SSC GD Constable (2022) Official Paper (Held On : 07 Feb 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

According to the given information,

Thus, according to the given codes 'me' is the code for the word 'mango'.

Hence, the correct answer is "me".

Logic : (1^st number + 49) = 2^nd number

So,

• 42 : 91

42 + 49 = 91

91 = 91 (LHS = RHS)

And,

• 149 : 198

149 + 49 = 198

198 = 198 (LHS = RHS)

Similarly, 

• 84 : ?

84 + 49 = ?

? = 133

Hence, "133" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :-

From the given three different cubes taking figure 1 and figure 2 ,the adjacent sides are as shown below :

As 3 is common on both figure 1 and figure 2, it is clear that 2, 4, 5 and 6 are adjacent to it and remaining number i.e., 1 will be opposite to it.

Opposite pairs:

4 → 5

2 → 6

1 → 3

So, the opposite side of "3" will be side "1".

Hence, the correct answer is "1".

Given : Seven people, P, Q, R, S, T, U and V are sitting in a straight row, facing north.

Explanation :

1) Only four people sit to the right of P.

2. Only two people sit between P and S.

3) Q is sitting third to the right of V.

4) T is sitting second to the right of V.

5) U is sitting third to the left of T.

After positioning U only one position is left which will be occupied by the only person left i.e R.

Thus, according to the final arrangement R is sitting at the extreme right end of the row.

Hence, "R" is the correct answer.

Logic :

• First and fourth letter → (3) is added to the position value according to English alphabetic series.
• Second and third letter → (3) is subtracted from the position values according to English alphabetic series.

So,

​Hence, "JMON" is the correct answer.

Given:

 

• The image must not to be rotated

  

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Logic : Alternate series is followed here i.e

• First series → Each number is multiplied (2) and then (1) is added starting with first number.
• Second series → Each number is multiplied (2) and then (1) is subtracted starting with second number.

Hence, "105" is the correct answer.

Logic : Letters given in the word are written in the reverse order.

So,

• PREPARE : ERAPERP

 

• COMPARE : ERAPMOC

​

Similarly, 

• DESPAIR : ?​

 

Hence, "RIAPSED" is the correct answer.

 

Given statement : $\frac{1}{4}\div\frac{1}{16}-5+45×25=40$

According to the question, after interchanging the two signs :

So,

• Option - (1) : ÷ and ×

$\frac{1}{4}\div\frac{1}{16}-5+45×25=40$

⇒ $\frac{1}{4}×\frac{1}{16}-5+45\div25=40$

 $\frac{1}{4}×\frac{1}{16}-5+1.8=40$

$\frac{1}{64}+1.8-5=40$

$\frac{1+115.2-320}{64}=40$

$\frac{-203.8}{64}=40$

-3.18 ≠ 40 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : + and −

$\frac{1}{4}\div\frac{1}{16}-5+45×25=40$

⇒ $\frac{1}{4}\div\frac{1}{16}+5-45×25=40$

4 + 5 - 45 × 25 = 40

4 + 5 - 1125 = 40

9 - 1125 = 40

-1116 ≠ 40 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : × and −

$\frac{1}{4}\div\frac{1}{16}-5+45×25=40$

⇒ $\frac{1}{4}\div\frac{1}{16}× 5+45-25=40$

4 × 5 + 45 - 25 = 40

20 + 45 - 25 = 40

65 - 25 = 40

40 = 40 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (4) : + and ×

$\frac{1}{4}\div\frac{1}{16}-5+45×25=40$

⇒ $\frac{1}{4}\div\frac{1}{16}-5×45+25=40$

4 - 5 × 45 + 25 = 40

4 + 25 - 225 = 40

29 - 225 = 40

-196 ≠ 40 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1. For '

' element → No change

2) For '

' element → Number of '

' element is increasing subsequently.

Final series is

Hence, ‘option - (2)’ is the correct answer.

 

Given statement : 72 × 3 + 48 ÷ 6 - 16 = 296

According to the question, after interchanging the two signs :

So,

• Option - (1) : × and +

72 × 3 + 48 ÷ 6 - 16 = 296 ⇒ 72 + 3 × 48 ÷ 6 - 16 = 296

72 + 3 × 8 - 16 = 296

72 + 24 - 16 = 296

96 - 16 = 296

 

80 ≠ 296 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : × and ÷

72 × 3 + 48 ÷ 6 - 16 = 296 ⇒ 72 ÷ 3 + 48 × 6 - 16 = 296

24 + 48 × 6 - 16 = 296

24 + 288 - 16 = 296

312 - 16 = 296

296 = 296 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (3) : + and -

72 × 3 + 48 ÷ 6 - 16 = 296 ⇒ 72 × 3 - 48 ÷ 6 + 16 = 296

72 × 3 - 8 + 16 = 296

216 + 16 - 8 = 296

232 - 8 = 296

224 ≠ 296 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : ÷ and -

72 × 3 + 48 ÷ 6 - 16 = 296 ⇒ 72 × 3 + 48 - 6 ÷ 16 = 296

72 × 3 + 48 - 0.375 = 296

216 + 48 - 0.375 = 296

264 - 0.375 = 296

263.625 ≠ 296 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (2)" is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. All handwashes are medicines → Follow (As, all handwashes are sanitizers and all sanitizers are medicines. So, all handwashes are definitely medicines)

II. All medicines are masks → Dos not Follow (As, all masks are sanitizers and all sanitizers are medicines. So, it is possible but not definitely true)

III. Some medicines are handwashes → Follow (As, all handwashes are sanitizers and all sanitizers are medicines. So, Some medicines are handwashes)

So, Only conclusions I and III follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusions I and III follow".

The correct mirror image of the given combination when mirror is placed at MN is as shown below:

Detailed Explanation:

• The line MN is the mirror
• The word "NoSTAlgiC" the third letter is "S". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 1 is eliminated.

• The word "NoSTAlgiC" the third letter is "S". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 2 is eliminated..

• The word "NoSTAlgiC" the third letter is "S". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 4 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (3)".

Logic : Animal : Shelter

So,

• Spider creates a web for shelter.

Similarly,

• Horse is kept in a stable.

Hence, "Stable" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Caravan → It is a vehicle without an engine that can be pulled by a car or van.
• Palace → It is a large and impressive building where someone important like king lives.
• Stable → It is shelter for horses.
• Den → It is shelter for lion

Logic : Alternate series is followed here i.e

• First series → Each number is multiplied (2) and then (1) is added starting with first number.
• Second series → Each number is multiplied (2) and then (1) is subtracted starting with second number.

Hence, "71" is the correct answer.

Logic : Alternately (5) is added to and (1) is subtracted from the position value according to English alphabetic series.

So,

• ‘TRIFLED’ is written as ‘YQNEQDI’

• ‘BRIEF’ is written as ‘GQNDK’

​

Similarly, 

• ‘FALTER’ is written as :

Hence, "KZQSJQ" is the correct answer.

Logic : (2) is subtracted from the position value according to English alphabetic series.

So,

​

Hence, "JQVZ" is the correct answer.

Given :

Statement given :  P * T $ X + Z

So,

• P * T → P is the husband of T.

• T $ X → T is the daughter of X.

• X + Z → X is the father of Z.

​

Thus, according to the final family tree P is the brother-in-law i.e sister's husband of Z.

Hence, "Sister’s husband" is the correct answer$.

According to the sequence in the dictionary:

4 doctor

1 domestic

3 double

5 down

2 dozen

Hence, the correct option is "4,1,3,5,2".

Given : Six friends (Aman, Biplab, Chirantan, Divya, Elizabeth and Firoz) are sitting around a circular table facing the centre.

Explanation : 

1) Aman sits third to the left of Biplab.

2. Chirantan is an immediate neighbour of Aman.

As position of Chirantan is not known yet, therefore there are two possible positions for Chirantan.

• Case - (1) :

• Case - (2) :

3) Elizabeth sits second to the right of Divya.

4. Chirantan is not an immediate neighbour of Divya.

As there is possible position for Elizabeth in case - (1) considering the conditions given, therefore case - (1) is eliminated.

After positioning Divya and Elizabeth only one position is left which will be occupied by the only person left i.e Firoz.

• Case - (2) :

​

Thus, according to the final arrangement Divya sits to the immediate left of Biplab.

Hence, "Divya" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Mulayam Singh Yadav'.

Key Points

• Samajwadi Party(SP) founder and three-time Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister, Mulayam Singh Yadav passed away at Medanta Hospital in Gurugram on October 10.
• He was 82. The SP patriarch’s condition had been “quite critical” for the past few weeks and he was on life-saving drugs.
• Though he had been away from active politics for a while, with his son Akhilesh leading the party since 2017, he was counted among the prominent opposition forces in the country. For the Samajwadi Party, he remained "Neta-ji" - a term that even his son used for him.
• One of Uttar Pradesh's top politicians, Mulayam Singh was also Union Defence Minister in 1996-98.
• Mulayam Singh first became an MLA in 1967. During his second term as MLA, then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared the Emergency and Mulayam Singh, like many opposition leaders, went to jail.
• Mulayam Singh was elected 10 times as an MLA and seven times as Lok Sabha MP.
• A former wrestler, Mulayam Singh was known to be an astute politician who didn't flinch when it came to striking deals, even with bitter rivals.

Additional Information

• Narayan Dutt Tiwari, the former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, passed away in October 2018.
• He was also the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand and served as a Union Minister in the Government of India.
• Kalyan Singh, another former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, passed away in August 2021.
• He was also a Governor of Rajasthan and served as a Union Minister in the Government of India.-
• Vijay Kashyap is not a former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.
• It is unclear who this person is, as there are multiple people with this name.

The correct answer is Swapna Das Paul.

Key Points

• Swapna Das Paul became the Member of legislative Assembly of Surma, Tripura in June 2022.​
• Swapna Das Paul belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and won the election by defeating the incumbent MLA, Ramendra Chandra Debnath of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI-M).
• Sudip Roy Barman was a former MLA of Surma, Tripura, but he did not win in the 2022 elections.
• The Surma constituency is located in the Dhalai district of Tripura.
• Rajnath Singh is a Union Cabinet Minister in India and has no connection with the Tripura Legislative Assembly.
• Sadhan Pande is a politician from West Bengal and has no connection with the Tripura Legislative Assembly.

Additional Information

• Sudip Roy Barman was a former MLA from the Surma constituency and also served as a Minister in the Tripura government. However, he contested the 2022 elections from Agartala constituency and lost.
• Rajnath Singh is a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party and currently serves as the Minister of Defence in the Union Cabinet.
• Sadhan Pande is a politician from West Bengal and a member of the Trinamool Congress (TMC). He has served as a Minister in the West Bengal government.

The correct answer is Mohiniattam.

Key Points 

• Mohiniattam is one of the classical dance forms in India.
• Mohiniattam is originated from the state of Kerala.
• Mohiniyattam derives its name from the word ‘Mohini’, a female avatar of Lord Vishnu
• It is performed by women in honor of the Hindu god Vishnu in his incarnation as the enchantress Mohini.
• Music for Mohiniattam is provided by a Karnatak (South Indian) classical music ensemble.
• It follows two performance categories namely, ‘Nritta’ and  ‘Nritya’ mentioned in ‘Natya Shastra’.
• Mohiniattam was patronized by Travancore ruler Maharaja Swathi Thirunal.
• Vallathol Narayana Menon is the poet who revived Mohiniattam.
• The main exponents of Mohiniattam are:
• Kalamandalam Kalyanikutty Amma.
• Sunanda Nair.
• Gopika Varma.
• Pallavi Krishnan.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Quartzite.

Key Points

• The Quarzite is a metamorphic rock formed from pure quartz sandstone.
• It is white to grey in color.
• Orthoquartzite is a very pure quartz sandstone composed of usually well-rounded quartz grains cemented by Silica.
• Orthoquartzite is often 99% SiO2 with only very minor amounts of iron oxide and trace-resistant minerals such as zircon, rutile, and magnetite.
• Quartzite is very resistant to chemical weathering and often forms ridges and resistant hilltop​rns.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Bohag Bihu.

Key Points

• The Bohag Bihu, also known as the Rongali Bihu, is a joyous festival that marks the start of spring and the Assamese New Year.
• Assam celebrates Bihu, Baishagu, Ali-Ai-Ligang, Baikho, Rongker, and Rajini Gabra as its important holidays. Bohaggiyo Bishu, Jonbill Mela, Ambubashi Mela, and others include Harni Gabra.
• The most well-known Bihu, Bohag Bihu (mid-April; also known as Rongali Bihu), marks the beginning of the Assamese New Year (about 14–15 April) and the arrival of spring.
• On April 14^th of every year, the Indian state of Assam observes a regional public holiday known as Bohag Bihu.
• Depending on the day of the week it falls on, a number of days of public holidays may be announced, and occasionally it is also a public holiday in the neighbouring state of Arunachal Pradesh.
• This national holiday, also known as Rongali Bihu, is celebrated in Assam, one of India's most picturesque states noted for its tea gardens, verdant forests, and the Brahmaputra River.

Additional Information

• "Garu Bihu" is the name given to the first day of the Bihu.
• On this day, folks bathe and pray for the health and safety of their home cattle while they take them to the river for a bath.
• People take a turmeric-based bath on "Manuh Bihu," the second day of Bihu.
• Families eat a variety of larus or laddus and pithas, or rice cakes.
• People visit neighbours and family members during Bihu celebrations to say hello to one another and show their respect for the family's elders by giving them a fresh "Gamosa" (a traditional Assamese hand-woven cotton towel with red designs with a white background).
• Ali-ai-ligang:
• ​The Mising or Mishing tribal people of Assam and other Northeast Indian states celebrate Ali-Aye-Ligang or Ali-Ai-Ligang, a spring festival related with agriculture, on the occasion of the start of the Ahu paddy cultivation.
• The celebration signifies the beginning of seeding.
• Three words make up the festival's name: "Ali" (legumes), "Aye" (seed), and "Ligang" (sow).
• On the first Wednesday of Phalguna, the 12^th month of the Hindu calendar, the festival gets underway.
• Me-Dum-Me-Phi: 
• ​Mae Dam Mae Phi is a significant event that the Tai-Ahom have celebrated since very early times.
• "Me" is an offering word. Both "Dam" and "Phi" refer to the gods.
• Hence, "Mae Dam Mae Phi" refers to sacrifices made to the spirits of the ancestors.
• Kati Bihu:
• ​On the first day of the Assamese calendar's "Kati" month, which often falls in the middle of October, Kati Bihu is observed. It falls on October 18 this year.
• The celebration heralds the shifting of the rice crop and the start of the season of new harvest.
• An observation of service, penance, and the desire for a better future, Kati Bihu.
• Despite the fact that each Assamese tribe has its own customs and celebrations of the day, the event is observed throughout the entire state of Assam.
• Outside the houses, lamps are lit, and a bamboo path is built as a trail for the ancesto

The correct answer is Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018.

Key Points

• Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018:-
• An Act to provide for measures to deter fugitive economic offenders from evading the process of law in India by staying outside the jurisdiction of Indian courts, to preserve the sanctity of the rule of law in India, and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
• An FEO is defined by The Fugitive Economic Offenders (FEO) Act, 2018 as “any individual against whom a warrant for arrest in relation to a scheduled offence has been issued by any court in India, who
• (i) has left India so as to avoid criminal prosecution; or
• (ii) abroad refusing to return to India to face criminal prosecution”.

Additional Information

• Economic Offenders Act, 2018 is an incorrect option as there is no such act. The correct name of the act is the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018.
• Fugitive Offenders Act, 2015 is an incorrect option as it is a Hong Kong law that allows the extradition of fugitives to mainland China, which has faced criticism for violating human rights.
• Foreign Economic Offenders Act, 2018 is an incorrect option as there is no such act.

The correct answer is Hockey.

Key Points

• India won the Sultan of Johor Cup 2022.
• They defeated Australia in the final by a score of 5-4 in a penalty shootout after the match was tied at 1-1 in regulation time.
• This was India's third Sultan of Johor Cup title, and they equaled England as the most successful team in the tournament's history.
• The match was played at the Taman Daya Hockey Stadium in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, on March 11, 2022.
• India took the lead in the first quarter through a goal from Sudeep Chirmako.
• Australia equalized in the second quarter through Jack Holland.

Additional Information

• The Sultan Johor Cup is a tournament of International under-men's field hockey tournament held in Malaysia.
• It was founded in 2011, in which five teams have emerged victorious.
• Great Britain was the most successful team, who won the tournament three times.
• India and Australia won the tournament twice while Germany and Malaysia won the tournament once.

The correct answer is To renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women. 

Key Points

• The concept of Fundamental Duties was borrowed by India from the USSR.
• The inclusion of Fundamental Duties brought our Constitution in line with Article 29 (1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and with provisions in several modern Constitutions of other countries.
• The duties enumerated in Article 51A of the Constitution are unique to the Indian ethos and value systems.
• However, the concept of fundamental duties is also seen in the constitutions of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam enjoins that “the public property of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam is sacred and inviolable.
• The fundamental duties require all citizens to respect the national symbols of India, the constitution, its heritage and to preserve its culture and assist in the defense.
• The duties mandate the spirit of brotherhood, protect public property, and the environment, avoid violence and strive towards excellence in all spheres of life.
• In case of violation of fundamental duties, it is held in contempt of the constitution and is punishable under the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971.
• The list of 11 Fundamental Duties under article 51-A to be obeyed by every Indian citizen is given below:

1. Abide by the Indian Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem
2. Cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom
3. Uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India
4. Defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so
5. Promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women
6. Value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture
7. Protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures
8. Develop scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform
9. Safeguard public property and to abjure violence
10. Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement
11. Provide opportunities for education to one's child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years. This duty was added by the 86^th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002

Important Points

• The 42^nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties to the Indian Constitution.
• *86^th Amendment Act 2002 later added 11^th Fundamental Duty to the list.*
• Swaran Singh Committee in 1976 recommended Fundamental Duties, the necessity of which was felt during the internal emergency of 1975-77.

The correct answer is Pulakeshin II.

Key Points

• Pulakeshin II, the King of the Chalukya dynasty defeated Harshavardhana when he seeks to enlarge his Empire into the southern peninsula of India.
• He defeated Harshavardhana on the banks of the Narmada river in 618 AD.
• The Aihole inscription was written by Ravikirti, court poet of Chalukya King Pulakesin II who reigned from 610 to 642 CE.

Additional Information

• Chandragupta Maurya:
• Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire.
• He, at the young age of 25, captured Pataliputra from the last ruler of the Nanda dynasty, Dhanananda.
• In this task, he was assisted by Kautilya, who was also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta.
• Samudragupta 
• He was the first significant ruler of the Gupta Dynasty.
• Having come to the throne, he decided to extend the boundaries of his empire to cover the multiple kingdoms and republics that existed outside its pale.
• Known as the Napoleon of India for his conquests, he was also a man of many talents and laid a firm foundation for the empire.

The correct answer is Net Worth = Assets - Liabilities.

Key Points

• The book value of the equity held by shareholders of a corporation is referred to as "Net worth."
• It can also be thought of as the net worth of a corporation that its shareholders would be able to claim in the event that all of its assets were liquidated and all of its obligations were paid off.
• To put it another way, it is the sum of assets that remain after all liabilities have been settled.
• Stockholder's equity and shareholder's equity are other names for a company's net worth.
• By deducting the subject company's total liabilities from its total assets, one can arrive at the formula for net worth.

Important Points

• Although equity and net worth are sometimes used interchangeably, they are occasionally employed in different circumstances.
• The net worth calculation takes into account both assets and liabilities.
• The following are the two things to keep in mind when thinking about net worth:
• If net worth is more than zero, it can pay off debt and has strong financial growth.
• If net worth is zero, the company cannot pay its debts and has negative financial growth.

Additional Information

• Assets are the resources owned by an individual or a company that has monetary value and can be used to generate income or provide future benefits.
• Liabilities can be short-term or long-term and include loans, mortgages, accounts payable, etc.
• Equity can be in the form of common stock, preferred stock, retained earnings, etc.
• Net worth is an important indicator of the financial health and stability of an individual or a company.

The correct answer is Neither I nor II.

Key Points

• Litmus solutions are the indicators which when added to a chemical, tell about its acidic or basic nature.
• These indicators change their color when a base or an acid is added to them.
• Acids
• Acids are molecules that are capable of giving H+ ions or forming a covalent bond with electron pairs.
• Acids are sour in taste.
• Blue litmus turns red when brought in the presence of acid and does not change color in the presence of a base.
• Acids are naturally present in citrus fruits like oranges, grapes, etc.
• Bases
• Bases are bitter in taste and have a soapy feel.
• Red litmus turns blue in the presence of a base and does not change in the presence of acid.
• Baking soda, neem, clove etc are examples of bases.

Additional Information

• Litmus is a natural dye extracted from lichens. It is used as an acid-base indicator in chemistry.
• Acids have a sour taste and are corrosive in nature.
• Bases have a bitter taste and are slippery in nature.
• pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic, and greater than 7 is basic.

The correct answer is Mizoram.

Key Points

• Cheraw dance
• Cheraw is one of the traditional and oldest dances of Mizoram. It is also recognized as the oldest dance form of Mizoram.
• It is also known as the Bamboo dance.
• Chewar is performed by six to eight people holding a pair of bamboo staves on another horizontally placed bamboo at the ground on special occasions such as when there is a bumper harvest of a crop. Gongs and drums are used as musical instruments in Cheraw dance.
• It is one of the most famous dances in Mizoram, and a centre of attraction during festive occasions.
• khuallam, Sarlamkai, Chheihlam and Mizo are other Traditional Dances of Mizoram.

Additional Information

• Mizoram
• Capital - Aizawl
• Chief Minister - Zoramthanga
• Governor - Dr Hari Babu Kambhampati.
• State Bird - Vavu
• State Animal - Saza
• State Tree - Herhse
• State Flower - Senhri
• National Parks - Murlen National Park, Phawngpui Blue Mountain National Park.

  

Important Points

• Bihar is known for its various folk dance forms like Jat-Jatin, Jhumar, and Bidesia.
• Odisha is famous for its classical dance form, Odissi, and other folk dances like Ghumura and Sambalpuri.
• Goa is known for its Portuguese influenced folk dance forms like Dekhni, Fugdi, and Corredinho.

The correct answer is 1952.

Key Points

• In the year 1952, the first Elected Parliament with two houses came into being in India.
• The first general elections under the new Constitution were held during the year 1951-52.
• The first elected Parliament came into existence in April 1952.
• The Seventeenth Lok Sabha was held in May 2019.

Additional Information

• Indian Parliament is the supreme legislative body of India.
• The Indian Parliament comprises of the President and the two Houses -
• Rajya Sabha
• Lok Sabha
• Lok Sabha:
• 543 members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of a universal adult franchise representing Parliamentary constituencies across the country.
• It has a term of five years.
• Rajya Sabha:
• Rajya Sabha or the upper house is a permanent body not subject to dissolution.
• One-third of the members retire every second year and are replaced by newly elected members.
• Each member is elected for a term of six years.
• Session of Parliament :
• The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session.
• The Constitution empowers the President to summon each House at such intervals that there should not be more than a six-month gap between the two sessions.
• The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha.
• The Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950.

The correct answer is Scheduled tribes and Scheduled castes.

Key Points

• The social groups most vulnerable to poverty are the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribe households.
• Both of these groups have above-average levels of poverty indicators in the rural and the urban population.
• 51 out of 100 people belonging to scheduled tribes are not able to meet their basic needs.
• Similarly, 50% of casual workers in urban areas are below the poverty line.
• About 50% of landless agricultural workers and 43% of scheduled castes are also poor.
• Women, elderly people, and female infants are the poorest of the poor because they are denied equal access to resources available to the family.

Additional Information

• Several provisions have been incorporated in the Constitution for safeguarding and promoting the interests and rights of the Scheduled Tribes.
• Article 46
• The state shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker section
• Protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.
• Article 23
• Prohibits traffic in human beings, beggars, forced labor has a special significance for Scheduled Tribes.
• Article 243D provides reservation of Seats for Scheduled Tribes in Panchayats.
• Article 330 provides reservation of seats for Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People.
• Article 332 provides reservation of seats for Scheduled Tribes in Legislative Assemblies of the States.
• Article 334 provides the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha and the State Vidhan Sabha

Important Points 

• Forward castes and Brahmins are generally considered to be among the most privileged and affluent social groups in India. While there may be individual cases of poverty within these groups, they do not face the same systemic barriers and discrimination as Scheduled tribes and Scheduled castes.
• Scheduled tribes and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) are both marginalized social groups in India. However, OBCs are generally considered to be less vulnerable to poverty than Scheduled tribes, as they have greater access to education and employment opportunities.
• Brahmins are traditionally considered to be a high-caste social group, while Scheduled castes are traditionally considered to be a low-caste social group. While poverty rates may be higher among Scheduled castes, Brahmins as a group do not face the same systemic barriers and discrimination as Scheduled castes.

The correct answer is economic strength.

Key Points

• The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries because it contributes to the country's GDP and provides employment opportunities to the people.
• Manufacturing industries also help in the growth of other sectors such as transportation, communication, and services.
• Debt, expenditure, and liability are not measures of economic strength but rather financial obligations or expenses that a country incurs.
• Debt is the amount of money a country owes to lenders, expenditure is the amount of money spent on goods and services, and liability is the financial obligations of a country.
• While these factors are important for a country's financial health, they do not directly contribute to its economic strength.

Additional Information

• Debt: It is the amount of money a country owes to lenders, both domestic and foreign.
• It can be used to finance government spending, but too much debt can lead to financial instability and can negatively affect a country's credit rating.
• Expenditure: It refers to the amount of money a country spends on goods and services, both for consumption and investment purposes.
• It includes both government and private spending.
• Liability: It refers to the financial obligations of a country, including both short-term and long-term debt, as well as future obligations such as pensions and other entitlements.
• It is an important measure of a country's financial health as it indicates its ability to meet its financial obligations.

Explanation:

• Calcium oxide, commonly known as lime, is a chemical compound with the formula CaO.
• Calcium oxide, also known as quicklime. It is believed that quicklime is one of the oldest chemicals known to mankind. It can also be called quicklime or lime.
• Calcium oxide can be produced by the thermal decomposition of materials such as limestone or shell that contain calcium carbonate (CaCO3 mineral calcite) in a lime kiln.
• The process used to prepare quicklime is called calcination. It is a process that begins with the thermal decomposition of the reactants at high temperatures but ensures that the temperature is kept well below the melting point.

Additional Information

• Sodium Bicarbonate:
• Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, is primarily used in baking as a leavening agent.
• It reacts with the acidic components in the solution, releasing carbon dioxide, which causes the solution to expand and creates the characteristic texture in pancakes, cakes, quick breads, soda breads, and other baked and fried foods.
• Calcium Carbonate​:
• It is an inorganic chemical compound whose chemical formula is CaCO₃.
• Calcium carbonate is a non-toxic and odorless compound commonly found as a white mineral that occurs naturally in chalk, limestone, and stone.
• Silicon Dioxide:
• SiO₂ is an oxide of silicon whose chemical name is silicon dioxide.
• It is also called silica or silicic oxide or silicic acid.
• It is found widely in nature in the form of quartz.

The correct answer is ₹500 and ₹1,000

Key Points

• On 8 November 2016, the government of India announced the demonetization of all Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 notes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series.
• This announcement also included the issuance of new Rs. 500 and Rs. 2000 banknotes in exchange for old notes.
• Due to the demonetization drive, there is a considerable increase in the number of Income Tax Returns (ITRs) filed.
• Objectives of Demonetisation:
• To discourage the use of high-denomination notes for illegal transactions and thus curb the widespread use of black money.
• To encourage the digitization of commercial transactions, formalize the economy and so, and boost government tax revenues.
• Operation Clean Money:
• It was launched by the Income Tax Department (CBDT) for the e-verification of large cash deposits made during the period from 9^th November to 30^th December 2016.

Important Points

 History of Demonetization -

• In 1946, the currency notes of Rs 1,000 and Rs 10,000 were removed from circulation.
• In 1978, Prime Minister of India Morarji Desai announced the currency ban taking Rs 1000, Rs 5000 and Rs 10,000 out of circulation.

.

The correct answer is Storage.

Key Points

• The tertiary sector of the economy is also known as the service sector, which provides intangible goods and services to consumers.
• Tertiary Sector:
• The sector that helps in the development of the Primary and Secondary sectors through providing services.
• Transport, communication, banking, storage, trade, etc. all come under the tertiary or service sector.
• However, it also includes services that don’t help directly in producing goods.
• E.g. education, healthcare, information technologies, network operators, etc.
• Storage is an activity that falls under the tertiary sector as it involves the storage of goods and commodities for distribution and sale.
• Automobile production is related to the secondary sector, which involves the production of tangible goods through manufacturing and construction.
• Fishing is related to the primary sector, which involves the extraction of raw materials from nature like agriculture, mining, and fishing.
• Cloth weaving is also related to the secondary sector, which involves the production of textiles and other goods through manufacturing and construction.

Additional Information

Primary Sector

• Primary Sector: the sector that includes natural products like agricultural goods (rice, wheat, cotton, etc.) produced by exploiting the natural resources of the earth.
• Dairy, fishing, forestry minerals, and ores are also natural products and therefore activities involved in attaining those products also fall under the primary sector.

Secondary Sector

• Secondary Sector: the sector that includes goods that are transformed from natural products through industrial activities or manufacturing.
• It includes artificial techniques which change the form of natural products.
• E.g.: making clothes using cotton fiber from the plant. It is also called the Industrial Sector.

The correct answer is Swami Vivekananda.

Key Points

• Swami Vivekananda
• Swami Vivekananda (1863–1902) is best known in the United States for his groundbreaking speech to the 1893 World's Parliament of Religions in which he introduced Hinduism to America and called for religious tolerance and an end to fanaticism.

Additional Information

• Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramkrishna Mission at Belur in Howrah in 1897. It is a social service and charitable society.
• The objectives of this Mission are providing humanitarian relief and social work through the establishment of schools, colleges, hospitals, and orphanages.
• He asked the people to improve the lives of the poor and depressed classes. He believed that service to mankind is service to God.
• The original name of Swami Vivekananda was Narendranath Dutta (1863-1902).
• He became the most famous disciple of Shri Ramkrishna Paramahamsa.
• In 1886, Narendranath took the vow of Sanyasa and was given the name, Vivekananda.

Important Points

• Keshab Chandra Sen was a Bengali Hindu philosopher and social reformer who founded the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement.
• Swami Dayanand Saraswati was the founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement.
• Mahatma Gandhi, on the other hand, was a political leader and freedom fighter who led India to independence from British rule.

The correct answer is Kolkata.

Key Points

• The Indian Super League (ISL) is a men's professional football league in India. Unlike other football leagues from around the world, the ISL is one of the few leagues to not use the promotion and relegation system but instead a franchise system along the lines of the Twenty20 cricket league.
• The Indian Super League (ISL) is India's unrivalled football championship which kicked off on October 12, 2014.
• The inaugural winners of the league were ATK, while Chennaiyin FC was the winner of the second season.
• The third edition of the Hero ISL saw ATK reclaim the trophy, winning their second in three years, while the fourth season saw Chennaiyin win back the trophy again.
• Bengaluru FC won the title in the 2018-19 season.
• The Champions of the football Indian Super League 2019-20 is Atlético de Kolkata(ATK).

Additional Information 

• The Indian Super League (ISL) is a men's professional top-level football league in the Indian football system.
• Founded on 21 October 2013.
• It is organized by the All India Football Federation (AIFF) and their commercial partners Football Sports Development Limited (FSDL).
• Due to the sponsorship relationship with Hero MotoCorp, it is officially called the Hero Indian Super League.

Shortcut Trick

Relative speed between C and A = 8 − 5 = 3 m/s.

Relative speed between A and B = 5 − 3 = 2 m/s.

Since Time (t) is constant, Distance ratio = Relative Speed ratio.

Distance(A−B) = [Relative Speed(A−B) ÷ Relative Speed(C−A)] × Distance(C−A) = (2 ÷ 3) × 6 = 4 m.

∴ The correct answer is 4 m.

Alternate Method

Given: Speed of A = 5 m/s, B = 3 m/s, C = 8 m/s.

Formula: Distance = Speed × Time | Relative Speed (Same direction) = S₁ − S₂

⇒ Let the time be t seconds.

⇒ Distance covered by C = 8t, Distance covered by A = 5t.

⇒ Distance between C and A = 8t − 5t = 3t.

⇒ Given, 3t = 6 m ⇒ t = 2 seconds.

⇒ Distance covered by B = 3t = 3 × 2 = 6 m.

⇒ Distance between A and B = 5t − 3t = 2t.

⇒ Distance between A and B = 2 × 2 = 4 m.

∴ The correct answer is 4 m.

Additional Information

Relative Speed Concept

When objects move in the same direction, relative speed is the difference of their speeds (S₁ − S₂). In opposite directions, it is the sum (S₁ + S₂).

Proportionality in Motion

When Time is constant, Distance is directly proportional to Speed (D₁/D₂ = S₁/S₂). This is highly useful for race problems.

Shortcut Trick

When a dishonest shopkeeper sells at Cost Price but uses faulty weight, use the direct formula:

Gain % = [ (Error) ÷ (Actual Weight used) ] × 100

Here, Error = 1000g − 925g = 75g

Gain % = (75 ÷ 925) × 100 = (3 ÷ 37) × 100 ≈ 8.11%

∴ The correct answer is 8.11%.

Alternate Method

Given:

True weight = 1000 g

Faulty weight used = 925 g

Let the Cost Price (CP) of 1g of rice be ₹1.

Calculations:

⇒ Total Cost Price (CP) for the shopkeeper = 925 × 1 = ₹925

⇒ Total Selling Price (SP) for the shopkeeper = 1000 × 1 = ₹1000

⇒ Profit = SP − CP = 1000 − 925 = ₹75

⇒ Gain Percentage = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100

⇒ Gain Percentage = (75 ÷ 925) × 100

⇒ Gain Percentage = (3 ÷ 37) × 100 = 300 ÷ 37

⇒ Gain Percentage ≈ 8.11%

∴ The correct answer is 8.11%.

Additional Information

Dishonest Dealer Formula

When a dealer sells at cost price but uses less weight: % Profit = [Error / (True Value − Error)] × 100.

Multiple Conditions (Markup + Faulty Weight)

If the dealer marks up price by x% and uses y% less weight, Net Profit % = [(x + y) / (100 − y)] × 100.

Weight vs Price Ratio

Profit % is always calculated on the weight actually handed over to the customer, which represents the real cost to the shopkeeper.

Shortcut Trick

Use the effective multiplier method for three successive discounts: 10%, 5%, and 3.5%.

Net Multiplier = (1 − 0.10) × (1 − 0.05) × (1 − 0.035)

Net Multiplier = 0.90 × 0.95 × 0.965 = 0.855 × 0.965 = 0.825075

Equivalent Discount = (1 − 0.825075) × 100 = 17.4925%

∴ The correct answer is 17.4925%.

Alternate Method

Given: Three successive discounts of 10%, 5%, and 3(1/2)% (or 3.5%).

Formula: For two successive discounts a and b, Single Discount = (a + b − (a × b)/100)%

⇒ Step 1: Combine first two discounts (10% and 5%):

⇒ D_1,2 = 10 + 5 − (10 × 5)/100 = 15 − 0.5 = 14.5%

⇒ Step 2: Combine result with the third discount (3.5%):

⇒ Net Discount = 14.5 + 3.5 − (14.5 × 3.5)/100

⇒ Net Discount = 18.0 − (50.75)/100

⇒ Net Discount = 18.0 − 0.5075

⇒ Net Discount = 17.4925%

∴ The correct answer is 17.4925%.

Additional Information

Successive Discount Formula

For multiple discounts, it is always easier to calculate the selling price factor: SP = MP × (1 − d₁/100) × (1 − d₂/100) ...

Order of Discounts

The net equivalent discount remains the same regardless of the order in which successive discounts are applied.

Marked Price and Selling Price

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). SP = MP − Discount.

Given:

Numbers: 12 and 21

Concept:

If a ∶ b ∶∶ b ∶ c, then b² = ac

Solution:

⇒ Let x be the number to subtract, then (21 - x) × (21 - x) = (12 - x) × 36

⇒ 441 + x² - 42x = 432 - 36x

⇒ x² - 6x + 9 = 0

⇒ Solving the quadratic equation gives x = 3

Hence, the smallest positive number to subtract is 3.

Given:

Initial value = Rs. 140000

Final value = Rs. 182000

Concept: Percentage increase = (Final Value - Initial Value)/Initial Value × 100%

Solution:

⇒ Percentage increase = (182000 - 140000) / 140000 × 100%

⇒ Percentage increase = 30%

Hence, the percent increase in the value of the painting is 30%.

Given:

Numbers: 16³ and 48²

Concept:

HCF of the cubes and squares of numbers is the cube and square of the HCF of the original numbers.

Solution:

⇒ HCF(16³, 48²) = 256

Hence, the HCF of the cube of 16 and the square of 48 is 256.

Given:

24 men complete a work in 9 days.

8 more men join after 3 days.

Concept:

Man-days is a unit representing the work done by one person in one day.

Solution:

⇒ Total man-days required = 24 men × 9 days = 216 man-days

⇒ Man-days spent in the first 3 days = 24 men × 3 days = 72 man-days

⇒ Remaining man-days = 216 man-days - 72 man-days = 144 man-days

⇒ Total men after 3 days = 24 men + 8 men = 32 men

⇒ Remaining days = Remaining man-days/Total men = 144 man-days/32 men = 4.5 days

Hence, all of them will take an additional 4.5 days to complete the remaining work.

Given:

Increase in price = 20%

Concept:

New Consumption = Old Consumption × (Old Price / New Price)

Solution:

⇒ New Price = 1.2 × Old Price

⇒ New Consumption = Old Consumption × (Old Price / New Price) = Old Consumption × (1 / 1.2) = 0.8333 × Old Consumption

⇒ Decrease in Consumption = 1 - 0.8333 = 0.1667

Hence, the consumption of tea must be diminished by $16\frac{2}{3}$%

Given:

Cylinder radius = 22.5 cm

Cylinder height = 24 cm

Cone radius = 36 cm

Concept:

Volume of Cylinder = πr²h and Volume of Cone = (1/3)πr²h.

The volume of the cylinder and the cone are equal because the cylinder is melted and moulded into the cone.

Solution:

The cylinder's volume is π (22.5 cm)²24 cm.

For the cone, it's 1/3 × π × (36 cm)² × h. Setting these equal, we solve for h:

h = 3 × (22.5 cm)²× 24 cm/(36 cm)²  

⇒ 28.125 cm.

Hence, the height of the cone will be 28.125cm

Given:

Initial value = ₹46,40,000

Depreciation rate = 5% per annum

Time = 3 years

Concept: Depreciation value = Initial Value × (1 - Rate)^Time

Solution:

⇒ Depreciation value = ₹46,40,000 × (1 - 0.05)³

⇒ Depreciation value = ₹46,40,000 × 0.857375 = ₹39,78,220

Hence, the value of the house after 3 years will be ₹39,78,220.

Shortcut Trick

Average speed for three equal distances = (3 × a × b × c) ÷ (ab + bc + ca)

Average speed = (3 × 2 × 3 × 4) ÷ (6 + 12 + 8) = 72 ÷ 26 = 36/13 km/h

Total time = 52 minutes = 52 ÷ 60 hours = 13/15 hours

Total distance = Average speed × Total time = (36/13) × (13/15) = 2.4 km

∴ The correct answer is 2.4 km.

Alternate Method

Total Distance = 3d

Dist = d Dist = d Dist = d

Speed = 2 km/h Speed = 3 km/h Speed = 4 km/h

Total Time = 52 mins

Given:

Speeds for three equal distances = 2 km/h, 3 km/h and 4 km/h

Total time = 52 minutes = 52 ÷ 60 hours = 13/15 hours

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Let each of the equal distances be d km.

⇒ Total distance = d + d + d = 3d km.

⇒ Total time taken = (d ÷ 2) + (d ÷ 3) + (d ÷ 4)

⇒ 13/15 = (6d + 4d + 3d) ÷ 12

⇒ 13/15 = 13d ÷ 12

⇒ d = 12/15 km = 0.8 km

⇒ Total distance = 3 × 0.8 = 2.4 km

∴ The correct answer is 2.4 km.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Two Equal Distances

If a person travels two equal distances at speeds x and y, the average speed is given by (2xy) ÷ (x + y).

Average Speed for Equal Time Intervals

When a journey is divided into equal time intervals at speeds x, y, and z, the average speed is simply the arithmetic mean: (x + y + z) ÷ 3.

Relative Speed

When two objects move in the same direction, relative speed = |v₁ − v₂|. When moving in opposite directions, relative speed = (v₁ + v₂).

Given:

First distance = 15 m, time = 2.6 min

Second distance = 26 km, speed = 30 km/h

Concept:

Average speed = Total distance/Total time

Solution:

15 m in 2.6 min × 60 sec/min = 156 sec.

26 km × 1000 m/km = 26000 m in (26 km / 30 km/h) × 3600 sec/h = 3120 sec.

The total distance is 15 m + 26000 m = 26015 m, and total time is 156 sec + 3120 sec = 3276 sec.

Average speed = Total distance/Total time = 26015 m / 3276 sec ≈ 7.94 m/s.

Hence, the average speed for the whole movement is 7.94 m/s

Given:

Complex expression: 30% of [{(820% of 40) - 28}] % of 600

Concept used:

Solution:

⇒ 30% of [{(820% of 40) - 28}] % of 600

⇒ 30% of [328- 28] % of 600

⇒ 30% of [300] % of 600

⇒ 540

Hence, the simplified expression is 540.

Given:

Final sum = 3.375 times the original

Time = 3 years

Concept: Compound Interest Formula: A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A = final sum, P = initial sum, r = rate of interest, n = number of times interest is compounded per year, t = time.

Solution:

⇒ 3.375 = (1 + r)³ (compounding annually, n = 1)

⇒ Solving for 'r' gives r = 0.5 or 50%

Hence, the rate of compound interest is 50%

Given:

Total quantity = 1000 kg

Profits: 6%, 12%, overall = 10%

Concept:

Weighted average of profits.

Solution:

⇒ Let x be the quantity sold at 6% profit. Then the quantity sold at 12% profit is 1000 - x.

⇒ Total profit = x kg × 6% + (1000 - x) kg × 12% = 1000 kg × 10%

⇒ Solving for 'x' gives x = 333.33 kg

Hence, the quantity sold at 6% profit is 333.33 kg.

Shortcut Trick

Calculate successive discounts using direct multiplying factors for efficiency:

Price after 9% and 4% discount = MP × 0.91 × 0.96

⇒ Price = 5000 × 0.91 × 0.96 = 4550 × 0.96 = 4368

Subtracting the final cash discount of Rs.268:

Final Price = 4368 − 268 = 4100

∴ The correct answer is Rs.4,100.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price (MP) of CCTV = Rs. 5000

Successive discounts = 9% and 4%

Additional cash discount = Rs. 268

Formula Used:

Final Price = MP × (1 − D₁/100) × (1 − D₂/100) − Cash Discount

Calculations:

⇒ Price after 1^st discount (9%) = 5000 − (5000 × 9/100) = 5000 − 450 = Rs. 4550

⇒ Price after 2^nd discount (4%) = 4550 − (4550 × 4/100) = 4550 − 182 = Rs. 4368

⇒ Final Price = Rs. 4368 − Rs. 268 (cash discount)

⇒ Final Price = Rs. 4100

∴ The correct answer is Rs.4,100.

Additional Information

Successive Discounts

When multiple discounts are given sequentially on the continuously reduced value, they are known as successive discounts. The equivalent single discount percentage for two successive discounts d₁ and d₂ is (d₁ + d₂ − d₁×d₂/100)%.

Marked Price vs Selling Price

A discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). The amount the customer finally pays is the Selling Price (SP), given by SP = MP − Discount Amount.

Cash Discount

A cash discount is an outright fixed monetary reduction subtracted directly from the total bill, unlike percentage discounts which scale proportionately with the base amount.

Shortcut Trick

Ram beats Ramesh by 40 sec and Ramesh beats Naresh by 25 sec → Ram beats Naresh by 40 + 25 = 65 sec.

In terms of distance, Ram beats Naresh by 650 m in a 2000 m race.

Speed Ratio (Ram : Naresh) = 2000 : (2000 − 650) = 2000 : 1350 = 40 : 27.

Time Ratio (Ram : Naresh) = 27 : 40 (since distance is constant).

Difference (40 − 27) = 13 units = 65 sec ⇒ 1 unit = 5 sec.

Time taken by Ram = 27 units × 5 = 135 sec = 2 min, 15 sec.

∴ The correct answer is 2 min, 15 sec.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total Distance = 2000 m

Time difference (Ram and Ramesh) = 40 sec

Time difference (Ramesh and Naresh) = 25 sec

Distance difference (Ram and Naresh) = 650 m

Let the time taken by Ram be T_Ram.

⇒ Time taken by Ramesh = T_Ram + 40 sec

⇒ Time taken by Naresh = (T_Ram + 40) + 25 = T_Ram + 65 sec

When Ram covers 2000 m, Naresh covers (2000 − 650) = 1350 m.

⇒ Ratio of speeds (Ram : Naresh) = 2000 / 1350 = 40 / 27

Since both run the same distance of 2000 m, the time taken is inversely proportional to speed:

⇒ T_Ram / T_Naresh = 27 / 40

⇒ T_Ram / (T_Ram + 65) = 27 / 40

⇒ 40 × T_Ram = 27 × T_Ram + 27 × 65

⇒ 13 × T_Ram = 1755

⇒ T_Ram = 1755 / 13 = 135 sec

⇒ T_Ram = 2 min, 15 sec

∴ The correct answer is 2 min, 15 sec.

Additional Information

Speed, Distance, and Time Relationship

Distance = Speed × Time. When distance is constant, Speed₁ / Speed₂ = Time₂ / Time₁.

Race Winning Concepts

A beats B by 'x' meters means when A reaches the finish line, B is 'x' meters behind. A beats B by 't' seconds means B takes 't' more seconds than A to finish.

Relative Speed in Races

If two people run in the same direction, their relative speed is the difference of their individual speeds (v₁ − v₂).

Given:

Volume = v cm³

Height = h cm

Concept: The formula for the volume of a cone is V = 1/3πr² h

Solution:

⇒ v = 1/3πr² * h

⇒ Solving for 'r' gives r = $\rm\sqrt{(3v / πh)}$

Hence, the radius of the cone is $\rm\sqrt{(3v / πh)}$ cm.

Shortcut Trick

Efficiency ratio of Aman : Ram = 39 : 78 = 1 : 2.

Total Work = 78 units (Aman's days × efficiency = 78 × 1).

Aman works for all 39 days: 39 × 1 = 39 units.

Remaining work for Ram = 78 − 39 = 39 units.

Days Ram worked = 39 ÷ 2 = 19.5 days.

Ram joined after = 39 − 19.5 = 19.5 days = 39/2 days.

∴ The correct answer is 39/2 days.

Alternate Method

Given: Time taken by Aman = 78 days, Time taken by Ram = 39 days. Total time to finish work = 39 days.

⇒ Total Work (LCM of 78 and 39) = 78 units.

⇒ Aman started the work and stayed until the end (39 days).

⇒ Work done by Aman in 39 days = 39 × 1 = 39 units.

⇒ Remaining work to be done by Ram = 78 − 39 = 39 units.

⇒ Time for which Ram worked = Remaining Work ÷ Efficiency of Ram

⇒ Time Ram worked = 39 ÷ 2 = 19.5 days.

⇒ Ram joined after = Total time − Time Ram worked

⇒ Joining day = 39 − 19.5 = 19.5 days = 39/2 days.

∴ The correct answer is 39/2 days.

Additional Information

Efficiency and Time Relationship

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a work. If the ratio of time is a:b, the ratio of efficiency is b:a.

Work and Wages

Wages are always distributed in the ratio of the actual work done by each individual, which is (Efficiency × Time worked).

Combined Efficiency

When people work together, their efficiencies are added. Total Work = (Combined Efficiency) × (Total Time taken).

Given:

Total amount = ₹936

Actual ratio = 2 : 3 : 4

Mistaken ratio = $\frac{1}{2}$ ∶ $\frac{1}{3}$ ∶ $\frac{1}{4}$

Concept: Distribution in a ratio.

Solution:

⇒ Actual distribution for R = ₹936 * $\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)$ = ₹416

⇒ Mistaken distribution for R = ₹936 * $\frac{\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)}{\left[\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{4}\right)\right]}$ = 216

⇒ Gain for R = ₹416 - 216  = ₹200

Hence, the gain of R in the distribution is ₹200.

The correct answer is "to read an article."

Key Points

• The original phrase in the question, "to write an article", suggests the action of creating or drafting an article.
• The phrase "from a journal" is referring to a source, in this case, a journal. The actions that likely regard a source, in the context of a library, would be to read, research, or cite.
• Therefore, considering a library and its primary purpose being a place where individuals read, research, and study, the phrase "to write an article" does not fit logically, as one does not typically write an article from a journal.
• The most fitting substitution in this context would be 'to read an article' because this is a typical activity that a person would execute in a library using a journal.

Therefore, the correct answer is- The library is the right place to read an article from a journal.

The correct answer is "Fraud."

Key Points

• Let us understand the meaning of the given and the marked words:
• "Swindle" means to cheat or deceive someone, especially in order to get money from them unfairly.(ठगी)
• Example: They swindled local businesses out of thousands of dollars.
• Fraud is a synonym of swindle, which means intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain.(धोखा)
• Example: They became a victim of the fraud.
• Other synonyms of swindle include cheat, con, deceive, and defraud.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Option 1 - Threat: a statement or action that is intended to intimidate someone. This is not a synonym of swindle.(धमकी)
• Option 3 - Observation: the action or process of observing something or someone carefully or in order to gain information. This is not a synonym of swindle.(अवलोकन)
• Option 4 - Ride: a journey made on horseback, on a bicycle or in a vehicle. This is not a synonym of swindle.(सवारी)

The correct answer is "An easy task or victory."

Key Points

• The idiom "cakewalk" refers to something that is very easy to do or achieve.
• कुछ ऐसा जो करना या हासिल करना बहुत आसान हो।
• The origin of the term comes from a dance competition in which the winner would receive a cake as a prize.
• The term has evolved to be used in a variety of contexts, including sports, politics, and business.
• Example: She expected the election to be a cakewalk.
• Thus, it is clear that option 3 is the correct meaning of the given idiom.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is "peril."

Key Points

• The blank in the sentence will imply how the separatist tendencies can make the unity of the nation to be in danger.
• Among the given options, the correct word to use in the blank is "peril." 
• "Peril" means danger or risk.(जोखिम)
• It is a noun and can be used to describe a situation where something is in danger.
• Example: The country's economy is in great peril.
• In the given sentence, the phrase "in peril" means the unity of a nation is in danger when separatist tendencies become active.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Solitaire" refers to a card game or a type of diamond. It is not related to the given sentence.(एक तरह का ताश का खेल)
• Option 2: "Docile" means easily managed or obedient. It is not related to the given sentence.(विनम्र)
• Option 3: "Negotiation" refers to discussions or talks aimed at reaching an agreement. It is not related to the given sentence.(बातचीत)

The correct answer is "Disaster."

Key Points

• Let us understand the meaning of the given and the marked words:
• "Calamity" means a disastrous event or a catastrophe.(आपदा)
• Example: He described drugs as the greatest calamity of the age.
• Disaster is the synonym of the word Calamity, as it also refers to a sudden event causing great damage or loss.(महाविपदा)
• Example: Disaster is a problem that causes huge loss.
• Thus, it can be concluded that the word "disaster" is the synonym of the word "calamity."

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Fortune means a large amount of money or assets.(भाग्य)
• Windfall means an unexpected financial gain or a sudden stroke of good luck.(अप्रत्याशित)
• Prosperity means the state of being successful or thriving financially.(समृद्धि)

The correct answer is "current situation."

Key Points

• The phrase "retain the status-quo" means to maintain the current situation or state of affairs.
• Status quo is a Latin phrase meaning the existing state of affairs.(यथास्थिति)
• Particularly with regard to social, political, religious, scientific or military issues.
• Example: She wants to maintain the status quo.
• In the given sentence, the treaty was signed by both the parties to maintain the current state of affairs.
• Thus, it can be concluded that option 3 explains the meaning of the underlined phrase.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Option 1, "previous condition," refers to a situation that existed before the present one.(पिछली स्थिति)
• Option 2, "unnatural behaviour," refers to behavior that is not typical or normal.(अप्राकृतिक व्यवहार)
• Option 4, "class of societies," refers to a group of societies with similar characteristics or traits.(समाजों का वर्ग)

The correct answer is "lacked."

Key Points

• The sentence implies that Rohan did not have the necessary compassion to become a doctor.
• Let us understand the meaning of the given and the marked words:
• "Insufficient" means not enough. (अपर्याप्त, नाकाफ़ी)
• Example: The students got insufficient time for the test.
• "Lacked" means to have none or not enough of something. (कमी रह गई थी)
• Example: He lacked the spirit of being a winner.
• Thus, it is clear that the synonym of "insufficient" is "lacked".

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• "Oversized" means too large in size, which is not relevant in the context of the sentence.(वृहदाकार)
• "Was deprived" means to be denied something, which does not fit the context of the sentence.(वंचित था)
• "Voided" means to cancel or invalidate, which is not relevant in the context of the sentence.(अमान्य कर)

The correct answer is "except."

Key Points

• The blank in the sentence implies that the subject was allowed to eat anything but the rice pudding.
• Thus, the usage of the word "accept" is incorrect.
• It should be replaced with the correct spelling i.e. "except."
• 'Except' means to exclude or leave out.(के अलावा)
• ​Example: The shop is open everyday except on Sunday.
• ​​Thus, the correct sentence will be: 
• ​You can eat anything you like except the rice pudding.

​​Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Option 2 - accede: This word means to agree or give in to a demand or request.(मान लेना)
• Option 4 - assess: This word means to evaluate or judge the quality or value of something.(आकलन)

The correct answer is "compete."

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the word "compeete" is spelled incorrectly.
• The correct spelling of the word is "compete."
• The error in the sentence is the missing "e" in "compete."
• "Compete" means to take part in a contest or competition.(स्पर्धा करना)
• The correct sentence would be "He dared to compete against the experienced boxer."

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is "and the neighbours complain".

Key Points

• The sentence describes the situation of the past.
• Also, the verb "played" indicates that the sentence is in past tense.
• The verb "complain" should be in the past tense to match the past tense verb "played" in the first part of the sentence.
• Thus, the verb "complain" will be replaced with the verb "complained.
• The correct sentence should be:
• "Last night I played my guitar loudly and the neighbours complained."

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is  "Has more important work to do."

Key Points

• The idiom "has bigger fish to fry" means that someone has more important or pressing matters to attend to.
• अधिक महत्वपूर्ण या अत्यावश्यक मामले हैं.
• The phrase is often used to indicate that someone doesn't have time for something less important or trivial.
• The idiom originated from the practice of fishermen choosing to catch larger, more valuable fish instead of smaller ones.
• Grammatically, "has bigger fish to fry" is in the present tense and is often used in the third person.
• Example:  I do not have a lot of time to spend on this issue. I have bigger fish to fry.
• Thus, it is clear that option 3 correctly explains the given idiom.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is "Diminish."

Key Points

• Let us understand the meaning of the given and the marked words:
• "Escalate" means to increase or intensify, so the antonym should mean to decrease or reduce.(तीव्र करना)
• Example: We do not want to escalate the war.
• "Diminish" means to make smaller or lessen in intensity, making it the correct antonym of escalate.(घटाना)
• Example: The new law is expected to diminish the government's chances.
• Thus, it is clear that the word "diminish" is the antonym of the word "escalate."

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Corrupt means to cause to become dishonest or immoral, which is not an antonym of escalate.(भ्रष्ट)
• Intensify means to make stronger or more intense, which is a synonym of escalate.(तेज)
• Enlarge means to make bigger or expand, which is not an antonym of escalate.(बढ़ाना)

The correct answer is "Predate".

Key Points

• Let us understand the meaning of the given and the marked words:
• "Follow" means to go or come after someone or something.(अनुसरण करना)
• Example: You need to follow the rules of the temple.
• "Predate" is the opposite of "Follow" and means to come before something in time.(पहले बन)
• Example: These cave paintings predate any others which are known.
• Thus, it can be concluded that the word "predate" is the antonym of the word "follow."

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Option 1, "Ensue", is a synonym of "Follow" as it means to happen or occur as a result of something that came before.(पीछा करना)
• Option 3, "Supplant", is also a synonym of "Displace" as it means to replace or take the place of something or someone.(उखाड़ना)
• Option 4, "Displace", is the opposite of "Retain" as it means to move something or someone from its original position.(विस्थापित)

The correct answer is "pen".

Key Points

• "Pen" is the correct word to use for the first blank because it refers to a writing instrument.
• Also, in the second blank the correct word to use is "pen."
• Here both the words are homonyms of each other i.e. a word that is spelt and pronounced like another word but that has a different meaning.
• The "pen" in blank 1 refers to an object that you use for writing in ink. (कलम)
• The word "pen" in blank 2 will refer to a small piece of ground with a fence around it that is used for keeping animals in.(बाडा)
• Thus, the correct sentence will be:
• I need a blue pen for writing and my brother runs a pen for dogs.

​Hence, the correct answer is option 3.​

Additional Information

• "Shelter" (Option 1) refers to a place where people or animals can take refuge or seek protection.(आश्रय)
• "Nib" (Option 2) refers to the pointed end of a pen that comes into contact with the writing surface.(नोक)
• "Herd" (Option 4) refers to a group of animals, typically cows or sheep, that are kept together.(झुंड)

The correct answer is "addition; edition."

Key Points

• The first blank requires a noun that describes a skill or activity.
• Thus, the word  "addition" fits this context, but "good at edition" would be grammatically incorrect.
• "Addition" means adding something, especially two or more numbers. (जोड़ने की क्रिया)
• The second blank requires a noun that describes a book or publication.
• "Edition" fits this context, but "addition" does not make sense in this context.
• "Edition" means the form in which a book is published; all the books, newspapers, etc. published in the same form at the same time.(संपादन)
• Thus, the correct sentence will be:
• Shelley is good at addition and also has a new edition of the Oxford dictionary launched last month.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is "of."

Key Points

• "Of" is the correct preposition to use in this context.
• As it indicates possession or association between the stars and the history.
• "Of" is used to indicate belonging to, connected with, or part of something/somebody.
• Example: The back of the building, the petals of the flowers.
• The other prepositions do not fit the context of the given sentence.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.​

Additional Information

• Option 1, "among," suggests a distribution or dispersion among a group.
• Option 2, "besides," implies a comparison or addition to something else.
• Option 3, "up," does not make sense in this context and would not be a suitable preposition to use.

The correct answer is "are".

Key Points

• In the given sentence, blank 2 will describe the subject i.e. "some of the things."
• The verb "are" is the only option that makes grammatical sense in the blank space.
• "Are" is the third person present form of "to exist" or "to be."
• Example: There are many examples like that.
• The other options do not fit the context of the sentence.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• "Flush" can mean to clean or remove something completely, but it doesn't make sense in the context of the sentence.(चमकना)
• "Separate" means to divide or split something into parts, but it doesn't fit the context of the sentence.(अलग)
• "Grow" means to increase in size or develop, but it also doesn't fit the context of the sentence.(बढ़ना)

The correct answer is "away".

Key Points

• The blank 3 will imply how some of the things are very distant from us.
• In this context, the phrase "light years" indicate the distance between us and the objects in the galaxy.
• And since, the sentence suggests that something is not close.
• So the appropriate option would be "away".
• "Away" means at a particular distance from a place. (एक स्‍थान से विशेष दूरी पर; दूर)
• Example: I tried to call her but she was standing far away from us.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• "Now" means at the present moment or time.(अब)
• "Between" describes the location that is in the middle of two things.(बीच में)
• "Close" means near or nearby.(बंद करना)

The correct answer is 'has'.

Key Points

• The tense of the given passage is "present tense."
• Also, the verb in blank 3 should agree with the singular subject i.e. "everything."
• 'Everything' is an indefinite pronoun that refers to all things as a singular collective unit.
• Therefore, 'Has' is the correct form of the verb in the present tense for third-person singular subjects.
• ​Example: "He has a car."

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.​

The correct answer is "keep."

Key Points

• Blank 5 in the sentence will explain how the stars continue there process of shining.
• Thus, "Keep" is the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.
• It is a verb that means to maintain or retain something in a particular state or condition.(बनाए रखना)
• Example: "I need to keep my room clean and tidy."

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• "Blight" is a noun that means a plant disease, or something that spoils or damages something else.(तुषार)
• "Part" is a noun that means a piece or section of something, or a role or function in a situation.(भाग)
• "Force" is a noun or verb that means strength or power, or to make someone do something against their will.(बल)

शुद्ध वाक्य है- विश्वेश्वर ने दो मकान ख़रीदे। अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• शुद्ध वाक्य- वि���्वेश्वर ने दो मकान ख़रीदे।
• वाक्य में लिंग, वचन, पुरुष, काल, कारक आदि का क्रिया के साथ ठीक-ठीक प्रयोग हुआ है।

Important Points

Additional Informationवचन, लिंग व क्रिया संबंधी अशुद्धियों के कुछ अन्य उदाहरण -