SSC CGL 2023 Tier-I Official Paper (Held On: 21 Jul 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

Logic : Male name of a species : Female name of a species

• Horse : Mare

⇒ Horse and mare are male and female counterparts of horse species respectively.

So,

• Option (1) - Bull : Cow → Correct

​⇒ Bull and cow are male and female counterparts of cattle species respectively.

• Option (2) - Duck : Chick → Incorrect

​⇒ Duck and chick represents the relation of parent and offspring respectively. Drake and hen are male and female counterparts of duck species respectively

• Option (3) - Dog : Calf → Incorrect

​⇒ Dog and bitch are male and female counterparts of dog species respectively. Calf is the young of the domestic cow.

• Option (4) - Butterfly : Larva → Incorrect

​⇒ Larva represents different life cycle stages of a butterfly.

Hence, "Bull : Cow" is the correct answer.

Given:

• The image must not to be rotated

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (4)".

Logic : (Square of 1^st number - 2) = 2^nd number

So,

• Option - (1) : (8, 62)

$(8)^2$ - 2 = 62

64 - 2 = 62

62 = 62 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (2) : (10, 100)​

$(10)^2$ - 2 = 100

100 - 2 = 100

98 ≠ 100 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : (14, 194)

$(14)^2$ - 2 = 194

196 - 2 = 194

194 = 194 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (4) : (12, 142)

$(12)^2$ - 2 = 142

144 - 2 = 142

142 = 142 (LHS = RHS)

Hence, "Option - (2)" is the correct answer.

According to the sequence in the dictionary:

1. Calamity
2. Calcium
3. Calculus
4. Calendar
5. Calmly
6. Calories

Hence, the correct option is "1, 2, 3, 6, 4, 5".

The logic followed here is:-

From the given three different cubes, figure 1 and figure 3, the adjacent sides are as shown below :

As 2 is common in both figure 1 and figure 3, it is clear that 1, 3, 4 and 6 are adjacent to it, and the remaining number i.e., 5 will be opposite to it.

Opposite pairs:

4 → 3

1 → 6

5 → 5

So, the opposite side of "2" will be side "5".

Hence, the correct answer is "5".

Logic :  (1^st number × 2)2 - 8 = 2^nd number

So,

6 ∶ 136

​(6 × 2)2 - 8 = 136

(12)2 - 8 = 136

144 - 8 = 136

136 = 136 (LHS = RHS)

​And,

12 ∶ 568

(12 × 2)2 ​ - 8 = 568

(24)2 - 8 = 568

576 - 8 = 568

568 = 568 (LHS = RHS)

​Similarly,

8 ∶ ? 

(8 × 2)2 - 8 = ?

(16)2 - 8 = ?

256 - 8 = ?

248 = ?

​Hence, "248" is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given figure when mirror is placed at AB is as shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (3)".

Given statement : 96 * 3 * 7 * 4 * 11 = 15 

According to the question, after replacing the * signs :

So,

• Option - (1) : × + ÷ -

96 * 3 * 7 * 4 * 11 = 15 ⇒ 96 × 3 + 7 ÷ 4 - 11 = 15 

96 × 3 + 1.75 - 11 = 15

288 + 1.75 - 11 = 15

289.75 - 11 = 15

278.75 ≠ 15 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : × ÷ - +

96 * 3 * 7 * 4 * 11 = 15 ⇒ 96 × 3 ÷ 7 - 4 + 11 = 15

96 × 0.42 - 4 + 11 = 15

40.32 + 11 - 4 = 15

51.32 - 4 = 15

47.32 ≠ 15 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : + ÷ × -

96 * 3 * 7 * 4 * 11 = 15 ⇒ 96 + 3 ÷ 7 × 4 - 11 = 15

96 + 0.42 × 4 - 11 = 15

96 + 1.68 - 11 = 15

97.68 - 11 = 15

82.68 ≠ 15 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : ÷ - × +

96 * 3 * 7 * 4 * 11 = 15 ⇒ 96 ÷ 3 - 7 × 4 + 11 = 15

32 - 7 × 4 + 11 = 15

32 + 11 - 28 = 15

43 - 28 = 15

15 = 15 (LHS = RHS)

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

Logic : 

• First two letters → Interchanged positions
• Last three letters → Written diagonally

So,

• ADAMS : DASMA

And,

• TOWER : OTREW

​Similarly,

• RAINY : ?

​Hence, "ARYNI" is the correct answer.

Logic : (1^st number × 3) + 2^nd number = 3^rd number

Given :

• (26, 62, 140)

(26 × 3) + 62 = 140

78 + 62 = 140

140 = 140 (LHS = RHS)

• (12, 39, 75)

(12 × 3) + 39 = 75

36 + 39 = 75

75 = 75 (LHS = RHS)

​So,

• Option - (1) : (20, 38, 108)​

(20 × 3) + 38 = 108

60 + 38 = 108

98 ≠ 108 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : (20, 48, 108)​

(20 × 3) + 48 = 108

60 + 48 = 108

108 = 108 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (3) : (50, 48, 108)​

(50 × 3) + 48 = 108

150 + 48 = 108

198 ≠ 108 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : (20, 48, 98)​

(20 × 3) + 48 = 98

60 + 48 = 98

108 ≠ 108 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (2)" is the correct answer.

Logic : (2), (3), (1) and (4) is added to the position value of first, second, third and fourth letter according to the English alphabetic series respectively.

So,

Hence, "KSFW" is the correct answer.

Logic : (1^st number + 2^nd number) - 2 = 3^rd number

So,

• (3, 5, 6)

3 + 5 - 2 = 6

8 - 2 = 6

6 = 6 (LHS = RHS)

​And,

• (5, 12, 15)

5 + 12 - 2 = 15

17 - 2 = 15

15 = 15 (LHS = RHS)

​Similarly,

• (9, 4, ?)

9 + 4 - 2 = ?

13 - 2 = ?

11 = ?

​Hence, "11" is the correct answer.

Logic : [(2^nd number × 3) ÷ 1^st number] = 3^rd number

Given : 

• (6, 16, 8)

(16 × 3) ÷ 6 = 8 

48 ÷ 6 = 8

8 = 8 (LHS = RHS)

• (5, 15, 9)

(15 × 3) ÷ 5 = 9

45 ÷ 5 = 9

9 = 9 (LHS = RHS)

So,

• Option - (1) : (4, 12, 11)

(12 × 3) ÷ 4 = 11

36 ÷ 4 = 11

9 ≠ 11 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : (3, 11, 11)

(11 × 3) ÷ 3 = 11

33 ÷ 3 = 11

11 = 11 (LHS = RHS) 

• Option - (3) : (3, 19, 11)

(19 × 3) ÷ 3 = 11

57 ÷ 3 = 11

19 ≠ 19 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : (4, 32, 8)

(32 × 3) ÷ 4 = 8

96 ÷ 4 = 8

24 ≠ 8 (LHS ≠ RHS) 

Hence, "Option - (2)" is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1. For '

' element → Shifting one step forward and one step backward direction

2. For '

' element → Shifting one step forward direction and then alternately in backward direction.

3. For '

' element → Shifting alternately in backward direction and then one step forward direction.

4. For '

' element → Shifting one step forward direction and then alternately in backward direction.

5. For '

' element → Shifting in backward direction.

Final series is

Hence, ‘option - (2)’ is the correct answer.

Family Chart:

Given Statement : Amil points towards a girl and says she is his only daughter's father's paternal grandfather's granddaughter. Amil's father has no siblings.

Thus, according to the final family tree the girl is the sister of Amil.

Hence, "Sister" is the correct answer.

Logic : 

• First two letters → Interchanged positions
• Third letter→ (3) is subtracted from the position value according to English alphabetic series.
• Last two letters → Interchanged positions

So,

• 'BREAD' is coded as RBBDA

And,

• 'FLOUR' is coded as LFLRU

​Similarly,

• 'PAINT' will be coded as :

​Hence, "APFTN" is the correct answer.

Given statement : 459 + 17 × 12 ÷ 72 - 47 = 349 

According to the question**, after interchanging the signs** :

So,

• Option - (1) : ÷ and +

459 + 17 × 12 ÷ 72 - 47 = 349 ⇒ 459 ÷ 17 × 12 + 72 - 47 = 349

27 × 12 + 72 - 47 = 349

324 + 72 - 47 = 349 

396 - 47 = 349

349 = 349 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (2) : ÷ and -

459 + 17 × 12 ÷ 72 - 47 = 349 ⇒ 459 + 17 × 12 - 72 ÷ 47 = 349

459 + 17 × 12 - 1.53 = 349

459 + 204 - 1.53 = 349

663 - 1.53 = 349

661.47 ≠ 349 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : + and ×

459 + 17 × 12 ÷ 72 - 47 = 349 ⇒ 459 × 17 + 12 ÷ 72 - 47 = 349

459 × 17 + 0.17 - 47 = 349

7803 + 0.17 - 47 = 349

7803.17 - 47 = 349

7756.17 ≠ 349 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : - and +

459 + 17 × 12 ÷ 72 - 47 = 349 ⇒ 459 - 17 × 12 ÷ 72 + 47 = 349

459 - 17 × 0.17 + 47 = 349

459 + 47 - 2.89 = 349

506 - 2.89 = 349

503.11 ≠ 349 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (1)" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :-

• First and second letter → Difference between the position values according to English alphabetic series is (3).
• Second and third letter → Difference between the position values according to English alphabetic series is (5).
• Third and fourth letter → Difference between the position values according to English alphabetic series is (7).

1. JPSW

2. BEJQ

3. CFKR

4. MPUB

∴ Here, 'JPSW' is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "JPSW".

Given:

• The image must not to be rotated

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (1)".

The correct Venn diagram representation is :

⇒ As Dirham is one of the type of currency, it is part of the currency. Therefore, all Dirhams should come in currency.

⇒ Dubai is one of the seven Emirates, which is different from the currency, therefore, it should be shown separately. 

Hence, "Option (2)" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Dirham is the name of the currencies of Morocco and United Arab Emirates
• Dubai is one of the seven Emirates.
• Currency is a medium of exchange for goods and services.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1. For '

' element → No change.

2. For '

' element 

→ Shaded area change to non-shaded area alternately.

→ Non-shaded area change to shaded area alternately.

Final series is

Hence, ‘option - (2)’ is the correct answer.

Given : _ R Q _ P R _ S _ _ Q S P R Q _   

By checking options :

1. P Q R S P R → P R Q Q P R R S S P Q S P R Q R  → (It doesn't Follows the pattern)
2. P S Q P R S → P R Q S P R Q S P R Q S P R Q S → (It follows the pattern of : PRQS - PRQS - PRQS - PRQS)
3. P S R Q P S → P R Q S P R R S Q P Q S P R Q S → (It doesn't Follows the pattern)
4. P R Q S P S → P R Q R P R Q S S P Q S P R Q S → (It doesn't Follows the pattern)

⇒Option - (2) gives the pattern of "P R Q S - P R Q S - P R Q S - P R Q S"

Hence, "P S Q P R S" is the correct answer.

Logic : (33) is subtracted from each number subsequently.

Hence, "179" is the correct answer.

The Venn diagram that best represents the relationship between Women, Mothers, Singers  is shown below:

⇒ As mother is subset of women category, therefore whole mothers will come in women.

⇒ As some women and mothers can be singer too, therefore some part of both women and mother is common with singer.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Logic : (7), (6), (5), (4), (3) and (2) are subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series starting with the first letter in the given word respectively.

So,

• 'UPSIDE' is coded as 'NJNEAC'

And,

• 'GINGER' is coded as 'ZCICBP'

​Similarly,

• 'BRUNCH' will be coded as :

​Hence, "ULPJZF" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Laxmibai Chandaragi v. The State of Karnataka.

Key Points

• Laxmibai Chandaragi B v. State of Karnataka(2021) - Upholding the Personal Liberty.
• The Indian Supreme Court rendered a landmark decision in the Laxmibai Chandaragi B v. State of Karnataka(2021) and others case, upholding the basic right under Article 21 of the Constitution to choose one's life mate.
• The court stressed that a person's decision on marriage should not be influenced by caste, social conventions, or family approval.

Additional Information

• Satbir Singh v. State of Haryana -  related to dowry death.
• Supreme court mentioned 12 guidelines related to dowry death
• The meaning of "soon before death" was clarified by the Supreme Court. It provided the trial court with guidelines stating that "soon before her death" does not imply that the court should remember that there should be a proper relationship between dowry death and cruelty for dowry asked by the husband or relatives just before the death of a woman.
• Rahul Sharma Vs National Insurance Company Ltd (2021) - 
• The case challenges the modified compensation part of a previous judgment of the High Court of Delhi.
• This judgment stated that she will be liable for 40% of future prospects in her income even though she is self-employed.
• Devilal vs. State of Madhya Pradesh - Prevention of Untouchability
• The Devilal v. State of MP case is significant because it centers on an Untouchability occurrence. Untouchability is a wicked practice that has been practiced in both rural and some urban regions from ancient times.

The correct answer is Ethylene.

Key Points

• Ethylene, also known as the ripening hormone plays a role in plant growth.
• Ethylene appears as a colorless gas with a sweet odor and taste.
• It is lighter than air.
• Ethylene is used in used to make anaesthetics, refrigerants and other chemicals.
• It is also an important natural plant hormone and is used in agriculture to force the ripening of fruits.
• The hydrate of ethylene is ethanol.

Additional InformationMethane

• This compound contains 1 carbon atom which is indicated by writing 'meth'.
• This compound has all single bonds, so it is saturated.
• The saturated hydrocarbon is indicated by the ending 'ane'.
• On joining 'meth' and 'ane', the IUPAC name of its compound becomes,' 'methane'.
• The molecular formula of methane is CH4.
• Thus, the IUPAC name as well as the common name of the hydrocarbon CH4 is the same, methane.
• It is an Alkane and its general formula is CnH2n+2.

​Butane

• Butane is one of two saturated hydrocarbons, or alkanes, with the chemical formula C4H10 of the paraffin series. In both compounds, the carbon atoms are joined in an open chain. In n-butane the chain.
• Butane derivatives are highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gases that quickly vaporize at room temperature.
• IUPAC Nomenclature of Butane is (CH3CH2CH2CH3).
• Butane is added to the gasoline and increases its volatility in cold climates. Transformed to isobutane in a refinery process known as isomerization, it can be reacted with certain other hydrocarbon derivatives such as butane to form valuable high-octane constituents of gasoline.

The correct answer is Mahi.

Key Points

• Mahi rises in Madhya Pradesh and, after flowing through the Vagad region of Rajasthan, enters Gujarat and flows into the Arabian Sea.
• Mahi River is the only river in India that cuts the Tropic of Cancer twice, first in Madhya Pradesh then it flows towards Rajasthan and enters Gujarat where it cuts for the second time.
• It is bounded by Aravalli hills on the north and the north-west, by Malwa Plateau on the east, by the Vindhyas on the south, and by the Gulf of Khambhat on the west.
• It originates from the northern slopes of Vindhyas at an altitude of 500m in the Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh.
• It drains into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Khambhat.
• Hydro Power stations are located in Mahi Bajaj Sagar dam and at Kadana Dam.
• Vadodara is the only important urban center in the basin.
• Mahi is not the tributary of Godavari.

Additional Information

• Godavari river is the largest river of Peninsular India.
• It is the second longest river of the country with length 1465 km.
• The old name of Godavari river was Vriddh (Old) Ganga or the Dakshin (South) Ganga.
• It originates from Maharashtra.
• Trbutaries of Godavari are - the Pravara, the Purna, the Manjra, the Penganga, the Wardha, the Wainganga, the Pranhita  the Indravati, the Maner and the Sabri.
• longest tributary - Manjira.
• largest tributary - Pranahita.

The correct answer is Declaration of Purna Swaraj.

Key Points

• Significance of 26 January being chosen as a day to celebrate Republic Day, aside from the adoption of the constitution as the day Indian National Congress (INC) issued the Declaration of Indian Independence in 1930,
• The day was chosen since it was the day that the Poorna Swaraj resolution of the Congress was adopted.
• Republic Day is observed nationwide on January 26, 1950, the day the Constitution became operative.
• This day marked the beginning of India's ancient civilization, a mashup of several cultures and kingdoms. ​

Additional Information

• Champaran Satyagraha (April 1917):
• It was the first Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi in the Champaran district of Bihar.
• The Issue was Indigo Cultivation under the Tinkathia System ((3/20)th of total land).
• Gandhi convinced the authorities to end the system
• Demand was accepted and 25% compensation was given.
• Indian National Congress
• The Indian National Congress was formed in 1885 by A.O. Hume, an Englishman, and a retired civil servant.
• Indian National Congress was established in 1885.
• The first session of INC was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskriti College in Bombay.
• It was presided over by Womesh Chandra Banerjee of Bengal and attended by 72 delegates.
• W.C. Banerjee was one of the first-ever Indian barristers and one of the foremost legal luminaries of the day, his election established a healthy precedent that the president should be chosen from a province other than the one in which the Congress was being held.

The correct answer is Chachar.

Key Points

• Mughal Emperor Akbar made a few experiments in the land revenue administration with the help of Raja Todar Mal.
• The land revenue system of Akbar was called the Zabti system.
• During Akbar's reign, all the agricultural land was classified into four divisions:
• Polar
• Parati
• Chachar
• Banjar
• Polaj land was always cultivated and never left fallow.
• The Parauti land was left fallow for a year or two to retain its fertility.
• Chachar land was left uncultivated for three or four years.
• Banjar land was left fallow for five or more years.
• Polaj and Parauti were further subdivided into three categories: good, middle and bad.
• The average of these three called Mahsul was taken as a normal produce per bigha.

The correct answer is 18-40.

Key Points

• Atal Pension Yojana:-
• It is a government-backed pension scheme targeted at unorganized sector workers.
• It was launched in 2015 to provide a defined pension to all eligible subscribers.
• The pension amount depends on the age of the subscriber at the time of joining the scheme, the contribution amount, and the tenure of the contribution.
• The minimum age of entry is 18 years and the maximum age is 40 years.
• The subscriber has to make regular contributions till the age of 60 years to receive the pension benefits.
• The amount of contribution depends on the age of entry and the pension amount chosen by the subscriber.
• Under the APY, a guaranteed minimum pension of Rs. 1,000/- or 2,000/- or 3,000/- or 4,000 or 5,000/- per month will be given at 60 years depending on the subscribers' contributions.
• APY replaced the Swavalamban Yojana.

The correct answer is Wheat.

Key Points

• Dr. D.S. Athwal had a hand in creating "PV 18" in 1966 and "Kalyansona", the most well-known amber-grained wheat variety, in 1967.
• Kalyansona was named for the Punjabi village of "Kalyanpur" where Athwal was born in 1928.
• Dilbagh Singh Athwal is an agricultural scientist who is often called the "Father of Wheat Revolution".
• He became a member of the management team of the International Rice Research Institute in 1967 and eventually held the position of first deputy director general.

Additional Information

• M.S. Swaminathan, the renowned agricultural scientist, is referred to as the "Father of the Green Revolution".
• Some important revolutions in India:

The correct answer is All of (i), (ii) and (iii).

Key Points

• A flow is a quantity that is measured with reference to a period of time.
• Thus, flows are defined with reference to a specific period (length of time).
• National income is a flow.
• It describes and measures flow of goods and services which become available to a country during a year.
• Example of flow variable are Production of rice, Import of cloth and Change in capital.

Additional Information Stock Variable

• Stocks are defined at a particular point in time.
• So, Wealth is a stock variable as it can be measured at a particular time.
• A flow shows change during a period of time whereas a stock indicates the quantity of a variable at a point of time.
• Wealth is a stock since it can be measured at a point of time.
• Income is a flow because it can be measured over a period of time.
• Salary and change in wealth is a flow because it can be measured over a period of time.

The correct answer is 3.

Key Points

• Chau or Chhau is a semi-classical Indian dance with martial, tribal, and folk origins from Orissa, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
• There are three subtypes of this dance form:
• Purulia Chhau - West Bengal
• Mayurbanj Chhau - Odisha
• Seraikella Chhau - Jharkhand
• Chhau Dance is a popular form of tribal dance in India that incorporates elements of martial arts into its movements.
• Differences between the three are dependent on their regions of origin.
• This Dance originates in the Purulia district in West Bengal and draws inspiration from martial arts and combative training.
• This form of dance is a means to portray stories to the audience, which is why elaborate masks and headgear associated with battle and war are worn during the performance.
• It enacts episodes from epics including the Mahabharata and Ramayana, local folklore, and abstract themes.
• Over a century old, this dance form was widely endorsed by patrons belonging to the royal families, rich landlords, and British governors in the region.
• These performances are predominantly put up during the Gajan Festival, which takes place to honor Lord Shiva.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Thailand.

Key Points

• The BWF Para Badminton Championship 2023 held in Pattaya, Thailand.
• It was organized from 9^th May 2023 to 14^th May 2023.
• This was the 14^th edition of the BWF Para Badminton Championship.
• India's parathletes have won 16 medals total, four of which are gold.
• Gold medals were won by Pramod Bhagat, Suhas in singles and Krishna Nagar-Shivraj, and Pramod Bhagat-Sukant Kadam in doubles.
• Silver was won by Nityasre, Tulsimathi, and Sukant Kadam in singles, and by Nityasre and Rachana Patel in doubles.

Additional Information

• The BWF hosts the Para-Badminton World Championships, a separate biannual competition.
• Five divisions and six sport classes are used to fight for the top para-badminton players.
• In June 2011, the Para Badminton World Federation (PBWF) opted to merge with the BWF, and therefore the championships were conducted under its management.
• The BWF Para Badminton Championship's 13^th edition took place in Tokyo, Japan, from November 1–6, 2022.

The correct answer is Lala Lajpat Rai.

Key Points

Lala Lajpat Rai:

• Lala Lajpat Rai immensely contributed to attaining the independence of the nation.
• Besides, a great freedom fighter and leader, Lala Lajpat Rai was also a noted writer.
• He died after the police lathi-charged on the activists, protesting the arrival of Simon Commission.
• On October 30, 1928, to boycott the arrival of the members of the Simon Commission in Lahore, a peaceful procession, headed by Lajpat Rai was launched.
• Intercepting the march, Superintendent of Police, Scott ordered his police force to ’lathi-charge at the activists.
• To take avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh and his associates plotted the assassination of Scott.
• But, the revolutionaries, mistaking J.P. Saunders, an Assistant Superintendent of Police, as Scott, killed him instead.

Additional Information Chittaranjan Das

• He was born on 5^th November 1869 in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• He was popularly called Deshbandhu which means friend of the country.
• He was an Indian politician and leader of the Swaraj (Independence) Party in Bengal under British rule.
• He was a leading figure in Bengal during the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1919-1922.
• He initiated the ban on British clothes, setting an example by burning his own European clothes and wearing khadi clothes.
• He successfully defended Aurobindo Ghosh in the Alipore bomb case.
• He brought out a newspaper called ‘Forward’ and later changed its name to ‘Liberty’ to fight the British Raj.

​Sachindra Nath Sanyal

• Sanyal was considered the most senior leader of India's revolutionary movement after Subhash Chandra Bose escaped to Japan.
• Sanyal was also jailed for his involvement in the Kakori conspiracy but he was later released.
• Sachindra Nath was also a mentor for revolutionaries like Chandrashekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh.
• He contracted tuberculosis in jail and was sent to Gorakhpur Jail for his final months.
• He died on 7 February 1942.

​Surendranath Banerjee

• Sir Surendranath Banerjee often known as Rashtraguru was an Indian nationalist leader during British Rule.
• He founded a nationalist organization called the Indian National Association and was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress.
• Surendranath supported Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms, unlike Congress, and with many liberal leaders he left Congress and founded a new organization named Indian National Liberation Federation in 1919.
• Surendranath Banerjee was born in Calcutta, in the province of Bengal to a Rarhi Kulin Brahmin family, suggesting that the ancestral seat of the family was in the Rarh region of present-day West Bengal.

The correct answer is ​Option 1) Only statement B is correct.

Key Points

• Lack of protein in the diet causes Kwashiorkor, so the statement A is incorrect .
• Protein is found in every cell of the human body
• Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition that is most prevalent in children, resulting primarily from protein deficiency.
• Children who develop Kwashiorkor may not grow or develop properly and may remain stunted for the rest of their lives, so statement B is correct.
• This condition, also referred to as "edematous malnutrition," is often characterized by swelling in different parts of the body, such as the ankles, feet, and belly, giving the patient a thin appearance.
• This disease is more common in rural areas, particularly in the sub-Saharan regions.
• Areas that have experienced famine or have a limited supply of food are more susceptible to Kwashiorkor.
• Furthermore, regions where the knowledge of a proper and balanced diet is lacking also see a high number of Kwashiorkor cases.

The correct answer is 1865.

Key Points

• The 'Law of Octaves' was propounded by the English chemist J.A.R. Newlands in 1865.
• The 'Law of Octaves'states that if the chemical elements are arranged according to increasing atomic weight, those with similar physical and chemical properties occur after each interval of seven elements.
• J.A.R. Newlands was the first to disclose a periodic pattern in the properties of the elements and anticipated later developments of the periodic law.​

Additional Information

There were the following limitations of the Newland's Law of Octaves

• It was found that the Law of Octaves was applicable only up to calcium, as after calcium every eighth element did not possess properties similar to that of the first.
• It was assumed by Newlands that only 56 elements existed in nature and no more elements would be discovered in the future. But, later on, several new elements were discovered, whose properties did not fit into the Law of Octaves.
• After the discovery of the Noble gases, the Law of Octaves became irrelevant. Thus, Newlands’ Law of Octaves worked well with lighter elements only.

The correct answer is Part III.

Key Points 

• Fundamental rights come under Part 3^rd of the constitution, these fundamental rights are covered from articles 12-35 (Except Article 31).
• In the case of violation of Fundamental Rights, the citizen of India can go to SC (Supreme Court) or HC (High Court).
• The feature of Fundamental rights was borrowed from the constitution of the USA (United States of America ).
• In the case of violation of Fundamental rights, any citizen of India can go to the Supreme court or High Court.
• There are 6 fundamental rights provided by the constitution to its citizens.

1. Right to Equality (Art 14-18)
2. Right to freedom (Art 19-22)
3. Right against exploitation (Art 23-24)
4. Right to freedom of religion (Art 25-28)
5. Cultural and educational rights (Art 29-30)
6. Right to constitutional remedies (Art 32)​

Additional Information

The correct answer is Chess.

Key Points FTX Crypto Cup:

• The world’s FIRST bitcoin chess tournament
• The FTX Crypto Cup promises the tantalising first match-up between Magnus Carlsen and his new world title challenger.
• Its an online chess tournament
• It attracts some of the world's top chess players, contributing to its global significance in the chess community.

Additional Information

The correct answer is CV Raju.

 Key Points

• C.V. Raju is well-known for reviving the traditional art of making Etikoppaka toys by adopting eco-friendly technologies.
• Etikoppaka toys are made with soft wood and natural colours.
• Raju was among 106 Padma Shri awardees announced by the Indian government for the year 2023.
• Mr. Raju is among the seven persons from Andhra Pradesh who have been selected for the Padma awards announced by the Union Home Ministry.
• An agriculturist-turned-craftsman, Mr. Raju has his origins in Etikoppaka, a traditional craftsman village in Visakhapatnam district in coastal Andhra Pradesh

Additional Information Victor Banerjee :

• Victor Banerjee is an Indian actor who appears in English, Hindi, Bengali and Assamese language films.

​Devendra Jhajharia:

• Two-time Paralympics gold medalist in javelin.Padam Shree .
• The first Indian to clinch two gold medals at the Paralympics after he broke his own world record to clinch the top honors at the Rio Games .

​​Radheyshyam Khemka:

• Radheshyam Khemka, the President of Gita Press in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, passed away on 4 April 2021.
• Khemka was also the editor of Kalyan, a famous magazine of Sanatan Dharma for nearly 40 years.
• He was the one, who took Sanatan literature to the masses.

The correct answer is President of India.

Key Points

• The Finance Commissions are commissions periodically constituted by the President of India under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution to define the financial relations between the central government of India and the individual state governments.
• Its core responsibility is to:
• Evaluate the state of finances of the Union and State Governments
• Recommend the sharing of taxes between them
• Lay down the principles determining the distribution of these taxes among States.
• The Finance Commission is required to make **recommendations to the President of India.**​

Additional Information

• Functions of the Finance Commission:
• The distribution of the net proceeds of taxes to be shared between the Centre and the states, and the allocation between the states of the respective shares of such proceeds.
• The principles that should govern the grants-in-aid to the states by the Centre (i.e. out of the consolidated fund of India).
• The measures needed to augment the consolidated fund of a state to supplement the resources of the panchayats and the municipalities in the state on the basis of the recommendations made by the state finance commission.
• Any other matter referred to it by the president in the interests of sound finance.
• Composition of the Finance commission:
• The Finance Commission consists of a chairman and four other members to be appointed by the President.
• They hold office for five years as specified by the president in his order. They are eligible for reappointment.
• The Constitution authorise the Parliament to determine the qualifications of members of the commission and the manner in which they should be selected.
• Accordingly, the Parliament has specified the qualifications of the chairman and members of the commission.
• The chairman should be a person having experience in public affairs.
• The four other members should be selected from amongst the following:
• A judge of a high court or one qualified to be appointed as one.
• A person who has specialized knowledge of finance and accounts of the government.
• A person who has wide experience in financial matters and in administration.
• A person who has special knowledge of economics.

The correct answer is Slime layer.

 Key Points

• Glycocalyx:
• It is a surface layer that covers the cell membrane of many bacteria, epithelial cells or other cells.
• It is made up of proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids.
• Glycocalyx is a viscous polysaccharide or polypeptide slime that covers microbes.
• It enhances adherence to surfaces. resists phagocytic engulfment by the white blood cells.
• It prevents antibiotics from contacting the microbe.
• Functions:
• ​It protects the cell from dehydration (capsule).
• It protects the bacterial cell from engulfment and destruction by the immune system's white blood cells (capsule).
• Glycocalyx gives the bacterial cell a sticky character which enables it to attach to surfaces.
• Glycocalyx also helps the bacterial cells to adhere to each other. This forms a bacterial aggregate that can't be engulfed by the immune cells.

The correct answer is Kathak.

Key Points

• Kathak dancer and choreographer Aditi Mangaldas was born in 1960.
• She is renowned for her repertoire in both classical Kathak and "contemporary dance based on kathak."
• Mangaldas is regarded as one of the best Kathak dancers in the world, both in India and outside.
• She has won numerous awards for her notable contributions in Kathak including the National Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2013.

Additional Information

Kathak:

• The well-known ancient Indian classical dance known as Kathak is said to have originated with the nomadic storytellers from North India known as Kathakars.
• These Kathakars traveled and told tales using songs, dances, and music that were reminiscent of classical Greek theatre.
• The foundations of Kathak are rooted in Natya Shastra, an ancient Sanskrit text written by Bharata Muni.
• The three chief sections of a Kathak dance are:
• Invocation: The act of an artist offering a prayer or salutation to God and their guru is known as an invocation.
• Hindu performers employ mudras, or hand gestures, to convey the same message.
• On Muslim holidays, the artist presents a "salami."
• Nritta: The artist's portrayal of pure dancing.
• He or she begins by moving the neck, wrists, and eyebrows slowly and elegantly.
• The quick sequences according to "bols" come next. A bol is a brief rhythmic pattern sequence. Here, the artist also demonstrates lively footwork.
• Nritya: In this piece, the performer uses facial expressions, slow body motions, and vocal and instrumental music to tell a tale or explore a theme.
• 8 important Classical Dance forms of India:

The correct answer is Srinagar and Kanyakumari.

Key Points

• The North-South Corridor is one of the key components of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP).
• It involves the development of a high-quality road network that connects the northern and southern parts of India.
• The corridor typically starts from Srinagar in the north and extends down to Kanyakumari in the south.
• The primary objective of the North-South Corridor is to enhance connectivity, reduce travel time, and facilitate the smooth movement of goods and people between different regions.

Additional Information

• The East-West Corridor is a part of NHDP Phase-II. It involves the development of a high-quality road network connecting the eastern and western regions of India.
• The corridor typically spans from Porbandar in Gujarat on the western coast to Silchar in Assam on the eastern border.
• The Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) is a significant highway network in India and one of the key components of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP). 
• The primary objective of the Golden Quadrilateral project is to create a high-quality road network linking the four major metropolitan cities of India, forming a quadrilateral shape.
• The cities included in the quadrilateral are Delhi (North), Mumbai (West), Chennai (South), and Kolkata (East).
• The first phase, covering the main routes connecting the four cities, was initiated in 2001.

The correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi.

Key Points

• Mahatma Gandhi gave the famous 'Do or Die' slogan during the Quit India Movement.
• The Quit India Movement was a significant movement launched by the Indian National Congress on August 8, 1942, demanding an end to British rule in India.
• The 'Do or Die' slogan emphasized the urgency and determination of the Indian people to achieve independence.
• Gandhiji is known as the Father of our Nation.
• He returned to India from South Africa on 9^th January 1915 and celebrated it as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (NRI Day).
• The first satyagraha of Gandhiji is Chamapran Satyagraha (1917) also known as the first civil disobedience movement.
• The first hunger strike of Gandhiji is Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918).
• The first non-cooperation movement of Gandhiji is Kheda Satyagraha (1918).
• He was the president of the INC session in Belgaum (1924).
• In 1931, Gandhiji participated in the Second Round Table Conference in London.
• Gandhiji was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse and observed as 'Martyrs Day'.

Additional Information

• Abul Kalam Azad 
• He was the first Education Minister of India.
• He also contributed to the establishment of educational institutes like Jamia Millia Islamia and IIT Kharagpur.
• He strongly advocated education for women and free and compulsory primary education for children up to the age of 14.
• He was awarded with Bharat Ratna in 1992 posthumously.
• Jawaharlal Nehru
• He was the first prime minister of India and was one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement.
• Jawaharlal succeeded Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who was President in 1928-1929.
• His father Motilal Nehru was an Indian lawyer, activist and politician belonging to the Indian National Congress.
• He also served as the Congress President twice, 1919–1920 and 1928–1929.
• He was a patriarch of the Nehru-Gandhi family and the father of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India.
• Subhash Chandra Bose
• He was born on 23^rd January 1897, in Cuttack, Orissa Division, Bengal Province.
• The birth anniversary of Netaji on 23^rd January is celebrated as 'Parakram Diwas'.
• He is popularly known as 'Netaji'.
• He passed the Indian Civil Services Examination in 1920 in England but left it on Gandhiji's call of the Non-cooperation Movement.
• He was the first elected INC President at the Haripura Session in 1938 and Tripuri Session in 1939.
• He founded the Forward Bloc in 1939 and Kisan Sabha.
• The first division of INA was formed in September 1942 with the help of Japan.

The correct answer is Due to the South-West monsoon.

Key Points

• The South-west monsoon is the primary rainy season in India, which starts in June and lasts till September.
• This monsoon is caused by the differential heating of land and sea, which results in the formation of low-pressure systems over the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea.​​

Additional Information

• Western Disturbances are low-pressure systems that originate in the Mediterranean region and move towards the Indian subcontinent.
• These disturbances bring rainfall to the north-western parts of India during the winter months, and they also affect the weather conditions in other parts of the country.
• The North-east is known as the winter monsoon, the northeast monsoon approaches India from the northeast.
• During this time, rainfall is common throughout the southern region of India, particularly in Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.
• The Retreating Monsoon, also known as the North-East monsoon, brings rainfall to the southern parts of India during October and November.
• This monsoon is caused by the withdrawal of the south-west monsoon winds and the formation of a low-pressure system over the Bay of Bengal.

The correct answer is Pandit Kumar Gandharva.

Key Points

• Shivaputra Siddharamayya Komkalimath is the original name of Pandit Kumar Gandharva, a renowned Indian classical singer.
• He was a prominent figure in the Hindustani classical music tradition.
• He made significant contributions to the world of music and was known for his unique style and innovations in classical singing.
• He received several awards for his outstanding contributions to Indian classical music, including the Padma Bhushan and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award.
• His innovative approach to music and his ability to transcend traditional boundaries left a lasting impact on the world of Indian classical music.

Additional Information

• Pandit Omkarnath Thakur was a highly acclaimed Indian classical vocalist and musicologist.
• He made significant contributions to Hindustani classical music and was recognized for his expertise in the Gwalior and Agra gharanas (musical traditions).
• Pandit Jasraj was a legendary Indian classical vocalist, renowned for his mastery in the classical music traditions of North India, particularly the Mewati gharana.
• He was one of the foremost classical vocalists of his time and made significant contributions to Hindustani classical music.
• Pandit Dinkar Kaikini was a North Indian classical singer and composer.

The correct answer is Rs. 1,000.

Key Points

• According to an International Monetary Fund paper, extreme poverty, defined by the World Bank as living on US$1.9 or less in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
• According to the Planning Commission in 2011-12, the national poverty line using Tendulkar methology is Rs 816  per capita per month for rural areas and Rs 1000 per capita per month for urban areas of India.
• The current poverty line is 1,059.42 Indian Rupees per month in rural areas and 1,286 Indian rupees per month in urban areas.

Additional Information POVERTY MEASUREMENT IN INDIA:

• Poverty can be defined as a condition in which an individual or household lacks the financial resources to afford a basic minimum standard of living.
• India has a long history of studies on measurement of poverty. The erstwhile Planning Commission was the nodal agency in India for estimation of poverty.
• Various expert groups constituted by the Planning Commission have estimated the number of people living in poverty in India:
• Working Group (1962).
• Study by VM Dandekar and N Rath (1971).
• Task Force on “Projections of Minimum Needs and Effective Consumption Demand” headed by Dr. Y. K. Alagh (1979).
• Lakdawala Expert Group (1993): Headed by Professor D.T. Lakdawala.
• Tendulkar Expert Group (2009): It was setup in 2005 and was headed by Suresh Tendulkar.
• Rangrajan Committee (2014): It was set up in 2012 and was headed by Chakravarthi Rangarajan$.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• The Oudh region is the birthplace of the Kosala kingdom.
• In northern India's state of Uttar Pradesh lies the Oudh.
• Kosala was one of the strongest states in Northern India in antiquity.
• Buddha established the Buddhist tradition. Buddhism began to spread after the Kosala Kingdom to several kingdoms.
• Kosala state gave rise to and established a number of Sramana movements.

Additional Information 16 Mahajanpadas and thier capital:

f

Given

The time taken by Anup to reach Place B = 8.5 hours

Anuj is driving at 70 km/h

Anup is driving at 80 km/h

Formula used

Speed = Distance/time

Calculation

Total halt time of Anuj = 3 × 10 = 30 minutes = 0.5 hours

Actual driving time of Anuj = 8.5 - 0.5 = 8 hours

Total distance = 8 × 70 = 560 km.

Total halt time of Anup = 4 × 15 = 60minutes = 1 hours 

The time taken by Anup to reach Place B = 560 / 80 

= 7 hours

Total time = 7 + 1 = 8 hours.

The answer is 8 hours.

Concept:

Secant Property

If chord AB and chord CD of a circle intersect at a point P, then

PA × PB = PC × PD

Calculation:

Let the AB = x

PA × PB = PC × PD

⇒ (8 + x) × 8 = 18 × 10

⇒ (8 + x) = 180/8

⇒ (8 + x) = 22.5

⇒ x = 22.5 - 8

= 14.5

∴ The answer is 14.5.

Given :

Sec θ + tan θ = 3 

Formula used :

Sec² θ - tan² θ = 1 or (sec θ - tan θ) × (Sec θ + tan θ) = 1

Calculations :

(sec θ - tan θ) (sec θ + tan θ) = 1

sec θ - tan θ = 1/3      ....(1)

sec θ  + tan θ = 3      ....(2) (given)

Solving equ (1) and (2) 

⇒ Sec θ = 10/6 = 5/3

⇒ cos θ = 3/5 (cos θ = (1/sec θ) 

∴ The answer is 3/5.

Given:

x + y = 7

xy = 19

Formula Used:

(x + y)² = x² + y² + 2xy

Calculation:

x + y = 7

Squaring both sides

⇒ (x + y)² = 7²

⇒ x² + y² + 2xy = 49

⇒ x² + y² = 49 - 2 × 19

⇒ x² + y² = 11

∴ The value of x² + y² is 11.

Calculation

Option 1: 1 + cot2θ = cosec2θ; is correct.

Option 2: 1 + tan2θ = sec2θ; is correct.

Option 3: 1 - sin2θ =cos2θ; is correct.

Option 4: cos2θ - sin2θ = cos(2θ)   is not correct.

The answer is 4.

Given:

The volume of a cuboid is twice that of a cube.

Height = 16 cm

Breadth = 8 cm

Length = 8 cm

Formula Used:

The volume of the cuboid =  Length × Breadth × Height

Volume of cube= (edge)³

Calculation:

The volume of the cuboid = 8 × 8 × 16 

= 1024

The volume of a cuboid = 2 × volume of a cube.

The volume of a cuboid = 2 × (edge)3

(edge)3 = 1024/2 = 512 m

edge = 8 m

The total surface area of the cube = 6 × 64

= 384 m 2

∴ The total surface area of the cube is 384 m 2.

Given:

(a - 2b) (b - 3a) + (a + b) (a - 3b) - (b - 3a) (4a-5b)

Calculation:

(a - 2b) (b - 3a) + (a + b) (a - 3b) - (b - 3a) (4a-5b)

⇒ ab - 3a² - 2b² + 6ab + a2 - 3ab + ab - 3b² - 4ab + 5b² + 12a² - 15ab

⇒ - 3a2 + a2  + 12a2 - 2b2 - 3b2 + 5b2 + 6ab + ab  - 3ab + ab - 4ab -15ab

⇒ 13a2 - 3a2 + 5b2 - 5b2 + 8ab - 22ab

⇒ 10a2 - 14ab

∴ The answer is 10a2 - 14ab

Given:

a + b + c = 12 and ab + bc + ca = 47 

Concept used:

a³ + b³ + c³ - 3abc = (a + b + c) × [(a + b + c)² - 3(ab + bc + ca)]

Calculations:

a³ + b³ + c³ - 3abc = 12 × [(12)² - 3 × 47]

⇒ a³ + b³ + c³ - 3abc = 12(144 – 141)

⇒ a³ + b³ + c³ - 3abc = 12(3) 

⇒ 36

∴ The answer is 36.

Given:

10 ÷ 5 × 1 + 3 - [8 - {5 - (7 - 7 - 9)}]

Concept used:

Calculation:

⇒ 10 ÷ 5 × 1 + 3 - [8 - {5 - (7 - 7 - 9)}]

⇒ 10 ÷ 5 × 1 + 3 - [8 - {5 - (- 9)}]

⇒ 10 ÷ 5 × 1 + 3 - [8 - {5 + 9)}]

⇒ 10 ÷ 5 × 1 + 3 - [8 - 14]

⇒ 10 ÷ 5 × 1 + 3 + 6

⇒ 2 × 1 + 3 + 6

⇒ 11

The answer is 11.

Given:

sec2θ - cot2(90°- θ)

Concept Used:

According to the 1^st quadrant of trigonometry,

cosec (90 - θ) = sec θ and cot (90 - θ) = tan θ.

According to the trigonometric identities,

sec2 θ - tan2 θ = 1

Calculation:

⇒ sec2θ - cot2(90°- θ)

⇒ sec2θ - tan2(θ)

⇒ 1

The answer is 1.

Given

A and B together can do a piece of work in 20 days.

 A alone can do the same work in 30 days.

Formula used:

Work = Efficiency × Time

Calculation

A and B together can do a piece of work in 20 days

Part of work A and B can do in 1 day = 1/20

A alone can do the work in 30 days

Part of work A can do in 1 day = 1/30

∴ Part of work B alone can do in a day = 1/20 - 1/30 = 1/60

∴ B alone can do the work in 60 days

Concept used:

Total work = Efficiency × Time

Calculation:

Time taken by worker to complete 3/5 part of a work = 12 days

Time taken by worker to complete whole work = 12 × 5/3 = 20 days

Time taken by worker to complete 3/4 part of a work = 15 days

The answer is 15 days.

Given:

The weights (in kg) of five girls in a class are 49, 42, 61, 55 and 58.

Formula used:

Average = sum of observations/Number of observations

Calculation:

According to the question

⇒ (42 + 49 + 61 + 55 + 58)

⇒ 265

Average = 265/5

= 53

∴ The average weight (in kg) of these five girls 53.

Given

Time = 5 hours

Speed = 50 km/hr

Formula used

Speed = Distance/Time

Calculation

Distance = 50 × 5 = 250 km

In the second lag:

Distance = 250 + 250 × 120/100 = 300 km

Speed = 50 + 50 × 120/100 = 60 km/hr

Time = 300/60 = 5 hours

In the third lag:

Distance = 300 + 300 × 110/100 = 330 km

Speed = (60 + 50)/2 = 55 km/hr

Time = 330/55 = 6 hours

Total time = 5 + 5 + 6 = 16 hours

The answer is 16 hours.

Given:

Monthly income = Rs 12,000

Monthly expenditure = Rs 8,000

Increase in income after a year = 10%

Increase in expenditure after a year = 8%

Concept Used:

New Amount = Original Amount + Percentage of Original Amount

Savings = Income – Expenditure

Calculation:

Savings before increase = 12000 – 8000 = Rs 4,000

Increase in income after a year = 12000 + 10% of 12000

Increase in income = 12000 + 120012100×1200012100×1200012100×1200012100×1200012100×12000

   = 12000 + 1200 = Rs 13200

Increase in expenditure = 8000 + 8% of 8000

Increase in expenditure = 8000 + 640 = Rs 8640

Savings after increase = 13200 – 8640 = Rs 4560

Increase in savings = Rs 4560 – 4000 = Rs 560

Savings percentage increase = 560/4000 × 100 9402000×100=479402000×100=479402000×100=479402000×100=479402000×100=47

  %

= 14%

Hence, the percentage increase in savings is 14%.

Shortcut Trick

Interest for 3 years on ₹6,400 = 8320 − 6400 = ₹1,920.

Interest per year on ₹6,400 = 1920 ÷ 3 = ₹640.

Rate of Interest = (640 ÷ 6400) × 100 = 10%.

Interest on ₹7,200 for 5 years = 7,200 × 10% × 5 = ₹3,600.

New Amount = 7,200 + 3,600 = ₹10,800.

∴ The correct answer is ₹10,800.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial Principal (P₁) = ₹6,400, Amount (A₁) = ₹8,320, Time (T₁) = 3 years.

Secondary Principal (P₂) = ₹7,200, Time (T₂) = 5 years.

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI)

Calculations:

⇒ SI₁ = A₁ − P₁ = 8,320 − 6,400 = ₹1,920

⇒ 1,920 = (6,400 × R × 3) ÷ 100

⇒ 1,920 = 64 × R × 3

⇒ R = 1,920 ÷ 192 = 10%

⇒ Now, SI₂ = (7,200 × 10 × 5) ÷ 100

⇒ SI₂ = 7,200 × 0.5 = ₹3,600

⇒ Final Amount (A₂) = P₂ + SI₂ = 7,200 + 3,600 = ₹10,800

∴ The correct answer is ₹10,800.

Additional Information

Relationship between SI and Rate

Simple interest is directly proportional to the principal, rate, and time. If the rate is constant, SI₁/SI₂ = (P₁ × T₁) / (P₂ × T₂).

Amount Formula

The total amount accumulated is A = P(1 + RT/100), where R is the annual interest rate and T is time in years.

Constant Rate Shortcut

If the principal changes from P₁ to P₂ and time from T₁ to T₂ at the same rate, the new interest is SI₂ = SI₁ × (P₂ × T₂) / (P₁ × T₁).

Given:

 PQ = 18 cm, QR = 13 cm and RP = 15 cm

Concept used:

A pair of tangent lines drawn from an external point to a circle are equal in length.

So, PF = PD, DQ = EQ and FR = RE

Calculation

Let PD be x cm,

then QD = (18 – x) cm

⇒ QE = (18 – x) cm

⇒ RE = 13 – (18 – x) = x – 5

⇒ RF = (x – 5)

⇒ PF = 15 – (x - 5) = 20 – x

⇒ 20 – x = x

⇒ 2x = 20

⇒ x = 20/2

⇒ x = 10 cm

⇒ PD = 10

The answer is 10.

Given

A works 3.5 times as fast as B

A takes less days to complete the work than B = 45

Formula Used

Efficiency = 1/Time [When work is same]

Calculation:

The ratio of efficiency of A and B = 7 : 2

The ratio of time of A and B = 2 : 7

Let us assume the time taken by A and B is 2x and 7x.

The difference in the number of days A and B = 45

⇒ 7x - 2x = 45

⇒ x = 45/5 = 9

So, Total Work = 9 × 14 = 126 units

Work completed by A and B in days = 126/9 = 14 days 

∴ The required answer is 14 days.

Given:

50 - [20 + (30 - (25 - 5)] 

Concept used:

Calculation:

⇒ 50 - [20 + (30 - (25 - 5)] 

⇒ 50 - [20 + (30 - 20)] 

⇒ 50 - [20 + 10] 

⇒ 50 - 30

⇒ 20

The answer is 20.

Given:

A sold an article to B at a profit of 25%.

B sold it to C at a profit.

The cost price of C is 30% more than the cost price of A

Concept used:

Profit = S.P. – C.P. (S.P. = Selling price, C.P.= Cost price)

S.P. = C.P. + (C.P. × profit%)

Calculation:

Let A buy the article for Rs.100x

A sold it to B at [100x + (100x × 25%)] = Rs.125x

B bought the article for Rs. 125x

C bought the article for = 100x + 100 × 30/100 = 130x

C's CP = B's SP

Profit earned by B = (130x – 125x) = Rs. 5x

Profit% = 5/125 × 100

= 4%

∴ The answer is 4%.

Calculation

The averages of the growth rate in coolers = (60 + 72 + 54 + 45)/4

= 231/4

The averages of the growth rate in fans = (27 + 18 + 30 + 20)/4

= 95/4

Difference = 231/4 - 95/4

= 136/4

= 34

The answer is 34.

Given

Distance = 3300

Time = 45 minutes

Formula used

Speed = Distance/Time

Calculation

⇒ 3300 m = 3.3 km

⇒ 45 min = 45/60 = 0.75 hours

Speed = 3.3/0.75 = 4.4 km/hr.

The answer is 4.4 km/hr.

Given

ΔQPS ≅ ΔSRQ

Concept used

Congruency: Two triangles are said to be congruent if they have all their corresponding sides and angles equal to each other

Calculation

According to the question,

∠P = ∠R

⇒ 106 = 2x + 12

⇒ 2x = 94

⇒ x = 94/2 = 47

∠QSR = 180 - 52 - 106 = 22

∠PSQ = ∠SQR = 52

∠S = 52 + 22 = 74°

The answer is 74°.

Given:

The successive discounts are 5%, 10% and p%

Single discount = 31.6%

Concept: If there are three successive discounts of a%, b% and c% on MP

SP = MP(100 - a)/100  × (100 - b)/100 × (100 - c)/100 

Formula used:

SP = MP × (100 - D%)/100

D% = (D/MP) × 100

Calculation:

Let MP be x

SP = x × (100 - 5)/100 × (100 - 10)/100 × (100 - p)/100

⇒ SP = x × 95/100 × 90/100 × (100 - p)/100

⇒ x × 95/100 × 90/100 × (100 - p)/100 =  x × (100 - 31.6)/100 

⇒ x × 19/20 × 9/10 × (100 - p)/100 =  x × 68.4/100 

⇒ (100 - p)/100 = 2 × 68.4/171

⇒ (100 - p)/100 = 0.8

⇒ (100 - p) = 80

⇒ p = 20

The value of P is 20%.

Calculation

The total production of Cotton = 114 + 120 + 121

= 355

The total production of Khadi = 118 + 120 + 125

= 363

The difference between the total production of Cotton and Khadi = 363 - 355 = 8

The answer is 8.

The correct answer is 'Irresolution'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym of the given word 'Perseverance' is 'Irresolution'.
• Perseverance: persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success. (दृढ़ता)
• Example: His perseverance with the technique illustrates his single-mindedness.
• Irresolution: hesitancy; uncertainty. (दुबिधा)
• Example: a moment of irresolution...

Correct Answer: Irresolution.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Obstinacy: the quality or condition of being obstinate; stubbornness. (हठ)
• Readiness: the state of being ready or prepared. [(किसी बात के लिए) तत्‍परता या मुस्‍तैदी]
• Eloquence: fluent or persuasive speaking or writing. (वाक्‌चातुर्य)

The correct answer is 'Congregation'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate word for the given group of words is 'Congregation'.
• Congregation: the act of coming together in a crowd or group; a gathering. (एकत्रित होने की क्रिया; सभा, जमाव)
• Example: the singing of psalms by the whole congregation...

Correct Answer: Congregation.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Crowd: a large number of people in one place. (भीड़, जनसमूह)
• Caravan: a large vehicle that is pulled by a car. You can sleep, cook, etc. in a caravan when you are travelling or on holiday. (कारयुक्त बड़ा वाहन जिसमें आमोद यात्रा के दौरान रहने, सोने, खाना पकाने आदि का प्रबंध होता है; कारवाँ)
• Constellation: a group of stars that forms a pattern and has a name. (तारों का वह समूह जिससे कोई आकार बनता है तथा उसका कोई नाम होता है; तारामंडल, नक्षत्र)

The correct answer is 'in a'.

Key Points

• The error in the sentence is in the article used before "hour."
• The correct article to use is "an" instead of "a."
• The reason for using "an" instead of "a" is based on the rule of using the article "an" before words that begin with a vowel sound.
• In this case, although "hour" starts with the consonant 'h', it has a vowel sound (pronounced as "ow-er"), so the correct article to use is "an." 

Correct Sentence: He will return in an hour.

The correct answer is 'Departure'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym of the given word 'Arrival' is 'Departure'.
• Arrival: reaching the place to which you were travelling. [(किसी स्‍थान पर) आगमन, पहुँच]
• Example: We were told our rooms had not been reserved on our arrival.
• Departure: leaving or going away from a place. (प्रस्‍थान क्रिया, रवानगी)
• Example: Passengers should check in at least one hour before departure.

Correct Answer: Departure.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Timing: the time when something is planned to happen. (कुछ करने या घटित होने के लिए निर्धारित समय; समय-निर्धारण)
• Entrance: the door, gate, or opening where you go into a place. (प्रवेश द्वार)
• Appearance: the way that somebody/something looks or seems. (व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु का बाहरी रूप; रूप-रंग)

The correct answer is 'BADC'.

Key Points

• The logical sequence of the given question is as follows:
• B. The Indian union cabinet approved the country's national education strategy on 29 July 2020.
• This line introduces the inception of the national education strategy in India, signifying an important event where the strategy was officially sanctioned.
• A. It superseded India's previous educational strategy, which was created in 1986.
• Here, it's explained that the newly approved strategy replaced the old one from 1986, indicating a shift or upgrade in the educational approach taken by the country.
• D. This policy significantly improves India's educational system. Restructuring India's educational system is the primary goal of the National Education Policy 2022.
• This line elaborates on the impact and goal of the new strategy, emphasizing its purpose of reforming and enhancing the educational system in India.
• C. And it provides a framework for education from the primary grades up to higher education, as well as for vocational training in both urban and rural settings.
• Lastly, this sentence outlines the comprehensive nature of the strategy, indicating that it covers education from primary levels through higher education, along with vocational training in diverse settings, thus completing the contextual picture of the national education strategy.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct Sequence: The Indian union cabinet approved the country's national education strategy on 29 July 2020.  It superseded India's previous educational strategy, which was created in 1986. This policy significantly improves India's educational system. Restructuring India's educational system is the primary goal of the National Education Policy 2022.  And it provides a framework for education from the primary grades up to higher education, as well as for vocational training in both urban and rural settings.

Important Points

• Practice is key! Regularly practicing rearranging sentences or paragraphs will improve your ability to discern logical sequences and enhance your overall comprehension skills.
• When facing questions that require rearranging sentences or paragraphs to form a coherent sequence, consider the following steps:
• Read Carefully: Go through each sentence attentively to understand its context, topic, and the information it provides. Note any connecting phrases or words that link sentences together.
• Identify the Logical Flow: Look for clues within the sentences that indicate a sequence. Sentences might introduce a topic, provide details, give examples, or conclude the idea. Pay attention to time markers, cause-and-effect relationships, or other transitional phrases.
• Start with Key Points: Sometimes, certain sentences act as introductory or concluding statements. Begin with sentences that introduce the topic or provide a conclusion, as they often set the context or summarize the content.
• Connect Related Ideas: Identify relationships between sentences. For example, a sentence might explain or support the idea presented in the previous sentence. Look for coherence and progression in the ideas presented.
• Consider Keyword Consistency: Check for keywords or recurring themes that link sentences. These can help establish a logical sequence. Pay attention to pronouns (he, it, they) referring to previously mentioned subjects.
• Evaluate Options: Once you have a tentative sequence, review it to ensure that the ideas flow logically and coherently. Eliminate options that disrupt the logical flow or create inconsistencies.
• Test the Flow: Mentally or visually run through the proposed sequence to verify if it reads smoothly and makes sense. Ensure that there's a clear progression from the beginning to the end.
• Double-Check: Before finalizing your answer, double-check the sequence to confirm that it presents a cohesive and logical progression of ideas.

The correct answer is 'took over'.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, "took over" is the appropriate phrasal verb that denotes assuming control or responsibility from someone else (किसी और से नियंत्रण या जिम्मेदारी लेना), making it the correct choice in this context.
• "Took over" means assuming control or responsibility from someone else.
• In the context provided, Mohan is assumed to assume the responsibility or control of the Centre for Life Skills from Mustafa. 

Correct Sentence: Mohan took over the charge of Centre for Life Skills from Mustafa.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other options:
• took out: This phrasal verb usually means to remove something or to extract (किसी चीज़ को हटाना या निकालना), but it doesn't fit the context of assuming control or responsibility.
• took through: This phrase doesn't commonly exist as a phrasal verb. "Take through" might mean guiding or leading someone through a process, but it doesn’t align with the context provided.
• took off: This phrasal verb typically means to depart quickly or to become successful suddenly (शीघ्र प्रस्थान करना या अचानक सफल होना). It doesn't suit the context of assuming responsibility or control.

The correct answer is 'The driver was under suspicion after the police found blood on his car.'

Key Points

• The sentence that provides the meaning of the idiom "under the cloud" is: 2) The driver was under suspicion after the police found blood on his car.
• Explanation: The idiom "under the cloud" typically refers to being in a situation of trouble, disgrace, or suspicion. In the provided sentence, the driver being "under suspicion" aligns with the meaning of the idiom, indicating a negative or questionable situation.

Correct Answer: The driver was under suspicion after the police found blood on his car. 

Additional Information

• Origin: The origin of the idiom "under the cloud" is believed to date back centuries and likely comes from the association of clouds with uncertainty or trouble. Being "under a cloud" signifies being in a shadow or obscured by something negative, much like how a literal cloud can cast a shadow on the ground. Over time, it has been used figuratively to imply being in an unfavorable or problematic situation.

The correct answer is 'Agony'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to substitute for "pain" in the sentence "Bajrang is in extreme pain in his teeth" would be: Agony
• Explanation: While all the options convey a sense of discomfort or physical sensation, "agony" specifically emphasizes an intense and extreme level of pain. In the context of severe tooth pain, "agony" best expresses the level of discomfort Bajrang is experiencing. 
• Example: "Bajrang is in extreme agony due to his toothache."

Correct Answer: Agony.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Enjoy: be happy and elated. (खुश और उत्साहित रहो)
• Hurt: to cause somebody/yourself physical pain or injury. (अपने या किसी को तकलीफ़ देना या चोट पहुँचाना)
• Sting: to make somebody/something feel a sudden, sharp pain. (काटने का-सा एकाएक तीखा दर्द पैदा करना)

The correct answer is 'Repulcive'.

Key Points

• The incorrectly spelled word is: Repulcive.
• Repulsive (घृणित) - Arousing intense disgust or aversion.
• Example: "The sight of the decaying food was utterly repulsive."
• Let's look at the meaning of other examples: 
• Nocturnal (निशाचर) - Relating to or occurring during the night.
• Scoreboard (स्कोरबोर्ड) - A large board or electronic display that shows the score in a game or competition.
• Irrespective (चाहे जैसा भी) - Regardless of, without taking into account.

Correct Answer: Repulcive.

The correct answer is 'certain'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym of the word 'Unsure' from the given sentence is: 2) certain.
• Explanation: "Unsure" means uncertain or having doubts. The word that represents the opposite meaning, or antonym, in this context is "certain," indicating a state of confidence or assurance about something.
• In the sentence, it's mentioned that the date for the retirement surprise is uncertain, hence the opposite of uncertain in this context is "certain."

Correct Answer: certain.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• date: a particular day of the month or year. (महीने या वर्ष का विशेष दिन, तिथि, दिनांक, तारीख़)
• customised: modify (something) to suit a particular individual or task. (स्वनिर्धारित)
• handicrafts: an activity that needs skill with the hands as well as artistic ability, for example sewing. [हस्‍तकौशल तथा कलात्‍मक क्षमता वाली गतिविधि (जैसे सीना-पिरोना); हस्‍तशिल्‍प]

The correct answer is 'Convicted'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym of the underlined word 'Acquitted' is 'Convicted'
• Acquitted: to state formally that a person is not guilty of a crime. (किसी के निर्दोष होने की विधिवत घोषणा करना)
• Example: The jury acquitted her of murder.
• Convicted: to say officially in a court of law that somebody is guilty of a crime. (न्‍यायालय द्वारा अपराधी या दोषी ठहराया जाना)
• Example: He was convicted of armed robbery and sent to prison.

Correct Answer: Convicted.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Conformed: to obey a rule or law. (नियम या क़ानून का अनुपालन करना; के अनुसार होना; संगत होना)
• Discharged: to send something out (a liquid, gas, etc.) [(द्रव, गैस आदि को) छोड़ना]
• Praised: to say that somebody/something is good and should be admired. (व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु की प्रशंसा करना, उसे सराहना)

The correct answer is 'conceited'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym of the underlined word 'modest' is 'conceited'.
• Modest: not talking too much about your own abilities, good qualities, etc. [विनम्र, विनीत (अपनी क्षमताओं आदि का बखान न करने वाला)]
• Example: She got the best results in the exam but she was too modest to tell anyone.
• Conceited: excessively proud of oneself; vain. (अहंकारी, घमंडी)
• Example: He’s so conceited—he thinks he’s the best at everything!

Correct Answer: conceited.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• distant: a long way away in space or time. (स्‍थान या समय की दृष्टि से काफ़ी दूर)
• unpresuming: modest; unassuming. (निःसंदेह)
• obvious: easily seen or understood; clear. (जो आसानी से दिखाई दे या समझ में आए; स्‍पष्‍ट)

The correct answer is 'resplendent'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the given word 'luminous' is 'resplendent'.
• Luminous: that shines in the dark. (अँधेरे में चमकने वाला)
• Example: a luminous watch...
• Resplendent: brightly coloured in an attractive and impressive way. (आकर्षक ढंग से चमकीला; दमकता हुआ, चमचमाता हुआ; देदीप्यमान)
• Example: My mother looked resplendent in a red silk sari.

​Correct Answer: resplendent.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• impudent: very rude; lacking respect and not polite. (बहुत अशिष्‍ट; आदरभाव और नम्रता से रहित, निर्लज्ज)
• strident: (used about a voice or a sound) loud and unpleasant. [(स्‍वर या ध्वनि) तीव्र और कर्णकटु; कानफोड़ू, तीक्ष्‍ण]
• transcendent: beyond or above the range of normal or physical human experience. (उत्कृष्ट)