also to entertain, hear and determine any suits or actions in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
• The Supreme Courts at Madras and Bombay were established by King George – III in 1800 and 1823 respectively.
• In Oct 2022 D Y Chandrachud has been Appointed as the 50^th Chief Justice Of India.

The correct answer is Sattriya.

Key Points

• Jatin Goswami
• A well-known veteran classical dancer from Assam is Jatin Goswami.
• In 1933, Jatin Goswami was born in Dergaon, Upper Assam.
• Jatin Goswami began his first lesson of Satriya dance at home with the help of his father.
• Later, he received expert gurus' instruction in dance and music on the Vaishnava Satras.
• In order to advance and expand the Satriya dancing style, he also founded a dance group.
• In 1962, the Kalaguru Bishnu Prasad Rabha and Roseswar Saikia Borbayan collaborated to form the dancing group known as Pragati Kala Parishad.
• Jatin Goswami has received numerous recommendations and titles.
• During the Khajuraho Dance Festival, Jatin Goswami was given the National Kalidas Samman, Madhya Pradesh's most prestigious cultural award, for 2017.

Additional Information 

• Satriya Nritya is the classical dance form of Assam which represents the Satriya culture, the basis of the religious and cultural fabric of Assam.
• It is a dance-drama performance art with origins in the Krishna-centered Vaishnavism monasteries of Assam and attributed to the 15^th-century Bhakti movement scholar and saint Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardev.
• Dance historian Dr. Sunil Kothari has recently been bestowed with the Madhabdev Award by the Government of Assam for popularising Sattriya dance.
• Sattriya was given the status of classical dance in the year 2000 by the Sangeet Natak Akademi

The correct answer is agriculture.

Key Points

• The development of Agriculture was the motto of the first Five Year Plan in India.
• Agriculture Focus:
• ​The first Five Year Plan (1951-1956) was developed with a focus on improving India's agricultural sector.
• It aimed to increase food production and reduce dependency on agricultural imports.
• Investment:
• ​The plan put a significant portion of the total investment towards agriculture and irrigation projects.
• Community Development Program:
• ​The first Five Year Plan introduced the community development program in 1952, which aimed to bring about social and economic transformation in rural areas.
• Land Reforms:
• The plan encouraged various land reforms, including the abolition of intermediaries (like Zamindars), tenancy legislation, and the organization of cooperative farming.
• Improving Infrastructure:
• ​The plan also allocated funds to improve agricultural infrastructure and other related industries to help provide the necessary tools and resources for agricultural growth.

Additional Information

• Five-year plans :​

The correct answer is Silver.

Key Points

• The metal with the highest electrical conductivity among the options given is Silver.
• Here are a few points explaining this:
• Conductivity:
• ​Silver has the highest electrical conductivity of all elements.
• It's used in many industrial applications because of this property.
• Resistance to Corrosion:
• ​Despite being highly conductive, silver isn't always the first choice for an electrical conductor in practical applications because it tarnishes and corrodes more easily than some other metals.
• Cost:
• ​Silver is more expensive than many other materials.
• Copper, while not as conductive, is used more frequently because it's less expensive.
• Heat Sensitivity:
• ​Silver's conductivity decreases as it gets hotter, so it's not ideal for high-temperature applications.
• Malleability and Ductility:
• ​Silver is malleable and ductile, making it easier to draw into wires for electrical applications.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Naomi Osaka.

Key Points

• Naomi Osaka, the Japanese professional tennis player, was given the honour of lighting the Olympic cauldron during the opening ceremony of the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics, which were delayed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
• This significant event marks the official start of the Games.
• Naomi Osaka, at the time, was one of the most notable athletes in the world.
• The Olympic cauldron symbolizes the official start of the Olympic Games.
• The tradition of lighting the cauldron comes from the ancient Greek Olympic Games, where a flame was kept burning throughout the duration of the event.

Additional Information 

• Summer Olympic Games 2021:
• The Olympics took place in Tokyo.
• The cauldron was held by Naomi Osaka.
• Its mascots were Miraitowa (official mascot of the 2020 Summer Olympics) and Someity (the official mascot of the 2020 Summer Paralympics).
• The United States topped the medal tally of Summer Olympics 2021 with 39 golds.
• The People's Republic of China stood in second place with a total of 38 gold medals.
• And Japan was third with a total of 27.
• India's rank in the summer Olympic 2021 was 48^th.
• Olympics:
• Athens was the venue for the first Olympics which was held in 1896.
• Since then Games are held every four years.
• The Olympic flag was created in 1913 at the suggestion of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.
• In the Amsterdam Games in 1928, an Olympic flame was ceremonially lighted and burned in a giant torch at the entrance of the stadium.
• The Olympic motto is “Citius Altius Fortius” (faster, higher, stronger).

The correct answer is October 2, 2014.

Key Points 

• Swachh Bharat Mission:
• To accelerate the efforts to achieve Universal Sanitation Coverage and to put the focus on sanitation.
• Swachh Bharat Mission was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 2 October 2014.
• Initiated by the Government of India, the mission aimed to achieve an "open-defecation-free" (ODF) India by 2 October 2019.
• The 150^th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi through the construction of toilets.
• An estimated 89.9 million toilets were built in the period.
• Image result for Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) launched in 2014, aim at Open Defecation Free India by 2^nd Oct 2019. Hence the correct answer is option 4.
• The mission aims to achieve universal sanitation coverage and to encourage hygienic sanitation practice.
• The scheme is also known as the “Clean India Mission”.
• The project was launched as a tribute to Mahatma Gandhi.

The correct answer is 35 years.

Key Points

• The President of India is the first citizen of India and the executive head of the state.
• He/She is elected by the electoral college consisting of the elected members of both the houses of parliament and that of the state legislative assemblies.
• A person should
• be a citizen of India;
• be of 35 years of age, and
• must not hold the office of profit to be elected as the President of India.
• The term of the President is 5 years but there is no upper limit on the times a person can become President.

Additional Information

• Article 52: The office of the President of India.
• Article 53: Executive power of the Union.
• Article 54: Election of the President.
• Article 55: Manner of election of the President.
• Article 56: Term of office of the President.
• Article 57: Eligibility for re-election of the President.
• Article 58: Qualifications for election as President.
• Article 59: Conditions of the President's office.
• Article 60: Oath or affirmation by the President.
• Article 61: Procedure for impeachment of the President.
• Article 71: Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President.

The correct answer is 1889.

Key Points

• Established on 15^th August 1889, Mohun Bagan Athletic Club is one of the oldest clubs in India & Asia.
• It created history in 1911 by becoming the first Indian team to win IFA Shield, an event that has been closely linked with Indian nationalism.
• Mohun Bagan football team has won National League/I-League five times and Federation Cup a record fourteen times.
• The club also has a rich history in other sports like cricket and hockey.

Additional Information

• Football:
• Team members - 11 per side
• Highest governing body - FIFA
• Nicknames
• ​World Game
• The Beautiful Game
• First played Mid-19^th century England

The correct answer is USSR (now Russia).

Key Points In 1976, the 42^nd amendment to the Constitution was passed. Among other things, this amendment inserted a list of Fundamental Duties of Citizens. 

• Fundamental duties come under Part IVA and Article 51A.
• These duties are statutory, and are not enforceable by law but are taken into account by the courts while adjudicating any matter.
• Fundamental Duties in the Constitution are inspired by USSR.
• List of Fundamental Duties of India
• To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
• To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
• To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India;
• To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
• To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
• To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
• To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures;
• To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
• To safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
• To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement;
• Who is a parent or guardian, to provide opportunities for education to his child, or as the case may be, ward between the age of six to fourteen years.

Additional Information

• Japan is the only democratic country, other than India, to have Fundamental duties in its Constitution.
• These duties were incorporated in the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
• Only 8 Fundamental duties were based on the Swaran Singh Committee recommendation while the 42^nd Constitutional Amendment Act added 10 Fundamental duties in the Constitution.
• Later, the 86^th Amendment Act, 2002 was passed that introduced one more fundamental duty in the Constitution. Now there are Eleven Fundamental duties in the Constitution.

The correct answer is Thang Ta.

Key Points

• Thang Ta is an exclusive martial dance from Manipur that includes the unique display of skill, creativity, and agility in which dance performers enact a mock fight sequence.
• Thang Ta is an ancient Manipuri Martial Art developed from the war environment of Manipur & created by the Meitei.
• It is also known as the art of sword and spear, this Manipuri traditional dance features a wide range of martial arts weaponry in its performance.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 28 days.

Key Points

• The number of deaths during the first 28 completed days of life per 1000 live births in a given year or period is defined as the neonatal mortality rate.
• There are some concerns about the quality of neonatal mortality reporting both internationally and within states, particularly in terms of defining a live birth and/or reporting both birth and death certificates for newborns with very low birth weights.
• When neonatal death certificates are matched to corresponding birth certificates, much more additional and valuable data (birth weight, mother's smoking status, when prenatal care began, etc.) is obtained for neonatal mortality risk analysis.

Additional Information

• The number of newborn deaths per 1,000 live births is known as the infant mortality rate.
• The infant mortality rate is an essential indicator of a society's general health, in addition to providing crucial information regarding maternal and baby health.
• The crude mortality rate is derived by dividing the number of fatalities in a particular time by the number of people who were at risk of dying during that period.
• A death rate that is limited to a certain age group is known as an age-specific mortality rate.

The correct answer is Octopus.

Key Points

• Kingdom- Animalia
• Phylum- Mollusca
• Class- Cephalopoda
• Genus- Octopus
• Octopus belongs to the class Cephalopoda.
• Octopuses have three hearts; a systemic heart that circulates blood around the body and two branchial hearts that pump it through each of the two gills.
• The systemic heart is inactive when the animal is swimming and thus it tires quickly and prefers to crawl.
• Octopus blood contains the copper-rich protein hemocyanin to transport oxygen.
• This makes the blood very viscous and it requires considerable pressure to pump it around the body.
• Octopus's blood pressures can exceed 75 mmHg.
• All octopuses are venomous, evidence shows that the animal does not make the venom by itself, but is produced by symbiotic bacteria instead.
• The blue-ringed octopus is the most venomous to humans and they are fatal.​

Additional Information

• The five-kingdom system proposed by R.H. Whittaker.
• The kingdom defined by him was named- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.
• Kingdom Animalia is divided into sub-groups which is known as Phylum. There are 11 phyla in the kingdom Animalia.
• Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Chordata.

The correct answer is Moon.

Key Points

• Moon:
• A natural satellite of the Earth is the moon, which we see almost every night.
• The moon follows a predictable path around the earth.
• Even as the moon revolves around the earth, its orbit is held in place by the gravitational attraction between the earth and the natural satellite.
• The surface of the Moon is barren and dusty.
• Various Craters of different shapes and sizes are also found on its surface.
• Mitra Crater on Moon is named after Indian radio physicist Sisir Kumar Mitra.
• The largest crater on the Moon is called South Pole-Aitken Basin.
• Various mountains are also found on the moon which is steep and high, some of which are as lofty as the mountains on the earth.
• The average distance between the Earth and the Moon is 3,84,400 km.​

Additional Information

This is the chart of the planet with its natural satellite number-

The correct answer is Assets.

Key Points

• Assets 
• Assets are resources owned by an individual or business expected to provide future economic benefits.
• They can be classified as:
• Current Assets: Convertible into cash within one year (e.g., cash, inventory).
• Non-Current Assets: Long-term resources providing benefits for more than one year (e.g., property, equipment).
• Tangible Assets: Physical assets (e.g., machinery, buildings).
• Intangible Assets: Non-physical assets with value (e.g., patents, trademarks).
• Financial Assets: Investments in other institutions (e.g., stocks, bonds).
• Operating Assets: Resources used to generate revenue (e.g., equipment, inventory).

Additional Information

• Debenture 
• A debenture is a type of debt instrument that is not secured by physical assets or collateral.
• It is backed only by the general creditworthiness and reputation of the issuer.
• Companies or governments use debentures to borrow money.
• Holders of debentures are, therefore, considered unsecured creditors and are paid after secured creditors in case of liquidation.
• Interest payments to debenture holders are a tax-deductible expense for the issuing entity.
• Liabilities
• Liabilities are financial debts or obligations that an individual or business owes.
• They are settled over time through the transfer of economic benefits such as money, goods, or services.
• Loan
• A loan is a sum of money that is borrowed, often from a bank, which is expected to be paid back with interest.
• The borrower is obligated to repay the debt in a predetermined manner (typically in installments) over a set period.

The correct answer is 1919.

Key Points

• Martial law was imposed in India during the command of General Dyer.
• On April 13, 1919, General Dyer signed the Martial Law Act, which stated that no more than two people might establish a group and congregate in one location.
• This law was passed to prohibit any organised opposition to the reigning powers.
• This occurred during the Sikh festival of Baisakhi when hundreds had congregated in Jallianwala Bagh to celebrate, and General Dyer opened fire on them.
• Except for Article 34, which gives Parliament the ability to reimburse persons for crimes committed in regions where martial law was in effect and to recognise acts committed under martial law, there is no explicit mention of "martial law" in the Indian Constitution.

Additional Information

• Indian Penal Code, 1860 (Section 153 A): Use of language that promotes discrimination or violence against people on the grounds of race, caste, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, or any other category is illegal.
• Preventive detention is the practice of incarcerating accused individuals before trial on the idea that their release would be detrimental to society—specifically, that they would be more likely to commit new crimes if released.

The correct answer is export of manufactured goods.

Key Points

• The export of manufactured goods involves selling domestically produced goods to foreign markets, driving economic growth, and generating employment.
• However, it comes with challenges like trade barriers, international competition, and quality control.
• Strategies to increase exports include improving product quality, exploring new markets, and seeking government support.
• The export of manufactured goods is a key indicator of a country's economic health and industrial strength.

Additional Information

• Expanding trade and commerce 
• Expanding trade and commerce involves increasing the exchange of goods, services, and capital across international borders.
• This process helps diversify domestic economies, promotes economic growth, and leads to the creation of jobs.
• Bringing in foreign exchange refers to earning foreign currencies through exports or foreign investments.
• This is crucial for a country as it allows it to pay for its imports, repay foreign loans, and conduct other international transactions.

The correct answer is Mehrgarh.

Key Points

• Mehrgarh (6500 to 5500 BC) is one of the oldest Neolithic sites in South Asia.
• It began during the Pre-Harappan period.
• It is located near the Bolan Pass on the Kacchi Plain of Balochistan, Pakistan.
• It is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming and herding.
• Women and men learnt to grow barley and wheat, and rear sheep and goats.
• Remains of square or rectangular houses were found at the site.
• These people believe in life after death, this was visible from the burials which were found at the site.
• Mehrgarh was also a centre of manufacture for various figures and pottery that were distributed to surrounding regions.

Additional Information

• The Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization.
• The Indus Valley Civilization was established around 3300 BC.
• It flourished between 2600 BC and 1900 BC (Mature Indus Valley Civilization) around river Indus and its tributaries.
• It started declining around 1900 BC and disappeared around 1400 BC.
• This is also called Harappan Civilization after the first city to be excavated, Harappa (Punjab, Pakistan).
• The Harappan Civilization was a contemporary of Egyptian Civilization.
• The Egyptian Civilization was also a Bronze Age civilization which developed along the banks of river Nile.
• The Egyptian Civilization lasted for over 3000 years from 3150 BCE to 30 BCE.

Given

Expression = $\rm\frac{\frac{7}{4} \div \frac{13}{5} o f\left(\frac{5}{52}\right)}{\frac{13}{11} \div \frac{15}{11} \circ f\left(\frac{14}{5}\right)}$

Concept used: 

Solution:

⇒ $\frac{7}{4} \div \frac{13}{5} \times \frac{5}{52}= \frac{7}{4} \div \frac{1}{4} = 7$

⇒ $\frac{13}{11} \div \frac{15}{11} \times \frac{14}{5}=\frac{13}{11} \div \frac{42}{11} =\frac{13}{42}$

⇒ $7 \div \frac{13}{42} = \frac{7 \times 42}{13}=\frac{294}{13}$

Therefore, the simplified value of the given expression is $\frac{294}{13}$.

Given Data:

A runs 1 km in 4 min.

B runs 1 km in 4 min 10 sec.

Concept:

Distance = Speed × Time

Solution:

4 min = 240 sec. & 4 min 10 sec = 250 sec.

A covers 1 km in 240 sec, B covers 1 km in 250 sec, 

Speed of B ⇒ 1km/250sec = 1000meter/250sec = 4 m/sec.  

Difference of Time between A & B = 250 - 240 = 10 sec.

A can beat B 10 sec prior,

Distance = 4 × 10 = 40 m.

∴ A beat B by 40 m.

Shortcut Trick

In Compound Interest, if a sum becomes 'n' times in 'T' years, it becomes 'n^k' times in 'k × T' years.

Here, the sum doubles (2 times) in 10 years (n = 2, T = 10).

To become four times (4 = 2²), the power k = 2.

Time required = k × T = 2 × 10 = 20 years.

∴ The correct answer is 20 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial Sum = P

Amount after 10 years = 2P

Target Amount = 4P

Formula Used:

A = P(1 + r/100)^t

Calculations:

⇒ 2P = P(1 + r/100)¹⁰

⇒ 2 = (1 + r/100)¹⁰ ---- (i)

⇒ Let the required time be 't' years for the sum to become 4P.

⇒ 4P = P(1 + r/100)^t

⇒ 4 = (1 + r/100)^t

⇒ (2)² = (1 + r/100)^t

⇒ Substituting value of 2 from (i):

⇒ [(1 + r/100)¹⁰]² = (1 + r/100)^t

⇒ (1 + r/100)²⁰ = (1 + r/100)^t

⇒ By comparing powers, t = 20 years.

∴ The correct answer is 20 years.

Additional Information

Effective Rate of Interest

When interest is compounded more than once a year, the effective annual rate is (1 + r/n)ⁿ − 1, where n is the frequency of compounding.

Rule of 72

A quick way to estimate how long it takes to double money at CI: Time ≈ 72 ÷ Interest Rate.

SI vs CI for Doubling

In Simple Interest, if a sum doubles in T years, it becomes n times in (n−1) × T years. For 4 times, it would take (4−1) × 10 = 30 years.

Shortcut Trick

Price after first discount of 20% = 5000 × 80/100 = ₹4000.

Successive discount needed to reach ₹3600 = 4000 − 3600 = ₹400.

Second discount % = (Discount / Value after first discount) × 100

Second discount % = (400 / 4000) × 100 = 10%.

∴ The correct answer is 10%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price (MP) = ₹5,000

First Discount (d₁) = 20%

Final Selling Price (SP) = ₹3,600

Formula Used:

Final SP = MP × (100 − d₁)/100 × (100 − d₂)/100

Calculations:

⇒ 3600 = 5000 × (100 − 20)/100 × (100 − d₂)/100

⇒ 3600 = 5000 × 80/100 × (100 − d₂)/100

⇒ 3600 = 4000 × (100 − d₂)/100

⇒ 3600 / 40 = 100 − d₂

⇒ 90 = 100 − d₂

⇒ d₂ = 100 − 90

⇒ d₂ = 10%

∴ The correct answer is 10%.

Additional Information

Equivalent Discount Formula

For two successive discounts of a% and b%, the single equivalent discount is (a + b − ab/100)%.

Marked Price and Selling Price

Selling Price = Marked Price − Discount. The discount is always calculated on the Marked Price unless stated otherwise.

Successive Percentage Change

If a value is changed by x% and then by y% successively, the net change is given by the formula: x + y + (xy/100).

Given Data:

90 is divided into two parts in the ratio of 2 ∶ 3.

Solution:

⇒ The two parts are 2x and 3x (where x is the common ratio).

According to the problem,

⇒ 2x + 3x = 90

⇒ 5x = 90.

⇒ x = $\frac{90}{5}$ = 18.

the two parts are 2x = 36 and 3x = 54.

Therefore, the values of two parts are 36 and 54.

Concept:

Average = Sum of observations/Number of observations.

Solution:

Sum of weights = 22.450 kg + 24.150 kg + 24.720 kg + 28.530 kg + 25.150 kg = 125 kg.

⇒ Average weight = $\frac{125}{5}$ = 25 kg.

Therefore, the average weight of all the five boys is 25 kg.

Given Data:

Distance = 72 km.

Time = 60 min.

Concept:

Speed = Distance/Time.

Solution:

⇒ Speed = $\frac{72}{1}$ = 72 km/h.

Therefore, the speed of the bus is 72 km/h.

Given Data:

Radius of hemisphere = 5 cm.

Height of cone = 75 cm.

Concept:

Volumes of hemisphere and cone are equal,

V_hemisphere = V_cone.

Solution:

⇒ $\frac{2}{3}$π(5)³ = $\frac{1}{3}$πr² × 75.

⇒ 2 × 125 = r² × 75

⇒ r = √(10/3) = √3.33 = 1.8 approx

⇒  r = 1.8 cm.

Therefore, the radius of the base of the cone is 1.8 cm.

Concept:

Area of Rectangle = Length × Width.

Area of Triangle = 1/2 × Height × Base

Solution:

Area of rectangle ABCD

⇒ AC × CD = 90 cm × 20 cm

⇒ 1800 cm².

Area of triangle FBE

⇒ 1/2 × FE × AF 

⇒ 1/2 × 80 cm × 20 cm = 800 cm².

Shaded area = Area of rectangle ABCD - Area of triangle ADE

⇒ 1800 cm² - 800 cm² = 1000 cm².

Therefore, the area of the shaded region is 1000 cm².

Given Data:

Man spends 31% of his monthly income on food,

9% on clothing, and one-third of the remaining on education.

He saves Rs. 4,500 per month.

Concept:

Calculation of income based on expenditure and savings.

Solution:

After spending on food, clothing and education, the remaining money

⇒ 2 × Rs. 4,500 = Rs. 9,000.

Thus, the total monthly income 

⇒ $\frac{100}{40}$ × Rs. 9,000 = Rs. 22,500.

Therefore, his monthly salary is Rs. 22,500.

Given:

Track length = 900 meters

The speed of A, B and C are 3 m/sec, 5 m/sec and 6 m/sec respectively.

Logic:

When in the same direction,

Relative speed = (x - y)

When in the opposite direction,

Relative speed = (x + y)

Solution:

The track length is 900 metres.

A and B run in the same direction,

they will meet,

⇒ 900/(5 - 3) = 450 seconds

A and C will meet

⇒ 900/(6 + 3) = 100 seconds

B and C will meet

⇒ 900/(6 + 5) = 900/11 seconds

They all meet at least common multiples of 450 seconds, 100 seconds, and 900/11 seconds.

Least Common Multiple of 450 seconds, 100 seconds, and 900/11 seconds

⇒ 900 seconds = 15 minutes

∴ They will meet after 15 minutes.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Principal to Amount after 3 years = 125 : 216

Since the time period is 3 years, take the cube root to find the 1-year ratio.

Ratio for 1 year = ³√125 : ³√216 = 5 : 6

Interest for 1 year = 6 − 5 = 1 unit on a principal of 5 units.

Rate of interest = (1 ÷ 5) × 100% = 20%

∴ The correct answer is 20%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Amount (A) becomes 216/125 times of Principal (P).

Time (n) = 3 years

Formula Used:

A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ

P = 125 Year 0

A = 216 Year 3

Time = 3 Years Rate = R% p.a.

Multiplier over 3 years = 216 / 125

Calculations:

⇒ Let Principal = P

⇒ Amount (A) = (216/125) × P

⇒ (216/125) × P = P(1 + R/100)³

⇒ 216/125 = (1 + R/100)³

⇒ (6/5)³ = (1 + R/100)³

Taking the cube root on both sides:

⇒ 6/5 = 1 + R/100

⇒ R/100 = 6/5 − 1

⇒ R/100 = 1/5

⇒ R = 100 ÷ 5 = 20

∴ The correct answer is 20%.

Additional Information

Compound Interest Formula

The amount after n years is given by A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ, where P is principal and R is rate of interest.

Effective Rate for 2 Years

For a rate of R% compounded annually, the effective CI rate for 2 years is calculated using the successive percentage formula: 2R + (R²/100)%.

Difference Between CI and SI

For 2 years: Difference = P(R/100)². For 3 years: Difference = P(R/100)² × (3 + R/100).

Given Data:

Lady sells sugar at 20% profit and,

Uses a weight 30% less than the actual measure.

Formula Used:

Actual Profit% = [(P + W) / (1 - W)] × 100

Profit% = P (in decimal)

Less weight% = W (in decimal)

Solution:

20% = 0.2 & 30% = 0.3

Actual Profit% = [(P + W) / (1 - W)] × 100

⇒ Actual Profit% = [(0.2 + 0.3)/(1 - 0.3)] × 100

⇒ Actual Profit% = (0.5/0.7) × 100

⇒ Actual Profit% = 500/7

⇒ Total gain% = $71\frac{3}{7}\%$

Therefore, her gain percentage is $71\frac{3}{7}\%$.

Given:

Difference between the two numbers is 1086.

Larger number gives quotient 6 and,

Remainder 6 when divided by the smaller number.

Solution:

If we denote the smaller number as x,

then the larger number is x + 1086.

According to the problem,

⇒ x + 1086 = 6x + 6

⇒ 5x = 1080

⇒ x = 216

And the larger number

⇒ 216 + 1086 = 1302.

Therefore, the larger number is 1302.

Given Data:

Dress sold for Rs. 1619.20.

Marked price of dress = Rs. 2000.

Second discount = 8%.

Solution:

The price after the first discount is 100% - x% = (100 - x)% of the marked price.

⇒ Price after first discount = 2000 × (100 - x) / 100 ...(1)

The final price is 92% (100% - 8%) of the price after the first discount.

⇒ Final price = Price after first discount × 92 / 100 ...(2)

Substituting equation (1) in equation (2):

⇒ 1619.20 = 2000 × (100 - x) / 100 × 92 / 100

After rearranging, we find that

⇒ 1619.20 / (2000 × 92 / 100) = (100 - x) / 100

⇒ 0.88 = 1 - x / 100

After rearranging again, we find that

⇒ x / 100 = 1 - 0.88

⇒ x / 100 = 0.12

⇒ x = 0.12 × 100

x = 12%.

Therefore, the first discount is 12 percent.

Given Data:

Ratio p ∶ q = 1 ∶ 2.

Concept: Substitution of values in the expression.

Solution:

substitute p = 1 and q = 2,

The value of the expression = $\frac{2 \times 1+3 \times 2}{4 \times 1+5 \times 2}=\frac{4}{7}$.

Therefore, the value of $\rm\frac{2 p+3 q}{4 p+5 q}$  is $\frac{4}{7}$.

Given Data:

A and B can do a piece of work in 20 days.

B and C can do the same work in 100 days.

B alone can do the same work in 140 days.

Concept:

Work done = Efficiency × Number of Days

Solution:

⇒ Work done by (A + B) in a day = 1/20.

⇒ Work done by (B + C) in a day = 1/100.

⇒ Work done by B in a day = 1/140.

⇒ Work done by A in a day = (A + B) - B = 1/20 - 1/140 = 6/140 = 3/70.

⇒ Work done by C in a day = (B + C) - B = 1/100 - 1/140 = 2/700 = 1/350.

⇒ Therefore, A and C together can do the work in 1/(A + C) = 1/(3/70 + 1/350) = 1/(4/70) = 175/8 days.

Therefore, A and C together can complete the same work in 175/8 days.

Given Data:

A can do a piece of work in 4 days.

B can do it in 8 days.

Concept:

Work done by A and B in one cycle of two days when they work on alternate days.

Solution:

⇒ Work done by A in a day = 1/4.

⇒ Work done by B in a day = 1/8.

⇒ Work done by A and B in 2 days = 1/4 + 1/8 = 3/8.

⇒ Therefore, in 4 days they will complete 2*3/8 = 6/8 = 3/4 of the work.

⇒ Remaining 1/4 of the work will be completed by A in 1 day (since A starts and they work alternately).

⇒ Total time = 4 + 1 = 5 days.

Therefore, the work will be completed in 5 days.

Given Data:

Diamond ring sold for Rs. 5,94,320 with a loss of 5%.

Profit should be 25%.

Concept:

Calculation of Cost Price and Selling Price.

Solution:

⇒ Cost Price = Rs. 5,94,320 / (95/100) = Rs. 6,25,600.

⇒ Selling Price for a profit of 25% = Rs. 6,25,600 × (125/100) = Rs. 7,82,000.

Therefore, she should sell the diamond ring for Rs. 7,82,000 for a profit of 25%.

Given data:

Candidate A's vote share = 42%

Difference in votes between candidates A and B = 8000 votes

Concept:

The difference between the votes of the two candidates can be expressed as a percentage of the total votes.

Solution:

Candidate B's vote share = 100% - 42% = 58%

The difference between the vote shares of B and A = 58% - 42% = 16%

⇒ 16% of Total votes = 8000 votes

We can find the total number of votes (T) from this equation

⇒ T = 8000 / (16 / 100)

⇒ T = 8000 × 100 / 16

⇒ T = 50000

Therefore the total number of votes is 50000.

The correct answer is "book".

Key Points

• Here the given blanks will use the homonyms of the word "book."
• Now in the first blank, "Read a book" is a common phrase in English, meaning to read a printed publication.
• "Book" means a written work that is published as printed pages fastened together inside a cover, or in electronic form.(किताब)
• Example: There is a big book fair going on.
• While in the second blank the word "book" will implies to arrange to have or do something at a particular time.(सुरक्षित करा लेना)
• It is a verb for of the same word.
• Example: We need to book a table.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• "Notepad" is a type of paper for writing notes.
• "Reserve" means to save or secure something. (संरक्षित)
• "Purchase" means the action of buying something. (खरीदना)

The correct answer is "Joyous."

Key Points

• Let us understand the meaning of the given and the marked words:
• "Doleful" means sad or mournful.(मातमी)
• Example: His face looks doleful when he is not smiling.
• Joyous means happy or cheerful. (आनंदित)
• Example: It was a joyous occasion.
• Antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word.
• Therefore, Joyous is the antonym of Doleful.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Option 2, Worthless, means having no value or importance.(बेकार)
• Option 3, Horrid, means extremely unpleasant or offensive.(भयंकर)
• Option 4, Dismal, means depressing or dreary.(निराशाजन��)

The correct answer is "addition."

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the use of the word "edition" is incorrect as it means one of a series of newspapers, magazines, television or radio programmes. (संस्करण)
• "Addition" is the correct spelling of the word.
• It means "the action or process of adding something to something else."(जोड़ना​)
• Example: In addition to that, they gifted us a beautiful showpiece.
• Also, it fits the context of the sentence.

Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Option 1, "adition," is a misspelling of the word.
• Option 3, "eddtion," has an extra "d" and an incorrect placement of the "t."
• Option 4, "audition," means "a trial performance to assess someone's suitability for a role or position."

The correct answer is "Dislike."

Key Points

• Let us understand the meanings of the given and the marked words: 
• Despise means to feel a strong dislike or contempt for someone or something.(घृणा)
• ​Example: She despises the thought of failing.
• Dislike is a synonym of despise, meaning to have a feeling of aversion or antipathy towards someone or something.(नापसन्द)
• ​Example: I dislike being in such awkward situations.
• Thus, in this case, dislike is the most appropriate synonym of despise.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Treasure means to value or cherish something highly. (निधि सुरक्षित रखना)
• Desire means to strongly want or wish for something.(इच्छा)
• Like means to have a positive feeling towards someone or something.(पसंद)

The correct answer is "Isn't it."

Key Points

• The underlined segment is a question, and it requires an auxiliary verb to form a grammatically correct sentence.
• The auxiliary verb "does" is used to form questions in present tense for third-person singular subjects (he, she, it).
• However, the subject in this sentence is "it," which is not a person, and therefore, the correct auxiliary verb to use is "is."
• The contracted form "isn't it," is the correct option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence.
• The correct sentence will be:
• Isn't it difficult to drive a lorry through a crowded lane?

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (Aren't it) is grammatically incorrect because "aren't" is a contraction of "are not," which is not the correct auxiliary verb to use with the subject "it."
• Option 2 (Do it) is grammatically incorrect because "do" is not the correct auxiliary verb to use in this sentence, and it changes the meaning of the sentence.
• Option 4 (Would it) is grammatically incorrect because "would" is not the correct auxiliary verb to use in this sentence, and it changes the meaning of the sentence. It implies a hypothetical situation rather than a present situation.

The correct answer is "Happen fast and instantaneously".

Key Points

• "In the blink of an eye" is an idiom that means something happens very quickly.
• तेजी से घटित होता है
• The phrase can be used to describe events that occur suddenly or unexpectedly.
• It can also refer to actions that are completed in a short amount of time.
• Example: In the blink of an eye, the robber disappeared from the bank with a bag full of cash.
• Thus, it is clear that option 1 correctly explains the given idiom.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is "inserted".

Key Points

• "Insert" means to put something into something else.(डालना)
• ​Example: You need to insert the debit card inside the ATM machine.
• It is the most appropriate word in the given context as the teacher is adding another picture to the slide.
• The sentence is in the past tense, so the correct form is "inserted".
• The sentence structure is in the active voice, with the teacher as the subject doing the action of inserting.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Option 1, "excluded", means to leave something out or not include it.(छोड़ा गया)
• This is the opposite of what the teacher is doing in the sentence.
• Option 2, "extracted", means to remove something from something else.(निकाले)
• This does not make sense in the given context.
• Option 4, "obtained", means to acquire or get something.(प्राप्त किया)
• This is not the appropriate word as it does not convey the action of adding something to the slide.

The correct answer is "Very expensive".

Key Points

• The idiom "an arm and a leg" means something is very expensive or costs a lot of money.
• This idiom is often used to express that something is not worth the high cost.
• Example: "I really want that new car, but it costs an arm and a leg."
• "Expensive" means something that costs a lot of money.(महँगा)
• Thus, option 2 best describes the given idiom.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is "Seceade."

Key Points

• Among the given options, the word in option 1 is incorrectly spelt.
• The correct spelling of the word is "secede".
• The word means to withdraw or break away from a larger group or organization.(अलग होना)
• Example: The Southern states seceded from the United States in 1861.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Option 2 (Seismic) refers to something related to earthquakes or vibrations in the earth's crust.(भूकंप-संबंधी)
• Option 3 (Relevance) means something that is important or applicable to a particular situation or topic.(प्रासंगिकता)
• Option 4 (Titillate) means to excite or arouse someone's interest or curiosity in a playful or suggestive way.(गुदगुदाना)

The correct answer is "when."

Key Points

• The sentence describes a sequence of events, with the old man walking through the forest and then hearing someone crying for help.
• "When" is a conjunction that is used to indicate a specific point in time or a cause-and-effect relationship between two events.(जब)
• Example: I was in the office when it happened.
• In this case, "when" is the most appropriate option because it connects the old man's actions with the sound of someone crying for help.
• Thus, the correct sentence will be:
• One day, an old man was walking through the forest when suddenly he heard someone crying for help.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (which) is a relative pronoun that is used to introduce a subordinate clause that provides additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. (कौन सा)
• Option 3 (while) is a conjunction that is used to indicate that two actions are happening at the same time, but in this case, the actions are not happening simultaneously.(जबकि)
• Option 4 (than) is a conjunction that is used to compare two things, but it does not fit the context of the sentence.(की अपेक्षा)

The correct answer is "Irritate."

Key Points

• Let us understand the meanings of the given and the marked words:
• "Annoy" means to irritate or bother someone. (चिढ़ाना)
• Example: My brother used to annoy me a lot.
• Synonym of annoy is irritate, which means to provoke or annoy someone.(कुढ़ाना)
• Example: The constant buzzing of the mosquito annoyed me all night.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Option 2 (Testify) means to give evidence in court or to bear witness.(गवाही देना)
• Option 3 (Suppress) means to prevent something from being expressed or revealed.(दबाना)
• Option 4 (Delight) means to please or give pleasure to someone.(आनंद)

The correct answer is "am."

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the present continuous tense (am writing) is not appropriate to describe a future action.
• The error is with the verb "am."
• It should be replaced with "will be" to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Will Be is the future continuous tense form of “to be” and is used to express an ongoing action or state in the future. 
• Example: I will be going to the gym tomorrow.
• Thus, the correct sentence should be "Tomorrow in the exam hall, I will be busy writing answers."

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is "should."

Key Points

• The original sentence states that we were taught we "can" obey our elders, implying that it is optional.
• "Can" is used to express possibilities, which doesn't fit the context of the given sentence.
• However, using "should" instead indicates that obeying our elders is expected or recommended.
• "Should" is used to say that something is the proper or best thing to do, or to say that someone ought to do something or must do something.
• Example: We should exercise daily.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Option 2, "cannot," means the opposite of the intended meaning.
• Option 3, "may," implies permission rather than expectation or recommendation.
• Option 4, "need not," implies that obeying our elders is not necessary.

The correct answer is "ceased".

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the blank will imply how the attack stopped the functioning of the vital organs.
• Among the given options, the correct word to use is "ceased."
• "Ceased" means to stop or come to an end, which fits the context of the sentence.(समाप्त)
• Example: Internet in the area has been ceased.
• Thus, the correct sentence will be: 
• Due to the attack his vital organs ceased functioning.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• "Seized" means to take hold of or capture, which does not make sense in this context.(जब्त)
• "Sized" means to determine the size of something, which is not relevant to the sentence.(आकार)
• "Seas" refers to large bodies of saltwater, which does not make sense in this context.(समुद्र)

The correct answer is "Optimistic."

Key Points

• Let us understand the meaning of the given and the marked words:
• "Cynical" means distrustful or pessimistic.(निंदक)
• Example: He gave a cynical laugh.
• Optimistic means hopeful or confident.(आशावादी)
• Example: She is an optimistic person.
• The antonym of a word is a word that means the opposite of it.
• Therefore, the antonym of cynical is optimistic.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Negligent means careless or irresponsible.(लापरवाह)
• Silent means quiet or not speaking.(चुपचाप)
• Usurper means someone who takes power or authority without the right to do so.(हड़पनेवाला)

The correct answer is "have been".

Key Points

• The sentence is in present perfect tense, which is formed using the auxiliary verb "have" or "has" + past participle.
• The present perfect tense is used to talk about a continuing situation.
• Since the subject is plural ("mirrors"), we need to use the plural form of the auxiliary verb, which is "have".
• "Have been" is the past participle of "be", which is the appropriate verb to use in this context.
• The sentence means that the mirrors in question were already present in the past and continue to be present in the present.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Option 1, "has been", is incorrect because it uses the singular form of the auxiliary verb.
• Option 2, "is being", is incorrect because it uses the present continuous tense, which implies an action in progress at the moment of speaking. This is not appropriate for a statement about rows in a file.
• Option 4, "are", is incorrect because it is a simple present tense verb, which does not convey the past-present continuity implied by the sentence.

The correct answer is "principle."

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the blank will refer to the information mentioned earlier in the passage.
• The earlier information in line 1 is :  It is said that Archimedes used huge mirrors to focus the heat of the sun’s rays on enemy ships to burn them.
• Thus, this is a type of process or guiding belief.
• Therefore, among the given options, the correct word to use is "principle." 
• "Principle" refers to a fundamental truth or guiding belief.(सिद्धांत)
• Example: Honesty is a principle that should be upheld in all situations.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• "Verity" means truth or accuracy.(सचाई)
• "Supposition" means an assumption or hypothesis.(अनुमान)
• "Moral" refers to a lesson or code of conduct.(नैतिक)
• "Verity" and "supposition" are both related to ideas of truth, but they have different connotations.
• "Moral" is related to ethical or behavioral guidelines, but it is not as closely related to the idea of a fundamental truth or belief.

The correct answer is "overhead."

Key Points

• The word 'overhead' means situated above the level of the head; in the sky or high above.(उपरि)
• Grammatically, 'overhead' is an adjective used to describe a position or location.
• Example: I switched on the overhead light.
• In the given context, the blank is asking for a word that describes the location of the beautifully shining moon.
• Therefore, 'overhead' is the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Option 1, beneath, means situated below or underneath something.(नीचे)
• Option 3, ahead, means in front or in advance of something.(आगे)
• Option 4, upward, means moving or directed towards a higher position. (ऊपर की ओर)

The correct answer is "little".

Key Points

• "Little" is the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.
• "Little" means small in size, amount, or degree.(थोड़ा)
• Example: She has very little experience of such issues.
• In this context, the speaker is referring to the amount of sunlight that moon reflects, hence "little" fits perfectly.
• Grammatically, "little" is an adjective that modifies the noun that comes after it.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Option 1, "minute", means extremely small or insignificant. It could also refer to a unit of time.(बहुत छोटा)
• Option 2, "less", means a smaller amount or degree of something. (कम)
• Option 3, "petty", means of little importance or significance, often referring to small or trivial matters.(तुच्छ)

The correct answer is "faintly".

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the nature of the image that we are able to see of the moon after the reflection.
• Now, among the given options, the correct word to use is "faintly."
• "Faintly" means in a weak or unclear manner.(अस्पष्टतापूर्वक)
• Example: I faintly remember the memories of my childhood.
• The adverb "faintly" is the most appropriate choice to describe how moon is visible in the given context.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Option 1, "lowly", means in a humble or meek manner.(नम्र)
• Option 3, "gloomily", means in a sad or depressed manner.(उदास)
• Option 4, "feebly", means in a weak or ineffective manner.(निर्बलता से)

उपर्युक्त वाक्य के पर खंड में त्रुटि है। 

• शुद्ध वाक्य है-  सूर्य पूर्व में उगता है।

Key Points

• सूर्य पूर्व पर उगता है- वाक्य में कारक संबंधी त्रुटि है।
• यहाँ पर के स्थान पर में होगा।
• में और पर अधिकरण कारक हैं।

Additional Information

• अधिकरण कारक- 
• जिस शब्द से क्रिया के आधार का बोध हो, उसे अधिकरण कारक कहते हैं।
• जैसे– पानी में मछली रहती है।
• इस वाक्य में 'पानी में' अधिकरण है, क्योंकि यह मछली के आधार पानी का बोध करा रहा है।
• अधिकरण कारक के चिन्ह-
• में, पर, पे, के ऊपर, के अंदर, के बीच,आदि।

वाक्य के रिक्त स्थान में सबसे उपयुक्त मुहावरा अंधे की लाठी होगा।

• राहुल अपनी माँ की अंधे की लाठी है।

Key Points

• मुहावरा- अंधे की लाठी
• अर्थ-  एक मात्र सहारा।
• वाक्य प्रयोग- राम अपने बूढ़े माता-पिता की अंधे की लाठी है।

अन्य विकल्प- 

• मुहावरा- गाल बजाना 
• अर्थ-  डींग हाँकना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग- दरबारी कवि राजा के सामने उनकी प्रशंसा में खूब गाल बजाते थे।
• मुहावरा- ईद का चाँद  
• अर्थ- बहुत दिनों बाद दिखाई देना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग- आजकल राम तो ईद का चाँद हो गया है दिखाई ही नहीं देता।
• मुहावरा- अक्ल का दुश्मन  
• अर्थ-  मूर्ख होना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग- रमेश को समझना व्यर्थ है वह तो अक्ल का दुश्मन है।

Important Pointsमुहावरा- 

• किसी विशेष अर्थ को प्रकट करने वाले वाक्यांश को मुहावरा कहते हैं।
• मुहावरे का शाब्दिक अर्थ अभ्यास होता है।
• मुहावरों का प्रयोग भाषा को सुन्दर, प्रभावशाली तथा संक्षिप्त व सरल बनाने के लिए जाता है।

अत्यधिक कार्य स्वास्थ को बिगाड़ देता है,वाक्य में स्वास्थ शब्द में वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि है।

• शुद्ध शब्द है-  स्वास्थ्य

Key Points

• अशुद्ध व���क्य- अत्यधिक कार्य स्वास्थ को बिगाड़ देता है।
• शुद्ध वाक्य- अत्यधिक कार्य स्वास्थ्य को बिगाड़ देता है।

Additional Information

• वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि-
• उच्चारण दोष अथवा शब्द रचना और संधि के नियमों की जानकारी की अपर्याप्तता के कारण सामान्यतः वर्तनी अशुद्धि हो जाती है।
• जहाँ 'श' एवं 'स' एक साथ प्रयुक्त होते हैं वहाँ 'श' पहले आयेगा एवं 'स' उसके बाद
• जैसे– शासन, प्रशंसा, नृशंस, शासक

सही उत्तर है- बूढ़ा होकर बच्चों जैसा काम करना 

Key Points

• मुहावरा- सींग कटाकर बछड़ों में मिलना
• अर्थ- 
• बूढ़ा होकर बच्चों जैसा काम करना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग-
• उसके शौक तो देखो, सींग कटाकर बछड़ों में मिल रहा है।

Additional Informationअन्य विकल्प-

• मुहवरा-
• आंखे चुराना।
• अर्थ-
• ग़लत काम करके छिपना।
• प्रयोग-
• रमेश को मेने कुछ रुपये उधार दिए थे और जब भी वह मेरे सामने आता है तो वह आँखें चुराकर जाने लगता है।

मुझे कार्यालय में बहुत सम्मान मिला। इस वाक्‍य में अपमान शब्‍द के सही व‍िलोम शब्‍द का प्रयोग हुआ है। 

Key Points

• वाक्‍य- मुझे कार्यालय में बहुत सम्मान मिला।
• इस वाक्‍य में अपमान के उच‍ित व‍िलोम सम्‍मान का प्रयोग क‍िया गया है।
• अपमान का अर्थ- तिरस्कार
• सम्‍मान का अर्थ- प्रतिष्ठा

Important Points

Additional Information

• विलोम शब्द- 
• जो शब्द किसी शब्द का विपरीत अर्थ देता है उसे विलोम शब्द कहते हैं।
• जैसे- दिन का रात, प्रकाश का अंधकार।

सही उत्तर है- अचला नदी से पानी भरने गयी।

Key Points

• अचला नदी में पानी भरने गयी- में करण कारक संबंधी त्रुटि है।
• अतः शुद्ध वाक्य है- 
• अचला नदी से पानी भरने गयी।

Additional Information

• करण कारक- 
• जिसकी सहायता से कोई कार्य किया जाए, उसे करण कारक कहते हैं।
• करण कारक में 'से' चिन्ह का प्रयोग होता है।
• जैसे– वह कलम से लिखता है।