SSC CGL 2023 Tier-I Official Paper (Held On: 19 Jul 2023 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is:

First Number - (3 × Second Number) = Third Number

So

16 - (3 × 4) = 4

and 

30 - (3 × 5) = 15

Similarly,

8 - (3 × 2) = 2

Hence, the correct answer is "2".

The logic followed here is :-

• PIG : JCA

and

• SUN : MOH

Similarly,

• TEK : ?

Hence, the correct answer is "NYE".

Given :- LK_JIL_ CJ_L_EJILKG_I 

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1) A K I K J → L K A J I - L K C J I - L K E J I - L K G J I

• Here, ' 

is repeated.

2) K A I J K → L K K J I - L A C J I - L J E J I - L K G K I

3) K I J K A → L K K J I - L I C J J - L K E J I - L K G A I

4) A I J K K → L K A J I - L I C J J - L K E J I - L K G K I

• Option (1) gives the pattern of :- L K A J I - L K C J I - L K E J I - L K G J I

Hence, the correct answer is "A K I K J".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "23".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

According to the given information,

The given expression is :

'D @ N @ H & Y @ F % V' → D is daughter of N, N is daughter of H, H is husband of Y, Y is daughter of F, F is wife of V.

∴  Here, 'N' is F's daughter's daughter.

Hence, the correct answer is "Daughter's daughter".

The figure from among the given options that can replace the question mark (?) in the following series is as shown below :

• Pentagon is rotated right side 90 degrees from figure to figure.
• Undotted is dotted from and dotted is undotted from figure to figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "IUZM".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

A > B means 'A is the mother of B'

A! B means 'A is the sister of B'

A = B means 'A is the father of B'

The given expression is :-

'M > N = O ! P ! Q' → M is mother of N, N is father of O, O is sister of P, P is sister of Q.

∴ Here, 'M' is Father's mother's of 'Q'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Father's mother".

The logic followed here is :-

First number² + (First number × 3) = Second number

• 15 ∶ 270 → 15² + (15 × 3) = 225 + 45 = 270

and

• 18 ∶ 378 → 18² + (18 × 3) = 324 + 54 = 378

similarly,

• 21 ∶ ? → 21² + (21 × 3) = 441 + 63 = 504

Hence, the correct answer is "504".

After unfolding the given paper the figure formed is as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "WYA".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below:

Conclusions:

I. Some vegetables are rice → False (As All rice are wheat and Some wheats are pulses and No pulse is a vegetable so, Some vegetables are rice is possible but not definitely true.)

II. Some pulses are rice → False (As All rice are wheat and Some wheats are pulses so, Some pulses are rice is possible but not definitely true.)

III. Some vegetables are wheat → False (As Some wheats are pulses and No pulse is a vegetable so, Some vegetables are wheat is false)

Hence, the correct answer is "None of the conclusions follow".

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed at MN as shown below :

Detailed Explanation:

• The line MN is the mirror.
• The word 'Krt82h' ends with letter 'h'. so, the mirror image should be '

' ⇒ Option 1 and 2 are eliminated.

• The word 'Krt82h' ends with second number with '2'. so, the mirror image will be '' 

⇒ Option 4 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

I. Some houses are factories → False (As Some factories are shops and Some shops are houses so, Some houses are factories is false)

II. Some machines are houses → False (As All machines are factories and Some factories are shops and Some shops are houses so, Some machines are houses is false)

III. Some factories are machines → True (As All machines are factories so, Some factories are machines is true)

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion III follows".

The logic followed here is:

Attack: Defence → Attack is the antonym of Defence. 

Similarly,

Accept:? → Accept is the antonym of Refuse.

Hence, the correct answer is "Refuse".

The logic followed here is :-

• FRENCH : GQFMDG

and

• GERMAN : HDSLBM

Similarly,

• ARABIC : ?

Hence, the correct answer is "BQBAJB".

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed at MN as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given: AB_KPC_HKPEBH_PGBHK_

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1) C D G P → A B C K P - C D H K P - E B H G P - G B H K P

2) H B K P → A B H K P - C B H K P - E B H K P - G B H K P

• Here, '

' is repeated

3) C P H B → A B C K P - C P H K P - E B H H P - G B H K B

4) H D G P → A B H K P - C D H K P - E B H G P - G B H K P

• Option(2) gives the pattern of :- A B H K P - C B H K P - E B H K P - G B H K P

Hence, the correct answer is "H B K P".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "64".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: First number³ - Second number³ = Third number

• (12, 7, 1385) → 12³ - 7³ = 1728 - 343 = 1385

and

• (19, 15, 3484) → 19³ - 15³ = 6859 - 3375 = 3484

Similarly,

• (21, 16, 5165) → 21³ - 16³ = 9261 - 4096 = 5165

Hence, the correct answer is "(21, 16, 5165)".

The logic followed here is :-

By using BODMAS RULE :

Option 1) : 50 and 64, + and ×

Given equation is  : 512 × 64 ÷ 5 + 30 - 50 = 20

After interchanging the two numbers and two signs the equation is as follows : 512 + 50 ÷ 5 × 30 - 64 = 20

⇒ 512 + 50 ÷ 5 × 30 - 64 = 20

⇒ 512 + 10 × 30 - 64 = 20

⇒ 512 + 300 - 64 = 20

⇒ 812 - 64 = 20

⇒ 748 ≠ 20

Option 2) : 20 and 30, + and ÷ 

Given equation is  : 512 × 64 ÷ 5 + 30 - 50 = 20

After interchanging the two numbers and two signs the equation is as follows : 512 × 64 + 5 ÷ 20 - 50 = 30

⇒ 512 × 64 + 5 ÷ 20 - 50 = 30

⇒ 512 × 64 + 0.25 - 50 = 30

⇒ 32768 + 0.25 - 50 = 30

⇒ 32768.25 - 50 = 30

⇒ 32718.25 ≠ 30

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 3) : 20 and 50, × and ÷ 

Given equation is  : 512 × 64 ÷ 5 + 30 - 50 = 20

After interchanging the two numbers and two signs the equation is as follows : 512 ÷ 64 × 5 + 30 - 20 = 50

⇒ 512 ÷ 64 × 5 + 30 - 20 = 50

⇒ 8 × 5 + 30 - 20 = 50

⇒ 40 + 30 - 20 = 50

⇒ 70 - 20 = 50

⇒ 50 = 50

LHS = RHS

Option 4) : 5 and 20, + and -

Given equation is  : 512 × 64 ÷ 5 + 30 - 50 = 20

After interchanging the two numbers and two signs the equation is as follows : 512 × 64 ÷ 20 - 30 + 50 = 5

⇒ 512 × 64 ÷ 20 - 30 + 50 = 5

⇒ 512 × 3.2 - 30 + 50 = 5

⇒ 1638.4 - 30 + 50 = 5

⇒ 1688.4 - 30 = 5

⇒ 1658.4 ≠ 5

LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "20 and 50, × and ÷ ".

Given:

(9, 69, 17)

(13, 47, 7)

Logic: (First no. + Third no.) × 2 + Third no = Second no.

(9, 69, 17) →

⇒ (9 + 17) × 2 + 17

⇒ (26 × 2) + 17 = 52 + 17 = 69

(13, 47, 7) →

⇒ (13 + 7) × 2 + 7

⇒ (20 × 2) + 7 = 40 + 7 = 47

Checking all the given options:

1. (19, 50, 4) →

⇒ (19 + 4) × 2 + 4

⇒ (23 × 2) + 4 = 46 + 4 = 50

Here, (19, 50, 4)  shows a similar relation to the given set of numbers.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed at AB as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is :-

First number² × (First number × 2) = Second number

1) 9 ∶ 1458 → 9² × (9 × 2) = 81 × 18 = 1458

2) 3 ∶ 54 → 3² × (3 × 2) = 9 × 6 = 54

3) 5 ∶ 685 → 5² × (5 × 2) = 25 × 10 = 250

4) 5 ∶ 250 → 52 × (5 × 2) = 25 × 10 = 250

∴ Here, '5 ∶ 685' is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "5 ∶ 685".

The logic here followed is

Hence the correct  answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is 2.5% H, 39% S, 58.5% O.

Key Points

• H2SO3
• ​It consists of two hydrogen (H) atoms, one sulfur (S) atom, and three oxygen (O) atoms.
• Pure sulfurous acid is a heavy, colorless liquid that is stable only at low temperatures. However, in practice, sulfurous acid is usually used as an aqueous solution.
• Sulfurous acid is a weak acid. It can donate two protons (H+ ions) to an aqueous solution.
• The percentage composition of the element of H2SO3 is  2.5% H, 39% S, 58.5% O.
• H₂SO₃ => (2 x Atomic mass of hydrogen) + Atomic mass of sulfur + (3 x Atomic mass of oxygen) => (2 x 1) + 32 + (3 x 16) => 2 + 32 + 48 => 82 g/mol

Calculate the percentage composition:

Hydrogen: (2 / 82) x 100% = 2.44% approximately equals 2.5%

Sulfur: (32 / 82) x 100% = 39.02% approximately equals 39%

Oxygen: (48 / 82) x 100% = 58.53% approximately equals 58.5%

• It is produced from the reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) with water (H₂O). The non-balanced chemical reaction is: SO₂ + H₂O -> H₂SO₃
• While not commonly used in its pure form due to instability, it is often used in the form of its salts, known as sulfites. Sulfites are commonly used as preservatives in food and drink to prevent discoloration and prolong shelf life.
• Sulfurous acid and its salts (sulfites) can cause allergic reactions in some people, particularly in high concentrations, causing symptoms such as breathing difficulties, skin rashes, and digestive problems. As such, usage of sulfites in food and beverages is subject to regulation in many countries.

The correct answer is Baikal > Tanganyika > Caspian Sea > Vostok. 

Key Points

• Lake Baikal:

• It is located in Siberia, Russia, Lake Baikal is the largest freshwater lake by volume in the world, containing about 23% of the world's fresh surface water.

• It is also considered the deepest lake in the world, with a max depth of about 5,387 feet.

• It is known for its remarkable clarity and biodiversity, with more than 1,700 species of plants and animals, two-thirds of which can be found nowhere else in the world.

• Lake Tanganyika:

• This is the second oldest freshwater lake in the world, second largest by volume, and the second deepest, in both cases after Lake Baikal.

• It is located in East Africa, bordered by four countries - Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, and Zambia.

• The lake is highly biodiverse, with an estimated 1,500-2,000 species, approximately 600 of which are endemic.

• Caspian Sea:

• Despite its name, the Caspian Sea is often considered the world's largest lake; it's over three times the size of the next largest lake, Lake Superior.

• It is located between Europe and Asia with five surrounding countries: Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran and Azerbaijan.

• Lake Vostok:

• This is the largest of Antarctica's almost 400 known subglacial lakes. It is located beneath Russia's Vostok Station, under more than 4 kilometers of ice.

• The lake has been cut off from the rest of the world for somewhere between 15 and 25 million years, leading to speculation that its depths may contain unique microbial life forms that have evolved in isolation.

• Drilling projects have been undertaken to study the unexplored lake, but with significant concern to prevent contamination.

The correct answer is 48^th.

Key Points

• Justice NV Ramana:-
• The 48^th Chief Justice of India is Nuthalapati Venkata Ramana.
• He was born in Andhra Pradesh's Krishna district.
• He formerly served on the Supreme Court of India as a judge, the Delhi High Court as chief justice, and the Andhra Pradesh High Court as interim chief justice.
• He served as president of the Andhra Pradesh Judicial Academy.
• On June 27, 2000, Ramana was appointed to the Andhra Pradesh High Court as a permanent judge.
• He was appointed Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court on September 2, 2013, and a judge of the Supreme Court of India on February 17, 2014.
• President Ram Nath Kovind appointed Ramana as the 48^th Chief Justice on April 6, 2021, and he took his oath of office at Rashtrapati Bhavan on April 24, 2021.

Additional Information 

List of the Chief Justices of India 

The correct answer is pectin.

Key Points

• Pectin:-
• Pectin is a complex carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants, particularly in fruits.
• It is a type of soluble fiber and plays a significant role in giving structure and texture to various fruits and vegetables.
• Pectin is responsible for the gel-like consistency in jams, jellies, and other fruit preserves. It is widely used in the food industry as a gelling agent, thickener, and stabilizer.
• In a plant, pectin is present in the middle lamella, primary cell and secondary walls and accumulates in the initial stages of development during cell expansion.

Additional Information

• Chitin:-
• It is a natural biopolymer found in the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods (such as insects, spiders, and crustaceans), and some other invertebrate organisms.
• It is chemically composed of long chains of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) molecules linked together.
• Chitin is closely related to another biopolymer called chitosan, which is derived from chitin through a deacetylation process.
• Gelatin:-
• It is a protein derived from collagen, which is a natural protein found in the connective tissues, bones, and skin of animals, primarily cows, pigs, and sometimes fish.
• It's a widely used ingredient in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its unique gelling, thickening, and binding properties.
• Gelatin is known for its ability to form a gel-like substance when mixed with water and heated, and it has various applications:
• Alginate:-
• It is a natural polysaccharide extracted from various types of brown seaweed, also known as brown algae.
• It's a hydrocolloid, meaning it can absorb and hold water, forming gels and providing texture to a variety of products.
• Alginate has numerous applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and industrial sectors, thanks to its gelling, thickening, stabilizing, and film-forming properties.

The correct answer is RBI.

Key Points

• Reserve Bank of India:-
• It was established in 1935 on the recommendation of the Hilton-Young Commission.
• The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of the country.
• The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934  provides the statutory basis of the functioning of the Bank.
• State Bank of India was established on 1 July 1955.
• Hilton Young Commission:-
• It was formally known as the Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance.
• It was an investigative body established by the British Government in 1925 to look into India's currency and finance systems.
• The committee was headed by Edward Hilton Young, hence the informal name "Hilton Young Commission".

 Additional Information

• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI):-
• It is the regulator for the securities market in India.
• It was established in the year 1988 and given statutory powers on April 12, 1992, through the SEBI Act, 1992.
• State Bank of India (SBI):-
• It is the largest commercial bank in India in terms of assets, deposits, branches, customers, and employees.
• The bank is also the largest mortgage lender in the country.
• National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD):-
• It is an apex development financial institution in India that focuses primarily on rural development.
• The bank's mission is to promote sustainable and equitable agriculture and rural development through effective credit support, related services, institution-building, and other innovative initiatives.

The correct answer is fourth year.

Key Points

• Olympic Games:-
• The modern Olympic Games were revived by Pierre de Coubertin in 1896. The ancient Olympic Games were held in Olympia, Greece, from around 776 BC to 393 AD.
• The Summer Olympics are held every four years, while the Winter Olympics are also held every four years but are staggered by two years from the Summer Games.
• The host city and country for each Olympic Games are selected through a bidding process by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The hosting provides an opportunity for the host country to showcase its culture, infrastructure, and hospitality.
• The Olympic Games feature a wide range of sports and disciplines, including athletics, swimming, gymnastics, cycling, skiing, figure skating, and more. The program can vary between the Summer and Winter Games.
• The Olympic rings symbolize the five continents of the world united through sports. Each ring represents a continent: Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania.

The correct answer is Gujarati folk dance form, Bhavai.

Key Points

• Joravarsinh Jadav:-
• He is a prolific figure in Gujarati literature, particularly known for his contributions to Gujarati folklore.
• He was born on June 9, 1938, in the Kheda district of Gujarat, India.
• He earned his Master's degree from Sardar Patel University.
• Jadav's extensive research in Gujarati folklore and his efforts to bring this often underrated genre into mainstream literature have earned him great respect.
• He is known as "Lok Sahitya Sarjak" (Creator of Folk Literature). His works cover a wide range of forms including novels, short stories, travelogues, children’s literature, and more.
• He was awarded the Padma Shri 2019 for his contribution to Gujarati folk dance form, Bhavai.

The correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi.

Key Points

• Hind Swaraj:-
• Hind Swaraj was written by Mahatma Gandhi in 1909.
• In this book, Gandhiji declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians and had survived with their cooperation only.
• He added that if Indians had refused to cooperate, British rule would have collapsed and led to Swaraj.
• Mahatma Gandhi:-
• Mahatma Gandhi was a social reformist and leader of the Indian Independence Movement who introduced the idea of nonviolent resistance called Satyagraha.
• Birth: 2^nd October 1869 in Porbandar (Gujarat)
• Brief Profile: Lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the leader of the nationalist movement against the British rule of India.
• Death: He was shot dead by Nathuram Godse on 30^th January 1948.
• 30^th January is observed as Martyrs' Day.

Additional Information

• Dadabhai Naoroji:-
• He was also known as the "Grand Old Man of India,"
• Naoroji was a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early political and social leader.
• He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress.
• Naoroji served as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of Commons as a Liberal Party member.
• He is also credited with the founding of the concept of "Drain of Wealth" that held that Britain was taking away India's resources, leading to India's impoverishment.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak:-
• He is known as Lokmanya Tilak.
• He was an Indian nationalist, teacher, and an eminent independence activist.
• He was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement and is best known for his slogan "Swaraj (Self-rule) is my birthright and I shall have it!" adopted by the Indian independence movement.
• Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of "Swaraj" and a strong radical during the Indian Independence Movement.
• He is known for his attempts to mobilize Indian masses through religious symbolism, such as turning the annual domestic festival into a grand public event.
• Annie Besant:-
• She was born in Britain, Besant was a social reformer, women's rights activist, writer, orator, educationist, and prominent theosophist.
• She moved to India in 1893 and became a leader in the Indian National Congress.
• She launched the Home Rule League in 1916, aiming for dominion status for India.
• Besant was the first woman president of the Indian National Congress.

The correct answer is Moa Subong.

Key Points

• Moa Subong:-
• He is a 57-year-old musician from Nagaland, invented Bamhum what he considers the “easiest musical instrument in the world”.
• Moa earned the National Award for Grassroot Innovation in March 2017 from former President, Pranab Mukherjee for Bumhum.
• He won the Padma award for the year 2023 for his efforts on S &T based innovative ways of creating Naga folk music.

Additional Information

• Some of the the Padma Shree awardee and the states are listed below:
• | < >Person | < >Field | < >State | | --- | --- | --- | | < >Ramesh Patange | < >Literature & Education | < >Maharashtra | | < >Dr. Mahendra Pal | < >Science & Engineering | < >Gujarat | | < >Uma Shankar Pande | < >Social Work | < >Uttar Pradesh | | < >Parshuram Khune | < >Art | < >Maharashtra | | Ms. Subhadra Devi | < >Art | < >Bihar |

The correct answer is 19.

Key Points

• Tokyo Paralympics 2020:
• India finishes 24^th with record 19 medals.
• India finished their campaign at the Tokyo Paralympics 2020 with an all-time high of 19 medals which includes five gold, eight silver, and six bronze.
• Bhavina Patel becoming the first Indian table tennis player to win a Paralympic medal and Harvinder Singh mirroring the feat in archery.
• Shooter Avani Lekhara, however, was the standout name as she became the first Indian woman to win a Paralympic gold medal.
• China topped the medal tally with 96 gold, 60 silver, and 51 bronze medals. Great Britain and the United States followed to secure second and third positions, respectively.
• The closing ceremony was on September 5, 2021, which celebrated the successful completion of the games and included the traditional passing of the Paralympic flag to Paris, the host city of the 2024 Paralympic Games.

Additional Information

• The awardees are:-

The correct answer is Minister and Officials

Key Points

• Amatya:-
• It is a term used in various cultures, particularly in ancient Indian history, to denote a high-ranking official or ministerial position within a royal or administrative structure.
• The term "Amatya" has been used in different historical contexts and regions, including ancient India and Nepal.
• In the context of ancient India, an Amatya was a prominent minister or advisor to a king or ruler. They held significant administrative, political, and strategic responsibilities.
• The Amatya played a crucial role in the governance of the kingdom, including decision-making, policy formulation, and management of various state affairs.
• The role and significance of the Amatya varied across different dynasties and historical periods in India.
• The Amatya often had expertise in various fields, such as governance, diplomacy, finance, law, and military strategy.
• "Amatya" in the Saptang Theory of Kautilya denotes Ministers and Officials.
• They acted as a bridge between the ruler and the common people, conveying the concerns and needs of the population to the king and vice versa.
• The Amatya's influence and power could sometimes rival that of the king, making the position politically significant.
• In ancient Nepal, "Amatya" referred to the prime minister or chief minister, who held a key role in the administration of the country.
• The term "Amatya" underscores the importance of capable and knowledgeable advisors in the functioning of a kingdom or state.
• The concept of an Amatya reflects the hierarchical and structured nature of ancient governance systems, where different officials played specific roles in the administration of the realm.

The correct answer is Second.

Key Points

• Indian Five-Year Plan :
• ​A plan spells out how the resources of a nation should be put to use.
• It should have some general goals as well as specific objectives which are to be achieved within a specified period of time.
• The goals of the five year plans are growth, modernisation, self-reliance and equity.
• In India, plans are of five years duration and are called five-year plans (we borrowed this from the former Soviet Union, the pioneer in national planning).
• Our plan documents not only specify the objectives to be attained in the five years of a plan but also what is to be achieved over a period of twenty years.
• This long-term plan is called a ‘perspective plan’.
• The five-year plans are supposed to provide the basis for the perspective plan.
• Second Five year Plan (1956-1961):
• ​The aim of this plan is to adopt the Nehru-Mahalanobis model.‘Rapid industrialization with particular emphasis on the development of basic and heavy industries Industrial Policy of 1956 accepted the establishment of a socialistic pattern of society as the goal of economic policy.
• However, It could not be implemented fully due to the shortage of foreign exchange. Targets had to be pruned. Yet, Hydroelectric power projects and five steel mills at Bhilai, Durgapur, and Rourkela were established.

Additional Information

• All Five-Year Plans:

The correct answer is Jorhat.

Key Points

• Tea Festival of Assam:-
• The Tea Festival in Assam is celebrated in the city of Jorhat.
• Jorhat is known for its significant contribution to the tea industry in Assam and India as a whole.
• The festival celebrates the rich cultural and historical connection of Assam with tea cultivation and production.
• It typically includes various events, exhibitions, cultural performances, and discussions related to tea and its significance in the region.

Additional Information

• Guwahati, the largest city in Assam, is not specifically known for hosting the Tea Festival. However, it does have a significant role in the state's economy and culture, including its connection to tea cultivation.
• Silchar is another major city in Assam, but it is not commonly associated with the Tea Festival. Its tea-related significance lies in its proximity to tea plantations and the tea industry.
• Dibrugarh is a city in Assam that has a strong connection to the tea industry. It is often considered the "Tea City of India." While it doesn't typically host the Tea Festival, it plays a significant role in tea production and trade in the region.

The correct answer is Pteridophyta - Cycas

Key Points

• Bryophyta - Moss:
• Bryophyta is the scientific name for the group of plants commonly known as mosses.
• Mosses are non-vascular plants that lack true roots, stems, and leaves. They reproduce through spores and play important roles in ecosystems, particularly in retaining moisture and contributing to soil formation.
• Angiosperms - Rose:
• Angiosperms, also known as flowering plants, are the largest and most diverse group of plants on Earth.
• They produce seeds enclosed within fruits. Roses are a well-known example of angiosperms.
• They have distinct flowers with petals and sepals and produce fruits containing seeds after pollination.
• Pteridophyta - Cycas:
• This is the incorrect pair. Pteridophyta refers to the group of vascular plants known as ferns, horsetails, and clubmosses.
• These plants reproduce via spores and have a distinct alternation of generations life cycle. Cycas, on the other hand, is a type of gymnosperm, not a pteridophyte.
• Gymnosperms - Pinus:
• Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that do not produce flowers.
• Their seeds are not enclosed in fruits but are exposed on the surfaces of cones.
• Pinus refers to pine trees, which are a classic example of gymnosperms. They have needle-like leaves and produce cones that contain seeds.

The correct answer is high population between 15- 64 years

Key Points

• Demographic dividend means the economic growth potential as a result of shifts in a population’s age structure, especially when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64 years) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population.
• India is one of the youngest countries in the world.
• India has 62.5% of its population in the age group of 15-59 years which is the peak working age.
• This bulge in the working-age population is going to last till 2055, or 37 years from its beginning.
• This transition is mainly due to a decrease in the Total Fertility Rate (number of births per woman) after the increase in life expectancy has become stable.
• | Age Group (years) | Population (%) | | --- | --- | | 0-14 | 30 | | 15-59 | 62.5 | | 60 or above | 8 |

The correct answer is tabla.

Key Points

• Faiyaz Khan:-
• Ustad Faiyaz Khan (1880–1950) was one of the most influential Indian classical vocalists of the first half of the 20^th century.
• He is often regarded as the last great singer of the Agra Gharana, a school of Hindustani classical music.
• Ustad Faiyaz Khan was born in Sikandra near Agra.
• Even though he belonged to the Agra Gharana, his style was a blend of many schools of Indian classical music, including the styles of Jaipur and Gwalior Gharanas.
• He was known for his exceptional voice and a unique style of presentation.
• He is associated with Tabla.

Additional Information

• Some proponents are:-
• Veena:
• Emani Sankara Sastry
• S. Balachander
• Doraiswamy Iyengar
• Chitti Babu
• E. Gayathri
• Shehnai:-
• Bismillah Khan
• Ali Ahmed Hussain Khan
• Nazir Hussain Khan
• Daya Shankar
• Anant Lal
• Sitar:-
• Ravi Shankar
• Vilayat Khan
• Nikhil Banerjee
• Budhaditya Mukherjee
• Shahid Parvez

The correct answer is Kathak.

Key Points

• Kathak:-
• Kathak is one of the eight major forms of Indian classical dance.
• The origins of Kathak lie in the storytelling traditions of northern India, where wandering minstrels called Kathakars used dance, music, and acting to share stories from ancient mythology and moral fables.
• Over time, this storytelling tradition evolved into the sophisticated dance form we know today.
• Kathak has developed as a synthesis of Hindu and Muslim influences, evidenced by the integration of Bhakti movement devotion, ancient Indian philosophy, mythology, as well as Persian and Central Asian artistic influences brought by the Mughals.
• Kathak has developed as a synthesis of Hindu and Muslim influences, evidenced by the integration of Bhakti movement devotion, ancient Indian philosophy, mythology, as well as Persian and Central Asian artistic influences brought by the Mughals.
• The Raigarh Gharana is associated with Kathak dance forms.

Additional Information

• The eight major classical dances of India are:
• | Dance form | Place | | --- | --- | | Bharatanatyam | Tamil Nadu | | Kathak | North India | | Kathakali | Kerala | | Kuchipudi | Andhra Pradesh | | Manipuri | Manipur | | Mohiniyattam | Kerala | | Odissi | Odisha | | Sattriya | Assam |

The correct answer is 

Key Points

• Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782):-
• He was a Swiss mathematician and physicist.
• He is best known for his applications of mathematics to mechanics, especially fluid mechanics, and for his pioneering work in probability and statistics.
• His name is prominently remembered through the principle of Bernoulli's equation, which describes the behavior of fluid flow.

Additional Information

• Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647):-
• He was an Italian physicist and mathematician, best known for his invention of the barometer, an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.
• This invention played a significant role in the development of the field of fluid dynamics.
• Blaise Pascal (1623–1662):-
• He was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and writer, who made significant contributions to various fields:
• Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille:-
• He was a French physicist and physiologist who is most known for his research in the field of fluid dynamics.
• He was born in Paris on April 22, 1797, and died there on December 26, 1869.

The correct answer is Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

Key Points

• The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM):-
• It was a massive city-modernisation scheme launched by the Government of India under the Ministry of Urban Development in 2005.
• It aimed to improve cities' infrastructure and governance by making various services available to all urban residents, geared towards creating economically productive, efficient, equitable, and responsive cities.
• The mission ended on 31 March 2014, and several components have been continued under the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) and Smart Cities Mission.
• The JnNURM primarily covered two kinds of cities:
• Cities/Urban Agglomerations (UA) with a population of 1 million or more (according to the 2001 census), and selected cities (mostly capitals).
• Selected Tier-II cities, with emphasis on cities that have sanitation issues, and water supply problems, among other aspects of poor urban infrastructure.
• The mission attempted to make a noticeable impact with modern city governance and helping citizens get access to better civic infrastructure.
• However, it had its share of critics who pointed at issues such as slum evictions without proper rehabilitation, inefficient use of funds, and a top-down approach to urban planning.

Additional Information

• National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM):
• The NULM is a scheme launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India, in September 2013.
• It aimed at reducing urban poverty by promoting diversified employment opportunities and enhancing the livelihoods of the urban poor.
• Integrated Development of Small and Medium Towns (IDSMT):
• The IDSMT scheme was launched by the Government of India in 1979-80 to provide basic urban services and infrastructure in small and medium towns.
• It aimed to promote economic activities, growth, balanced urban-rural connections, and improve the quality of life in towns so as to prevent further migration to large cities.
• Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT):
• Launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in June 2015.
• AMRUT is an urban transformation scheme with the objective of providing basic services (water supply, sewerage, urban transport) to households and improving the quality of life for all, especially the urban poor, in a sustainable manner.

The correct answer is 26^th November 1949.

Key Points

• Indian Constitution:-
• The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.
• It lays down the framework that demarcates the political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of the government institutions, and sets out the fundamental rights, directive principles, and duties of citizens.
• The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world.
• It was drafted by the Constituent Assembly of India, which was elected by the elected members of the provincial assemblies.
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was appointed the chairman of the drafting committee, and he is often recognized as the principal architect of the constitution.
• The constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26^th November 1949 and officially came into effect on 26^th January 1950, a date celebrated as Republic Day in India.
• The constitution declared India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic, and it assures its citizens of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.
• The Indian Constitution is a comprehensive document with a preamble and 448 articles, which are grouped into 25 parts with 12 schedules and five appendices.
• It envisages a parliamentary form of government, which is federal in structure with unitary features.
• The contemporary constitution can be divided into two parts—union and states. The union part contains the powers and functions of union executives, parliament, and judiciary, while the state part has the same for states.

The correct answer is Mizoram.

Key Points

• Molasses basin:-
• It refers to a geological formation made up of sediments deposited by fluvial processes, often characteristic of an intermountain basin area that receives substantial sediments from surrounding highlands.
• The sediments in a molasse sequence are derived from the erosion of these mountains and are transported and deposited within the basin.
• Mizoram state is also known as the 'Molasses Basin'

The correct answer is Deva Raya II.

Key Points

• Abdur Razzaq:-
• Abdur Razzaq the great Iranian scholar came to India in the 15^th century.

He was born in 1413 and was appointed the Qazi of Samarqand under Shah Rokh Khan.

• Abdur Razzaq stayed in the court of the Vijayanagara empire Diva Raya II from 1442-1443 and gave a vind description of the Vijayanagara kingdom.
• Duarte Barbosa was a Portuguese official in south India, who traveled Vijayanagara Empire during the reign of Krishna Deva Raya in 1518.
• Among the other important travelers who came to India in the medieval period were Antonio Monserrate, Peter Mundy, Jean Baptisite Tavernier, Franciso Pelesart, and Nikolo Muncci.
• Deva Raya II:-
• Deva Raya II was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1425 to 1446 CE.
• During his rule, the Vijayanagara Empire saw significant prosperity and growth, turning it into one of the leading empire of the southern part of the Indian subcontinent.

Additional Information

• Bukka Raya I:-
• It is more commonly known as Bukka I.
• He was the founder of the Vijayanagara Empire in the Deccan region of South India.
• He ruled as the empire's first king from around 1356 to 1377 CE.

The correct answer is Legislative Council.

Key Points

• Article 172(2) of the Constitution of India states:-
• "A member holding office as a member of an Assembly shall, unless the Assembly is sooner dissolved, continue to hold office until immediately before the first meeting of the Assembly elected next after the dissolution of the Assembly."
• Composition of the Legislative Councils : 
• Article 169 of the Constitution allows Parliament to either create or abolish a Legislative Council in a state if the Legislative Assembly of the State passes a resolution to that effect.
• The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members in the Legislative Assembly of that State.
• The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State shall in no case be less than 40.

Additional Information

• Legislative Assembly:-
• It is an institution of representative democracy where elected representatives, usually known as Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), meet to debate and create legislation.
• These assemblies are part of the legislative process, particularly in parliamentary governments, and are often the lower house in the bicameral legislative structure common to many countries.
• House of People:-
• In the Indian context refers to the Lok Sabha, which is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament.
• The members of the Lok Sabha are elected by the Indian public in general elections, which take place every five years.
• Council of States:-
• It refers to the Rajya Sabha, which is the upper house of the Parliament of India.
• The name "Rajya Sabha" translates to "Council of States" in English, signifying its role in representing the various states and union territories of India.

The correct answer is Entry of women to Sabarimala.

Key Points

• Entry of women to Sabarimala:-
• The Supreme Court on 28 September 2018 allowed entry of women of all ages into the Ayyappa temple at Sabarimala in Kerala.
• The SC said banning entry of women to Kerala's Sabarimala temple is gender discrimination and the practice violates rights of Hindu women.
• Justice Indu Malhotra penned a dissenting opinion Entry of women to Sabarimala.
• The court gave its verdict on a clutch of pleas challenging the ban on entry of women at Sabarimala in Kerala.

Additional Information

• Doctrine of Basic Structure:-
• It is a judicial principle developed by the Supreme Court of India in 1973.
• This principle emerged in the Keshavananda Bharati judgment.
• The Parliament of India is vested with the power of amending the Constitution (Article 368). But, the doctrine of basic structure restricts the powers of the Parliament.
• According to this, the Supreme Court has the power to declare any law void if it is found to be unconstitutional.
• Any amendment that tries to change the basic structure of the constitution is considered unconstitutional, though the term ';basic structure' is not mentioned in the constitution and has evolved over time.
• This principle thus helps to protect and preserve the spirit of the constitution document.
• Preamble' of the Indian Constitution -
• The Preamble to a Constitution embodies the fundamental values and the philosophy, on which the Constitution is based, and the aims and objectives, which the founding fathers of the Constitution enjoined the polity to strive to achieve.
• The importance and utility of the Preamble have been pointed out in several decisions of the Supreme Court of India.

​The correct answer is January 1915.

Key Points

• Mahatma Gandhi returned back to India in January 1915.
• He returned from South Africa, where he fought the racist regime through the method of mass agitation.
• He called the method of mass agitation- Satyagraha.
• After arriving in India, he led various Satyagrahas in different states of the country.

Additional Information

• Important years related to Mahatma Gandhi:-
• 1869: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2 in Porbandar, Gujarat, India.
• 1888: Gandhi travelled to England to study law at University College London and was admitted to the inner Temple with the intention of becoming a barrister.
• 1893-1914: Gandhi spent twenty-one years in South Africa, where he developed his political views, ethics, and political leadership skills. He experienced and witnessed racial discrimination, which was instrumental in developing his social activism.
• 1915: Gandhi returned to India from South Africa.
• 1919: Gandhi launched his first large-scale protest, the Satyagraha campaign against the proposed Rowlatt Act.
• 1920-1922: Gandhi led the Non-Cooperation Movement against the British rule.
• 1930: Gandhi led the Salt March, also known as the Dandi March, a 240-mile march to the Arabian sea to protest against the British salt tax.
• 1942: Gandhi launched his last major campaign against British rule, the Quit India Movement.
• 1947: India gained independence from British rule on August 15.
• 1948: Gandhi was assassinated on January 30 in New Delhi by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist.

Given : 

Sum of the two numbers is 98.

Difference between the two numbers is 28.

Calculation : 

According to question,

⇒ x + y = 98 -------(1)

⇒ x - y = 28 ----------(2)

By Solving equation(1) and equation(2) :

⇒ 2y = 70

⇒ y = 35

∴ The correct answer is 35.

Shortcut Trick

Speed ratio Downstream : Still water = 125% : 100% = 5 : 4

Stream speed ratio = 5 − 4 = 1 part, so Upstream speed ratio = 4 − 1 = 3 parts.

Speed in still water (4 parts) = 20 km ÷ 0.5 hr = 40 km/h.

Upstream speed (3 parts) = (40 ÷ 4) × 3 = 30 km/h.

Time for 15 km upstream = 15 ÷ 30 = 1/2 hour.

∴ The correct answer is 1/2 hour.

Alternate Method

Given:

⇒ Speed downstream = 125% of speed in still water.

⇒ Time taken to cover 20 km in still water = 30 minutes = 0.5 hours.

Formula Used:

⇒ Speed = Distance ÷ Time

⇒ Downstream Speed (D) = Boat Speed (B) + Stream Speed (S)

⇒ Upstream Speed (U) = Boat Speed (B) − Stream Speed (S)

Calculations:

⇒ Speed in still water (B) = 20 km ÷ 0.5 hours = 40 km/h

⇒ Speed downstream (D) = 125% of 40 = 1.25 × 40 = 50 km/h

⇒ Speed of stream (S) = D − B = 50 − 40 = 10 km/h

⇒ Speed upstream (U) = B − S = 40 − 10 = 30 km/h

⇒ Time to cover 15 km upstream = Distance ÷ Upstream Speed

⇒ Time = 15 ÷ 30 = 1/2 hour

∴ The correct answer is 1/2 hour.

Additional Information

Speed in Still Water

It is the average of downstream and upstream speeds: B = (D + U) ÷ 2

Speed of Stream

It is half the difference between downstream and upstream speeds: S = (D − U) ÷ 2

Average Speed of Journey

If a boat goes a certain distance downstream and comes back upstream, the average speed is (2 × D × U) ÷ (D + U).

Given : 

Principal = Rs.78000

Time = 146 days

Rate = 35/4 %

Formula Used : 

SI = (P × R × T)/100

Calculation : 

Jan. = 8 days 

Feb. = 29 days

March = 31 days

April = 30 days

May = 31 days

June = 17 days ----(not 18 because she paid it back on 18^th June)

So, 8 + 29 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 17 = 146 days

⇒ SI = 78000 × 35/4 × 146/366 × 1/100

⇒ SI = 3985800/1464 = 2722.54098

Amount = 78000 + 2722.54098 = 80722.541

Amount = Rs.80723

∴ The correct answer is Rs.80723.

Calculation : 

Let the age of mother be x and age of daughter by y.

According to question ,

⇒ x - 7 = 7(y - 7)

⇒ x - 7 = 7y - 49

⇒ x - 7y = - 42  -------(1)

And,

⇒ x + 3 = 3(y + 3)

⇒ x + 3 = 3y + 9

⇒ x - 3y = 6 --------(2)

Now subtracting eq(2) from eq(1) : 

⇒ 4y = 48

⇒ y = 12

Putting value of y in eq(2) : 

⇒ x - 36 = 6

⇒ x = 42

∴ The correct answer is 42, 12.

Calculation : 

We know ,

⇒ 100% = 360° 

⇒ 1% = 3.6° 

Minimum angle = 10 × 3.6° = 36° 

∴ The correct answer is 36°.

Calculation : 

∴ The correct answer is 3.

Concept Used : 

A number will be divisible by 11 if the difference between the sum of digits be multiple of 11 or the result is 0.

For eg : 9383 = 9 + 8 - (3 + 3) = 17 - 6 = 11. So, 9383 is divided by 11.

Calculation :

⇒ 9592885 = 9 + 9 + 8 + 5 - (5 + 2 + 8) = 18 + 13 - 15 = 31 - 15 = 16

⇒ 9592741 = 9 + 9 + 7 + 1 - (5 + 2 + 4) = 18 + 8 - 11 = 15

⇒ 9592450 = 9 + 9 + 4 + 0 - (5 + 2 + 5) = 18 + 4 - 12 = 10

⇒ 9592330 = 9 + 9 + 3 + 0 - (5 + 2 + 3) = 21 - 10 = 11

∴ The correct answer is 9592330.

Calculation : 

Ratio of BSNL Sim - Cards = 10

Ratio of Airtel Sim - Cards = 20

Ratio = 10 : 20

∴ The correct answer is 1 : 2.

Calculation :

sinθ + sin²θ = 1

sinθ = 1 - sin²θ 

cos2 θ + cos4 θ = cos²θ + (cos²θ)² 

⇒ cos²θ + (1 - sin²θ)² = 1

⇒ cos²θ + sinθ² = 1

∴ The correct answer is 1.

Given : 

Speed of 1^st person = 20 m/s

Speed of the 2^nd person = 30 m/s

Circumference of the Track = 100 m

Concept used :

Speed = Distance covered / Time taken

Calculation :

The time taken by the first person to complete a full lap is 100 m / 20 m/s = 5 seconds. 

The time taken by the second person to complete a full lap is 100 m / 30 m/s = 10/3 seconds.

​The LCM of 5 seconds and 10/3 seconds is 10 seconds, which means they will end up in the same initial positions after 10 seconds.

Let the two persons cross each other for the first time after x seconds.

Then, total distance covered by 1^st person = 20x and the 2^nd person = 30x

Now, the total distance covered by both the person = Circumference of the track ⇒ 30x + 20x = 100m ⇒ 50x = 100m ⇒ x = 2 s

∴ The two persons will cross each other for the first time after 2 seconds.

After 2 seconds, the first person will be at the starting point and the second person will be at the opposite point on the track.

The two persons will cross each other again after 2 seconds, and then again after 2 seconds, and so on.

So in 10 seconds they will meet = 10/2 = 5 times

Therefore, the two persons will cross each other at 5 distinct points on the track.

Shortcut Trick

S1 = 20 m/s and S2 = 30 m/s

S1/S2 = 2/3

They are running in opposite directions so they will meet each other at distinct points = 2 + 3 = 5

Given : 

Susan can type 12 pages in 6 minutes.

Mary can type 6 pages in 12 minutes. 

Formula Used : 

Work Done = Time × Efficiency

Calculation : 

Efficiency of Susan = 2

Efficiency of Mary = 0.5

No of pages = (2 + 0.5) × 32 min 

⇒ 2.5 × 32 min

⇒ 25/10 × 32 min

⇒ 80

∴ The correct answer is 80.

Calculation : 

Let the amount lent by R to S be x

⇒ R_received = x + 17000

⇒ S_received = x + 8.5x/100

Amount remained with S = x + 8.5x/100 - (x + 17000)

⇒ 8.5x/100 - 17000

Now by putting values from the option we see : 

⇒ 8.5 × 200000/100 - 17000 = 0

⇒ 8.5 × 225000/100 - 17000 = 2125

⇒ 8.5 × 180000/100 - 17000 = - 1700

⇒ 8.5 × 170000/100 - 17000 = - 2550

The minimum amount that can be borrowed by S = Rs.200000

∴ The correct answer is 200000.

Given : 

Work done by 8 men is completed in 10 days.

Same work can be completed in 12 days when done by 10 women.

Formula Used : 

M₁H₁D₁/W₁ = M₂H₂D₂/W₂

Calculation : 

⇒ 8M × 10 = 10W × 12

⇒ 80M = 120W

⇒ M/W = 120/80 = 3/2

Total Work = 8 × 3 × 10 = 240

Now, 240 = (4M + 4W) × time

⇒ time = 240/(4 × 3 + 4 × 2)

⇒ time = 240/20 = 12 days

∴ The correct answer is 12 days.

Shortcut Trick From x2 − 7x + 1 = 0, divide by x to get x + 1/x = 7. If x + 1/x = a, then x − 1/x = ±√(a2 − 4). Since 0 < x < 1, x − 1/x must be negative, so x − 1/x = −√(72 − 4) = −√45 = −3√5. We need x2 − 1/x2 = (x + 1/x)(x − 1/x) = 7 × (−3√5) = −21√5. ∴ The correct answer is −21√5. Alternate Method Given: x2 − 7x + 1 = 0 and 0 < x < 1 Formula Used: (a − b)2 = (a + b)2 − 4ab a2 − b2 = (a + b)(a − b) Calculations: ⇒ x2 − 7x + 1 = 0 Divide the equation by x: ⇒ x − 7 + 1/x = 0 ⇒ x + 1/x = 7 Using the algebraic identity: ⇒ (x − 1/x)2 = (x + 1/x)2 − 4 ⇒ (x − 1/x)2 = 72 − 4 ⇒ (x − 1/x)2 = 49 − 4 = 45 ⇒ x − 1/x = ±√45 = ±3√5 Since 0 < x < 1, 1/x > x, so (x − 1/x) is negative. ⇒ x − 1/x = −3√5 Now find the value of x2 − 1/x2: ⇒ x2 − 1/x2 = (x + 1/x)(x − 1/x) ⇒ x2 − 1/x2 = 7 × (−3√5) ⇒ x2 − 1/x2 = −21√5 ∴ The correct answer is −21√5. Additional Information Higher Powers Identity If x + 1/x = a, then x2 + 1/x2 = a2 − 2, and x3 + 1/x3 = a3 − 3a. Difference Identity If x − 1/x = a, then x2 + 1/x2 = a2 + 2, and x3 − 1/x3 = a3 + 3a. Sum to Difference Conversion (x + 1/x)2 − (x − 1/x)2 = 4. This is extremely useful for shifting between sum and difference of reciprocals.

Given : 

Marked Price = Rs.9400

Discount = 4%

Calculation : 

Discount = 4/100 = 1/25

MP = 25 unit , SP = 24 unit

MP = 25 unit = Rs.9400

MP = 1unit = 376

SP = 24 × 376 = Rs.9024

∴ The correct answer is Rs.9024.

Shortcut Trick

Total spend on pens and erasers = (10 × 8) + (10 × 5) = ₹130.

Remaining budget for sharpeners = 150 − 130 = ₹20.

Quantity of sharpeners = 20 ÷ 4 = 5 items.

Total items = 10 (pens) + 10 (erasers) + 5 (sharpeners) = 25 items.

Average price = Total Budget ÷ Total Quantity = 150 ÷ 25 = ₹6.

∴ The correct answer is ₹6.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total spending = ₹150

Pens = 10 @ ₹8 each | Erasers = 10 @ ₹5 each | Sharpeners = n @ ₹4 each

Formula: Average Price = Total Cost ÷ Total Quantity

Calculations:

⇒ Cost of pens = 10 × 8 = ₹80

⇒ Cost of erasers = 10 × 5 = ₹50

⇒ Remaining amount for sharpeners = 150 − (80 + 50)

⇒ Remaining amount = 150 − 130 = ₹20

⇒ Number of sharpeners = 20 ÷ 4 = 5

⇒ Total quantity of items = 10 + 10 + 5 = 25

⇒ Average price per item = 150 ÷ 25

⇒ Average price = ₹6

∴ The correct answer is ₹6.

Additional Information

Weighted Average Formula

When different quantities (n₁, n₂...) have different prices (p₁, p₂...), the weighted average = (n₁p₁ + n₂p₂ + ...) ÷ (n₁ + n₂ + ...).

Average Price Concept

The average price represents the uniform cost if all items were bought at the same price while maintaining the same total expenditure.

Unit Price Formula

Unit Price = Total Cost of specific items ÷ Number of units of those items.

Given : 

10 women can do a work in 6 days.

6 men can do the same work in 5 days.

Formula Used : 

Work Done = time × efficiency

Calculation : 

⇒ 10W × 6 = 6M × 5

⇒ 60W = 30M

⇒ W/M = 1/2

Total Work = 60

Time = 60/(10 × 1 + 6 × 2)

⇒ 60/22 = 30/11

⇒ $2 \frac{8}{11}$

∴ The correct answer is  $2 \frac{8}{11}$.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of corresponding sides of similar triangles = Ratio of their perimeters.

Side ratio (ABC : PQR) = AB ÷ PQ = 4 ÷ 6 = 2 ÷ 3.

Perimeter of ΔPQR = PQ + QR + RP = 6 + 9 + 12 = 27 cm.

Perimeter of ΔABC = 27 × (2 ÷ 3) = 18 cm.

∴ The correct answer is 18 cm.

Alternate Method

Given: ΔABC ~ ΔPQR, AB = 4 cm, PQ = 6 cm, QR = 9 cm, and RP = 12 cm.

Formula Used: For two similar triangles, Perimeter₁ ÷ Perimeter₂ = Side₁ ÷ Side₂.

⇒ Perimeter of ΔPQR = PQ + QR + RP

⇒ Perimeter of ΔPQR = 6 + 9 + 12 = 27 cm

⇒ AB ÷ PQ = Perimeter of ΔABC ÷ Perimeter of ΔPQR

⇒ 4 ÷ 6 = Perimeter of ΔABC ÷ 27

⇒ 2 ÷ 3 = Perimeter of ΔABC ÷ 27

⇒ Perimeter of ΔABC = (2 × 27) ÷ 3

⇒ Perimeter of ΔABC = 54 ÷ 3 = 18 cm

∴ The correct answer is 18 cm.

Additional Information

Similarity Ratios

If two triangles are similar, the ratio of their corresponding altitudes, medians, and angle bisectors is equal to the ratio of their corresponding sides.

Area Ratio Property

The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides: Area₁ ÷ Area₂ = (Side₁ ÷ Side₂)².

Criteria for Similarity

Two triangles are similar if they satisfy the AA (Angle-Angle), SAS (Side-Angle-Side), or SSS (Side-Side-Side) conditions.

Shortcut Trick

For any two numbers a and b, the third proportional is calculated directly as b² ÷ a.

Here, a = 25 and b = 35.

Third proportional = (35 × 35) ÷ 25

= 1225 ÷ 25 = 49

∴ The correct answer is 49.

Alternate Method

Given:

First number (a) = 25

Second number (b) = 35

Formula Used:

If c is the third proportional to a and b, then a : b :: b : c, which implies c = b² ÷ a.

25 1^st Term

35 2^nd Term

49 3^rd Term

× 7/5

× 7/5

Proportionality Pattern

Calculations:

⇒ Let the third proportional be c.

⇒ 25 : 35 :: 35 : c

⇒ 25 ÷ 35 = 35 ÷ c

⇒ 25 × c = 35 × 35

⇒ c = 1225 ÷ 25

⇒ c = 49

∴ The correct answer is 49.

Additional Information

Mean Proportional

For two numbers a and b, the mean proportional x is calculated as x = √(ab).

Fourth Proportional

For three numbers a, b, and c, the fourth proportional x satisfies a : b :: c : x, resulting in x = (b × c) ÷ a.

Continuous Proportion

Three non-zero numbers a, b, c are in continuous proportion if a : b = b : c.

Given : 

Salaries of a father, mother and daughter are in the ratio 2 ∶ 3 ∶ 5. 

Calculation : 

Let the Salaries of father, mother, daughter is 200, 300, 500.

Increased salary of father = 200 × 115/100 = 230

Increased salary of mother = 300 × 110/100 = 330

Increased salary of daughter = 500 × 120/100 = 600

⇒ 230 : 330 : 600

⇒ 23 : 33 : 60

∴ The correct answer is 23 : 33 : 60.

Given :

Surface area = 9π 

Formula Used : 

Surface area of sphere = 4πr²

Calculation : 

⇒ 9π = 4πr²

⇒ r² = 9/4

⇒ r = 3/2 = 1.5

⇒ Diameter = 2r = 2 × 3/2 = 3 units

∴ The correct answer is 3.

Formula Used : 

Area of Sector = θ/360° × π × r²

Calculation :

Area = 60\360 × 22/7 × 7 × 7

⇒ 1/6 × 22/7 × 7 × 7

⇒ 22 × 7/6

⇒ 11 × 7/3

⇒ 77/3

∴ The correct answer is 77/3.

Calculation : 

65% of 350 - ?% of 250 + 40% of 120 = 158

⇒ 65/100 × 350 - x/100 × 250 + 40/100 × 120 = 158

⇒ 65/10 × 35 - x/10 × 25 + 48 = 158

⇒ 227.5 - 5x/2 + 48 = 158

⇒ 227.5 - 5x/2 = 110

⇒ 227.5 - 110 = 5x/2

⇒ 117.5 = 5x/2

⇒ 235 = 5x

⇒ x = 47

∴ The correct answer is 47.

Calculation : 

$\frac{2 \operatorname{Cos} x-\operatorname{Sin} x}{2 \operatorname{Cos} x+\operatorname{Sin} x}$

⇒ sinx(2cotx - 1)/sinx(2cotx + 1)

⇒ (2cotx - 1)/(2cotx + 1)

⇒ (2 × 5/2 - 1)/(2 × 5/2  + 1)

⇒ (5 - 1)/(5 + 1)

⇒ 4/6 = 2/3

∴ The correct answer is 2/3.

Given :

$\frac{A B}{D E}=\frac{B C}{F D}$

Calculation : 

If the angle made by both the sides of each triangle are equal to each other then triangle ΔABC and ΔDEF will become similar.

Hence ∠B should be equal to angle ∠D

So, ∠B = ∠D

∴ The correct answer is ∠B = ∠D.

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'Plutocracy'.

Key Points

• The given phrase 'Government governed by wealth' refers to a type of government where the rich and wealthy individuals hold the power.(धनशासित सरकार)
• Example: Historical Venice is often cited as an example of a plutocracy, with its wealth-based system of government.
• Plutocracy is a form of oligarchy and defines a society ruled or controlled by the small minority of the wealthiest citizens.(समृद्ध वर्ग द्वारा शासित समाज)
• Example: Some critics argue that the United States has become a plutocracy because of the power held by Wall Street and other wealthy interest groups.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'Plutocracy'.

Additional Information

• Option 1 'Theocracy': Theocracy is a form of government in which a deity of some type is recognized as the supreme ruling authority, giving divine guidance to human intermediaries that manage the day-to-day affairs of the government.(ईश्वरीय शासन)
• Option 2 'Autocracy': Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control. (स्वयंशासन).
• Option 3 'Democracy': Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to choose their governing legislators.(लोकतंत्र).

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Known'.

Key Points

• Clandestine means kept secret or done secretively, especially because illicit.(गुप्त)
• Example: They met in the park for a clandestine meeting so that no one would see them.
• 'Known' is something recognized, familiar, or within the scope of knowledge.(ज्ञात)
• Example: Their relationship was well known amongst their circle of friends.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Known'.

Additional Information

• Option 2 'Private': Private could be seen as a synonym rather than an antonym for clandestine as it also refers to something that is not open or publicly known.(निजी)
• Option 3 'Sneaky': Sneaky also corresponds with clandestine as it refers to the behavior that is secretive or not honest. (चुराई-छुपाई).
• Option 4 'Illicit': Illicit means forbidden by law, rules, or custom, often associates with clandestine as activities that are illicit tend to be conducted clandestinely.(अवैध)

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'realistic'.

Key Points

• Absurd means wildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriate.(बेतुका)
• Example: The idea of walking to the North Pole in shorts is absurd.
• The selected antonym is 'realistic'.
• Realistic means having or showing a sensible and practical idea of what can be achieved or expected.(यथार्थवादी)
• Example: His business plan seems realistic given the current market conditions.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e**. 'realistic'.**

Additional Information

• Option 1 'ordinary': Ordinary means with no special or distinctive features; normal. It would not necessarily serve as an antonym for absurd.(साधारण).
• Option 2 'odd': Odd means different from what is expected; strange. This word is closer to a synonym than an antonym for absurd.(विचित्र).
• Option 3 'eerie': Eerie means strange and frightening. This too is closer to a synonym than an antonym for absurd.(डरावना).

The correct answer is "Option 3: Water covers most of Earth's surface."

Key Points

• The given sentence is in the passive voice: Object + auxiliary verb + past participle + by + agent.
• In active voice, the structure is: Subject + Verb + Object.
• "Water covers most of Earth's surface" places the doer (water) first, and retains the present simple tense, making it the correct choice.
• 'Covered' will be changed into 'covers'.

Therefore, the correct answer is - "Option 3: Water covers most of Earth's surface."

Additional Information

• Options 1, 2, and 4 incorrectly change the tense from present simple to present continuous, present perfect continuous, and present perfect, respectively.

The correct answer is "Option 2: Pritha will been cooking".

Key Points

• The segment "Pritha will been cooking" contains a grammatical error.
• The correct form of future perfect continuous tense is "Subject + will have been + verb-ing".
• Therefore, "Pritha will been cooking" should be corrected to "Pritha will have been cooking".
• Furthermore, we use the future perfect continuous tense for actions that will be ongoing until a certain point in the future. This fits the given sentence context.
• Lastly, the other segments are grammatically correct and meaningful in the sentence context.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Pritha will have been cooking".

Additional Information

• Option 1: "reach home" This segment is grammatically correct in this sentence context.
• Option 3: "the meal of your choice" This segment is grammatically accurate as it properly describes the meal.
• Option 4: "before you" This segment is accurate and serves to set the time reference for the future perfect continuous tense.

The correct answer is: or he.

Key Points

• 'Either' and 'or' are correlative conjunctions.
• Correlative conjunctions are always used in pair.
• Example: Either he or I will come to see you.
• Hence, the appropriate conjunction to use here is 'or', which signifies a choice between the actions of two entities.

Therefore, the corrected sentence is: Either you or he will have to pay for this damage.

The correct answer is: scent.

Key Points

• 'The perfume she uses has a strong ______.', the missing word must refer to the smell or aroma which is produced by the perfume.
• The correct English word for this context is 'scent'. ("सुगन्ध" or "खुशबू")
• Example: The floral scent of her perfume filled the entire room.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'scent'.

Additional Information

• sent: It is the past and past participle of the verb 'send' which in Hindi means (भेजा हुआ)
• scend: It is a nautical term meaning the upward movement of a ship on a wave. (हलचल)
• cent: It is a unit of currency in many countries. (सेंट)

The correct answer is DCAB.

Key Points

• 'D' - This sentence introduces the topic of anxiety setting the tone for the coming sentences. A general statement about the prevalence of anxiety in contemporary society provides an excellent introduction.
• 'C' - This sentence logically follows 'D' in the narrative. After introducing anxiety as a pervasive issue, it discusses how many people fail to recognize they're suffering from it until it becomes severe.
• 'A' - After discussing the fact that many people fail to recognize their anxiety, it's logical to now discuss the onset symptoms of anxiety. Hence, 'A' follows 'C'.
• 'B' - This sentence elaborates on escalated symptoms, following logically from 'A', which provides the initial symptoms of anxiety.

Therefore, the correct answer is: DCAB.

The erroneous word is: Mispell.

Key Points

• The correct spelling of the word is "Misspell".
• Example: I always misspell the word 'necessary'.

Therefore, erroneous word is: Mispell.

Additional Information

• Mischievous (correctly spelled) means causing or showing a fondness for causing trouble in a playful way.
• Miniature (correctly spelled) means very small, or a small-scale version of something.
• Metamorphic (correctly spelled) means relating to the process of metamorphosis, or undergoing a change in form or nature.