English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Key Points

• Option 1: They benefit more from informal lenders
• This cannot be inferred. The passage mentions informal credit systems but does not state that women benefit more from them.
• Option 2: Lack of Aadhaar is the main barrier
• This cannot be inferred. While documentation issues are mentioned, the passage emphasizes cultural and patriarchal barriers as more significant obstacles.
• Option 3: Cultural factors hinder their financial agency
• This can be inferred. The passage clearly states that patriarchal norms discourage or control women’s interactions with banking services, limiting their financial inclusion.
• Option 4: They lead financial decisions at home
• This cannot be inferred. The passage suggests the opposite—that women’s financial agency is restricted by cultural norms.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because women’s reliance on informal lenders is not highlighted as a unique benefit.
• Option 2: Incorrect because documentation is mentioned, but patriarchal norms are emphasized as the deeper issue.
• Option 3: Correct because cultural and patriarchal factors are explicitly identified as hindering women’s financial inclusion.
• Option 4: Incorrect because the passage shows women’s financial decisions are often controlled, not led, by them.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: The composer explained that, were the leitmotif transposed an octave higher, the tension might dissipate prematurely.
• Key Conversions:
• "were the leitmotif transposed" remains "Were the leitmotif transposed"
• The subjunctive mood in indirect speech ("were") is retained in direct speech.
• The sentence structure remains unchanged as it is already in hypothetical form.
• "the tension might dissipate prematurely" remains unchanged
• Modal verb "might" remains the same as it reflects a possibility in both speech forms.
• Reporting verb:
• Indirect: "explained"
• Converted to: "said" to simplify and align with direct speech conventions.
• Punctuation and Format:
• Direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks.
• Starts with a capital letter "Were" and ends with a period ".".
• Reporting clause precedes the quoted speech, ending with a comma.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: *"*The composer said, "Were the leitmotif transposed an octave higher, the tension might dissipate prematurely.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "If the leitmotif was transposed an octave higher, the tension will dissipate prematurely."
• Incorrect because "was" instead of "were" changes the subjunctive mood to indicative, altering the intended meaning.
• Modal verb "will" is incorrect; "might" is more appropriate for the conditional nature of the sentence.
• Option 3: "The tension will dissipate prematurely if the leitmotif had been transposed an octave higher."
• Incorrect tense: "had been" is past perfect, which does not match the hypothetical mood of the original sentence.
• The use of "will" instead of "might" changes the intended meaning.
• Option 4: "Had the leitmotif been transposed an octave higher, the tension must have dissipated prematurely."
• Incorrect: "must have" indicates certainty, which is not implied in the original sentence.
• The hypothetical nature of the original sentence is lost.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: He said that he had seen that movie already.
• Key Conversions:
• "I have seen" becomes "he had seen"
• The verb "have seen" is converted to "had seen" to match the past perfect tense in indirect speech.
• The pronoun "I" changes to "he" to match the subject of the reporting clause.
• "that movie already" remains unchanged
• The object "that movie" and the adverb "already" remain the same as they do not require modification.
• Reporting verb:
• Indirect: "said" is used to report the speech verbatim without alteration.
• Punctuation and Format:
• Quotation marks are removed in indirect speech.
• The sentence structure is adjusted to maintain grammatical consistency.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: "He said that he had seen that movie already."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "He said that he saw that movie already."
• Incorrect tense: "saw" does not match the correct past perfect tense required for indirect speech.
• Option 3: "He said that he have seen that movie already."
• Incorrect verb form: "have seen" is grammatically incorrect in indirect speech.
• Option 4: "He said that he was seeing that movie already."
• Incorrect tense: "was seeing" alters the meaning to a continuous action, which does not match the original statement.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The paragraph discusses the integrity of scientific publications and how it is maintained through a peer review process.
• Sentence 2 is the first sentence as it introduces the overarching theme of maintaining the integrity of scientific publications:
• "The integrity of scientific publications is upheld by a series of rigorous checks and balances."
• Sentence 1 follows as it describes the most common method used to ensure this integrity:
• "The most prevalent of these is the peer review process, where a manuscript is evaluated by other experts in the same field."
• Sentence 3 is the third sentence as it explains the goal of the peer review process:
• "The goal of this process is to validate the methodology, findings, and conclusions of the research before it is made public."
• Sentence 4 is the last sentence as it highlights the outcome of the peer review process:
• "This external scrutiny helps to ensure that only high-quality, credible research is disseminated to the scientific community."
• The correct sequence is 2, 1, 3, 4.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"The integrity of scientific publications is upheld by a series of rigorous checks and balances. The most prevalent of these is the peer review process, where a manuscript is evaluated by other experts in the same field. The goal of this process is to validate the methodology, findings, and conclusions of the research before it is made public. This external scrutiny helps to ensure that only high-quality, credible research is disseminated to the scientific community."

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The paragraph discusses robotics and its applications in a logical order.
• Sentence 2 is the first sentence as it introduces the field of robotics:
• "Robotics is an interdisciplinary field of engineering and computer science that deals with the design, construction, and operation of robots."
• Sentence 4 follows as it explains the purpose of these machines:
• "These machines are designed to assist humans by automating tasks that are either repetitive, hazardous, or require a level of accuracy beyond human capability."
• Sentence 3 is the third sentence as it describes the programming and algorithms used in robots:
• "The core of a modern robot is its programming, which utilizes sophisticated algorithms and sensors to process information."
• Sentence 1 is the fourth as it concludes by explaining how these features allow robots to perform tasks with precision:
• "This allows them to navigate and perform tasks with a high degree of precision in various environments, from factory floors to surgical theaters."
• The correct sequence is 2, 4, 3, 1.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"Robotics is an interdisciplinary field of engineering and computer science that deals with the design, construction, and operation of robots. These machines are designed to assist humans by automating tasks that are either repetitive, hazardous, or require a level of accuracy beyond human capability. The core of a modern robot is its programming, which utilizes sophisticated algorithms and sensors to process information. This allows them to navigate and perform tasks with a high degree of precision in various environments, from factory floors to surgical theaters."

The correct answer is: Disobedient.

Key Points

• The word "Rebellious" refers to a person or behavior that resists authority, control, or convention. It signifies defiance and a refusal to conform. (विद्रोही)
• Example: The rebellious teenager refused to follow the school rules and often challenged the teachers.
• "Disobedient" means refusing to obey rules or someone in authority, which aligns closely with the meaning of "rebellious." (आज्ञा न मानने वाला)
• Example: The disobedient child ignored his parents' instructions and continued playing outside.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of "rebellious" is "disobedient".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Disobedient.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Submissive (आज्ञाकारी): Ready to conform to the authority or will of others; meekly obedient or passive.
• Example: The submissive employee always followed instructions without questioning.
• Obedient (आज्ञाकारी): Willing to comply with orders or requests; dutiful.
• Example: The obedient dog followed every command its owner gave.
• Agreeable (सहमत): Willing to agree or consent; pleasant and easy to get along with.
• Example: She is an agreeable person who enjoys making others feel comfortable.

The correct answer is: Tribute.

Key Points

• The word "Eulogy" means a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly, especially someone who has just died. (प्रशंसा / स्तुति)
• Example: The priest delivered a heartfelt eulogy at the funeral, remembering the deceased's kindness and contributions.
• "Tribute" refers to an act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration. (श्रद्धांजलि / सम्मान)
• Example: The statue was built as a tribute to the soldiers who sacrificed their lives for the country.
• Hence, the word "Tribute" is a synonym of "Eulogy", as they both convey admiration and respect for someone or something.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Tribute.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Criticism (आलोचना): The expression of disapproval of someone or something based on perceived faults or mistakes.
• Example: The movie received harsh criticism from the audience for its weak storyline.
• Insult (अपमान): A disrespectful or scornful remark or action.
• Example: His rude comment was taken as an insult by the audience.
• Condemnation (निंदा): The expression of very strong disapproval or censure.
• Example: The government faced widespread condemnation for its handling of the crisis.

The correct answer is: Morality.

Key Points

• The word "Turpitude" refers to wickedness, depravity, or immoral behavior. (दुष्टता, नीचता)
• Example: The court condemned the turpitude displayed by the corrupt officials.
• "Morality" denotes principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior. It reflects virtuous conduct and ethics. (नैतिकता)
• Example: He is known for his strong morality and ethical decision-making in business.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'turpitude' is 'morality'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Morality.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Depravity (दुष्टता): Moral corruption or wickedness.
• Example: The novel describes the depravity of the aristocratic society during that era.
• Vice (दोष): Immoral or wicked behavior; a bad habit.
• Example: Gambling is often considered a vice that can lead to financial ruin.
• Sin (पाप): An act considered morally wrong or a transgression against divine law.
• Example: According to religious teachings, stealing is a sin.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The idiom "To cry stinking fish" refers to undervaluing one's own worth or effort. It means presenting oneself negatively or undermining one's own abilities. (अपने स्वयं के मूल्य या प्रयास को कम आंकना)
• Example: Despite his hard work, he always cries stinking fish and says his efforts are not good enough.
• This phrase is often used to describe people who fail to recognize their own talents or achievements and focus instead on their perceived flaws or shortcomings. (अपने स्वयं के दोषों पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना और अपने कौशल को कम आंकना)

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: Boasting excessively (अत्यधिक घमंड करना): To brag or show off excessively about one's achievements or qualities.
• Example: He was boasting excessively about his promotion at the office party.
• Option 2: Ridiculing others (दूसरों का मजाक उड़ाना): To mock or make fun of someone in a hurtful way.
• Example: Ridiculing others for their mistakes is not a good quality.
• Option 3: Taking pride silently (चुपचाप गर्व महसूस करना): To feel proud without expressing it openly.
• Example: She silently took pride in her son's achievements.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

The correct word is 'Creed'.

• 'Creed' refers to a set of beliefs or aims that guide someone's actions. (विश्वास)
• For Example -
• He lived by a simple creed: honesty above all.

Therefore, the correct spelling for 'a statement of beliefs' is 'Creed'.

Additional Information

Explanation of other options -

• Creade - Incorrect spelling, does not refer to anything meaningful.
• Crid - Incorrect spelling, not associated with 'a statement of beliefs'.
• Credd - Incorrect spelling, does not carry any meaning.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

The word 'deleterious' is correctly spelled.

• Meaning: 'Deleterious' means having a harmful effect, especially in a subtle or gradual way. (हानिकारक)
• For Example -
• Smoking has a deleterious effect on health.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'deleterious' (option 1).

Additional Information

Explanation of the incorrect options:

• Deliterious - Incorrect spelling.
• Deleterous - Incorrect spelling.
• Deletrious - Incorrect spelling.

The correct answer is: Pacifist.

Key Points

• The word "Pacifist" refers to a person who believes in or advocates for peace and opposes war or the use of violence. (शांतिवादी)
• Example: Gandhi is often considered a pacifist for his principle of non-violence in the fight for independence.
• Pacifist individuals typically promote dialogue and peaceful resolutions to conflicts rather than resorting to aggression or violence. (शांतिप्रिय)
• Example: The pacifist refused to take part in the war, stating that violence only creates more problems.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Pacifist.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Terrorist (आतंकवादी): A person who uses unlawful violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.
• Example: The government is taking strict measures to combat terrorist activities.
• Militant (उग्रवादी): A person who is aggressively active in support of a cause, sometimes using extreme or violent methods.
• Example: Militant groups have been involved in frequent clashes with the authorities.
• Revolutionary (क्रांतिकारी): A person who works for or advocates for fundamental change in society, often through radical methods.
• Example: The revolutionary leaders inspired the masses to fight for their rights.

The correct answer is: Heresy.

Key Points

• The word "Heresy" refers to a belief, opinion, or theory that goes against the accepted or established doctrines, especially in religion or ideology. (विधर्म या पाखंड)
• Example: The scientist was accused of heresy for challenging the long-held views of the church.
• It is often used to describe actions or beliefs that defy traditional principles or tenets.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Heresy.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Sedition (राज-द्रोह): Conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch.
• Example: The activist was arrested for sedition after making speeches that provoked unrest.
• Blasphemy (ईश्वर-निंदा): The act of showing disrespect or lack of reverence for God or sacred things.
• Example: The writer was criticized for blasphemy after publishing a controversial article about religious practices.
• Schism (विभाजन): A split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties caused by differences in opinion or belief.
• Example: The schism within the political party led to the formation of two separate groups.

The correct answer is 'than'.

 

Key Points

• The expression "No sooner ... than" is a common inversion structure used to indicate that one action occurs immediately after another.
• In such sentences, the auxiliary verb ("had") is placed before the subject, followed by the word "than."
• Option 1, 3, and 4 are grammatically incorrect because they do not fit the standard structure of "No sooner ... than."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Complete Sentence:"No sooner had he entered the room than the fire alarm went off."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "when" is incorrect because "No sooner ... when" is not a valid grammatical structure.
• Option 3: "but" is incorrect as it does not convey the immediate sequence of actions required by the sentence.
• Option 4: "and then" is incorrect as it implies a less direct connection between the two actions.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The error in the sentence lies in the phrase "capable to handle."
• The correct usage is "capable of handling," as the phrase "capable" is followed by "of" and a gerund (verb ending in -ing).
• Thus, the phrase should read "to make the employees capable of handling."
• This error is located in part 2 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: "The training program was designed to make the employees capable of handling complex queries efficiently in customer support operations."

 

Additional Information

• Part 1: "The training program was designed" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• Part 3: "complex queries efficiently" – This part of the sentence is also grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• Part 4: "in customer support operations." – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
• In the active voice, the sentence is: "The nurse will give you the injection."
• To convert to passive voice: Place the object "you" at the beginning.
• Change the active verb form "will give" to "will be given" (future simple passive).
• Add the preposition "by" followed by the original subject "the nurse."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Sentence: "You will be given the injection by the nurse."

 

Additional Information

• Option 2: "You are given the injection by the nurse." – Incorrect tense (present simple passive).
• Option 3: "You will have been given the injection by the nurse." – Incorrect tense (future perfect passive).
• Option 4: "You were being given the injection by the nurse." – Incorrect tense (past continuous passive).

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The error in the sentence lies in part (3).
• The use of "did the ministry issue" is incorrect in this context.
• The sentence is a declarative sentence, not an interrogative one, so "did" should not be used here.
• The correct phrase should be "the ministry issued" to maintain grammatical accuracy and proper sentence structure.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "It was not until the second report was leaked to the press that the ministry issued a formal clarification."

 

Additional Information

• (1): "It was not until the second report" – This part is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• (2): "was leaked to the press" – This part is also correct and requires no modification.
• (4): "a formal clarification" – This part is grammatically correct as well.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "corbel" in its architectural sense refers to a structural piece of stone, wood, or metal jutting out from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight. (कॉर्बल – दीवार से निकला हुआ सहायक हिस्सा, जो किसी वजन को सहारा देता है।)
• Example: The corbel supported the overhanging balcony of the old castle.
• In the context of Option 3, "corbel" is used metaphorically to describe a political strategy or concept. This is the homonym of the architectural term. (कॉर्बल – रणनीति या अवधारणा के रूप में प्रतीकात्मक उपयोग।)
• Example: The scholar discussed the corbel of diplomacy in ancient treaties.
• The use of the word in Option 3 represents its homonym, as it is not referring to the architectural meaning but rather a metaphorical application.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: The corbel cracked under the weight of the vaulted stone. (कॉर्बल – दीवार से निकला हुआ सहायक हिस्सा।)
• Example: The heavy stone structure caused the corbel to crack due to excess pressure.
• Option 2: The corbel was adorned with grotesques typical of Gothic style. (कॉर्बल – दीवार से निकला हुआ सहायक हिस्सा।)
• Example: The Gothic chapel featured corbels decorated with intricate carvings of mythical creatures.
• Option 4: The mason restored the damaged stone corbel last year. (कॉर्बल – दीवार से निकला हुआ सहायक हिस्सा।)
• Example: The restoration work ensured the corbel could support the upper structure again.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence.
• The original sentence in passive voice is: "The audience was made to believe that the product was revolutionary."
• In active voice, the subject performing the action ("the presenter") must be included.
• Active voice sentence: "The presenter made the audience believe the product was revolutionary."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Sentence: "The presenter made the audience believe the product was revolutionary."

 

Additional Information

• Option 2: "The audience believed the product to be revolutionary." – Incorrect as it changes the sentence meaning.
• Option 3: "The audience was forced to believe in the product." – Incorrect as "forced" changes the meaning of the sentence.
• Option 4: "The presenter convinced the audience of the product's use." – Incorrect as it does not accurately reflect the original sentence.

The correct answer is 'took pains'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "took pains" is an idiomatic expression that means making a lot of effort to complete something, which fits the context of the sentence.
• The other options do not convey the correct meaning or are grammatically incorrect in this context:
• Option 1: "had pain" - This refers to physical pain and is not relevant here.
• Option 3: "gave pain" - This suggests causing pain to someone else, which is not the intended meaning.
• Option 4: "took the pain" - Although close, it is not the standard idiomatic expression.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Complete Sentence: "He took pains to finish the task on time."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "had pain" is incorrect as it refers to experiencing physical discomfort, not making an effort.
• Option 3: "gave pain" is incorrect as it implies causing harm to someone else, which is irrelevant here.
• Option 4: "took the pain" is grammatically awkward and not the correct idiomatic usage.