SSC CGL 2023 Tier-I Official Paper (Held On: 19 Jul 2023 Shift 4) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is :-

"ENVOY" is written as "DMUNX".

and

"CHECK" is written as "BGDBJ".

Similarly,

"ANGLE" will be written as :

Hence, the correct answer is "ZMFKD".

The logic followed here is :- 

​(Second number)² - 2 = First Number

(Third Number)² - 2 = Second Number

(194, 14, 4) → (14)² - 2 = 194

4² - 2 = 14

and

(527, 23, 5) → (23)² - 2 = 527

5² - 2 = 23

Similarly,

(2, 2, 2) → (2)²​ - 2 = 2

2² - 2 = 2

Hence, the correct answer is "(2, 2, 2)".

The logic followed here is :-

• Running is type of sport.
• Swimming is a type of sport.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is :-

Doctor do duty in hospitals.

Similarly,

Lawyer do duty in court.

Hence, the correct answer is "Court".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed at MN as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is :-

'TURNIP' is coded as VNRUWU.

and

'DAIKON' is coded as TTOLCE.

Similarly,

'RADISH' will be coded as :

Hence, the correct answer is "NXMGCS".

The logic here is

1. (125, 91) → (5³, 5 × (5 + 1) × 3 + 1)

2. (64, 61) → (4³, 4 × (4 + 1) × 3 + 1)

3. (27, 37) → (3³, 3 × (3 + 1) × 3 + 1)

4. (8, 20) → (2³, 2 × (2 + 1) × 3 + 1) → (8, 19)

Hence, the correct answer is "(8, 20)"

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "23".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbol:

Family Tree :-

 

∴ Here, the person in the competition is sister to Rahul.

Hence, the correct answer is "Sister".

The logic followed here is :-

By using BODMAS RULE :

The given equation is 24 × 9 + 6 ÷ 24 - 18 = 22.

Let's see which option makes this equation correct:

Option 1) 18 and 22, + and -

Using this option, the equation becomes 24 × 9 - 6 ÷ 24 + 22 = 18.

 24 × 9 - 0.25 + 22 = 18.

216 - 0.25 + 22 = 18.

237.75 ≠ 18

Which is incorrect.

Option 2)  24 and 6, × and +   

By this option, the equation reads 6 + 9 × 24 ÷ 6 - 18 = 22. 

 6 + 9 × 4 - 18 = 22. 

6 + 36 - 18 = 22,

24 ≠ 22,

Which is incorrect.

Option 3) 6 and 9, ÷ and + 

Using this option, the equation becomes 24 × 6 ÷  9 + 24 - 18 = 22.

16 + 24 - 18 = 22

40 - 18 = 22

Which is correct.

Option 4) 6 and 18, ÷ and × 

Using this option, the equation becomes 24 ÷ 9 + 18 × 24 - 6 = 22. 

2.67 + 432 - 6 = 22

428.67 ≠ 22,

Which is incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer option 3.

In first and Second dice 5 and 1 is common.

In second and Third dice 6 and 1 are common.

• First dice is rotated horizontally 90 degrees in anti-clockwise direction
• Second dice is rotated vertically 90 degrees in anti-clockwise direction.

∴ Here, the opposite face of '3' is '1'.

Hence, the correct answer is "1".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "ECG".

The logic followed here is :-

'GINGER' is coded as LZCKGF.

and

'GARLIC' is coded as WDHOYF.

Similarly,

'CLOVES' will be coded as :

Hence, the correct answer is "MZRLJB".

The logic here is

(62, 5, 8) →

(62 + 8) ÷ 14 = 5

(87,7,11) →

(87 + 11) ÷ 14 = 7

Similarly,

(112, 9, 14) →

(112 + 14) ÷ 14 = 9

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed at MN as shown below :

Detailed Explanation:

• The line MN is the mirror.
• The word 'bwqR72' ends with last number '2'. So, the mirror image should be '

' ⇒ Option 3 and 4 are eliminated.

• The word 'bwqR72' ends with last third letter 'R'. So, the mirror image will be '

' ⇒ Option 2 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is :-

(First number² + Second number²) × 2 = Third number

• (4, 5, 82) → (4² + 5²) × 2 = (16 + 25) × 2 = 41 × 2 = 82

and

• (6, 11, 314) → (6² + 11²) × 2 = (36 + 121) × 2 = 157 × 2 = 314

Similarly,

1. (7, 10, 298) → (7² + 10²) × 2 = (49 + 100) × 2 = 149 × 2 = 298

2. (13, 15, 788) → (13² + 15²) × 2 = (169 + 225) × 2 = 394 × 2 = 788

3) (11, 9, 560) → (11² + 9²) × 2 = (121 + 81) × 2 = 202 × 2 = 404 ≠ 560

4. (9, 8, 290) → (9² + 8²) × 2 = (81 + 64) × 2 = 145 × 2 = 290

∴ Here, '(11, 9, 560)' is NOT related in the same way as are the numbers of the following sets.

Hence, the correct answer is "(11, 9, 560)".

Mistake Points

According to the question, "Which numbers are NOT related in the same way as the numbers of the following sets"

Option 3 is not related to the given sets. So option 3 is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :-

(First number² - Second number²) - 8

• (7, 5, 16) → (7² - 5²) - 8 = (49 - 25) - 8 = 24 - 8 = 16

and

• (12, 10, 36) → (12² - 10²) - 8 = (144 - 100) - 8 = 44 - 8 = 36

Similarly,

• (8, 7, 7) → (8² - 7²) - 8 = (64 - 49) - 8 = 15 - 8 = 7

Hence, the correct answer is "(8, 7, 7)".

The arrangement of the given words in the order in which they appear in an English dictionary is as shown below :

2. Missing
3. Mission
4. Mistaken
5. Mistress
6. Mistrust
7. Mistyped

Hence, the correct answer is "2, 5, 1, 6, 4, 3".

Given :- N O P _ Q N O _ I Q N _ P H Q _ O P G _

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1) P J N O Q → N O P P Q - N O J I Q - N N P H Q - O O P G Q

2) J P O N Q → N O P J Q - N O P I Q - N O P H Q - N O P G Q

• Here, '

' is repeated.

3) P J O N O → N O P P Q - N O J I Q - N O P H Q - N O P G O

4) J P Q N O → N O P J Q - N O P I Q - N Q P H Q - N O P G O

• Option (2) gives the pattern of :- N O P J Q - N O P I Q - N O P H Q - N O P G Q

Hence, the correct answer is "J P O N Q".

The logic followed here is :-

1) PUXZ

2) CHLP

3) TYBD 

4) SXAC

∴ Here, 'CHLP' is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "CHLP".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given relations is as shown below :-

• All Dialect are languages.
• All languages are for communication.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed at AB is as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is :-

By using BODMAS RULE :

Option 1) : × and +, 30 and 25

Given equation is  : 25 - 10 ÷ 5 + 15 × 30 = 55

After interchanging the two numbers and two signs the equation is as follows : 30 - 10 ÷ 5 × 15 + 25 = 55

⇒ 30 - 10 ÷ 5 × 15 + 25 = 55

⇒ 30 - 2 × 15 + 25 = 55

⇒ 30 - 30 + 25 = 55

⇒ 55 - 30 = 55

⇒ 25 ≠ 55

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) : ÷ and +, 15 and 10

Given equation is  : 25 - 10 ÷ 5 + 15 × 30 = 55

After interchanging the two numbers and two signs the equation is as follows : 25 - 15 + 5 ÷ 10 × 30 = 55

⇒ 25 - 15 + 5 ÷ 10 × 30 = 55

⇒ 25 - 15 + 0.5 × 30 = 55

⇒ 25 - 15 + 15 = 55

⇒ 40 - 15 = 55

⇒ 25 ≠ 55

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 3) : × and -, 15 and 10

Given equation is  : 25 - 10 ÷ 5 + 15 × 30 = 55

After interchanging the two numbers and two signs the equation is as follows : 25 × 15 ÷ 5 + 10 - 30 = 55

⇒ 25 × 15 ÷ 5 + 10 - 30 = 55

⇒ 25 × 3 + 10 - 30 = 55

⇒ 75 + 10 - 30 = 55

⇒ 85 - 30 = 55

⇒ 55 = 55

LHS = RHS

Option 4) : + and -, 5 and 10

Given equation is  : 25 - 10 ÷ 5 + 15 × 30 = 55

After interchanging the two numbers and two signs the equation is as follows : 25 + 5 ÷ 10 - 15 × 30 = 55

⇒ 25 + 5 ÷ 10 - 15 × 30 = 55

⇒ 25 + 0.5 - 15 × 30 = 55

⇒ 25 + 0.5 - 450 = 55

⇒ 25.5 - 450 = 55

⇒ -424.5 ≠ 55

LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "× and -, 15 and 10".

The figure that will come next in the following figure series is as shown below :

• The image is rotated 90 degrees in clockwise from figure to figure.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is Australian Open.

Key Points

• The Australian Open took place at Melbourne Park, Australia from 17 to 30 January 2022.
• It was the 110^th edition of the Australian Open and the first Grand Slam of the year.
• The men’s singles title was won by Rafael Nadal, who won his 21^st major title and his second Australian Open.
• The women’s singles title was won by Ashleigh Barty, who won her first Australian Open title and third major title.
• Barty was the first Australian to win the title since Chris O’Neil won the title in 1978.

Additional InformationDetails of the other Grand Slam tournaments of 2022

• French Open:
• The French Open was held at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France, from 22 May to 5 June 2022.
• It was the 126^th edition of the French Open and the second Grand Slam event of 2022.
• The men’s singles title was won for the 14^th time by Rafael Nadal, who won his 22^nd Grand Slam title.
• The women’s singles title was won by Iga Świątek, who won her second French Open and second grand slam title, having won her first at the 2020 French Open.
• Wimbledon:
• Wimbledon took place at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom from 27 June to 10 July 2022.
• It was the 135^th edition of Wimbledon and the third Grand Slam tournament of the year.
• Novak Djokovic successfully defended his gentlemen’s singles title to claim his 21^st major title, defeating Nick Kyrgios in the final.
• The ladies’ singles title was won by Elena Rybakina, who defeated Ons Jabeur in the final.
• US Open:
• The US Open took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City from August 29 – September 11, 2022.
• It was the 142^nd edition of tennis’ US Open and the fourth and final tennis major (Grand Slam event) of the year.
• Carlos Alcaraz and Iga Świątek won the men’s and women’s singles titles, respectively.
• Carlos became the first male player from the 2000s (born in 2003) and Iga became the second female player from the 2000s (born in 2001), to win the tournament’s singles titles.

The correct answer is He conceptualised the framework for the Second Five-Year Plan.

Key Points

• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was an Indian statistician who played a significant role in formulating India's strategy for industrialization in the Second Five-Year Plan (1956–61).
• The Plan, influenced by the Mahalanobis model, stressed the importance of boosting the public sector's role in the economy and targeted significant growth in sectors like steel, electricity, and heavy machinery.
• Although Mahalanobis was not the chairman of the Planning Commission nor the Finance Ministry during this time, his contributions were instrumental for the execution of the economic strategy during the Plan period.
• Therefore, his name is often mentioned alongside the development of these five-year plans in India.

Additional Information Second Five year plan:

• The Second Five-Year Plan, also known as the Mahalanobis Plan, was proposed by Indian statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in 1955. It was in effect from 1956 to 1961.
• This plan focused on the development of the public sector and aimed to create a socialistic pattern of society.
• This Plan set the precedence for a predominant role of the state which would determine the direction of the economy.
• A substantial part of the plan was focused on increasing industrialization, with a particular emphasis on the development of heavy industries such as steel, heavy engineering, machine making, etc.
• The Plan aimed at a 25% increase in the national income over a period of five years and a transformation in the pattern of industrial production.
• However, the Plan was only partially successful in achieving its objectives, and the target growth rate of national income (5%) was not achieved. Still, it set a clear path for future industrial policies in India.

The correct answer is Annelida.

Key Points

• Annelida is the phylum that includes animals found in freshwater ponds, lakes, and swamps that utilize setae or parapodia for locomotion.
• Examples of annelids include earthworms, leeches, and marine worms.
• This phylum includes around 22,000 species of segmented worms.
• Annelids have bodies that are divided internally and externally into well-defined segments with circular and longitudinal muscle fibres.
• They exhibit a wide range of adaptations where they have evolved to be present in diverse habitats - terrestrial, marine and freshwater environments. Segmentation provides for such locomotory adaptability.

Additional Information

• Ctenophora:
• Ctenophora, commonly known as comb jellies, represents a phylum of invertebrate animals that live in marine environments.
• They are characterized by their gelatinous bodies and the 'combs,' or rows of cilia, they utilize for movement.
• Contrary to some initial assumptions, they do not sting like jellyfish.
• Porifera:
• Porifera is the phylum that includes sponges. These are typically marine animals, though some freshwater species exist.
• They are known for their porous bodies and the fact that they are sessile, meaning they attach themselves to the substrate and do not move around.
• Sponges play a crucial role in marine ecosystems by filtering water and providing habitats for numerous small aquatic creatures.
• Platyhelminthes:
• The phylum Platyhelminthes includes flatworms, such as tapeworms and flukes.
• These animals are often parasitic, living at the expense of a host organism. They can be found in a variety of environments.
• Their bodies are dorsoventrally flattened, hence the name "flatworms," and they are bilaterally symmetrical

The correct answer is National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).

Key Points

• The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India.
• Operationalised in 1995, the NHAI is responsible for the management of a network of over 70,000 km of national highways in the country.
• It was given the mandate for the development, maintenance, and management of National Highways, which are the arterial roads of the country, designed for high-speed traffic.
• The NHAI is involved in the planning and implementation of various projects like the National Highways Development Project (NHDP), which encompasses the Golden Quadrilateral and the North-South and East-West Corridors.
• It carries out highway projects through a model of public private partnership (PPP) in addition to receiving budgetary support from the central government.

Additional Information

• Border Roads Organization (BRO):
• The BRO is tasked with maintaining road networks in India's border areas and friendly neighbouring countries.
• It works under the Ministry of Defence and plays a crucial role in the strategic and tactical movement of the armed forces.
• Centre for Railway Information System (CRIS):
• CRIS is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Railways.
• It develops and manages the critical Information Technology applications of the Indian Railways.
• Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI):
• IWAI is the statutory authority in charge of the waterways in India for the purpose of shipping and navigation.
• Its tasks include the development and regulation of inland waterways for shipping and navigation.
• It operates under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.

The correct answer is 2011.

Key Points

• The 2011 Census was the 15^th National Census of India since 1872 and was conducted under the guidance of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India in the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
• The slogan of the 2011 Census was 'Our Census, Our Future', emphasizing the role of the census in directing future planning and resource allocation.
• The Census collected data on population (including gender, urban and rural distribution, literacy rate, etc.), works, economies, and other demographic information of the country.
• With nearly 2.7 million enumerators involved in data collection, it was the largest administrative exercise conducted by any government in the world.
• The Census unveiled a wealth of valuable information including that India's population had reached 1.21 billion, an increase of more than 181 million people over the last decade, that the gender ratio had slightly improved, and that there had been significant strides in literacy rates.
• The 2011 Census also deployed an updated version of Houselisting and Housing Census (HHC) to gather information about the various geographical and infrastructural dimensions of housing and amenities across the country.

Additional Information

• Census in India:
• It was done for the first time in 1872 under the British Viceroy Lord Mayo.
• After that, it is conducted at intervals every 10 years.
• However, the first complete census of India was conducted in 1881.
• Since 1949, it is conducted by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
• All censuses after 1951 were conducted under the 1948 Census Act.
• As of 2011, the Census of India has been conducted 15 times.​

Important Points 

• According to the State Census 2011,
• The most populated state in India is Uttar Pradesh with a population of 19.96 crores.
• The least populated state in the country is Sikkim with a population of 60, 7688.
• Mizoram is the second least populous state in India with around 1,091,014 population.
• Arunachal Pradesh is the third least populous state.

The correct answer is self-help groups.

Key Points

• Microfinance or microcredit refers to the provision of financial services, including loans, savings, insurance, and training to people living in poverty.
• These services are typically targeted at underserved populations who do not have access to typical banking services. The approach is designed to support entrepreneurship, empower poor individuals, and stimulate economic growth.
• In this mode of operation, bank credit is extended to the poor through Self Help Groups (SHGs), which are small voluntary associations of poor people created for the purpose of solving their common problems.
• SHGs usually consist of 10-20 individuals from a homogeneous class who come together to pool their resources to cope with emergencies, provide collateral-free loans to members, and often serve as a conduit for formal banking services.
• This approach has proven successful in reaching large numbers of poor individuals, particularly women, and allowing them to partake in income-generating activities.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• Uttar Pradesh ranks first in the country with a total length of 31.2 thousand kilometers of Rivers and Canals. This constitutes about 17% of the total length of rivers and canals in India.
• The state is drained by two major rivers, the Ganges and the Yamuna, as well as a number of their significant tributaries such as the Ghaghara, Gomti, Chambal, Betwa, and Ken.
• Canals form an integral part of Uttar Pradesh's irrigation system. The Upper Ganges Canal, one of the oldest canals in India, and the Lower Ganges Canal are the lifeblood of swathes of agricultural land in the state.
• These rivers and canals play a critical role in supporting agriculture, which is the mainstay of the state's economy, providing necessary water for farming.
• The extensive network of rivers and canals also supports fisheries and local commerce, and holds cultural and religious significance, with towns like Varanasi and Allahabad being significant religious hubs due to their location on the banks of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers respectively.
• However, water management remains a significant challenge, with issues of drought in some areas and floods in others due to variable rainfall and limited storage capacity.

The correct answer is 1967.

Key Points

• Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL) was incorporated on November 9, 1967.
• It is a public sector undertaking under the administrative control of the Ministry of Mines, Government of India.
• HCL is involved in exploration, mining, beneficiation, smelting, refining and casting of refined copper metal. It is India's only vertically integrated copper producer and is involved in a wide spectrum of activities in the metal sector.
• HCL's mines and plants are spread across four operating units, namely: Khetri Copper Complex in Rajasthan, Indian Copper Complex in Jharkhand, Malanjkhand Copper Project in Madhya Pradesh, and Taloja Copper Project in Maharashtra.
• It is also responsible for contributing to the supply of copper products, like copper cathodes, continuous cast copper rods, and other by products, such as gold, silver, and sulphuric acid, to the Indian market.
• In the recent years, HCL has been focusing on increasing its production capacity and upgrading its older mines and plants, demonstrating its commitment to the development of the nation's copper industry.
• As a leading copper manufacturer in the country, HCL plays a significant role in India's metal industry, influencing the country's industrial growth and contributing significantly to the nation's economy.

The correct answer is Enriching India-Sri Lanka ties through Indian classical dance.

Key Points

• Vajira Chitrasena is a renowned artist from Sri Lanka.
• She was awarded the Padma Shri in 2020, which is India's fourth highest civilian honor.
• Her key contribution was in the field of dance.
• Her work has played a significant role in enriching the cultural environments of both India and Sri Lanka.
• Through her Indian classical dance, she has strengthened ties between India and Sri Lanka.

Additional Information

• Padma Shri award:
• The Padma Shri award is one of the highest civilian honors in India, regarded as the fourth highest.
• It was instituted by the Government of India in 1954.
• This award recognizes and appreciates distinguished contributions in various areas of activity such as arts, education, industry, literature, science, acting, medicine, social service and public affairs.
• The award holds a lower rank compared to Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, and Padma Bhushan awards.
• Every year, the awards are announced as part of the Republic Day festivities in January, and presented later by the President of India.
• Despite being primarily awarded to Indian citizens, the award can also be conferred upon individuals of any nationality who have contributed in a significant way to India or the broader Indian diaspora.

The correct answer is Guglielmo Marconi.

Key Points

• Guglielmo Marconi was an Italian inventor and electrical engineer.
• He conducted pioneering work in long-distance radio transmission.
• Marconi developed a practical radio wave-based wireless telegraph system in the late 19^th century.
• His system was able to transmit signals over distances of several kilometers.
• Marconi's contributions helped significantly expand the field of telecommunications.
• His work was recognized internationally when he was awarded the **Nobel Prize for Physics in 1909.**​

Additional Information

• Michael Faraday:
• Michael Faraday was a British scientist who contributed significantly to the field of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
• He discovered electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and the laws of electrolysis.
• Although Faraday discovered electromagnetic fields, he did not work on radio wave transmission.
• Paul Langevin:
• Paul Langevin was a French physicist.
• He is known for his work in developing Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation.
• He developed the use of ultrasound using piezoelectricity but wasn't involved in radio wave transmission.
• Pierre Weiss:
• Pierre Weiss was a French physicist known for his work in magnetism.
• He introduced the concept of magnetic domains, which helps explain the magnetic behavior in ferromagnetic materials.
• His main work was on magnetism, not on radio wave transmission.

The correct answer is London.

Key Points

• Shyamji Krishna Varma was a scholar, lawyer, and a significant figure in the Indian independence movement.
• He established "India House" in London.
• "India House" was set up in the year 1905.
• It functioned as a hostel for Indian students studying in England.
• More than just a hostel, it emerged as a central hub for the promotion of Indian nationalism in an overseas context.
• "India House" played an influential role in igniting revolutionary ideas among young Indians, thus contributing significantly to the Indian independence movement.

The correct answer is gig workers.

Key Points

• The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) is India's main regulatory body for pension funds.
• In December 2022, the PFRDA made a significant recommendation to the federal government of India.
• The authority proposed an introduction of a pension scheme for the country's gig workers.
• This scheme is intended to be similar to the UK's pension scheme.
• The recommendation is a step towards expanding pension coverage across various sectors in India.
• This move aims at enhancing social security measures for gig workers, who traditionally lack such protections due to their employment status.

The correct answer is 2021-22.

Key Points

• The Prime Minister Atmanirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana (PMASBY) was announced in the Indian Union Budget for the fiscal year 2021-22.
• This scheme aligns with the central government's initiative towards achieving 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' (Self-Reliant India).
• The purpose of this scheme is to develop capacities of health care systems, develop institutions, and create a network that provides universal access to public health services.
• The scheme has an outlay of around Rs. 64,180 Cr, which is intended to be spread over six years.
• It is said to have a significant impact on the rural and urban health scenarios in the country by fulfilling the needs of healthcare systems.
• With the help of PMASBY, the government aims to detect and cure emerging diseases at the local level, thereby strengthening the entire health care system in India.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• 'Lokrang' is a prominent cultural festival held annually in Madhya Pradesh.
• The festival begins every year on 26^th January.
• This event has a duration of five days.
• 'Lokrang' showcases the rich traditional folk dances and music of the region.
• The festival exhibits a wide range of cultural performances, including tribal dances, classical dances, dramas, and folk theaters.
• It is an event that reflects the vast cultural diversity of Madhya Pradesh and offers an engaging cultural experience for visitors.

Additional InformationFestivals of Other States:

• Arunachal Pradesh:
• Arunachal Pradesh is known for its rich tribal culture with 26 major tribes and numerous sub-tribes.
• The Solung festival, celebrated by the Adi tribe, is one of the most prominent in the state.
• The state is also known for traditional crafts like weaving, wood carving, and pottery.
• Himachal Pradesh:
• Himachal Pradesh hosts a variety of local festivals such as Kullu Dussehra and Lavi Fair.
• It's also renowned for its rich tradition in folk dance and music, such as the popular Nati dance.
• The 'Rampur Jatar' is a well-known fair that displays traditional folk art and craft.
• Uttar Pradesh:
• Uttar Pradesh is known for its diverse culture and traditions.
• Festivals like Diwali, Holi, and Eid are celebrated with great fervour.
• Kumbh Mela, a large-scale Hindu pilgrim festival, is held in the city of Prayagraj (formerly Allahabad), attracting millions of devotees.
• Uttar Pradesh also has a rich tradition of classical music and dance, including Kathak, one of the eight classical dance forms of India.

The correct answer is Shah Jahan.

Key Points

• Pietra dura is an intricate art form that involves inlaying semi-precious stones into a stone base.
• This form of decoration became highly popular during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.
• Shah Jahan is famed for his patronage of arts and architecture, most notably, the construction of the iconic Taj Mahal.
• Pietra dura was extensively used to embellish the Taj Mahal. The floral patterns and detailed designs one can observe on the monument are excellent examples of this art form.
• The intricate work in Pietra dura reflects the high level of craftsmanship prevalent during Shah Jahan's period.
• Pietra dura continues to be appreciated today for its aesthetic appeal and exquisite craftsmanship.​

​

Additional Information

• Jahangir:
• Jahangir was the fourth Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1605 until his death in 1627.
• He was known for his love of art, culture, and architecture, with a keen interest in natural history, which is reflected in many paintings from his era.
• Jahangir continued his father Akbar's traditions of encouraging art and learning but had a more refined taste, resulting in more detailed and nuanced artworks during his period.
• Sher Shah Suri:
• Sher Shah Suri was the founder of the Suri Empire in India.
• His reign from 1540 to 1545 was marked by the implementation of several administrative reforms and the commissioning of significant infrastructural projects like roads and inns.
• Sher Shah's most famous architectural contribution is the Old Fort (Purana Qila) in Delhi, reflecting his commitment to civic utilities and effective administration.
• Akbar:
• Akbar was the third Mughal Emperor, ruling from 1556 to 1605.
• Recognized as one of the greatest Mughal rulers, Akbar's reign was marked by advancements in literature, art, and culture.
• He commissioned prominent architectural projects, illustrating his dedication to art and culture. The city of Fatehpur Sikri, in particular, stands as a testament to Akbar's architectural prowess.
• Also, he introduced a unique painting style known as the Akbari style, intermingling Persian and Indian artistic traditions.

The correct answer is Khudiram Bose.

Key Points

• In 1908, a significant act of rebellion against British rule occurred in India.
• Two young Indian revolutionaries, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki, were involved in this act.
• They targeted a carriage they believed to be carrying Judge Kingsford, a British judge posted at Muzzafarpur, who was unpopular due to his cruel sentences handed to young political activists.
• Kingsford had incurred widespread anger due to his harsh and punitive judgements.
• The revolutionary plan, however, did not go as intended, resulting in the death of two British women instead, due to a mistaken identity.
• This event is seen as a milestone in the annals of Indian revolutionary history, marking the rise of a new wave of militant nationalism.

​

Additional Information

• Bhagat Singh:
• Bhagat Singh was a significant figure in the Indian independence movement against British rule.
• Known for his bold actions, like the bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi, he sought to draw attention to India's fight for independence.
• He was associated with the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), which later became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).
• Bhagat Singh, along with his associates Rajguru and Sukhdev, was hanged by colonial authorities on March 23, 1931.
• He is regarded as a martyr and is celebrated as a national hero in India.
• Rajguru:
• Rajguru, whose actual name was Shivaram Rajguru, was an Indian revolutionary from Maharashtra.
• He was a colleague of Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev and took part in the murder of a British police officer, J.P Saunders in 1928.
• Rajguru was also sentenced to death alongside Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev for his role in the act and was hanged on March 23, 1931.
• He is also revered as a national hero and martyr in India's independence movement.
• Jatindranath Bose:
• Jatindranath Mukherjee, also known as Bagha Jatin, was one of the top leaders of the Jugantar party, a group of revolutionary freedom fighters in Bengal.
• He is remembered for leading the significant Howrah-Sibpur conspiracy case.
• He was notably involved in planning an armed uprising against British rule in India in collaboration with Germany during World War I.
• Bagha Jatin died of gunshot wounds after a gunfight with British police in 1915.
• He is recognized as a significant figure in India's revolutionary struggle for independence.

The correct answer is Jharkhand.

Key Points

• Jamda is a traditional folk dance form native to the state of Jharkhand in India.
• The dance is an integral part of the rich cultural fabric of the region.
• It is performed during various social and cultural events.
• The dance reflects the everyday activities and cultural richness of the communities in Jharkhand.
• As with many traditional dances, music is an essential component of the Jamda dance.
• This folk dance, among others, aids in preserving and promoting the unique and diverse cultural heritage of Jharkhand.

Additional Information Other states and their folk dances:

The correct answer is Vaishali.

Key Points

• Vajji was an ancient Indian Mahajanapada, a federation of several republics, rather than a single kingdom.
• The federation of Vajji represents one of the world's earliest examples of a republic, dating back to the 6^th century BCE.
• Vaishali, also known as Vesali or Vaiśālī in ancient texts, was the capital of Vajji Mahajanapada.
• Located in present-day Bihar, Vaishali is of significant historical and archaeological importance.
• Vaishali is also revered in Buddhism and Jainism as it was a favourite place of Lord Buddha and the birthplace of Lord Mahavir.
• Today, Vaishali is known for its archaeological sites including stupas, pillars, and ancient ruins that reflect its rich past.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1924.

Key Points

• The first Winter Olympic Games were inaugurated in 1924.
• The host city for these games was Chamonix, which is situated in France.
• These were the inaugural Winter Olympics in the history of modern Olympic Games.
• Originally, the event was called "International Winter Sports Week" and was considered a part of the 1924 Summer Olympics.
• However, they were retroactively designated as the first Winter Olympics in 1926.
• The 1924 Winter Olympic Games included sports like speed skating, figure skating, hockey, curling, and various skiing events.

The correct answer is Both I and II.

Key Points

• Chloroform has a boiling point of 334K. It is a colourless, heavy, sweet-smelling, non-flammable liquid that is used in a variety of industrial and laboratory applications.
• In the human body, it depresses the central nervous system and can cause effects ranging from dizziness to unconsciousness. Hence, match I is correct.
• Methane, on the other hand, has a much lower boiling point of 111K. Methane is a colourless, odourless gas.
• It's the main constituent of natural gas, which is used extensively in various industrial applications. It's also a significant greenhouse gas, with numerous environmental impacts. Hence, match II is also correct.
• Boiling points are often used in chemistry as an indicator of the strength and types of forces among molecules in a substance. Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling points.

The correct answer is The President of India.

Key Points

• The Vice President's oath is administered by the President of India.
• The office of the Vice President is the second-highest constitutional post in India.
• Article 63 mentions the Vice President of India's position. It states that there shall be a Vice President of India.
• The oath signifies the Vice President's commitment to upholding the Constitution of India and faithfully performing the duties of their office.
• This important event is carried out as part of a formal ceremony overseen by other high-ranking officials and dignitaries.
• This process is outlined in the Constitution of India which governs all aspects of the political and governance structures in the country.

Additional Information

• The Prime Minister of India:
• As per Article 75 of the Indian Constitution, the Prime Minister of India is the leader of the Council of Ministers, to aid and advise the President.
• The Prime Minister holds a pivotal role in the Government of India and is the chief adviser to the President.
• He is also the head of the ruling political party and plays a significant role in shaping national policies.
• The Speaker of Lok Sabha:
• As outlined in Article 93 of the Indian Constitution, the Speaker of Lok Sabha is the presiding officer of the lower house of Parliament.
• The Speaker's role is integral to maintaining the conduct and order of the sessions of the Lok Sabha.
• The Speaker also decides whether a bill is a money bill or not and joint sittings of the two Houses are presided over by the Speaker.
• The Chief Justice of India:
• As per Article 124 of the Indian Constitution, the Chief Justice of India is the highest-ranking judge in the Supreme Court of India.
• The CJI heads the judiciary of India and has numerous responsibilities, including presiding over and allocating cases to different benches of the Supreme Court.
• The Chief Justice also has a role in the process of the President's impeachment, as he needs to preside over such a session in Rajya Sabha in the absence of the Vice-President.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• The Constitution (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) Order (Second Amendment) Bill, 2022 was passed by the Indian Parliament.
• It is specifically related to the state of Uttar Pradesh.
• The bill modifies the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950, and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) (Uttar Pradesh) Order, 1967, both of which enumerate the communities recognized as Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs).
• These changes pertain to the reclassification and inclusion of certain communities within the SC and ST categories in Uttar Pradesh.
• These amendments aim to provide relevant benefits, reservations, and protections under the Indian Constitution to the newly added communities.
• By acknowledging the socio-economic challenges faced by these communities, this bill seeks to uplift them through affirmative action.

The correct answer is U Srinivas.

Key Points

• Uppalapu Srinivas, often referred to as Mandolin Srinivas, was a renowned mandolin player from India.
• He specialized in the field of Carnatic classical music.
• Srinivas introduced the mandolin, a western musical instrument not commonly used in Indian classical music, into the traditional Carnatic music fold.
• He was known for how he adapted the mandolin, a primarily western instrument, to the unique needs and nature of Carnatic music.
• Srinivas first picked up the mandolin at a young age and quickly gained recognition as a child prodigy in music.
• Over the course of his career, he won several awards for his contributions to music, including the Padma Shri in 1998, and left an indelible impact on Indian classical music.

Additional Information

• Indian Music Instruments and Players:
• Sitar: Ravi Shankar, Mushtaq Ali Khan, Vilayat Khan, Uma Shankar Mishra, Nikhil Banerjee, Raiz Khan, Harashankar Bhattacharya, Budhaditya Mukherjee, Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan
• Sarod: Amjad Ali Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Rajiv Taranath
• Violin: V.G. Jog, Lalgudi Jayaraman, T.N. Krishnan, Yehudi Mennuhin, M. S. Gopalakrishnan, Kunnukkudi Vaidyanathan, Kalyana Krishna Bhagavatar, L. Subramaniam, Chandayya, Kantha Devi, Gajannan Rao Joshi (Hindustani).
• Flute: N.Ramani, Hariprasad Chaurasia, T.R. Mahalingam, Pannalal Ghosh, T. S. Shankaran, Sikkil Sisters.

The correct answer is Swaran Singh Committee.

Key Points

• The Swaran Singh Committee was established in 1976 under the leadership of Sardar Swaran Singh, an Indian Politician.
• The committee was specifically constituted to study and suggest changes to the Constitution in relation to the concept of fundamental duties. It was the Swaran Singh Committee that suggested adding a new part outlining citizen duties.
• As a result of this committee's recommendations, the 42^nd Amendment to the Constitution in 1976 included the new Part IVA, which specified the fundamental duties of Indian citizens. It comprises Article 51A from (a) to (k).
• The fundamental duties include tenets like respect for the national flag, the constitution, and institutions, promoting brotherhood, protecting the environment, and upholding scientific temper among others.
• The primary aim behind the inclusion of the Fundamental Duties by this committee was to create a balance of rights and duties in the constitution, obliging citizens to act responsibly and assist in maintaining the spirit of democracy in India.

Additional Information

• Sarkaria Commission:
• The Sarkaria Commission was established in 1983 by the central government of India.
• The Commission was set up to examine the relationship and balance of power between state and central governments in the country and suggest changes within the framework of the Constitution.
• It made 247 recommendations to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and balance between the various levels of government in India.
• The report of the Sarkaria Commission is the first and the most comprehensive attempt to review Centre-State relationship.
• Rajamannar Committee:
• The Rajamannar Committee was constituted by the government of Tamil Nadu in 1969.
• Its task was to examine the entire question concerning state autonomy and the Centre-State relations.
• The committee recommended a drastic overhaul of India’s federal system, with suggestions for the constitution to emerge as a truly federal one rather than quasi-federal.
• The need for such changes arose because of the contention that centralization of power diminishes the effectiveness of regional governments.
• Balwant Rai Mehta Committee:
• The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was a committee appointed by the Government of India in 1957.
• The aim of this Committee was to examine the working of the Community Development Programme (1952) and the National Extension Service (1953) and to suggest measures for their better working.
• Significantly, their recommendations led to the birth of Panchayati Raj Institutions in India, outlining a three-tier system, including village, block, and district levels.
• The report of the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee is considered a landmark in the evolution of local self-government (Panchayati Raj) institutions in India.

The correct answer is ice cream.

Key Points

• Ice cream, a popular dessert, has been subjected to adulteration with substances like pepper oil, ethyl acetate, butyraldehyde, and nitrate. These are used to enhance the product's flavour or replace more costly natural ingredients.
• Pepper oil (or Pepperonil) is sometimes used in ice cream to add spiciness or a distinctive flavour. It's a highly aromatic substance extracted from black pepper.
• Ethyl Acetate is a common solvent that is often used in the food industry as a flavouring agent. It is used in ice creams to give a fruity flavour or as a cheap alternative to real fruit.
• Butyraldehyde is an organic compound that has a powerful odour. In the food industry, it is used as a flavouring agent where it imparts a buttery or creamy flavour, providing a rich taste to ice cream.
• The use of such adulterants in food products like ice cream is often regulated by food safety agencies. While they can enhance flavour, they should only be used within permissible limits to ensure they're safe for consumption.

Concept used:

If the last three digits of a number are divisible by 8, then the number is completely divisible by 8

Calculation:

According to the question, 

Last three digits of a number 98998 is 998, which is not divisible by 8.

So, the number is not divisible by 8.

∴ The correct answer is 98998

Given : 

Two numbers are, respectively, 17% and 50% more than a third number.

Calculation : 

Let the third number be 100.

First Number = 100 × 117/100 = 117

Second Number = 100 × 150/100 = 150

Ratio = 117 : 150

⇒ 39 : 50

∴ The correct answer is 39 : 50.

Formula Used : 

Sin²x + Cos²x = 1

Calculation : 

(cos x - sin x)2 + (cos x + sin x)2

⇒ cos²x + sin²x - 2cosx.sinx + cos²x + sin²x + 2sinx.cosx

⇒ 2cos²x + 2sin²x

⇒ 2(cos²x + sin²x)

⇒ 2

∴ The correct answer is 2.

Given : 

14 persons can build a house in 60 days.

Calculation : 

⇒ 14P× 60 = 30P × x

⇒ x = 14P × 60/30P

⇒ x = 14 × 2

⇒ x = 28

∴ The correct answer is 28 days.

Given : 

Average of 8 numbers is 18.

One of the numbers is excluded, the average becomes 20.

Formula Used : 

Average =  Sum of all observations/Number of observations

Calculation : 

Sum of 8 numbers = 18 × 8 = 144

Sum of 7 numbers = 20 × 7 = 140

Excluded number = 144 - 140 = 4

∴ The correct answer is 4.

Given : 

(x + y)³ = 1728

x.y = 32

Formula Used : 

(x³ + y³) = (x + y)(x² + y² - xy)

(x + y)² = x² + y² + 2xy

Calculation :

⇒ (x + y)² = x² + y² + 2xy

⇒ 144 = x2 + y2  + 2 × 32

⇒ x² + y² = 144 - 64 = 80

Now,

⇒ (x3 + y3) = (x + y)(x2 + y2 - xy)

⇒ 12 (80 - 32)

⇒ 12 × 48

⇒ 576

∴ The correct answer is 576.

Calculation : 

Ratio of Speed of Ashok and Bharat = 8/3 = 8 : 3

Ashok gained 5m in race of 8m.

⇒ 160 m is gained by Ashok in race of (160 × 8/5) = 256 m

∴ The correct answer is 256 m.

Formula Used : 

Sin(90° - θ) = Cosθ 

Cos(90° - θ) = Sinθ 

Calculation : 

⇒ Cos²32° - Sin²(90° - 32°)

⇒ Cos²32° - Cos²32° 

⇒ 0

∴ The correct answer is 0.

Calculation :

100% = 300000

1% = 3000 

Expenditure incurred on Material Cost and Selling Expenses = (15 + 28)% = 43%

⇒ 43 × 3000 

⇒ 129000

∴ The correct answer is 129000.

Given :

Aditya buys 300 mangoes for Rs. 1,100.

Sells the remaining mangoes at Rs. 5 each and makes a profit of Rs. 150.

Formula Used : 

Profit = SP - CP

Calculation : 

Let the number of mangoes rotten be x.

Profit = 150

⇒ 150 = (300 - x)5 - 1100

⇒ 150 = 1500 - 5x - 1100

⇒ 150 = 400 - 5x

⇒ - 5x = - 250

⇒ x = 50

Percentage of mangoes thrown away = 50/300 × 100 = $16 \frac{2}{3} \%$

∴ The correct answer is  $16 \frac{2}{3} \%$.

Given : 

(N + 15) persons, each working for 9 hours a day, can complete 36% of a work in 8 days.

Formula Used : 

M₁H₁D₁/W₁ = M₂H₂D₂/W₂

Calculation : 

⇒ (N + 15) × 9 × 8/36% = (N + 9) × 20 × 7/64%

⇒  (N + 15) × 9 × 8/36 =  (N + 9) × 20 × 7/64

⇒ (N + 15) × 2 = (N + 9) × 35/16

⇒ (N  + 15) × 32 = (N + 9) × 35

⇒ 32N  + 480 = 35N + 315

⇒ 3N = 165

⇒ N = 55

∴ The correct answer is 55.

Given : 

BC + XY = 18 units

Calculation : 

⇒ BC + XY = 18 units

We know XY = 1/2 BC

⇒ 1/2BC + BC = 18 

⇒ 3BC/2 = 18

⇒ BC = 12

Now XY = 6 

So BC - XY = 12 - 6 = 6

∴ The correct answer is 6cm.

Given : 

BC is a chord and CD is a tangent through the point C.

∠AOC = 112°

Concept Used : 

Angle subtended at the center = 2 × Angle subtended at the arc of circle

Calculation : 

In ΔOAC 

∠OAC = ∠ACO

⇒ 112° + 2x = 180° 

⇒ 2x = 180° - 112° 

⇒ 2x = 68° 

⇒ x = 34° 

Now ∠ACD = ∠OCD - ∠OCA 

⇒ 90° - 34° = 56° 

∴ The correct answer is 56°.

Shortcut Trick

Given sin θ − cos θ = 0, which implies sin θ = cos θ.

Since the values are equal, their cubes sin³ θ and cos³ θ will also be equal.

Therefore, the difference sin³ θ − cos³ θ must be zero.

∴ The correct answer is 0.

Alternate Method

Given: sin θ − cos θ = 0

Formula Used: a³ − b³ = (a − b)(a² + ab + b²)

⇒ sin θ − cos θ = 0

⇒ sin θ = cos θ

⇒ tan θ = 1 ⇒ θ = 45°

⇒ Required value = sin³ 45° − cos³ 45°

⇒ (1/√2)³ − (1/√2)³

⇒ 1/(2√2) − 1/(2√2) = 0

∴ The correct answer is 0.

Additional Information

Trigonometric Identity

The fundamental identity is sin² θ + cos² θ = 1.

Algebraic Expansion

For any expression (aⁿ − bⁿ), if (a − b) = 0, then the entire expression evaluates to 0.

Specific Angles

At θ = 45°, sin θ = cos θ = 1/√2.

Shortcut Trick

Let CP = 100 units ⇒ MP = 160 units (60% above CP).

Successive discounts of 10% and 20% on MP means SP = 160 × 0.90 × 0.80 = 115.2 units.

Profit gained = SP − CP = 115.2 − 100 = 15.2 units.

Since 15.2 units = ₹1064 ⇒ 1 unit = 1064 ÷ 15.2 = 70.

Cost Price = 100 units = 100 × 70 = ₹7000.

∴ The correct answer is ₹7000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Markup % = 60%

Discounts = 10% and 20%

Gain (Profit) = ₹1064

Formula Used:

Marked Price (MP) = CP × (1 + Markup% ÷ 100)

Selling Price (SP) = MP × (1 − D₁ ÷ 100) × (1 − D₂ ÷ 100)

Profit = SP − CP

CP: 100x

MP: 160x

SP: 115.2x

• 60%

-10%, -20%

Profit = 15.2x = ₹1064

Calculations:

⇒ Let the Cost Price (CP) be 100x.

⇒ Marked Price (MP) = 100x + 60% of 100x = 160x.

⇒ Selling Price (SP) = 160x × (1 − 10 ÷ 100) × (1 − 20 ÷ 100)

⇒ SP = 160x × 0.90 × 0.80 = 115.2x

⇒ Profit = SP − CP = 115.2x − 100x = 15.2x

⇒ According to the question, Profit = ₹1064

⇒ 15.2x = 1064

⇒ x = 1064 ÷ 15.2 = 70

⇒ Cost Price (CP) = 100x = 100 × 70 = ₹7000

∴ The correct answer is ₹7000.

Additional Information

Markup Percentage

It is the percentage by which the Marked Price (MP) is set above the Cost Price (CP). Formula: MP = CP × (1 + Markup% ÷ 100).

Successive Discounts

When two discounts x% and y% are given consecutively, the effective single equivalent discount is given by: [x + y − (x × y) ÷ 100]%.

Profit & Loss Relation

Profit and Loss are always calculated on the base of Cost Price, whereas Discount is always given on the Marked Price. SP = CP + Profit = MP − Discount.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Speeds (Policeman : Thief) = 12 : 10 = 6 : 5

Since time is constant, Distance ratio is also 6 : 5

Difference in distance parts = 6 − 5 = 1 unit

Given 1 unit = 300 m = 0.3 km

Distance run by Thief = 5 units = 5 × 0.3 km = 1.5 km

∴ The correct answer is 1.5 km.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial distance between Policeman and Thief = 300 m = 0.3 km

Speed of Thief (V_t) = 10 km/h

Speed of Policeman (V_p) = 12 km/h

Formula Used:

Relative Speed = Speed of Policeman − Speed of Thief (when moving in the same direction)

Time = Distance ÷ Relative Speed

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculations:

⇒ Relative Speed = 12 − 10 = 2 km/h

⇒ Time taken to catch the thief = 0.3 ÷ 2 = 0.15 hours

⇒ Distance run by the Thief = Speed of Thief × Time

⇒ Distance = 10 × 0.15

⇒ Distance = 1.5 km

∴ The correct answer is 1.5 km.

Additional Information

Relative Speed in Same Direction

When two objects move in the same direction, the relative speed is the difference of their individual speeds: (V₁ − V₂).

Conversion of Speed Units

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Constant Time Concept

If two objects start and meet at the same time, the ratio of their distances is equal to the ratio of their speeds: D₁/D₂ = S₁/S₂.

Calculation :

⇒ x + 1/x = 2

We know by putting x = 1

We get x + 1/x = 2

⇒ $\rm x^7+\frac{1}{x^{117}}=$1 + 1 = 2

∴ The correct answer is 2.

Calculation : 

When m is divided by 7 the remainder is 5.

Now 3m = 3 × 5 = 15

⇒ 15/7 

⇒ Remainder = 1

∴ The correct answer is 1.

Given : 

12 men can complete a work in 10 days. 

Calculation : 

Let the efficiency of one man be M.

⇒ 12M × 10 = (12M + xM) × 6

⇒ 120M = 72M + 6xM

⇒ 48M = 6xM

⇒ x = 8

∴ The correct answer is 8.

Alternate MethodLet's denote the total work as W.

⇒ W = 12 men × 10 days

⇒ W = 120 man-days

Now, let M be the number of men required to complete the work in 6 days.

⇒ 120 man-days = M men × 6 days

⇒ M = 120 man-days/6 days = 20 men

Number of more men required = M - 12 men

⇒ 20 men - 12 men = 8 men

Calculation : 

Companies with more demand than production are P, Q, R. = 3 companies

Companies with more production than demand are S, T.= 2 companies

Ratio = 3 : 2

∴ The correct answer is 3 : 2.

Shortcut Trick

Direct formula: a³ + b³ + c³ − 3abc = 1/2 × (a + b + c) × [3(a² + b² + c²) − (a + b + c)²]

⇒ 1/2 × 20 × [3 × 152 − 20²]

⇒ 10 × [456 − 400]

⇒ 10 × 56 = 560

∴ The correct answer is 560.

Alternate Method

Given:

(a + b + c) = 20

a² + b² + c² = 152

Formula Used:

(a + b + c)² = a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca)

a³ + b³ + c³ − 3abc = (a + b + c)[a² + b² + c² − (ab + bc + ca)]

Calculations:

⇒ (20)² = 152 + 2(ab + bc + ca)

⇒ 400 = 152 + 2(ab + bc + ca)

⇒ 2(ab + bc + ca) = 400 − 152

⇒ 2(ab + bc + ca) = 248

⇒ (ab + bc + ca) = 248 ÷ 2 = 124

Now, substituting the values into the second identity:

⇒ a³ + b³ + c³ − 3abc = 20 × (152 − 124)

⇒ a³ + b³ + c³ − 3abc = 20 × 28

⇒ a³ + b³ + c³ − 3abc = 560

∴ The correct answer is 560.

Additional Information

Cubic Identity Condition

If a + b + c = 0, then the primary identity simplifies directly to a³ + b³ + c³ = 3abc.

Alternative Cubic Form

a³ + b³ + c³ − 3abc = 1/2 × (a + b + c)[(a − b)² + (b − c)² + (c − a)²]

Standard Binomial Cubes

(a + b)³ = a³ + b³ + 3ab(a + b) and (a − b)³ = a³ − b³ − 3ab(a − b)

Given : 

Surface area of cube = 5046 cm²

Formula Used : 

Volume of cube = a³

Surface area of cube = 6a²

Calculation : 

⇒ 6a² = 5046

⇒ a² = 841

⇒ a = √841

⇒ a = 29

Volume of cube = a³

⇒ 29 × 29 × 29

⇒ 24,389

∴ The correct answer is 24389.

Given : 

Distance between the centres of two circles of radii 2 cm and 6 cm is 5 cm.

Formula Used : 

Length of direct common tangent = √(Distance between center)² - (Difference between radius of two circles)²

Calculation : 

Length of direct common tangent = √5² - 4² 

⇒ √25 - 16

⇒ √9

⇒ 3

∴ The correct answer is 3 cm.

Shortcut Trick

If price increases by R%, reduction in consumption = [R ÷ (100 + R)] × 100%

Given, R = 7

⇒ Reduction % = [7 ÷ (100 + 7)] × 100%

⇒ Reduction % = (7 ÷ 107) × 100% = 700 ÷ 107 %

⇒ Reduction % = 6 ⁵⁸/₁₀₇ %

∴ The correct answer is 6 ⁵⁸/₁₀₇ %.

Alternate Method

Given:

Price increase of petrol = 7%

Formula Used:

Expenditure = Price × Consumption

Price Ratio:

Old Price: 100

New Price: 107

Consumption:

Old Cons.: 107

New Cons.: 100

Decrease: 7

% Decrease = (7 ÷ 107) × 100

Calculations:

⇒ Let original price = 100 units

⇒ New price after 7% increase = 100 + 7 = 107 units

⇒ To keep expenditure constant, the consumption ratio must be inversely proportional to the price ratio.

⇒ Ratio of Original Consumption to New Consumption = 107 : 100

⇒ Decrease in consumption = 107 − 100 = 7 units

⇒ Percentage decrease = (Decrease ÷ Original Consumption) × 100

⇒ Percentage decrease = (7 ÷ 107) × 100 = 700 ÷ 107 %

⇒ 700 ÷ 107 = 6 ⁵⁸/₁₀₇ %

∴ The correct answer is 6 ⁵⁸/₁₀₇ %.

Additional Information

Constant Expenditure Rule (Price Increase)

If the price of a commodity increases by R%, the percentage reduction in consumption required to keep the expenditure same is [R ÷ (100 + R)] × 100%.

Constant Expenditure Rule (Price Decrease)

If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, the percentage increase in consumption allowed to keep the expenditure same is [R ÷ (100 − R)] × 100%.

Successive Percentage Change

When a value changes by A% and then by B%, the net percentage change is given by (A + B + AB ÷ 100)%.

Shortcut Trick

Interest for 1 year = 1708 − 1630 = ₹78.

Interest for 3 years = 78 × 3 = ₹234.

Sum (Principal) = Amount after 3 years − Interest for 3 years = 1630 − 234 = ₹1396.

∴ The correct answer is ₹1396.

Alternate Method

Given:

Amount after 3 years (A₃) = ₹1,630

Amount after 4 years (A₄) = ₹1,708

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = Amount (A) − Principal (P)

In Simple Interest, the interest earned remains constant for every year.

Calculations:

⇒ Interest for 1 year = A₄ − A₃

⇒ Interest for 1 year = 1708 − 1630 = ₹78

⇒ Interest for 3 years = 78 × 3 = ₹234

⇒ Principal (P) = Amount after 3 years − Interest for 3 years

⇒ Principal (P) = 1630 − 234 = ₹1396

∴ The correct answer is ₹1396.

Additional Information

Simple Interest (SI) Formula

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100, where P is the Principal, R is the Rate of interest per annum, and T is the Time in years.

Rate of Interest Calculation

Rate (R) = (SI for 1 year ÷ Principal) × 100. In this case, R = (78 ÷ 1396) × 100 ≈ 5.58% per annum.

Constant Interest Property

Under Simple Interest, the interest added each year is always calculated on the original Principal, making the growth linear over time.

The correct answer is "CABD."

Key Points

• The paragraph discusses the olive tree, its slow growth, long lifespan, and culinary uses. So the first sentence must be C.
• The olive tree is known as the "immortal tree" due to its longevity. So, A follows C.
• The normal lifespan of an olive tree is 300-400 years, but some have been found to be as ancient as 3000 years. So B follows A.
• The paragraph follows a logical progression, starting with a description of the olive tree and ending with its mythological significance. So the last sentence must be D.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Additional Information

• Let us discuss other options:
• Option 1 (CDAB) starts with a description of the olive tree but then jumps to its mythological significance before discussing its lifespan and culinary uses.
• Option 3 (DBCA) starts with the olive tree's lifespan but then jumps to its culinary uses before discussing its growth and mythological significance.
• Option 4 (ABCD) follows the same progression as the correct answer but with a different sentence order.

The correct answer is "Daredevil."

 Key Points

• The term 'daredevil' is a one-word substitute for a person who enjoys doing dangerous things.
• 'डेयरडेविल' शब्द उस व्यक्ति के लिए एक शब्द का विकल्प है जिसे खतरनाक काम करने में आनंद आता है।
• It is derived from the words 'dare' (meaning to challenge) and 'devil' (referring to someone who is daring or reckless).
• Example: The daredevil performed a dangerous stunt on his motorcycle.
• A person who enjoys doing dangerous things, in a way that other people may think is stupid is called "Daredevil."
• ​So, the correct answer is Option 4.

 Additional Information

• "Cavalier" Showing a lack of proper concern; offhand or dismissive (बेपरवाह, लापरवाह)
• "Lunatic" refers to someone who is mentally ill or crazy**. (**कोई व्यक्ति जो मानसिक रूप से बीमार या पागल हो)
• "Gallant" refers to someone who is brave or chivalrous. (कोई व्यक्ति जो बहादुर या शूरवीर हो)

Here, the erroneous answer is "has not being making".

 Key Points

• The correct form of the verb in this sentence should be "been" instead of "being."
• "Being" is a present participle form of the verb which is not appropriate in this context.
• Example: The function is being postponed till next month.
• The verb "been" is the past participle form of the verb "be" and is used to indicate a state or condition that started in the past and continues up to the present.
• Example: Bucky has been out for a long time.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct sentence: The Dutta company has not been making new school bags since the lockdown commenced.

The correct answer is "Slow.'

 Key Points

• "Brisk" means quick and energetic so the opposite would be slow. (फुरतीला, तेज़; व्‍यस्‍त)
• Example: They set off at a brisk pace.
• "Slow" means moving, doing something or happening without much speed; not fast. (धीमी गति से चलते, करते या घटित होते हुए, धीमा या धीमे; वेग से नहीं, मंद)
• Example: Her progress was slow.
• The antonym of "Brisk" is "Slow."
• So, the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• Let us discuss other options:
• Late night: happening late at night (देर रात)
• Quick: done with speed; taking or lasting a short time (तेजी से किया; थोड़े समय तक रहने वाला)
• Dusky: dim; having little light; not very bright; dark (मंद; कम रोशनी होना; बहुत उज्ज्वल नहीं; अँधेरा)

The correct answer is "Unbiased."

 Key Points

• The word "partial" means showing favoritism or bias towards one side. (किसी वस्‍तु को अत्‍यधिक पसंद करने वाला)
• Example: He’s very partial to his friend.
• The word "unbiased" means showing no prejudice for or against something; impartial.
• Example: H**is assessment of the benefits and drawbacks was unbiased. (किसी चीज़ के पक्ष या विपक्ष में कोई पूर्वाग्रह नहीं दिखाना; निष्पक्ष)
• The antonym of 'partial' is 'unbiased.'
• So, the correct answer is Option 4.

 Additional Information

• Unjust means unfair or not morally right. (अनुचित या अन्‍यायपूर्ण)
• Prejudiced means having a preconceived opinion or bias towards something or someone. (पूर्वाग्रहग्रस्‍त (किसी व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु को नापसंद या उस पर अविश्‍वास करने वाला, उसकी जाति, धर्म या लिंग के कारण))
• Doubtful means uncertain or not sure about something. (संदिग्‍ध या अनिश्चित)

The correct answer is "Disloyal."

 Key Points

• The word "treacherous" means disloyal, deceitful or untrustworthy. ((व्यक्ति) विश्‍वासघाती और हानि पहुँचा सकने वाला; धोखेबाज़)
• Example: He was weak, cowardly and treacherous.
• The word "disloyal" means not supporting your friends, family, country etc.; doing something that will harm them. ((मित्र, परिवार, देश आदि के प्रति) निष्‍ठाहीन, बेवफ़ा; बेवफ़ाई करने वाला)
• Example: It was disloyal to your friends to repeat their conversation with Prem.
• ​The synonym of "treacherous" is "disloyal."
• So, the correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• "Devoted" means loyal, dedicated or committed, but it is the opposite of the intended meaning in the sentence. (किसी से प्रेम करने वाला; किसी के प्रति पूर्णतया समर्पित)
• "Transient" means temporary or short-lived, which is not related to the context of the sentence. (कुछ अवधि तक जारी रहनेवाला; क्षणिक, क्षणभंगुर, अस्थायी)
• "Ravenous" means extremely hungry, which is not related to the context of the sentence. (बहुत भूखा; मरभुक्‍खा)

The correct answer is "becoming."

 Key Points

• "Becoming" is the most appropriate option as it accurately conveys Govind's goal of becoming a journalist.
• The phrase "with a view to" means "with the intention of" or "in order to achieve," making "achieving" a close second option.
• Example: He has called a meeting of all parties, with a view to forming a government.
• "Form into" and "making" do not accurately convey Govind's goal of becoming a journalist.
• So, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct sentence: Govind is improving his communication skills with a view to becoming a journalist.

The correct answer is "Significant."

Key Points

• "Trivial" means unimportant or insignificant. (महत्वहीन, मामूली; नगण्य, तुच्‍छ)
• Example: It is a trivial problem.
• "Significant" means important or meaningful. (महत्वपूर्ण, काफ़ी बड़ा (इतना कि दीख जाए))
• Example: This is a significant issue.
• The antonym of "Trivial" is "Significant."
• So, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• "Fierce" means aggressive or violent. (क्रुद्घ, आक्रामक और डरावना; बर्बर)
• "Hopeful" means optimistic or positive. (आशा रखने वाला, आशावान)
• "Common" means ordinary or usual. (प्रायः या बहुत सारे स्‍थानों पर पाया जाने या होने वाला; सामान्‍य, आम)

The correct answer is "Mr. Gupta had not posted the article."

 Key Points

• The given sentence is in Past Perfect Tense(Negative) and Passive Voice.
• The rule for changing a Past Perfect Tense from Passive voice to Active voice:
• To convert a sentence from passive to active voice, switch the positions of the subject and object and make the verb past participle form.
• Structure: Subject + had not + past participle (V3) + object (Active Voice)

                  Object + had not + been + past participle (V3) + (by + subject) (Passive Voice) 

• Example: Disha had not arranged the things. (Active Voice)

                The things had not been arranged by Disha. (Passive Voice)

• Active voice puts the subject (Mr. Gupta) as the doer of the action (posting the article).
• "Had not been posted" becomes "had not posted" in active voice.
• The sentence is now clear and concise, with a specific subject performing the action.
• So, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is "CBDA."

 Key Points

• Sentence C introduces the topic of India's success despite its diversity. So, C is the first sentence.
• Sentence B explains the uniqueness of India's diversity and how it can lead to occasional problems. So, B follows C.
• Sentence D provides a comparison to emphasize that India's problems are not as significant as some may think. So, D follows B.
• Sentence A concludes the paragraph by reminding readers that India's successes should not be overlooked. So, A must be the last sentence.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• "DBAC" starts with the comparison in sentence D, which may confuse readers about the main topic.
• "CADB" places sentence A too early in the paragraph, disrupting the flow of ideas.
• "BDAC" begins with sentence B, which may not provide enough context for readers to understand the topic.

The correct answer is "Start over."

 Key Points

• The idiom "go back to the drawing board" means to start over or begin again from the beginning.
• मुहावरा "go back to the drawing board" का अर्थ है शुरुआत से फिर से शुरुआत करना या फिर से शुरू करना।
• It is often used when a plan or idea has failed and needs to be revised or rethought.
• Example: Our marketing campaign di**dn't work, so we need to go back to the drawing board and come up with a new strategy.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.