SSC GD Constable (2022) Official Paper (Held On : 10 Jan 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The mirror image of the given combination is:

Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

The logic followed here is:

Step I: Symbol 'arrow in upper direction' and 'Triangle' are getting shifted one place previously in the next image.

Step II: Number '2' and letter 'U' are getting shifted two place previously in the next image.

Step III: Letter 'B' are getting shifted one place previously in the next image and exchanged with letter 'U' in the next boxes.

Step IV: Letter 'O' are getting shifted one place previously in the next image and exchanged with symbol 'star' in the last image.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Alternate Method 

Mistake PointsThe Alphabets is getting replaced with another alphabet/Symbol to the next image. So, in the last image alphabet 'O' is getting replaced with symbol 'Star' according to the options.

The logic followed here is:

For, YOUR: XPEJ

For, TONE: SPLW

Similarly, for BANK:?

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

For, COMFORT : OCFMTRO

For, CONTROL : OCTNLOR

Similarly, for DIGITAL : ?

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

‘cart light’ is coded as ‘straw handle’,

‘plug light’ is coded as ‘toes handle’,

‘cart plug’ is coded as ‘toes straw’.

Here,

Code for 'cart' is 'straw'.

Code for 'light' is 'handle'.

Code for 'plug' is 'toes'.

Here, The code for 'cart' is 'straw'. 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

So, '781' will complete the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

BODMAS Table:

Given equation: 72 × 6 + 18 ÷ 5 - 9 = 93

Let's check each option by interchanging the signs,

1) × and +

→ 72 × 6 + 18 ÷ 5 - 9 = 93

→ 72 × 6 + 3.6 - 9 = 93

→ 432 + 3.6 - 9 = 93

→ 435.6 - 9 = 93

→ 426.6 ≠ 93

→ LHS ≠ RHS.

2. + and -

→ 72 × 6 - 18 ÷ 5 + 9 = 93

→ 72 × 6 - 3.6 + 9 = 93

→ 432 - 3.6 + 9 = 93

→ 441 - 3.6 = 93

→ 437.4 ≠ 38

→ LHS ≠ RHS.

3) ÷ and -

→ 72 × 6 + 18 - 5 ÷ 9 = 93

→ 72 × 6 + 18 - 0.55 = 93

→ 432 + 18 - 0.55 = 93

→ 450 - 0.55 = 93

→ 449.45 ≠ 93

→ LHS ≠ RHS.

4) × and ÷

→ 72 ÷ 6 + 18 × 5 - 9 = 93

→ 12 + 18 × 5 - 9 = 93

→ 12 + 90 - 9 = 93

→ 102 - 9 = 93

→ LHS = RHS.

Here, we can see that only 'Option 4' satisfies the equation.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

So, '83' will complete the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: **(**1st number + 2nd number) × 9 = 3rd number.

Given,

(20, 30, 450)

→ (20 + 30) × 9

→ 50 × 9 = 450.

(35, 25, 540)

→ (35 + 25) × 9

→ 60 × 9 = 540.

Similarly, for (7, 18, 225)

→ (7 + 18) × 9

→ 25 × 9 = 225.

Here, we can see that only 'Option 3' follow the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Sum of the Place Value of the given words.

Now,

'FORCE' is written as '47',

→ 6(F) + 15(O) + 18(R) + 3(C) + 5(E) = 47.

'GREEN' is written as '49',

→ 7(G) + 18(R) + 5(E) + 5(E) + 14(N) = 49.

Similarly, for 'FLAVOUR'

→ 6(F) + 12(L) + 1(A) + 22(V) + 15(O) + 21(U) + 18(R) = 95.

So, 'FLAVOUR' is written as '95'.

Hence, the correct answer is "95".

Given: Six people are sitting around a circular table facing the centre.

1. Sonal is sitting immediate right of Priya.

2) Sonal is the immediate neighbour of Priya and Swati.

3) Kaya is the immediate neighbour of Jaya and Tara.

4. Tara and Swati are not sitting immediately next to each other.

So, 'Tara' is sitting to the immediate left of Priya.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

For find the opposite surface of 'U', we need to compare the common surface in the given dices,

Now,

From the given Dice,

 

→ P and S is the common surface in both Dice, 'U' is the opposite surface of 'R'.

Here, 'U' is opposite to the face containing 'R'.

Hence, the correct answer is "R".

Given: Six colleagues A, B, C, D, E and F are facing the centre of the circle.

1. A is to the immediate left of E.

2) D is the immediate neighbour of E and B.

3. C is the immediate neighbour of A and F.

Here, 'F' is on the immediate left of C.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is: 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The image embedded in given figure is as shown below:

 

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

BODMAS Table:

Given equation: 42 + 16 ÷ 7 - 36 × 16 = 76

Let's check each option by interchanging the signs,

1) + and -

→ 42 - 16 ÷ 7 + 36 × 16 = 76

→ 42 - 2.29 + 36 × 16 = 76

→ 42 - 2.29 + 576 = 76

→ 618 - 2.29 = 76

→ 615.71 ≠ 76

→ LHS ≠ RHS.

2) ÷ and ×

→ 42 + 16 × 7 - 36 ÷ 16 = 76

→ 42 + 16 × 7 - 2.25 = 76

→ 42 + 112 - 2.25 = 76

→ 154 - 2.25 = 76

→ 151.75 ≠ 76

→ LHS ≠ RHS.

3) × and +

→ 42 × 16 ÷ 7 - 36 + 16 = 76

→ 96 - 36 + 16 = 76

→ 112 – 36 = 76

→ 76 = 76

→ LHS = RHS.

4) ÷ and +

→ 42 ÷ 16 + 7 - 36 × 16 = 76

→ 2.625 + 7 - 36 × 16 = 76

→ 2.625 + 7 - 576 = 76

→ 9.625 - 576 = 76

→ -566.375 ≠ 76

→ LHS ≠ RHS.

Here, we can see that only 'Option 3' satisfies the equation.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given Statements:

All bottles are bags.

Some bags are pencils.

Some pencils are sharpeners.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. Some sharpeners are bottles - False (Because, there is no definite relation given between sharpeners and bottles, so it can be possible only).

II. Some bottles are pencils - False (Because, there is no definite relation given between Bottles and Pencil, so it can be possible only).

So, Neither conclusion I nor II follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct order as per the dictionary is:

4 magic

2 manage

1 manner

3 masculine

5 matter

Hence, the correct answer is "4, 2, 1, 3, 5".

Family Chart:

Decoding the Symbols:

 

Given: A @ B # C + D + E

It means: B is Brother of A, C is Sister of B, D is Father of C, E is Father of D.

Here, E is the 'Father’s Father' of A.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is Option 3. 

 Key Points

• Jagoi is a major style of Manipuri, which is one of the forms of Indian classical dance.
• Manipuri dance originated in the northeastern state of Manipur and is known for its graceful movements, delicate hand gestures, and vibrant costumes.
• Jagoi is a traditional dance form within Manipuri, characterized by rhythmic footwork, expressive facial expressions, and storytelling elements.

​

Additional Information

• Sattriya dance has gained recognition and popularity beyond the confines of the Sattras and Assam.
• It has evolved as a stage performance art and has been performed at various national and international platforms, showcasing its rich cultural heritage.
• Kathak is one of the major classical dance forms of India, originating in the northern part of the country, particularly in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.
• It is a vibrant and expressive dance form known for its intricate footwork, graceful movements, and storytelling through mime and gestures.
• The word "Kathak" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Katha," which means story.
• Odissi is one of the classical dance forms of India, originating in the state of Odisha, located in the eastern part of the country.
• It is one of the oldest surviving dance forms in India with its roots dating back to ancient times, specifically to the temples of Odisha.

The correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

• Increasing the efficiency of the combustion process can indeed help reduce the pollution caused by burning fossil fuels. Here are a few ways in which efficiency improvements can be achieved:
• Advanced Combustion Technologies: Utilizing advanced combustion technologies such as pre-combustion chambers, staged combustion, and optimized fuel-air mixing can enhance combustion efficiency. These methods ensure that fuel is burned more completely, reducing the production of pollutants.
• Fuel Quality: Using higher-quality fuels with lower impurities and better combustion properties can improve combustion efficiency and reduce emissions. This includes using cleaner-burning fuels such as low-sulfur diesel or natural gas instead of coal or heavy oils.
• Cogeneration and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Systems: Cogeneration or CHP systems produce both electricity and useful heat from the same energy source. By capturing waste heat from power generation and utilizing it for heating or other industrial processes, these systems improve overall energy efficiency, reducing the need for separate fuel burning and associated emissions.
• Energy Efficiency Measures: Implementing energy efficiency measures in industrial processes, buildings, and transportation can reduce the overall energy demand. By using energy more efficiently, the need for burning fossil fuels can be minimized, thereby lowering pollution levels.
• Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): CCS technologies capture carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from power plants and industrial facilities and store them underground or use them for other purposes. While not directly increasing combustion efficiency, CCS can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels.
• It is important to note that while increasing combustion efficiency can reduce pollution per unit of energy generated, it does not eliminate the fundamental environmental concerns associated with the combustion of fossil fuels.
• Transitioning to cleaner and renewable energy sources remains crucial for achieving significant reductions in pollution and combating climate change.

The correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

• Tapan Kumar Pattanayak won the Sangeet natak Akademi Award for Chhau.
• Chhau dance is a traditional Indian dance form that originated in the eastern states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha.
• It is a vibrant and dynamic dance form known for its martial arts-like movements and elaborate masks.
• The word "Chhau" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Chhaya," which means "shadow" or "mask."

​

Additional Information

• Kuchipudi is a classical Indian dance form that originated in the state of Andhra Pradesh, specifically in the village of Kuchipudi.
• It takes its name from the village where it was developed.
• Kuchipudi is a blend of dance, drama, and music.
• It is known for its graceful movements, intricate footwork, and expressive storytelling.
• The dance form traditionally portrays mythological stories, epics, and folklore.
• The performances often include elements of mime and dialogue, with the dancer enacting multiple characters.
• Sattriya is a classical dance form that originated in the northeastern state of Assam, India. It is one of the eight recognized classical dance forms of India, and it has its roots in the Vaishnavism tradition of the region.
• Sattriya dance is closely associated with the Sattras, which are monastic institutions established by the saint-reformer Srimanta Sankardeva in the 15th century.
• Originally, Sattriya was performed as a form of worship in these monastic institutions, known as naamghars, where the dances were performed as part of religious rituals and storytelling.
• Odissi is a classical dance form that originated in the state of Odisha, located in eastern India.
• It is one of the oldest surviving dance forms in India and has a rich history dating back over 2,000 years.
• Odissi is known for its lyrical movements, graceful postures, and expressive storytelling.
• Odissi dance is primarily based on the ancient treatise called the Natya Shastra, which codifies the principles of Indian classical dance and drama.
• It incorporates elements of rhythm, melody, expression, and gesture to portray various emotions, mythological stories, and devotional themes.

The correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

• Mihir Sen was the first Indian to conquer the English Channel from Dover to Calais in 1958.
• He was also the first Asian to achieve this feat. In 1966, he became the only person to swim the oceans of the five continents in one calendar year.
• His incredible achievements in the world of swimming made him a renowned figure in India and internationally.

Additional Information

• Ramanathan Krishnan was an Indian tennis player.
• He is considered one of India's greatest tennis players and achieved significant success during his career.
• Krishnan reached the semifinals of Wimbledon in 1960 and 1961, becoming the first Indian to reach the semifinals of a Grand Slam tournament.
• Khashaba Jadhav, also known as K. D. Jadhav, was an Indian wrestler and the first Indian to win an individual Olympic medal in an individual sport.
• He was born on January 15, 1926, in Maharashtra, India.
• Jadhav competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland, in the bantamweight category of freestyle wrestling.

The correct answer is Mangalyaan.

Key Points

• The Reserve Bank of India is introducing new design banknotes in the denomination of ₹2000 as part of Mahatma Gandhi(New) Series. The new denomination has motif of the Mangalyaan on the reverse, depicting the country's first venture in interplanetary space.
• The base colour of the note is magenta. The note has other designs, geometric patterns aligning with the overall colour scheme, both on the obverse and the reverse.
• The size of the new note is 66mm x 166mm.

Additional Information

• The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) or Mangalyaan, is a space probe launched by the Indian Space Research Organization on November 5, 2013.
• Mangalyaan was India's first interplanetary mission.
• The indigenously-built space probe has reached the Martian orbit on 24 September 2014.
• The mission made India the first Asian country, and the fourth in the world after Roscosmos, NASA, and the European Space Agency, to get to the planet.
• ISRO spent $75 million to launch the mission, making it the least-expensive Mars mission to date.

The correct answer is Narendra Modi.

Key Points

• India's first aircraft carrier INS Vikrant  commissioned into the Navy by Narendra Modi at an event in Kochi on September 2.
• The commissioning of the indigenously-built aircraft carrier INS Vikrant will contribute in ensuring peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region, besides enhancing the country's overall maritime capabilities.
• The aircraft carrier, built at a cost of around Rs 20,000 crore, successfully completed the fourth and final phase of the sea trials last month.
• With the construction of 'Vikrant', India has joined a select group of nations having the niche capability to indigenously design and build an aircraft carrier.
• The ship has over 2,300 compartments, designed for a crew of around 1700 people, including specialised cabins to accommodate women officers.
• It has a top speed of around 28 knots and a cruising speed of 18 knots with an endurance of about 7,500 nautical miles.

Additional Information

• The project (INS Vikrant) has been implemented under the three phases of contract between the ministry of defence and Cochin Shipyard Ltd, beginning May 2007. The ship's keel was laid in February 2009.
• The aircraft carrier is 262 metres long, 62 metres wide and it has a height of 59 metres. It is powered by four gas turbines totalling 88 MW power and has a maximum speed of 28 Knots.

The correct answer is Tropic of Cancer.

Key Points

• The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight states in India: Gujarat (Jasdan), Rajasthan (Kalinjarh), Madhya Pradesh (Shajapur), Chhattisgarh (Sonhat), Jharkhand (Lohardaga), West Bengal (Krishnanagar), Tripura (Udaipur), and Mizoram (Champhai).
• The Tropic of Cancer is a parallel of latitude on the Earth, 23.5 degrees north of the equator.
• Mahi River is the only river in India that cuts the Tropic of Cancer twice, first in Madhya Pradesh from where it flows towards Rajasthan and enters Gujarat where it cuts for the second time.

Additional Information Equator

• It is an imaginary line around the middle of a planet or other celestial body.
• It is halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole, at 0 degrees latitude.
• An equator divides the planet into a Northern Hemisphere and a Southern Hemisphere.

Tropic of Capricorn

• This latitude corresponds to the southernmost declination of the Sun's ecliptic to the celestial equator.
• Latitude approximately 23°27′ S of the terrestrial Equator.

Arctic Circle

• Arctic Circle, parallel, or line of latitude around the Earth, at approximately 66°30′ N.

The correct answer is Ashoka.

Key Points

Ashoka

• Ashoka also is known as "Devanampiya".
• Piyadasi was the son of Mauryan Emperor Bindusara and was born in 304 BC.
• His reign lasted from 268 BC to 232 BC.
• Once he became King, he started expanding his empires by conquest, in the ninth year of his reign he waged a war with Kalinga (present-day Odisha).
• Ashoka's 13th Rock edicts describe the Kalinga war.
• Source of Information about Ashoka:
• There are two main sources - 
• Buddhist sources
• Ashoka's edicts
• Ashoka's inscription can be classified into three - 
• Pillar edicts
• Major rock edicts
• Minor rock edicts
• Ashoka uses his name only in four of these places namely 
• Maski
• Brahma Giri (Karnataka)
• Gujjara (MP)
• Nettur (AP)

Additional Information

• Bindusara 
• Bindusara was the son of Chandragupta Maurya and father of the King Ashok.
• He ascended the throne in 298 BC after his father.
• He had so many names mentioned in the various text.
• Brihadratha
• The last king of the Maurya dynasty was Brihadratha.
• The last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha, was assassinated in 185 BC by his commander-in-chief, Pushyamitra Sunga.
• Sunga Dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Sunga.
• Pushyamitra was succeeded by his son Agnimitra, the hero of Kalidasa’s drama Malavikagnimitra.
• Chandragupta Maurya
• Chandragupta Maurya ascended the throne at the age of 25.
• Chandragupta Maurya established the Mauryan Empire by defeating the Nandas.
• He defeated the last Nanda ruler Dhanananda and occupied Pataliputra in 322 BC.
• Chandragupta Maurya was supported by a wise man named Chanakya/Kautilya.
• In 305 BC, Chandragupta Maurya defeated Seleucus Nikator.

The correct answer is 1881.

Key Points

• A census is an official systematic survey of the population of a country.
• Census is a process of collecting, compiling, analyzing, evaluating, publishing and disseminating statistical data regarding the population of a country.
• It covers demographic, social and economic data.
• The first complete Census was taken in India in 1881 under British Viceroy Ripon.
• Lord Mayo was the Viceroy of India from 1869 to 1872.
• A systematic and modern population census, in its present form was conducted non- synchronously between 1865 and 1872 in different parts of the country.
• This effort culminating in 1872 has been popularly labeled as the first population census of India.
• However, the first synchronous census in India was held in 1881.
• Since then, censuses have been undertaken uninterruptedly once in every ten years.

Hence, we can conclude that the first complete Census was taken in India in 1881.

The correct answer is Rishabh Pant.

Key Points

• Uttarakhand CM Pushkar Singh Dhami on 11 August 2022 named cricketer Rishabh Pant as the brand ambassador of the state.
• Pant was born in Roorkee in Uttarakhand’s Haridwar district.
• He plays as a middle-order wicket-keeper-batter for the Indian cricket team.
• In IPL, he represents Delhi Capitals and is captain of the team.

Additional Information

• ​Uttarakhand, a state in northern India crossed by the Himalayas, is known for its Hindu pilgrimage sites.
• Rishikesh, a major centre for yoga study, was made famous by the Beatles’ 1968 visit.
• The city hosts the evening Ganga Aarti, a spiritual gathering on the sacred Ganges River.
• The state's forested Jim Corbett National Park shelters Bengal tigers and other native wildlife.
• Uttarakhand:
• Formation: 9 November 2000
• Governor: Gurmit Singh
• Chief Minister: Pushkar Singh Dhami
• Capital: Gairsain (summer), Dehradun (winter)

The correct answer is the Elected Members of both Houses of Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies. 

Key Points

• ​Under Article 324 of the Constitution of India, the authority to conduct elections to the Office of President is vested in the Election Commission of India.
• The President of India is elected by the electoral college which consists of Elected members of both the houses of parliament.
• The elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of Delhi and Pondicherry have been authorized to be the part of Electoral College by the 70th Amendment of 1992.​​

Additional Information

• Under Article 61 of the constitution, the president may also be removed before the expiry of the term through impeachment for violating the Constitution of India by the Parliament of India.
• The process may start in either of the two houses of the parliament.
• The Powers of the President-​
• Serve as commander in chief of the armed forces.
• Commission officers of the armed forces.
• Grant reprieves and pardons for federal offenses (except impeachment)
• Convene Congress in special sessions.
• Receive ambassadors.
• Take care that the laws be faithfully executed.
• Wield the "executive power"

The correct answer is Pola Festival.

Key Points

• Pola Festival
• Pola Festival is a thanksgiving festival celebrated by farmers in Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh, to acknowledge the importance of bulls and oxen, who are a crucial part of agriculture and farming activities.
• It falls on the day of the Pithori Amavasya in the month of Shraavana.

Additional Information

• Makar Sankranti:
• It is celebrated in January every year and marks the end of the Winter season and the beginning of a new harvest season.
• The festival is dedicated to Lord Sun.
• On this day, the sun enters the zodiac sign of Capricorn or Makar which marks the end of winter months and the beginning of longer days.
• Gudi Padwa
• Gudi Padwa is celebrated on the first day of the month of Chaitra, according to the Hindu calendar.
• Indians celebrate the festival of Gudi Padwa marking the arrival of spring and which coincides with the start of the New Year for Marathi and Konkani Hindus in the subcontinent.
• It is celebrated in the state of Maharashtra and Goa.
• The festival is also known as Samvatsar Padvo.
• The Gudi symbolizes Lord Rama's victory over Ravana.
• ​Kala Ghoda Arts Festival
• The Kala Ghoda Arts Festival is an annual arts festival held in Kala Ghoda, a historic district of South Mumbai, India.
• The festival is held over nine days, commencing always on the first Saturday of February and closing is always on the second Sunday in February.
• The festival was founded in 1999 by the Kala Ghoda Association, a non-profit organization that promotes the arts in Mumbai

The correct answer is 395.

Key Points:

• Indian Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and became effective on 26 January 1950.
• There were 395 articles 8 schedules originally in the Constitution of India.
• Prem Behari Narain Raizada wrote the Indian Constitution by hand.
• Dr. BR Ambedkar is known as the father of the Indian Constitution.

Additional Information:

• The Indian Constitution was prepared in 2 years 11 months 18 days.
• It was decided to declare 26 November as Constitution Day.
• The National Flag of India was adopted on 22 July 1947.
• The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2 : 3.
• The National Flag has 24 spokes.

The correct answer is Increase in production of Food Grains

**Key Points:**Seventh Five-Year Plan

• Its duration was from 1985 to 1990, under the leadership of Rajiv Gandhi.
• The objectives of this plan include the establishment of a self-sufficient economy, opportunities for productive employment, and up-gradation of technology.
• The Plan aimed at accelerating food grain production, increasing employment opportunities & raising productivity with a focus on ‘food, work & productivity.
• For the first time, the private sector got priority over the public sector.
• Its growth target was 5.0% but it achieved 6.01%.​

Additional Information:

• The first five-year plan in India was launched in 1951 and since then, India has witnessed twelve Five Year Plans.
• The present government had however discontinued the Five-year plan system and a new mechanism was put into place.
• The decades-old Five-Year Plans was replaced by a three-year action plan, which will be part of a seven-year strategy paper and a 15-year vision document.
• The Niti Aayog has replaced the Planning Commission in the Modi Cabinet and launched three-year action plans from April 1, 2017, onwards.

Correct Answer Bryophytes

**Key Points:**Bryophyta

• These are small terrestrial plants.
• They show differentiation in the body design, with stem, leaf-like structures, and root-like structures.
• "Moss" and "Marchantia" are both types of plants belonging to the division Bryophyta.
• Bryophyta is one of the divisions or phyla of non-vascular plants, which also include liverworts (such as Marchantia) and hornworts.
• Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are all grouped under the division Bryophyta.

Pteridophyta

• ​Plants from this group have well-developed roots, stems and leaves and separate tissues for the conduction of food and water. But, they do not bear flowers and fruits.
• They reproduce with the help of spores formed along the back or posterior surface of their leaves.
• Examples- ferns like Nephrolepis, Marsilea, Pteris, Adiantum, Equisetum, Selaginella, Lycopodium, etc.

Additional InformationConcept-

• Kingdom plants are divided into five groups- Thallophytes, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.
• The gymnosperms (gymnos : naked, Sperma: seeds) are planted in which the ovules are not enclosed by any ovary wall and remain exposed, both before and after fertilization.
• The seeds that develop post-fertilization, are not covered, i.e., are naked.
• Gymnosperms include medium-sized trees or tall trees and shrubs.
• The leaves in gymnosperms are well-adapted to withstand extremes of temperature, humidity, and wind.
• The characteristics of Gymnosperms-
• They do not produce flowers.
• Seeds are not formed inside a fruit.
• They are not differentiated into an ovary, style, and stigma.
• Since stigma is not present, they are pollinated directly by the wind.
• Examples of gymnosperms are- Cycas, pinus, etc.

Explanation-

Professor Divya Darshan(D.D) Pant has divide gymnosperms into three divisions.

Additional Information

• Carolus Linnaeus gave the two kingdom system classification.
• Plantae and Animalia.
• R.H. Whittaker proposed a five-kingdom classification.
• Monera, protista, fungi, plantae and anamalia.

The correct answer is non-redeemable

Key Points:

• There is a constitutional requirement in India (Article 112) to present before the Parliament a statement of estimated receipts and expenditures of the government in respect of every financial year which runs from 1 April to 31 March.
• This ‘Annual Financial Statement’ constitutes the main budget document.
• Therefore, the budget comprises of the-Revenue Budget and the Capital Budget.
• The Revenue Budget shows the current receipts of the government and the expenditure that can be met from these receipts.
• Revenue receipts are receipts of the government which are non-redeemable, that is, they cannot be reclaimed from the government.
• They are divided into tax and non-tax revenues.
• They can not be claimed by the government under special circumstances.

The correct answer is Article 20 and 21.

Key Points 

• The only two fundamental rights that cannot be rescinded are articles 20 and 21.
• Article 20: This Article prohibits self-incrimination.
• Article 21: This Article guards an individual's right to life and personal liberty.
• Fundamental rights during National Emergency:
• Articles 358 and 359 describe the effect of a National Emergency on Fundamental Rights.
• These two provisions are explained below:
• Suspension of Fundamental Rights under Article 19:
• According to Article 358, when a proclamation of National Emergency is made, the six fundamental rights under Article 19 are automatically suspended.
• Article 19 is automatically revived after the expiry of the emergency.
• The 44th Amendment Act laid out that Article 19 can only be suspended when the National Emergency is laid on the grounds of war or external aggression and not in the case of armed rebellion.

Additional Information

• Suspension of other Fundamental Rights:
• Under Article 359, the President is authorized to suspend, by order, the right to move any court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights during a National Emergency.
• Thus, remedial measures are suspended and not Fundamental Rights.
• The suspension of enforcement relates to only those Fundamental Rights that are specified in the Presidential Order.
• The suspension could be for the period during the operation of an emergency or for a shorter period.
• The Order should be laid before each House of Parliament for approval.
• The 44 Amendment Act mandates that the President cannot suspend the right to move to the court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Articles 20 and 21.

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points

• Karnataka is the largest coffee-producing state in India.
• After Karnataka, the next state which accounts for the highest share of coffee production in India is Kerala.
• Kerala produces around 21% of India’s coffee.
• Both Karnataka and Kerala together account for around 90% of the total coffee produced in India.
• The third highest coffee-producing state in India is Tamil Nadu which accounts for 5% of the total coffee produced in India.
• Coffee is also grown in Northeastern India, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh.
• The most well-known species of coffee grown in India are Robusta and Arabica.
• Arabica coffee species was introduced in the Baba Budan Giri hill ranges of Karnataka in the 17th century.
• Coffee from India is exported to other countries such as Germany, France, Russia, Spain, Slovenia, Belgium, Netherlands, Greece, the USA, and the United Kingdom.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Samarth Scheme.

Key Points

• About Samarth Scheme
• The Ministry of Textiles is implementing the Samarth-Scheme for Capacity Building in the Textiles Sector.
• It is a placement-oriented programme targeting the skill development of 10 lakh youth in the entire value chain of textiles, excluding Spinning & Weaving in the organized Sector.
• Implementing Agencies
• Ministry of textiles
• Institutions/Organizations of the Ministry of Textiles/State Governments having training infrastructure and placement tie-ups with the textile industry.
• Reputed training institutions/ NGOs/ Societies/ Trusts/ Organizations/ Companies /Start-Ups / Entrepreneurs active in the textile sector having placement tie-ups with the textile industry.

Additional Information

• Features of the SAMARTH Scheme
• Training of Trainers (ToT),
• Aadhar Enabled Biometric Attendance System (AEBAS),
• CCTV recording of the training programme,
• dedicated call centre with a helpline number,
• mobile app-based Management,
• Information System (MIS) and
• on-line monitoring of the training process.
• Objectives
• To provide demand-driven, placement-oriented National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF) compliant skilling programmes to incentivize and supplement the efforts of the industry in creating jobs in the organized textile and related sectors, covering the entire value chain of textile, excluding Spinning and Weaving.
• To promote skilling and skill up-gradation in the traditional sectors of handlooms, handicrafts, sericulture and jute.
• To enable the provision of sustainable livelihood either by wage or self-employment to all sections of the society across the country.

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points 

• Vijay Hazare Trophy:
• The Vijay Hazare Trophy, also known as the Ranji One-Day Trophy, is an annual limited-overs cricket domestic competition involving state teams from the Ranji Trophy plates organised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
• The tournament was started in the 2002-03 season and is named after the legendary twentieth-century Indian cricketer Vijay Hazare.
• Tamil Nadu is the most successful team having won the trophy five times.
• The 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy was the 16th season of the Vijay Hazare Trophy, a List A cricket tournament in India.
• It was contested by the 28 domestic cricket teams of India.
• In the first semi-final, Karnataka beat Maharashtra by 9 wickets to advance to the final.
• In the second semi-final, Saurashtra beat Andhra by 59 runs to progress.
• In the final, Karnataka beat Saurashtra by 41 runs to win the tournament.
• Karnataka's Mayank Agarwal scored 723 runs during the tournament and scored 2,141 runs across all formats, the highest total by any batsman in an Indian domestic season.

Additional Information

Shortcut Trick

Use the direct relation between Cost Price (CP) and Marked Price (MP).

Ratio formula: CP ÷ MP = (100 − Discount%) ÷ (100 + Profit%).

CP ÷ 2,400 = (100 − 40) ÷ (100 + 20) = 60 ÷ 120 = 1 ÷ 2.

2 units = 2,400 ⇒ 1 unit = 1,200.

∴ The correct answer is ₹1,200.

Alternate Method

Given: MP = ₹2,400, Discount = 40%, Profit = 20%. Formulas: SP = MP × (100 − D%) ÷ 100 | CP = SP × 100 ÷ (100 + P%).

⇒ Selling Price (SP) = 2,400 × (100 − 40) ÷ 100

⇒ SP = 2,400 × 60 ÷ 100 = ₹1,440

⇒ Cost Price (CP) = SP × 100 ÷ (100 + 20)

⇒ CP = 1,440 × 100 ÷ 120 = 12 × 100 = ₹1,200

∴ The correct answer is ₹1,200.

Additional Information

Marked Price & Discount

Marked Price is the price printed on the label. Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price.

CP-MP Relation

The ratio CP:MP = (100 − D%) : (100 + P%) is very useful for competitive exams to save time when Profit and Discount are both provided.

Given:

A man covers a certain distance on a scooter driving at 64 km/h.

He returns to the starting point riding on a bicycle at 16 km/h.

Formula used:

Formula:

Average speed = 2s1s2/(s1+s2)

Solution:

Average speed = 2s1s2/(s1+s2)

(2 × 64 × 16)/(64 + 16)

25.6 km/h

∴ The answer is 25.6 km/h.

Shortcut Trick

Equate work: 5 Women × 8 days = 8 Children × 10 days ⇒ 40W = 80C ⇒ 1 Woman = 2 Children.

Convert group to single unit: 2 Women + 4 Children = 2(2 Children) + 4 Children = 8 Children.

Since 8 children complete the work in 10 days, the group of 8 children will also take 10 days.

∴ The correct answer is 10 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by 5 women = 8 days

Time taken by 8 children = 10 days

Formula Used:

Total Work = Number of persons × Efficiency × Days

Calculations:

⇒ Efficiency of 1 woman = Group efficiency ÷ Number of women = 10 ÷ 5 = 2 units/day

⇒ Efficiency of 1 child = Group efficiency ÷ Number of children = 8 ÷ 8 = 1 unit/day

⇒ Total efficiency of (2 women + 4 children) = (2 × 2) + (4 × 1)

⇒ Total efficiency = 4 + 4 = 8 units/day

⇒ Number of days required = Total Work ÷ Total Efficiency = 80 ÷ 8 = 10 days

∴ The correct answer is 10 days.

Additional Information

Efficiency and Time Relation

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken. If the efficiency ratio is a:b, the time ratio will be b:a.

Man-Day-Hour Formula

For different groups performing work: (M₁×D₁×H₁)/W₁ = (M₂×D₂×H₂)/W₂, where M=Men, D=Days, H=Hours, and W=Work.

Work and Wages

Wages are always distributed in the ratio of work done, which is equivalent to the ratio of efficiencies if everyone works for the same time.

Given:

Diameter of the cylinder = 14 cm

Height of the cylinder = 2 cm

π = 22/7

Formula used:

The curved surface area of a cylinder = 2πrh

Total surface area of a cylinder = 2πr(r + h)

Solution:

Curved surface area = 2πrh

= 2 × 22/7 × 7 × 2

= 44 × 2

= 88 cm²

Total surface area = 2πr(r + h)

= 2 × 22/7 × 7(7 + 2)

= 44 × 9

= 396 cm²

Sum of the surface areas = 88 cm² + 396 cm²

= 484 cm²

∴ Option 1 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

The fourth proportional (x) to three numbers a, b, and c is given by x = (b × c) / a.

Here, a = √6, b = √8, and c = √21.

x = (√8 × √21) / √6 = √(8 × 21 / 6) = √28.

x = 2√7.

∴ The correct answer is 2√7.

Alternate Method

Given:

First term (a) = √6

Second term (b) = √8

Third term (c) = √21

Formula:

For four numbers to be in proportion, the ratio of the first two must equal the ratio of the last two: a : b = c : d.

Calculations:

⇒ √6 : √8 = √21 : x

⇒ √6 / √8 = √21 / x

⇒ x × √6 = √8 × √21

⇒ x = (√8 × √21) / √6

⇒ x = √((8 × 21) / 6)

⇒ x = √(168 / 6)

⇒ x = √28

⇒ x = √(4 × 7)

⇒ x = 2√7

∴ The correct answer is 2√7.

Additional Information

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional between two numbers a and b is √(a × b).

Third Proportional

The third proportional to two numbers a and b is given by x = b² / a.

Continued Proportion

Three numbers a, b, c are in continued proportion if a/b = b/c, which implies b² = ac.

Given:

A can paint a painting in 12 days.

B can paint the same in 8 days.

C can paint the same in 10 days.

Concept Used:

Work = Time × Efficiency

Calculation:

Total work = LCM(12, 8, 10) = 120

Efficiency of A = 120/12 = 10

Efficiency of B = 120/8 = 15

Efficiency of C = 120/10 = 12

According to question,

A if he is accompanied by both B and C together on alternate days. A start alone on first day.

Work completed in 2 days = 47

Work completed in 4 days = 47 × 2 = 94

Work completed in 5 days = 94 + 10 = 104

Remaining work = 16

Time to complete 16 units of work by three of them = 16/37 = 0.4 days

Total number of days required to complete the work = 5 + 0.4 = 5.4 days

∴ Option 2 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Effective Growth Rate for 2 years at 3% per annum = 3 + 3 + (3 × 3)/100 = 6.09%.

Present Population percentage = 100% + 6.09% = 106.09%.

Given, 106.09% of initial population = 21218.

Initial population (100%) = (21218 ÷ 106.09) × 100 = 200 × 100 = 20000.

∴ The correct answer is 20000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Present Population (A) = 21218

Annual Growth Rate (R) = 3%

Time Period (n) = 2 years

Formula Used:

A = P × (1 + R/100)ⁿ

Calculations:

⇒ Let the population of bears two years ago be P.

⇒ 21218 = P × (1 + 3/100)²

⇒ 21218 = P × (103/100) × (103/100)

⇒ 21218 = P × (1.03)²

⇒ 21218 = P × 1.0609

⇒ P = 21218 ÷ 1.0609

⇒ P = 20000

∴ The correct answer is 20000.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change

For two successive changes of a% and b%, the net percentage change is given by [a + b + (ab/100)]%.

Population Growth Formula

If a population grows at a constant rate R% per annum, the population after n years is P_n = P₀(1 + R/100)ⁿ.

Population Decrease (Depreciation)

If the population decreases at a constant rate R% per annum, the population after n years is P_n = P₀(1 − R/100)ⁿ.

Given:

Income = ₹95,000

Expenditure = ₹75,000

Formula used:

Percentage increase in saving = (Increase in saving / Original saving) × 100

Solution:

Saving = 95000 - 75000 = 20000

Increase in income = 18% of ₹95,000 = 18/100 × 95,000 = ₹17,100

Increased Income = 112100

Increase in expenditure = 12% of ₹75,000 = 12/100 × 75,000 = ₹9,000

Increased in expenditure = 84000

New saving = ₹112100 - ₹84000 = ₹ 28100

Percentage increase in saving = (28,100 - 20,000)/20,000 × 100 = 40.5%

Therefore, the percentage increase in the person's savings is 40.5%.

Shortcut Trick

Profit of 18% means CP : SP ratio is 100 : 118.

Simplify the ratio: 50 : 59.

Given 59 units = Rs. 2,832.

1 unit = 2,832 ÷ 59 = Rs. 48.

CP = 50 units = 50 × 48 = Rs. 2,400.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 2,400.

Alternate Method

Given: Selling Price (SP) = Rs. 2,832, Profit % = 18%.

Formula: CP = [SP ÷ (100 + Profit%)] × 100

⇒ CP = [2,832 ÷ (100 + 18)] × 100

⇒ CP = [2,832 ÷ 118] × 100

⇒ CP = 24 × 100

⇒ CP = Rs. 2,400

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 2,400.

Additional Information

Cost Price and Selling Price Relation

When there is a profit, SP = CP + Profit. If profit is given in percentage, SP = CP × (1 + P/100).

Calculation Tip

To find CP from SP quickly, multiply SP by the reciprocal of the profit factor: CP = SP × (100 ÷ 118).

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹80,000

Amount (A) = ₹1,17,128

Rate of interest (r) = 10% per annum

We need to find the time (t) in years.

Formula Used:

$A = P × (1 + r\%)^{(t)}$

Calculation:

1,17,128/80,000 = (1 + 10/100)ⁿ

1,17,128/80,000 = (11/10)ⁿ

(11/10)ⁿ = 14641/10,000 

(11/10)n​ = (11/10)⁴

n = 4

∴ Option 1 is the correct answer.

Given:

The bells start commencing together at 9 AM.

The bells ring at intervals of 12 seconds, 18 seconds, 24 seconds, 36 seconds, and 45 seconds.

Formula used:

The least common multiple of two or more integers is the smallest number that is a multiple of all of the integers.

Solution:

The least common multiple of 12, 18, 24, 36, and 45 is 360.

This means that the bells will ring together again after 360 seconds.

In 6 min has 360 sec, then The bell ring together in 9:06 AM.

Since there are 60 seconds in a minute, the bells will ring together again at 9:06 AM.

Given:

A spends 45% of his salary on food

A donates 5% of his salary to old age homes

The total amount A spends on food and old age homes is Rs. 28,500

Calculation:

Let's denote the salary of A as 'S'.

From the given information, we know that the amount of money A

spends on food and old age homes is 45% + 5% = 50% of his salary.

Therefore, we can say that:

50% of S = Rs. 28,500

To find S (the salary of A), we can rewrite this equation as:

S = Rs. 28,500/50%

Calculating this gives:

S = Rs. 57,000

Therefore, the salary of A is Rs. 57,000.

Shortcut Trick

Equating Volumes: r_cyl² × h_cyl = (1/3) × r_cone² × h_cone

r_cyl² × 45 = (1/3) × 9 × 9 × 15 = 405

r_cyl² = 405 / 45 = 9 ⇒ r_cyl = 3 cm

Diameter of cylinder = 2 × 3 = 6 cm

∴ The correct option is D.

Alternate Method

Given:

Radius of cone (r₁) = 9 cm

Height of cone (h₁) = 15 cm

Height of cylinder (h₂) = 45 cm

h=15 r=9 Cone

Melted

H=45 D=? Cylinder

Formula used:

Volume of cone = (1/3) × π × r² × h

Volume of cylinder = π × R² × H

Calculation:

⇒ Volume of cylinder = Volume of cone

⇒ π × r₂² × 45 = (1/3) × π × 9² × 15

⇒ r₂² × 45 = (1/3) × 81 × 15

⇒ r₂² × 45 = 27 × 15

⇒ r₂² = 405 / 45

⇒ r₂² = 9

⇒ r₂ = √9 = 3 cm

⇒ Diameter (d) = 2 × r₂ = 2 × 3 = 6 cm

∴ The correct option is D.

Additional Information

Volume Invariance Rule

When a solid is melted and recast into another solid shape, the volume remains constant: V_old = V_new.

Cylinder Formulas

Volume = πr²h | Curved Surface Area = 2πrh | Total Surface Area = 2πr(r + h).

Cone Formulas

Volume = (1/3)πr²h | Slant Height l = √(r² + h²) | Curved Surface Area = πrl.

Given:

 

Formula used:

Average Speed = Total Distance/Total Time

Calculation

Total Distance = 20 km (A) + 15 km (B) + 10 km (C) + 24 km (D)

Total Distance = 69 km

Time taken in way A = 20 km/5 km/h = 4 hours

Time taken in way B = 15 km/3 km/h = 5 hours

Time taken in way C = 10 km/2 km/h = 5 hours

Time taken in way D = 24 km/4 km/h = 6 hours

Total Time = 4 hours (A) + 5 hours (B) + 5 hours (C) + 6 hours (D)

Total Time = 20 hours

Now we can calculate the average speed:

Average Speed = Total Distance/Total Time

Average Speed = 69 km/20 hours = 3.45 km/h

Therefore, the average speed during the whole journey is 3.45 km/h.

Given:

Cost Price (CP) of the car = ₹3,50,000

Selling Price (SP) of the car = ���4,35,000

Formula Used:

Profit% = (Profit/CP) × 100

Calculation:

So, Divya's profit is:

Profit = ₹4,35,000 - ₹3,50,000 = ₹85,000

The formula to calculate profit percentage is:

Profit% = (Profit/CP) × 100

So, Divya's profit percentage is:

Profit% = (₹85,000/₹3,50,000) × 100 = 24.3%

∴ Option 2 is the correct answer.

Given:

(5x - 2y) ∶ (x - 2y) = 9 ∶ 17

Calculation:

The given ratio can be written as:

(5x - 2y)/(x - 2y) = 9/17

17 × (5x - 2y) = 9 × (x - 2y)

85x - 34y = 9x - 18y

76x = 16y

x/y = 16/76

x/y = 4/19

9 × (4/19)/13 = 36/247

So, 9x/13y = 36/247.

Shortcut Trick

When Distance is constant, Speed is inversely proportional to Time (S ∝ 1/T).

Speed ratio (Original : New) = 1 : 1/2 = 2 : 1.

Time ratio (Original : New) = Inverse of speed ratio = 1 : 2.

Original time (1 unit) = 5 h.

More time taken = New time − Original time = 2 units − 1 unit = 1 unit.

Value of 1 unit = 5 h.

∴ The correct answer is 5 h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total Distance = 240 km

Initial Time = 5 h

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time | Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Usual Speed = 240 ÷ 5 = 48 kmph

⇒ New Speed = 48 ÷ 2 = 24 kmph

⇒ New Time taken = 240 ÷ 24 = 10 h

⇒ Extra time = New Time − Initial Time

⇒ Extra time = 10 − 5 = 5 h

∴ The correct answer is 5 h.

Additional Information

Speed-Time Relationship

When distance is fixed, if the speed is multiplied by a factor n, the time is multiplied by 1/n.

Unit Conversion

To convert Speed from kmph to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to kmph, multiply by 18/5.

Average Speed

If a journey is divided into two equal distances with speeds x and y, Average Speed = 2xy ÷ (x + y).

Given:

X bought 40 pencils for a total of Rs. 180.

X bought 2 dozen (24 units) pens for Rs. 180.

Calculation:

Let's denote the price of one pencil as 'P' and the price of one pen as 'Q'.

For Pencil

180 = 40 × P

So, we can calculate the price of one pencil as:

P = 180/40 = Rs. 4.5

For Pen

180 = 24 × Q

So, the price of one pen is:

Q = 180/24 = Rs. 7.5

Difference = 7.5 - 4.5 = Rs. 3

Therefore, the difference between the price of one pen and one pencil is Rs. 3.

Concept Used:

A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself.

Calculation:

The prime numbers between 40 and 50 are 41, 43, and 47. So, there are 3 prime numbers between 40 and 50.

∴ Option 3 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Using the direct ratio relation: MP / CP = (100 − Loss%) / (100 − Discount%)

⇒ 72000 / CP = (100 − 10) / (100 − 20) = 90 / 80 = 9 / 8

⇒ Cost Price (CP) = 72000 × 8 ÷ 9 = &rupee;64000

⇒ Desired Selling Price to gain &rupee;440 = 64000 + 440 = &rupee;64440

⇒ Required Discount % = [(72000 − 64440) ÷ 72000] × 100 = (7560 ÷ 72000) × 100 = 10.5%

∴ The correct answer is 10.5%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price (MP) = &rupee;72000

Initial Discount = 20%

Initial Loss = 10%

Desired Gain = &rupee;440

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = MP × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100

Cost Price (CP) = SP × 100 ÷ (100 − Loss%)

Discount % = [(MP − SP) ÷ MP] × 100

Calculations:

⇒ Initial SP = 72000 × (100 − 20) ÷ 100 = 72000 × 0.8 = &rupee;57600

⇒ CP = 57600 × 100 ÷ (100 − 10) = 57600 × 100 ÷ 90 = &rupee;64000

⇒ New SP for a gain of &rupee;440 = CP + Gain = 64000 + 440 = &rupee;64440

⇒ New Discount = MP − New SP = 72000 − 64440 = &rupee;7560

⇒ Required Discount % = (7560 ÷ 72000) × 100 = 10.5%

CP = ₹64000

SP = ₹64440

MP = ₹72000

• ₹440 Gain

• ₹7560 Disc.

Discount % = (7560 / 72000) × 100 = 10.5%

∴ The correct answer is 10.5%.

Additional Information

Marked Price & Cost Price Relation

The direct ratio between Marked Price (MP) and Cost Price (CP) is computed as MP / CP = (100 ± Profit/Loss%) ÷ (100 − Discount%).

Successive Discounts

If two successive discounts of a% and b% are given, the equivalent single discount percentage is (a + b − a×b ÷ 100)%.

Dishonest Dealer Formula

When a dealer sells goods at cost price but uses a false weight, the actual Profit % = (True Weight − False Weight) ÷ False Weight × 100.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• The correct spelling is "chronological order."
• The word "chronological" relates to arranging events, items, or actions in the order they occurred in time.
• The sentence describes the concept of organizing events based on their chronological sequence.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'The events arranged or organised in order of time are known as chronological order.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Bold'. 

Key Points

• The word "timid" means showing a lack of courage, confidence, or assertiveness; easily frightened or hesitant in the face of challenges or risks.(डरपोक)
• Bold: This word means showing courage or confidence, willing to take risks or confront challenges.(साहसिक)
• It is the opposite of timid, making it the correct antonym in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Bold'.

Additional Information

• Explanation of the other given words:
• Diffident: This word means lacking confidence or being hesitant and self-doubting. (आत्मविश्वासहीन)
• Shy: This word describes a tendency to be reserved or uncomfortable in social situations.(शर्मीला)
• Fearful: This word means feeling afraid or having a strong sense of fear.(भयभीत)

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Blast'.

Key Points

• Blast means a powerful explosion or a sudden release of energy (विस्फोट)
• Blow up means to cause an explosion or to destroy something with an explosion.(विस्फोट होना)
• It is a synonym of "blast" as both imply a sudden release of energy.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Blow up'. 

Additional Information 

• Recall: To bring back or remember something from the past.(याद करना)
• Plead: To make an emotional or earnest appeal or request. (गुज़ारिश करना)
• Share: To divide or distribute something among multiple people.(साझा करना)

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Congratulated'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate option that can substitute the word "regarded" in the given sentence is "congratulated."
• Congratulated: This word means to express joy, pleasure, or acknowledgment to someone for an achievement or success.(बधाई दी)
• In the context of the sentence, it indicates that the speaker expressed their positive feelings towards their brother for passing his graduation examination.
• It implies that the speaker acknowledged the accomplishment and offered their congratulations.
• "Regarded" means to look upon or consider someone in a certain way.(मान्यता)

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'I congratulated my brother on passing his graduation examination.

Additional Information

• Disparaged: This word means to belittle, criticize, or speak negatively about someone or something. (अपमानित)
• Flattered: This word means to praise or compliment someone excessively or insincerely in order to gain favor or manipulate them. (खुश किया)
• Kowtowed: This word means to show excessive subservience or deference to someone, often to an extreme or demeaning extent.(नमस्कार किया)

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Asset'.

Key Points

• "Liability" refers to a legal or financial obligation or responsibility.(दायित्व)
• Asset: This word represents something of value or advantage that is owned or possessed.(संपत्ति)
• The most appropriate antonym of the word "Liability" is "Asset."

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Asset'. 

Additional Information

• Resource: This word refers to a source or supply that can be drawn upon to accomplish a task or achieve a goal. (संसाधन)
• Responsibility: This word refers to the state or duty of being accountable for something, often implying an obligation to fulfill certain tasks or duties.(जिम्मेदारी )
• While "Responsibility" is related to accountability, it does not directly represent the opposite meaning of "Liability."
• Strike: This word refers to a work stoppage or a collective action by workers to protest or demand certain conditions.(हड़ताल )

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Brake'.

Key Points

• Brake: This is the correct homophone that fits the context of the sentence.
• The sentence talks about road accidents and how people break their bones.
• The word "brake" refers to the action of slowing down or stopping a vehicle using the brakes.
• In this context, it implies that the accidents happen because the vehicle's braking system fails.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'In many road accidents people break their bones mainly because their vehicle brake fails'.

Additional Information

• Broke: "Broke" is the past tense of the verb "break," which means to separate into parts or damage something. It does not convey the idea of a vehicle's failure causing accidents.
• Brow: "Brow" refers to the ridge of hair above the eye or the forehead. It has no relation to road accidents or vehicle failure.
• Bleak: "Bleak" means lacking vegetation, desolate, or grim. It does not convey the idea of vehicle failure causing accidents.

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'Match'.

Key Points

• Match: This word is the correct choice for both blanks in the sentence.
• In the context of the sentence, "match" refers to the small stick used for lighting fires.
• Sivakashi is famous for its matchbox industry, indicating that it is known for the production of matches.
• The second blank refers to finding a suitable match (color, style, or design) for the purple dress.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'Sivakashi is famous for its matchbox industry, and I am unable to find a match for my purple dress. 

Additional Information

• Sweat: This word refers to the salty fluid produced by the sweat glands of the skin, usually as a result of physical exertion, heat, or stress.
• Chatter: This word refers to rapid or continuous talking or conversation.
• Bread: This word refers to a staple food made from dough, typically baked or cooked.

These words do not fit the context of the sentence, which is discussing the industry in a specific location and finding an item for a dress.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Lasting'

Key Points

• Lasting: This word means enduring, continuing, or having a long-term impact.(स्थायी)
• It accurately fits the context of the sentence.
• It is emphasizing that the victories of peace and harmony have a more enduring or long-lasting effect on human civilization compared to the victories of war, which are often temporary or fleeting.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'Truthfully speaking, the victories of peace and harmony have a more Lasting impact on human civilization than the so-called victories of war'.

 Additional Information

• Superior: This word means higher in quality, rank, or importance.(उत्कृष्ट)
• While it can be related to the impact on human civilization, it does not directly convey the idea of longevity or duration, which is the focus of the sentence.
• Transient: This word means lasting only for a short time, temporary, or fleeting.(अस्थायी)
• It is the opposite of what the sentence is conveying, as it suggests a short-term impact
• Greater: This word means larger in amount, size, or intensity.(अधिक)
• While it conveys a sense of superiority or significance, it does not explicitly focus on the duration or lasting impact mentioned in the sentence.

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Should not entail sacrificing'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate option to substitute the segment 'could not involve abandoning' in the given sentence 'should not entail sacrificing'.
• The word 'entail' is similar to 'involve', and 'sacrificing' is akin to 'abandoning'.
• This choice fits well in the context of the sentence because the original phrasing expresses the idea that buying affordable furniture does not necessarily mean you have to give up on design or quality.
• The term 'should not' is appropriate here because it implies an expectation or standard, which aligns with the original meaning.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'Purchasing furniture at a low cost should not entail sacrificing design or quality'.

Additional Information

• Now, let's examine why the other options are incorrect.
• 'did not provoke compromising' - This option uses past tense ('did'), which does not fit the present or general truth context of the sentence. Moreover, 'provoke' is not the best fit as it usually means to stimulate or incite to do something, often something negative.
• 'have not done regretting' - The phrase 'have not done regretting' is grammatically incorrect and does not make sense in this context. Regretting is an emotional response, not an action related to the decision-making process of purchasing furniture.
• 'cannot force forgetting' - This option is inappropriate because 'force forgetting' doesn't correlate with the idea of giving up design or quality. Additionally, 'forgetting' implies memory loss, which is not relevant to the context. The concept is not about forgetting design or quality, but rather about not having to sacrifice them when buying low-cost furniture.

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'Conversational'.

Key Points

• The word 'Colloquial' refers to language used in ordinary or familiar conversation; it's not formal or literary.(बोलचाल संबंधी)
• The synonym 'Conversational' also denotes language that is used in informal conversation.(वार्तालापिक)

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Conversational'. 

Additional Information

• Now, let's go through the other options:
• 'Lexical' refers to the vocabulary of a language.(शब्दसंबंधी)
• 'Prosodic' relates to prosody, which is the study of rhythm, intonation, stress, and related attributes in speech.(स्वर संबंधी)
• 'Linguistic' refers to anything related to language or linguistics.(भाषा संबंधी)

The correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is in present tense, and it talks about the availability of multiple facilities for reaching the island.
• When we want to express this in future tense, we use the auxiliary verb "will" before the verb "be" to indicate that the action will happen in the future.
• The correct tense structure for this sentence in the future tense is: "There + will + be + (noun or adjective)".

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'There will be multiple facilities available for reaching the island'.

Additional Information

• Now, let's examine why the other options are incorrect:
• "There have been multiple facilities available for reaching the island." - This sentence is in present perfect tense. It implies that there were multiple facilities in the past, and it's possible that these facilities are still available now.
• "There had been multiple facilities available for reaching the island." - This sentence is in past perfect tense. It indicates that there were multiple facilities available at some point in the past, before another past event.
• "There were multiple facilities available for reaching the island." - This sentence is in past simple tense. It simply states that there were multiple facilities available in the past.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Permenent'.

Key Points

• The incorrectly spelt word here is 'Permenent'.
• The correct spelling is 'permanent'.
• Permanent means Lasting or intended to last or remain unchanged indefinitely.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Permanent'.

Additional Information

• Let's see the meaning of all other given words.
• Maladjusted - Poorly or inadequately adjusted
• Stakeholder - A person, group or organization that has interest or concern in an organization.
• Longitude - A geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Fresh'.

Key Points

• The word 'Rancid' refers to (of foods containing fat or oil) smelling or tasting unpleasant as a result of being old and stale.(सड़ा हुआ)
• Fresh- Recently made, harvested, or collected; not stale or spoiled.(ताजगी)
• 'Fresh' is the opposite of 'Rancid', making it the correct antonym.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Fresh'.

Additional Information

• Now, let's look at the given options:
• Rotten- Decomposed or decayed, making it unfit for eating.(सड़ा हुआ)
• Urgent- Requiring immediate action or attention.(अत्यावश्यक)
• Rough- Having an uneven or irregular surface; not smooth or refined.(रुखा)

The correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Key Points

• The phrase 'At your beck and call' means to be always ready to obey or serve someone, to be continually available to satisfy someone's demands.(आपकी हर आज्ञा का पालन करने के लिए तैयार)
• It implies a situation where you have absolute control over someone, as they are always ready to respond to your demands.
• For example- 'He expects his employees to be at his beck and call day and night.'

Therefore, the correct answer is- 'To have absolute control over someone'.

The correct answer is 'A person who prefers to be awake late at night'.

Key Points

• The term 'night owl' is commonly used to describe a person who naturally tends to stay awake till late at night and is most active during this time.
• It doesn't necessarily mean they work during this time.
• They may simply prefer to be awake and engage in various activities.
• For example- 'She's more mellow than her brother and already proving to be a night owl like her father.'

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'A person who prefers to be awake late at night'.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'are giving'.

Key Points

• The subject of the sentence here is 'companies', which is plural.
• Therefore, the verb that follows should also be plural to agree in number.
• 'Are giving' is the correct form as it is in present tense and agrees with the plural subject 'companies'.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: "The companies in the present era are giving priority, during recruitment, to the candidates who have Emotional Intelligence."

Additional Information

• Let's see why the other options are incorrect:
• 'has been giving'- This form would be correct if the subject were singular (e.g., "The company has been giving"), but 'companies' is plural.
• 'have been given'- This form changes the meaning of the sentence. It would imply that the companies have been given priority, rather than the companies giving priority to something.
• 'is giving'- Similar to option 1, 'is giving' would be correct if the subject were singular, but 'companies' is plural, so we use 'are' instead.

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'Positive'.

Key Points

• The phrase in question describes the impact of possessing very high Emotional Intelligence (EI) on a person's life.
• In the context of the paragraph, having high EI is presented as beneficial and valuable, as it enables better emotional stability, improves interpersonal relationships, and makes leaders more effective.
• Therefore, it's safe to say that EI has a "positive" impact on a person’s life.
• This fits well into the context and maintains the intended meaning.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: EI is the ability to understand, analyze and control emotions. Possessing very high EI creates a positive impact on a person’s life.

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Comfortable'.

Key Points

• Comfortable means providing physical ease and relaxation.(आरामदायक)
• When candidates with high Emotional Intelligence (EI) are able to control their emotions effectively, they create a comfortable environment for others.
• They can remain calm and composed even in socially awkward situations, which helps put others at ease.
• This emotional stability and control contribute to making others feel comfortable around them.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: As they are very good at controlling emotions, they make others feel comfortable. 

Additional Information

• Let's see the meaning of all other options.
• Tolerable means able to be endured.(संतोषजनक)
• Favourable means expressing approval.(अनुकूल)
• Manageable means able to be controlled or dealt with without difficulty (प्रबंधनीय)

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'To communicate'.

Key Points

• The sentence structure in the given paragraph suggests that the missing word should be an infinitive verb phrase.
• The phrase "to communicate" emphasizes the ability of individuals with high Emotional Intelligence (EI) to effectively interact and engage with others.
• It signifies that possessing high EI allows individuals to engage in meaningful and impactful communication with others.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: It allows one to communicate impactfully with others.

Additional Information

• Now let's examine the other answer options and explain why they are incorrect:
• Communicate: This option is not grammatically correct because it lacks the "to" before the verb "communicate."
• To communicating: This option is incorrect because it uses the gerund form "to communicating." Gerunds function as nouns or verbal nouns, and they are not suitable in this context.
• To be communicated: This option is incorrect because it uses the passive voice construction "to be communicated."

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'Among'.

Key Points

• The word "among" is used to indicate a relationship involving more than two people or things.
• In the given context, it implies that individuals with high Emotional Intelligence (EI) strengthen the relationship among the people they interact with and coordinate with, both in personal and professional life.
• It emphasizes the inclusive nature of their influence, contributing to stronger relationships and effective coordination.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: These people strengthen the relationship among the people with their interaction and coordination both in personal and professional life. 

Additional Information

• Now let's analyze the other answer options and explain why they are incorrect:
• "In reference with" implies a more specific or direct association, which does not align with the broader impact of individuals with high EI on relationships.
• between: This option suggests a relationship specifically between two entities. However, the paragraph emphasizes the impact of individuals with high EI on multiple people, indicating a more inclusive relationship "among" a group rather than just "between" two individuals.
• "along with" implies a shared effort or contribution, whereas the paragraph emphasizes the impact of individuals with high EI on others rather than a collaborative effort.

अतिवृष्टि का उचित विलोम शब्‍द "अनावृष्टि" है। अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• भारत मे कहीं अतिवृष्टि से बाढ़ आती है तो कहीं ______ से सूखा पड़ता है।
• रेखांक‍ित शब्‍द का उचित व‍िलोम अनावृष्टि है।

Important Points  कुछ अन्‍य व‍िलोम शब्‍द- 

Additional Information  

शुद्ध वाक्य- "करण खाने के लिए मिठाई लाया।" है। अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• 'करण खाने बीच मिठाई लाया'।। इस वाक्‍य में कारक सम्‍बन्‍धी त्रुटि है।
• शुद्ध वाक्य- "करण खाने के लिए मिठाई लाया।"
• वाक्‍य में सम्‍प्रदान कारक का प्रयोग कि‍या गया है।

Additional Information

"सुनैना से खाना नहीं खाया जाता।" सही भाववाच्‍य का रूपांतरण है। 

Key Points

• 'सुनैना खाना खा रही है'। यह वाक्‍य कर्तृवाच्‍य का है।
• भाववाच्‍य- सुनैना से खाना नहीं खाया जाता।

अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प- 

Additional Information

हिन्‍दी में वाच्‍य के तीन प्रकार है- 

र‍िक्‍त स्‍थान की पूर्ति के ल‍िए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्‍त शब्‍द "नाड़ी" है। 

Key Points

• वैद्य जी नाड़ी देखकर इलाज करते हैं।
• नाड़ी का अर्थ- रक्त वाहिनी शिराएँ, नली।
• अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍पों में द‍िए गए शब्‍दों का प्रयोग करने से सार्थक अर्थ नहीं न‍िकलता है।

अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प- 

Additional Information

• देश में बढ़ता भ्रष्‍टाचार घोर चिन्‍ता का विषय है।
• हमने दर्शक दीर्घा में बैठकर संसद की कार्यवाही देखी।
• ईश्‍वर तुम्‍हारा कल्‍याण करें।
• मस्तिष्क हमें सोचने की अनुमति देता है।

सही उत्तर 'सिफारिश करना' है। अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points 

• टिप्पस लगानामुहावरे का अर्थ है - सिफारिश करना।
• वाक्‍य प्रयोग- आजकल मामूली काम के लिए भी मंत्रियों से टिप्पस लगवाये जाते हैं।

अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प-

Important Points कुछ महत्‍वपूर्ण मुहावरे- 

Additional Information 

गौतम बुद्ध ने पाली भाषा में उपदेश दिया। इस वाक्‍य में पाली शब्‍द का प्रयोग अनुचित क‍िया गया है। 

Key Points

• पाली शब्‍द की शुद्ध वर्तनी पालि है।
• सही वाक्‍य- गौतम बुद्ध ने पाल‍ि भाषा में उपदेश द‍िया।
• अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं।

Important Points

Additional Information 

सही मुहावरा- "किस मर्ज की दवा" है। अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• तुम कि‍स काम के हो! रेखांकित अंश का सही मुहावरा कि‍स मर्ज की दवा है।

Important Pointsअन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प- 

Additional Information