SSC CGL 2022 Tier-I Official Paper (Held On : 12 Dec 2022 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is :- 

1. First letter → No change
2. Second letter → (4) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.
3. Third letter → (8) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.
4. Fourth letter → (12) is subtracted from the position value according to the English alphabetic series.

​So,​

Hence, the correct answer is "ALWH".

The logic followed here is :-

1. First and third letters → Opposite letters according to English alphabetic series.
2. Second and third letters → Difference between the position values according to English alphabetic series is (3).

​So,

• UCF

​

• ZXA

​

• NJM

​

• HDX

​

Thus, out of all options only 'HDX' doesn't follows the same logic as others.

Hence, the correct answer is "HDX".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

 

Conclusions:

I. All S are C → Does not follow (As all S are B and some B are C. So, it is possible but not definitely true)

II. No C is B → Does not follow (As some B are C. So, as no negative or cross relation between C and B is given therefore it is definitely false)

III. All B are S → Does not follow (As all S are B. So, it is possible but not definitely true)

∴ Here, None of the conclusions I, II and III follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Neither conclusion follows".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

 

Conclusions:

I. Some utensils are not plates → Follow (As all cups are utensils and no cup is a plate. So, as direct negative or cross relation is given between plates and cups which whole comes in utensils therefore it is definitely true)

II. Some bottles are not plates → Follow (As some bottles are cups and no cup is a plate. So, a direct negative or cross relation is given between plates and cups which has some part common with bottles therefore it is definitely true)

III. No bottle is a plate → Does not follow (As some bottles are cups and no cup is a plate. So, as no direct negative or cross relation is given between plates and bottles therefore it is definitely false)

∴ Here, Only conclusions I and II follow.​

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusions I and II follow".

Additional Information

Conditions of either or case

1. The elements should be same in both conclusions.
2. Both conclusions should be possible but not definitely true.
3. One of the conclusions should be negative and one of the conclusions should be positive i.e complimentary pair.
4. Complimentary pairs :

• ​some + no and all + some not
• Some + Some not and All + no are not Complimentary pair.

Given :

Given statement : W @ Q % T & Y @ M % K

So,

• W @ Q → W is the son of Q.

• Q % T → Q is the mother of T.

• T & Y → T is the father of Y.

• Y @ M → Y is the son of M.

​

• M % K → M is the mother of K.

​

Thus, according to the final family tree, W is the paternal uncle i.e father's brother of K.

Hence, "Father’s brother" is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1) For '

' element : Shifting in the clockwise direction.

 

2) For '

' element : Shifting in the clockwise direction.

 

3) For '

' element : Shifting in the clockwise direction.

 

4) For '

' element : Shifting in the clockwise direction.

​​

Final series is :

 

Hence, ‘option - (4)’ is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given combination when mirror is placed at MN is as shown below:

 

Detailed Explanation:

• The line MN is the mirror
• The letter-digit cluster "ef593zpk" the first letter is "e". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 1 is eliminated.

• The letter-digit cluster "ef593zpk" the fourth digit is "9". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 2 is eliminated..

• The letter-digit cluster "ef593zpk" the second letter is "f". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 4 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (3)".

Given:

• The image must not to be rotated

 

  

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (1)".

Logic : Letters are written in the reverse order within the word.

​​So,

• WITNESS : SSENTIW

​​

​

And,

• SILENCE : ECNELIS

​

​Similarly,

• PROTECT :

​

Hence, "TCETORP" is the correct answer.

Logic : Letters are repositioned within the word.

1. First letter →  Shifted to the fourth position within the word.
2. Second letter → Shifted to the third position within the word.
3. Third letter → Shifted to the fifth position within the word.
4. Fourth letter → Shifted to the first position within the word.
5. Fifth letter → Shifted to the second position within the word.

​​So,

• 'HABIT’ is written as 'ITAHB'

​ 

​And,

• 'BASED' is written as 'EDABS'

​ 

​Similarly,

• 'GAMES' is written as :

​ 

Hence, "ESAGM" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is : (2^nd number - 1^st number) = (3^rd number - 2^nd number)

So,

• Option - (1) : (16 – 20 – 24)

​20 - 16 = 24 - 20

4 = 4 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (2) : (23 – 27 –31)

​27 - 23 = 31 - 27

4 = 4 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (3) : (11 – 15 – 19)

​15 - 11 = 19 - 15

4 = 4 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (4) : (12 – 14 – 18)

​14 - 12 = 18 - 14

2 ≠ 4 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:-

From the given three different cubes, figure 2 and figure 3, the adjacent sides are as shown below :

As 2 is common in both figure 2 and figure 3, it is clear that 1, 3, 4, and 6 are adjacent to it, and the remaining number i.e., 5 will be opposite to it.

Opposite pairs:

1 → 3

4 → 6

2 → 5

So, the opposite side of "2" will be side "5".

Hence, the correct answer is "5".

The logic followed here is : (10) is subtracted subsequently.

 

Hence, "5" is the correct answer.

Mistake Points The question is asking for find the Dissimilar number from the given set in the question.

So, find the Dissimilar set.

The logic followed here is : (1^st number + 2^nd number) = 3^rd number

168 + 122 = 290

So,

• Option - (1) : (198, 112, 310)

​198 + 112 = 310

310 = 310 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (2) : (226, 148, 374)

​226 + 148 = 374

374 = 374 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (3) : (236, 118, 356)

​236 + 118 = 354

354 ≠ 356 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : (126, 132, 258)

​126 + 132 = 258

258 = 258 (LHS = RHS)

Hence, "Option - (3)" is the correct answer.

Given statement : 72 ÷ 6 − 20 + 30 × 5 = 70

According to the question, after interchanging the given signs and numbers :

So,

• Option - (1) : 5 and 20, − and ×

Given statement : 72 ÷ 6 − 20 + 30 × 5 = 70

after interchanging the given signs and numbers :

72 ÷ 6 × 5 + 30 - 20 = 70

12 × 5 + 30 - 20 = 70

60 + 30 - 20 = 70

90 - 20 = 70

70 = 70 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (2) : 20 and 30, × and ÷

 

Given statement : 72 ÷ 6 − 20 + 30 × 5 = 70

after interchanging the given signs and numbers :

72 × 6 − 30 + 20 ÷ 5 = 70

72 × 6 − 30 + 4 = 70

432 + 4 - 30 = 70

436 - 30 = 70

406 ≠ 70 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : 5 and 70, + and −

 

Given statement : 72 ÷ 6 − 20 + 30 × 5 = 70

after interchanging the given signs and numbers :

72 ÷ 6 + 20 - 30 × 70 = 5

12 + 20 - 30 × 70 = 5

12 + 20 - 2100 = 5

32 - 2100 = 5

• 2068 ≠ 5 (LHS ≠ RHS)
• Option - (4) : 6 and 20, + and ÷

 

Given statement : 72 ÷ 6 − 20 + 30 × 5 = 70

after interchanging the given signs and numbers :

72 + 20 − 6 ÷ 30 × 5 = 70

72 + 20 − 0.2 × 5 = 70

72 + 20 - 1 = 70

92 - 1 = 70

91 ≠ 70 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (1)" is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1) For '

' element : Rotating in the clockwise direction.

 

2) For '2' element : Shifting in the clockwise direction along with the addition of (2) subsequently. 

​

3) For '4' element : Shifting in the clockwise direction along with the addition of (2) subsequently. 

​

​​

Final series is :

 

Hence, ‘option - (4)’ is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is : Animal : Sound

• Sound of lion is called roar.

So,

• Option - (1) : Hen : Crow

⇒ Sound of hen is called clucking and sound of crow is called caw.

• Option - (2) : Owl : Bleat

⇒ Sound of owl is called hoot and sound of sheep or goat is called bleat.

• Option - (3) : Horse : Neigh

⇒ Sound of horse is called neigh.

• Option - (4) : Goat : Hoot

⇒ Sound of goat is called bleat and sound of owl is called hoot.

Thus, out of all options only option - (3) follows the same logic as given.

Hence, "Option - (3)" is the correct answer.

Given statement : [{(14 @ 6) @ (2 @ 3)} @ (1 @ 7)] @ 2 @ 4

According to the question, after replacing the '@' signs:

So,

• Option - (1) : ×, ÷, ×, ×, −, +, =

[{(14 × 6) ÷ (2 × 3)} × (1 − 7)] + 2 = 4 

[{84 ÷ 6} × (-6)] + 2 = 4

[14 × (-6)] + 2 = 4

-84 + 2 = 4

-82 ≠ 4 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : −, +, ×, ×, ×, ×, =

[{(14 − 6) + (2 × 3)} × (1 × 7)] × 2 = 4

[{8 + 6} × 7] × 2 = 4

[14 × 7] × 2 = 4

98 × 2 = 4

196 ≠ 4 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : ×, −, +, ×, ÷, ×, =

[{(14 × 6) − (2 + 3)} × (1 ÷ 7)] × 2 = 4

[{84 - 5} × 0.14] × 2 = 4

[79 × 0.14] × 2 = 4

11.28 × 2 = 4

22.57 ≠ 4 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : −, +, ×, ÷, ×, ×, =

[{(14 − 6) + (2 × 3)} ÷ (1 × 7)] × 2 = 4

[{8 + 6} ÷ 7] × 2 = 4

[14 ÷ 7] × 2 = 4

2 × 2 = 4

4 = 4 (LHS = RHS)

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

Logic : (2) is added to the position value according to the English alphabetic series diagonally.

​So,

• 'ABACK’ is written as 'MECDC'

\ 

​And,

• 'CABAL' and 'NCDCE'

 

​Similarly,

• 'EAGER' is written as :

​

Hence, "TGICG" is the correct answer.

According to the sequence in the dictionary:

4. Overlain
5. Overland
6. Overload
7. Overlook
8. Overplay

Hence, the correct option is "Overplay".

The logic followed here is : (1^st number × 3^rd number) + 3^rd number = 2^nd number

Given :

• (8, 540, 60)

​8 × 60 + 60 = 540

480 + 60 = 540

540 = 540 (LHS = RHS)

• (9, 70, 7)​

​9 × 7 + 7 = 70

63 + 7 = 70

70 = 70 (LHS = RHS)

So,

• Option - (1) : (12, 56, 60)​

12 × 60 + 60 = 56

720 + 60 = 56

780 ≠ 56 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : (8, 63, 7)

8 × 7 + 7 = 63

56 + 7 = 63

63 = 63 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (3) : (9, 54, 12)

9 × 12 + 12 = 54

108 + 12 = 54

120 ≠ 54 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : (9, 45, 7)​

9 × 7 + 7 = 45

63 + 7 = 45

70 ≠ 45 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option - (2)" is the correct answer.

Given statement : 34 ÷ 16 + 4 × 8 − 6 = 60

According to the question, after interchanging the signs:

So,

• Option - (1) : − and ×

34 ÷ 16 + 4 - 8 × 6 = 60

2.125 + 4 - 8 × 6 = 60

2.125 + 4 - 48 = 60

6.125 - 48 = 60 

-41.875 ≠ 60 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : + and ×

Given statement : 34 ÷ 16 + 4 * 8 − 6 = 60

After interchanging:

34 ÷ 16 × 4 + 8 − 6 = 60

2.125 × 4 + 8 − 6 = 60

8.5 + 8 - 6 = 60

16.5 - 6 = 60

10.5 ≠ 60 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3) : ÷ and −

 

Given statement : 34 ÷ 16 + 4 * 8 − 6 = 60

After interchanging:

34 - 16 + 4 × 8 ÷ 6 = 60

34 - 16 + 4 × 1.33 = 60

34 + 5.32 - 16 = 60

39.32 - 16 = 60

23.32 ≠ 60 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) : ÷ and +

 

Given statement : 34 ÷ 16 + 4 * 8 − 6 = 60

After interchanging:

34 + 16 ÷ 4 × 8 − 6 = 60

34 + 4 × 8 − 6 = 60

34 + 32 - 6 = 60

66 - 6 = 60

60 = 60 (LHS = RHS)

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

Given :

So,

• Option - (1) : P ÷ Q × R → P is the brother of Q who is the father of R.

Here, P is the paternal uncle of R.

• Option - (2) : P ÷ Q – R → P is the brother of Q who is the mother of R.

Here, P is the maternal uncle of R.

• Option - (3) : Q ÷ P × R → Q is the brother of P who is the father of R.

Here, P is the father of R.

• Option - (4) : P × Q ÷ R → P is the father of Q who is the brother of R.

​​

Here, P is the father of R.

Thus, out of all the options only option - (1) shows that P is the paternal uncle of R.

Hence, "Option - (1)" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :-

1. First letter → (1) is subtracted from the position value according to English alphabetic series.
2. Second and third letter → (2) is subtracted from the position value according to English alphabetic series.
3. Fourth letter → (4) is subtracted from the position value according to English alphabetic series.

​So,

​

Hence, the correct answer is "TOJQ".

The logic followed here is :  (1^st number + 6)² = 2^nd number

So,

• 14 : 400

​$(14 + 6)^2$ = 400

$(20)^2$ = 400

400 = 400 (LHS = RHS)

​And,

• 42 : 2304

​$(42 + 6)^2$ = 2304

$(48)^2$ = 2304

2304 = 2304 (LHS = RHS)

​Similarly,

• 37 : ?

​$(37 + 6)^2$ = ?

$(43)^2$ = ?

1849 = ?

​Hence, "1849" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Pankaj Advani

Key Points:

• Pankaj Advani is related to Billiards and Snooker.
• He won the world championship 23 times and also the winner of the IBSF world snooker championship 15 times.
• He was born on 24^th July 1986 at Pune, Maharashtra.
• He is known as " Prince Boy of India " and "The Golden boy".
• He was awarded as Padma Bhushan in 2018 and Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna in 2005 and 2006.
• Padma Shri in 2009 and Arjuna award in 2004.
• He is champion in Billiards and Snooker.
• He is the first Indian to the won world championship in the 6-red snooker.

Additional InformationNeeraj Chopra

• Neeraj Chopra is originally from Khandra village in Panipat, Haryana.
• He was born on 24 December 1997. His father Satish Kumar is a farmer.
• Neeraj Chopra is an Indian Track and field athlete and a Junior Commissioned Officer in Indian Army.
• The distance reached by the javelin in the gold medal-winning throw by Neeraj Chopra at the Olympic games held in Tokyo in 2021 lay between 87.5 m and 88.0 m.
• Tokyo Olympics: India's Neeraj Chopra won the gold medal in the men's javelin throw event with a throw of 87.58m in his second attempt.
• Neeraj is the first Indian in over 120 years, and the first athlete from independent India, to win an Olympic medal in a track-and-field discipline.
• Chopra also became the sixth Indian athlete to win an individual medal at Tokyo 2020 joining weightlifter Mirabai Chanu, shuttler PV Sindhu, boxer Lovlina Borgohain, and wrestlers Ravi Kumar Dahiya and Bajrang Punia.

Sankalp Gupta:

• Sankalp Gupta has become India's 71^st Grandmaster by scoring 6.5 points and finishing second in the GM Ask 3 round-robin event in Arandjelovac, Serbia.
• Gupta secured the three required GM norms in just 24 days by playing three tournaments on the trot.
• In all the three events, his rating performances were at 2599 and above.

Manish Narwal:

• Manish Narwal (born 17 October 2001) is an Indian Para Pistol Shooter.
• He ranks fourth in the world in Men's 10m Air Pistol SH1 according to the World Shooting Para Sports Rankings.
• Manish is also supported by GoSports Foundation through the Para Champions Programme.
• Shooting has inspired competition, and in several countries, rifle clubs started to form in the 19^th century.

Correct Answer Cumene

Key Points

• One alkylbenzene widely used as a chemical intermediate in the production of phenol is cumene (isopropylbenzene).
• Cumene is oxidized to cumene hydroperoxide, which is then cleaved to phenol and acetone.
• This process is known as the cumene process and is one of the most important methods for the commercial production of phenol.

Additional InformationFuran

• Furan is a heterocyclic organic compound, consisting of a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.
• Chemical compounds containing such rings are also referred to as furans.
• Chemical formula of Furan is C4H4O.
• Furan is a colorless, flammable, highly volatile liquid with a boiling point close to room temperature.

Styrene:

• Styrene is a colourless, flammable liquid, which has a sweet odour and is highly volatile.
• Styrene is widely used to make Polystyrene/Styrofoam plastics containers as well as a number of speciality plastics and synthetic rubbers.
• Besides, it is used to manufacture a variety of products, such as insulation, pipes, automobile parts, printing cartridges, food containers, and carpet backing.
• It is toxic to the nervous system if ingested or inhaled, and contact with the skin and eyes can cause irritation. 
• Chronic exposure affects the central nervous system showing symptoms such as depression, headache, fatigue, and weakness, and may cause minor effects on kidney function.
• Acute exposure may also result in gastrointestinal effects.
• It could also lead to cancer and depression in some cases.
• However, EPA notes that there is no sufficient evidence despite several epidemiology studies indicating there may be an association between styrene exposure and an increased risk of leukaemia and lymphoma.
• Recently, the tragic styrene gas leak incident in the LG Polymers plant in Visakhapatnam has affected the health of people of that area.

Toluene:

• Toluene is also an alkylbenzene that is widely used as a chemical intermediate in the production of phenol.
• Toluene is oxidized to benzyl alcohol, which is further oxidized to benzaldehyde.
• Benzaldehyde is then converted to benzoic acid, which is used to produce phenol via the cumene process or other methods.
• So toluene can also be used as a starting material in the production of phenol.

The correct answer is Article 51A.

**Key Points:**In the Constitution of India, fundamental duties are mentioned in article 51A.

• There was no list of fundamental duties in the original constitution.
• Fundamental duties were added into the Indian constitution by the 42^nd constitutional amendment act 1976.
• the 42^nd constitutional amendment added part IV A and Article 51A to the Indian constitution.
• Fundamental duties were added into the Indian constitution on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee.
• Initially, there were only 10 fundamental duties in the constitution.
• The 86^th constitutional amendment act 2002 added one more fundamental duty to the constitution.
• Currently, there are 11 fundamental duties in the Indian constitution.
• The idea of fundamental duties were borrowed from the Russian constitution.
• Fundamental duties are non-justiciable in nature.

The 11 Fundamental Duties listed are:

1. Respect the National Flag, National Anthem, and the Indian Constitution's principles and institutions.
2. Uphold and uphold the lofty principles that motivated the nation's fight for freedom.
3. Uphold and defend India's sovereignty, unification, and integrity.
4. Defend the nation and perform national service as required.
5. Promote harmony and a feeling of shared brotherhood among all Indians, notwithstanding differences in religion, language, location, or section, and condemn behaviours that are demeaning to women's dignity.
6. Appreciate and safeguard the rich cultural history of the nation as a whole.
7. Maintaining a healthy ecosystem, including woods, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, as well as showing compassion for all living things.
8. Foster a humanistic outlook, a scientific mindset, and a spirit of reformation
9. Protect public property and abstain from violence
10. Strive for excellence in all areas of personal and group endeavour so that the country continually reaches greater heights of endeavour and success.
11. Give his kid or ward between the ages of six and fourteen the opportunity to pursue an education. The 86^th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002 added this duty.

The correct answer is Durga Puja.

Key Points:

• "Durga Puja in Kolkata" is now inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
• India now has 15 intangible cultural heritage elements on the prestigious UNESCO Representative List of ICH of Humanity.
• In recent years, the ICH elements that saw inscriptions are Kumbh Mela (inscribed 2017), and Yoga (inscribed 2016) among others.

Additional InformationJanmashtami:

• Janmashtami is celebrated by suspending a pot containing butter, curd, etc. high above the ground with people trying to break it by forming human pyramids.
• Krishna Janmashtami is celebrated on Bhadrapad Krishna Ashtami.
• It is the birth date of Lord Krishna.
• On this day, tableaux related to Shri Krishna's life are decorated in temples.
• After fasting for the whole day, after the birth of Shri Krishna at midnight, aarti and special pooja of Shri Krishna are performed and food is served.

Recent Additions to India's UNESCO World Heritage Sites:

• Hoysala Temples of Karnataka: UNESCO updated India's World Heritage Sites in September 2023, adding the 12^th-century Hoysala Temples of Karnataka to the prestigious list.
• Santiniketan in West Bengal: It has also gained recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in September 2023.
• Dholavira, an ancient Harappan City: On July 27, 2021, Dholavira, an ancient Harappan City in the Rann of Kutchh, was designated as India's 40^th UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Rudreswara Temple (Ramappa Temple): The Rudreswara Temple (Ramappa Temple) at Palampet, Warangal, Telangana, earned its place on the List of World Heritage Sites on July 25, 2021.

The correct answer is Both I and II

Key Points:

Sher Shah Suri:

• Sher Shah Suri was the 6^th ruler of the Suri Empire.
• He was a Pathan from Bihar who defeated the Mughal emperor Humayun in (1530-1540) and also in (1555-1556) and founded the Suri Empire in Northern India.​
• He ruled from 1540-1545.
• The tomb of Sher Shah Suri is in Sasaram town, state of Bihar.
• The "Battle of Chausa" was fought between the Mughal emperor, Humayun, and the Afghan emperor Sher Shah Suri.
• It was fought on 26 June 1539 at Chausa, located in the southwest of Buxar, now in Bihar.
• In this battle, Sher Shah defeated Humayun and crowned himself Farid al-Din Sher Shah.
• The Mughal emperor Humayan again faced Sher Shah in the Battle of Kanauj and was again defeated by him.

Akbar (1542- 1605)

• He reigned from 1556 to 1605.
• He constructed Fatehpur Sikri and made it his capital in 1569.
• Buland Darwaza was constructed at the gate.
• He started a new religion Din-i Ilahi in 1581-82.
• Abul Fazl wrote his biography titled Akbarnama.
• Nine of his courtiers were known as Navratnas.
• They were Todar Mal, Abul Fazal, Faizi, Birbal, Tansen, Abdur Rahim Khana-i-Khana, Mullah-do-Pyaza, Raja Man Singh, and Fakir Aziao-Din.
• He married a Hindu princess, Harka Bai, commonly known as Jodha Bai.
• Akbar captured the historic fortress of Chittor in 1568.
• He abolished the pilgrimage tax by Hindus in 1563.
• He also abolished the Jizyah tax in 1564.
• He also introduced the Mansabdari System or the rank-holder system to organize the nobility and army.

The correct answer is Manoj Soni.

Key Points:

• Dr Manoj Soni has been appointed as the Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).
• He is currently a member of the UPSC.
• He served as the country's youngest Vice-Chancellor in 2005, of MS University.
• He also served as the Vice-Chancellor of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University in Ahmedabad between August 2009 to July 2015.

Additional InformationSuman K Bery:

• NITI Aayog’s Vice Chairman Rajiv Kumar has stepped down after being at the helm of the institution for nearly five years.
• Dr. Suman K Bery has been appointed new Vice Chairperson of NITI Aayog.
• He will take charge as Vice Chairperson of NITI Aayog from 1 May 2022.
• Suman K Bery had earlier served as Director-General of the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) in New Delhi.
• NCAER is one of the country’s leading independent non-profit policy research institutions.

Ashwin Yardi:

• ​Ashwin is the CEO of Capgemini Technology Services India and a member of the executive committee for the Capgemini Group.

The correct answer is 15.

Key Points

• 15 agro-climatic zones (ACZ) are characterized by the Planning Commission of India.
• As per NARP, the country is divided into 127 agro-climatic zones.
• An Agro-climatic zone is a land unit in form of major climates that are suitable for a certain range of crops and cultivators.
• National Agricultural Research Project (NARP) was launched by ICAR for initiating agricultural research in the agro-climatic zones of the country.
• The purpose was to set up and upgrade a zonal research station in each agro-climatic zone for creating location-specific, need-based research targeted for specific agro-ecological situations.
• The agro-climatic zone division helps to achieve optimum utilization in a suitable manner within the framework of resource constraints and potentials of each region.

Additional Information:

• Planning Commission of India:
• The Planning Commission formulated India's Five-Year Plans.
• It was formed in March 1950.
• It was replaced by NITI Aayog in the year 2015.
• NITI Aayog:
• ​NITI Aayog or National Institution for Transforming India Aayog is the replacement for the Planning Commission of India.

The correct answer is P.C. Mahalanobis.

Key Points:

The National Income Committee, 1949

• After independence in August 1949, the government of India established the National Income Committee to compute the national income of the economy.
• Prof. P.C. Mahalanobis was the chairperson of the National Income Committee.
• Prof. D.R. Gadgil and Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao were also one of the members of this committee.
• The first report of the committee was presented in the year 1951.
• According to the first report, the national income of India for the year 1948-49 was Rs. 8,710 crores and the per capita income was Rs. 225.

Thus, the first official attempt to calculate the national Income of India in 1949 was made by National Income Committee that was headed by Prof. P.C. Mahalanobis.

**Additional Information:**The Central Statistical Organisation (CSO)

• Since the year 1955, the national income estimates for India are being prepared by Central Statistical Organisation.
• The CSO uses different methods, i.e., product method, income method, and expenditure method to estimate the national income for different sectors of the economy.

Correct Answer 47.78

Key Points

• The mass number of titanium is 48.
• It has an atomic number of 22, which means it has 22 protons in its nucleus.
• Its most common isotope has 26 neutrons, giving it a mass number of 48 (22 protons + 26 neutrons).
• However, there are also other isotopes of titanium with different numbers of neutrons, which give rise to different mass numbers.

Additional Information:

• Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22.
• It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength.
• It is known for its excellent corrosion resistance, making it a popular choice in a variety of industries including aerospace, medical implants, and automotive.
• Titanium was discovered in 1791 by William Gregor and was named after the Titans of Greek mythology.
• It is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and is commonly found in minerals such as ilmenite and rutile.
• It is also found in the sun and many other stars, as well as in meteorites and rocks from the moon.
• Due to its desirable properties, titanium has a wide range of applications, including aircraft and spacecraft parts, medical implants, marine equipment, and sporting goods.
• It is also used in the production of white pigments, which are used in paints, plastics, and paper.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points:

• Maharashtra Cabinet has approved the 'Maharashtra Gene Bank', a first-of-its-kind project in India.
• The Maharashtra Gene Bank is unique because it authenticates traditional knowledge by scientific institutions such as the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, and the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa.

**Additional Information:**Maharashtra:

• Chief Minister - Eknath Shinde
• Governor - Ramesh Bais
• Number of Districts - 36.
• Lok Sabha seats - 48.
• Rajya Sabha seats - 19.
• State Animal - Indian giant squirrel.
• State Bird - Yellow-footed green pigeon.
• National Parks - Chandoli National Park, Gugamal National Park, Nawegaon National Park, Pench National Park, Sanjay Gandhi (Borivilli) National Park, Tadoba National Park.
• Dams - Koyna Dam (Koyna River), Jayakwadi Dam (Godavari River), Wilson Dam (Pravara River), Vaitarna Dam (Vaitarna River), Mula Dam (Mula River).

The correct answer is 1862.

Key Points:

• AEB de Chancourtois organized the elements by atomic weight and graphed them around a cylinder with a circumference of 16 units in the year 1862.

Alexandre-Émile-Béguyer de Chancourtois

• The French geologist Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois was the first person to organize chemical elements by atomic weights.
• In 1862, he prepared an early form of the periodic table, which he named Vis telluric (the 'telluric helix').
• He plotted a graph of the elements around a cylinder with a circumference of 16 units corresponding to the weight of oxygen (O).

**Additional Information:**John Newlands

• ​John Newland, an English scientist, classified the elements known at that time in ascending order of their atomic mass.
• At the time of Newland, the number of known elements was 56.
• He started the classification with the element hydrogen with the lowest atomic mass and ended the classification with thorium.
• He found that every eighth element has the same properties as the first element.
• He compared this classification to the octave of music and named it "The Law of Octaves".
• Newland's classification is known as "Newlands' Law of Octaves".

Dmitri Mendeleev

• ​Demitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (8 February 1834 – 2 February 1907), was a Russian chemist and inventor.
• He proposed the periodic classification of elements.
• Mendeleev's classification of elements is called "Mendeleev's Periodic Table".
• Using this table, he also found out the properties of those elements which he could not discover till time.

Johann Dobereiner

• In 1817, Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner, a German scientist, identified some groups of three elements with similar properties.
• The triad of groups of three elements is known as Dobereiner's triad.
• Wolfgang Dobereiner stated that the atomic mass of the middle element is approximately equal to the average of the atomic mass of the other two elements by placing the three elements of the triad in increasing order of their atomic mass.

Correct Answer Chakkar

Key Points

• Lok Sabha Secretariat released a list of “unparliamentary words” on July 13, 2022.
• Some of the unparliamentary words include ‘Jumlajeevi, Covid spreader, Snoopgate, Baal buddhi”.
• It also includes expressions like “ashamed, betrayed, hypocrisy. Abuse, drama, and incompetent.
• The booklet was released before Monsoon Session of parliament.
• It mentions words including Shakuni, dictatorial, taanashah, vinash purush, khoon ki kheti, Jaichand would be removed if they are used during debates or otherwise.
• Words like Dohra Charitra, nautanki, behri Sarkar, dhindora peetna,Girgit​ will also be treated in similar manner.
• However, chairman of Rajya Sabha and Speaker of Lok Sabha will have the last word in removing words and expressions.

Additional Information

• Unparliamentary words are the abusive or rude words or expressions which are considered unsuitable for use in Parliament.
• Unparliamentary words are regulated in accordance with Article 105 (2) of the Indian constitution.
• Under article 105 (2), speech of an MP in parliament is subject to discipline of Parliamentary rules and good sense of the members.
• Speaker or chairman of the house is empowered to keep check on it, so as to ensure that MPs does not use “defamatory or undignified unparliamentary words” inside the Parliament.
• Rule 380 and Rule 381 of “Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha” deal with “Expunction (removal of unparliamentary words).

The correct answer is Triangular.

Key Points:

• The shape of the Indian Peninsular Plateau is Triangular.
• Earlier, there was a supercontinent called Pangea.
• Panthalassa was the ancient Ocean surrounding it.
• Pangea broke into two namely Gondwana land and Laurasia.
• In between, there was a Sea called the Tethys Sea.
• The northern boundary of the Peninsular Block may be taken as an irregular line running from Kachchh along the western flank of the Aravali Range near Delhi and then roughly parallel to the Yamuna and the Ganga as far as the Rajmahal Hills and the Ganga delta.
• Apart from these, the Karbi Anglong and the Meghalaya Plateau in the northeast and Rajasthan in the west are also extensions of this block.
• The northeastern parts are separated by the Malda fault in West Bengal from the Chotanagpur plateau.
• In Rajasthan, the desert and other desert–like features overlay this block.
• The Peninsula is formed essentially by a great complex of very ancient gneisses and granites, which constitutes a major part of it.

The correct answer is Ahmedabad

Key Points:

• The Indian Premier League (IPL) 2022 ended with Gujarat Titans (GT) lifting the trophy by defeating inaugural champions Rajasthan Royals (RR) at the Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad.
• The Indian Premier League (IPL) 2022, was the 15^th edition of the professional Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
• IPL 2022 Sponsorer was TATA.

Additional Information

• IPL 2022 Champion Title won by Gujarat Titans.
• The Orange Cap title winner is Jos Butler (Rajasthan Royals) with Total runs: 863 runs.
• The Purple Cap title winner is Yuzvendra Chahal (Rajasthan Royals) with total 27 Wickets.
• BCCI president Sourav Ganguly and General Secretary Jay Shah then receive a certificate as IPL created a Guinness world record for the world’s largest cricket jersey.

The correct answer is 1944.

• Subhash Chandra Bose was the first person to address 'Mahatma Gandhi as the Father of the Nation'.

Key Points:

• On July 6, 1944, Subhash Chandra Bose said in a telecast of Azad Hind Radio to Mahatma Gandhi that “the last war of independence of India has begun.
• We want blessings of you in this holy war of liberation of the Father of the Nation.” And wish you all the best.
• Thus, for the first time, the word 'Father of the Nation' was used by Subhash Chandra Bose.

Subhash Chandra Bose

• He founded the Independence for India League with Jawaharlal Nehru.
• He was the first person to address Mahatma Gandhi as the 'Father of the Nation'.
• He was elected as the President of INC at its Haripura Session (1938) and Tripuri Session (1939) but resigned from Tripuri due to differences with Mahatma Gandhi.
• He took the charge of Indian Army (Azad Hind Fauj) in 1943 in Singapore and set up an Indian Provisional government there.
• Subhash Chandra Bose was the one who addressed Mahatma Gandhi as the Father of the Nation.
• He gave the famous slogans- Dilli Chalo and Jai Hind.
• The India Struggle was his autobiography.

Additional Information 

• Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel was given the title of Sardar by the women of Bardoli during the Bardoli Satyagarh.
• Jawaharlal Nehru was called also called Pandit Nehru due to his roots with the Kashmiri Pandit community.
• Lala Lajpat Rai was given the title of 'Punjab Kesari'.

The correct answer is 1960s. 

Key Points:

• The Green Revolution was started in the period 1960s.
• It commenced in India in the year 1960s under the premiership of Congress leader Lal Bahadur Shastri.
• It is also known as the Third Agricultural Revolution.
• Norman Borlaug is known as the Father of the Green Revolution in the World and he received Nobel Peace Prize in the year 1970.
• The birthplace and burial ground of the Green Revolution is Mexico because Norman Borlaug was a native of Mexico.
• In India, Dr. M.S Swaminathan is known as the Father of the Green Revolution.
• William S. Gaud was the first person to use the word Green Revolution and he was an administrator of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
• Green Revolution is related to the increase in the production of Foodgrains, especially rice and wheat.
• It leads to an increase in the production of food grains in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, and Punjab.

Additional Information:

The following are the important revolutions in India:

Image of M. S. Swaminathan:

The correct answer is Mahapurusha Sankaradeva

Key Points:

• The great Assamese reformer and Vaishnava saint Mahapurusha Sankaradeva established the Sattriya dancing style in the 15^th century A.D. as a potent means of spreading the Vaishnava religion.
• Later, the dancing style developed and broadened as a distinct dance genre.
• The Sattras, which are Vaishnava mathematics or monasteries, have dedicatedly nourished and protected this neo-Vaishnava treasure of Assamese dance and drama for generations.
• This dance form has been appropriately dubbed Sattriya due to its religious nature and connection to the Sattras.

Important Points:

• Sankaradeva invented this dance style by fusing components from many treatises, regional folk dances, and his singular perspective.
• Ojapali and Devadasi, two dance styles with numerous classical elements, were popular in Assam before the neo-Vaishnava movement.
• The branch of Hinduism known as Vaishnavism regards Lord Vishnu or one of his incarnations as the only true God. Vaishnavites and Vaishnavas are terms for followers of Vaishnavism.

Additional Information: Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was a native of Bengal.

• Chaitanya was a 15^th-century Indian saint.
• He was born in Nabadwip in the Nadia district of West Bengal.
• His entire family lived in present-day Sylhet, Bangladesh.
• He has popularized the 'Maha Mantra' or 'Hare Krishna Mantra'.
• He also composed a prayer of eight verses known as 'Siksastakam' in Sanskrit.
• He founded the Gaudiya Movement or Chaitanya Movement that promotes Vaishnavism.

​Vallabhacharya (1479–1531 CE):

• ​Vallabhacharya (1479–1531 CE), also known as Vallabha, was an Indian philosopher who founded the Krishna-centered PushtiMarg sect of Vaishnavism in the Braj region of India, and the philosophy of Shuddha Advaita. Hence the correct answer is Suddhadvaita.
• Vallabha was born in a Telugu Tailang Brahmin family that had been living in Varanasi, who escaped to Champaran of Chhattisgarh state while expecting Vallabha, expecting a Muslim invasion, which ultimately didn't happen, during the late 15^th century.
• Vallabhacharya represented the culmination of philosophical thought during the Bhakti Movement in the Middle Ages.
• The sect established by him is unique in its facets of devotion to Krishna, especially his child manifestation, and is enriched with the use of traditions, music and festivals.
• Vallabha studied the Vedas and the Upanishads as a child, then travelled throughout the Indian subcontinent for over 20 years.
• He became one of the important leaders of the devotional Bhakti movement.
• Vallabhacharya was a devotional philosopher, who founded the Pushti sect in India. He won the title of acharya by travelling and debating Advaita scholars from a young age.

Sant Namdev:

• Shri Sant Namdev Maharaj also transliterated as Nam Dayv, Namdeo, or Namadeva,was a Marathi Vaishnav saint from Narsi, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India within the Varkari tradition of Hinduism.
• He was born into what is generally recognised as a Shudra caste, variously recorded as shimpi (tailor) in the Marathi language and as Chhipa, Chhimpa, Chhimba, chimpi (calico-printer) in northern India.
• Namdev was influenced by Vaishnavism and became widely known in India for his devotional songs set to music (bhajan-kirtans).
• His philosophy contains both nirguna brahman and saguna brahman elements, with monistic themes.
• Namdev's legacy is remembered in modern times in the Varkari tradition, along with those of other gurus, with masses of people walking together in biannual pilgrimages to Pandharpur in Maharashtra.
• He is also recognised in the North Indian traditions of the Dadu Panthis, Kabir Panthis and Sikhs.
• Some hymns of Shri Sant Namdev are included in the Guru Granth Sahib.

Thus, Sant Namdev was a tailor by profession.

Correct Answer Bharatanatyam

The famous dancer T Balasaraswati was an exponent of Bharatanatyam.

Key Points

• Bharatanatyam a classical dance style that originated in Tamil Nadu's South Indian state, making this dance style well known in various parts of India and many parts of the world.
• In 1957 she was awarded the Padma Bhushan and in 1977 the Padma Vibhushan.
• She received the Sangeetha Kalasikhamani Award from The Indian Fine Arts Society, Chennai, in 1981.
• She was the only non-western dancer included in a Dance Heritage Coalition compilation, "The Irreplaceable Treasures of Dance in America: The First 100" (2000).
• Satyajit Ray, Bengali film director, made a documentary film on Balasaraswati called Bala (1976).

Additional InformationClassical dance

• Classical dances are performed by professional or highly trained dancers who have studied their form for many years.
• There are eight classical Dances in India.
• Classical dance expresses a story or theme and this form of art lies in the religious Hindu music theatre styles. It represents the culture.
• They are
• Kathak from North India,
• Sattriya of Assam,
• Bharatnatyam of Tamil Nadu,
• Kuchipudi of Andhra Pradesh,
• Kathakali and Mohiniaattam of Kerala,
• Manipuri of Northeast India, and
• Odissi of Odisha.
• It is the right way to connect with your feelings, coordinate and move the movement skills and build strength and stability in your body.

The correct answer is The Prime Minister and Council of Ministers

Key Points:

• The Parliamentary System of government in India is taken from the British(UK)​constitution.

The parliamentary system of government(PSA): 

• PSA means that the executive government branch of which has the indirect or any direct support of the parliament.
• This direct or indirect support is generally shown by a vote of confidence.
• The relationship between the legislature and the executive branch in any parliamentary system is called responsible government.

Council of Ministers: 

• Under PSA, we may see the Council of Ministers which is headed by the honorable Prime Minister to provide advice to the President to maintain his necessary work accordingly.
• The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who also appoints the governor of states, and other ministers after taking advice from the Prime Minister.
• The Council of Ministers is also responsible to the Lok Sabha.
• Article 74 of the Constitution of India provides for a Council of Ministers.

Additional InformationParliamentary System

• The Constitution of India provides for a parliamentary form of government, both at the Centre and in the states.
• Articles 74 and 75 deal with the parliamentary system at the Centre and Articles 163 and 164 in the states.
• The features or principles of parliamentary government in India are:
• Nominal and Real Executives- The President is the nominal executive (de jure executive or titular executive) while the Prime Minister is the real executive (de facto executive).
• Majority Party Rule- The political party which secures majority seats in the Lok Sabha forms the government.
• Collective Responsibility- This is the bedrock principle of parliamentary government. The ministers are collectively responsible to the Parliament in general and to the Lok Sabha in particular (Collective Responsibility Article 75).
• Double Membership- The ministers are members of both the legislature and the executive.
• Dissolution of the Lower House- The lower house of the Parliament (Lok Sabha) can be dissolved by the President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.

Correct Answer Ustad Vilayat Khan – Sarod

Key Points:

• Ustad Vilayat Khan was a prominent Sitar player.
• He was born on 28 August 1928 in Gouripur in East Bengal, now Bangladesh.
• He invented a new technique of playing Sitar with the left hand which lasts for longer consistency.
• He also invented many Ragas enriching Indian Music.
• Mogubai Kurdikar (15 July 1904 – 10 February 2001) was a renowned Indian classical vocalist of the Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana

Additional InformationImportant Instruments and Related Personalities:

The correct answer is India.

Key Points:

• Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, discovered the sea route to India in 1498.

Vasco Da Gama:

• Vasco Da Gama came to India (Calicut) during the reign of the Hindu ruler of Calicut Zamorin in 1498 AD.
• The Cape route was discovered from Europe to India by Vasco da Gama.
• The discovery of the sea route led to the establishment of trading stations at Calicut, Cochin, and Cannanore.
• Cochin (1502 AD) was the early capital of the Portuguese in India( later on replaced by Goa).
• The first Governor of Portuguese in India was Francisco Almeida (1509 AD).
• He introduced "The Policy of Blue Water".

Additional Information

The correct answer is Pacific Ocean.

Key Points:

EL- NINO:

• El Nino (Spanish for Christ Child) is the occasional development of warm ocean surface waters along the coast of Ecuador and Peru in South America.
• Even though El Nino occurs in the Pacific Ocean, it often reduces the number of hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean. Conversely, La Niña events tend to be related to an increase in the number of Atlantic hurricanes.
• Recently this development has been used for forecasting climatic conditions in different parts of the world.
• The El Nino normally occurs around Christmas, roughly every 2 to 7 years, and lasts usually for a few weeks to a few months.
• El Nino event is related to two important atmospheric circulation systems:  
• Hadley Circulation: It features air rising near the Equator, flowing poleward at a height of 10 to 15 kilometers above the earth’s surface, descending in the subtropics, and then returning equatorward near the surface.
• Walker Circulation: There is a stable low-pressure system above the western Pacific near South East Asia and a high-pressure system in the central Pacific.
• This results in a constant westward flow of air masses from the area of high pressure to the area of low pressure. At higher altitudes, this air then flows directly eastward, oblique to the Hadley Circulation.
• Due to the combined components of Walker Circulation and Hadley Circulation, there is a strong prevailing wind toward the west in the lower layers of the atmosphere, which maintains the stable coastal upwelling system off the coast in western South America.
• El Nino and the Indian Monsoon rains are inversely related.

​

The correct answer is Radcliffe Line.

Key Points:

• The Radcliffe Line became the international border between India and Pakistan (which also included what is now Bangladesh) during the partition of India.
• Sir Cyril Radcliffe, drew the Radcliffe line which divides India and Pakistan.
• The Radcliffe Line was declared as the boundary between India and Pakistan On 17^th August 1947, following the Partition of India.
• The line is named after Sir Cyril Radcliffe who was commissioned to equitably divide 4,50,000 km sq of territory with 88 million people.
• Sir Radcliffe arrived in India on 8^th July 1947 and was given five weeks to work on the border.
• Upon meeting with Mountbatten, Radcliffe traveled to Lahore and Kolkata to meet his Boundary Commission members, who were primarily Jawaharlal Nehru representing the Congress and Muhammad Ali Jinnah representing the Muslim League.
• Both parties were keen that the boundary be finalized by 15^th August 1947, in time for the British to leave India.
• As requested by both Nehru and Jinnah, Radcliffe completed the boundary line a few days before Independence, but due to some political reasons the Radcliffe Line was only formally revealed on 17^th August 1947.

**Additional Information:**Durand LIne:-

• Its devides Pakistan and Afganistan Borders.
• The Durand line came into existence on November 12, 1893, when the border which was used to separate the British and the Afghanistan territories came to life.

McMohan Line:- 

• The McMahon Line marks the boundary between the China-occupied territory of the East-Himalayan region and the Indian regions.
• This region is a mountainous place of high altitudes.
• This line was determined by Sir Henry McMahon, a British Foreign Secretary in British India, and it is called the McMahon Line after his name.
• The total length of this line is 890 kilometers.

Siegfried Line - The boundary line is between France and Germany.

• It was built as an extension of the Hindenburg defensive line on the western front of World War I by the Weimar Republic and later the Third Reich of Germany in the 1930s

The correct answer is Coelenterates

**Key Points:**Triploblastic animals

• Triploblastic animals create the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm, the three basic germ layers.
• True organs, different muscle types, bone, connective tissue, the circulatory system, the notochord, and other structures can be produced by the mesoderm.
• Animal endoderm that is triploblastic includes the lungs, stomach, colon, liver, urinary bladder, etc.
• Ectoderm produces the epidermis, lens of the eye, brain, spinal cord, and other tissues.
• The triploblastic creatures are bilaterally symmetrical.
• When compared to diploblastic animals, triploblastic animals are much more diversified.
• Animals like Platyhelminthes, annelids, arthropods, mollusks, echinoderms, and chordates are examples of triploblastic organisms.

Platyhelminthes:

• ​The flatworms, also known as Platyhelminthes, are a group of soft-bodied, generally basic bilaterian, unsegmented invertebrates.

Echinodermata:

• ​Any member of phylum Echinodermata is an echinoderm.
• The adult sea lilies, also known as the "stone lilies," brittle stars, starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers are distinguishable by their (often five-point) radial symmetry.

Chordata: 

• ​An animal belonging to the phylum Chordata is a chordate.
• Five synapomorphies, or basic physical traits, that set chordates apart from all the other taxa are present in all chordates at some point during their larval or adult stages.

Correct Answer Only I

Key Points

• The Saka Era was probably established by King Maeus around the second century A.D.
• The Shakas who were also known as the Indo-Scythians were a group of Iranian nomadic people who invaded India by destroying the Indo-Greeks in North-West India.
• The Shakas brought the larger part of the country under their control.
• The most famous Shaka ruler in India was Rudradaman who ruled from 130 A.D to 150 A.D.
• There were five branches of Shakas who settled and established rule in different regions of the North and North-Western parts of the Indian subcontinent.
• The Saka era came to an end with the defeat of the last Shaka ruler, Rudrasimha III by Chandragupta-II of the Gupta dynasty.

Additional Information

• In and around the 2^nd century B.C., the central Asian nomadic people called ‘Yueh-chi’ or ‘Yuezhi’ pushed the Shakas out of their homes and forced them to invade India from the northwestern border of present-day China.
• The descendants in later times came to be known as Kushana.
• The Shakas invaded Parthia and Bactria and they defeated the Parthian King.
• The five branches of the Shakas settled in the following places,

1. Afghanistan
2. Punjab with Taxila as capital
3. Mathura
4. Western India
5. Upper Deccan with Ujian as their capital.​

Rudradaman I :

• He is considered the greatest of the Saka rulers.
• He is from the Western Kshatrapa dynasty.
• He was the grandson of Chastana.
• His kingdom included Konkan, Narmada valley, Kathiawar, other parts of Gujarat, and Malwa.
• He conducted the repair work of the Sudarshana Lake at Kathiawar.
• He supported Sanskrit literature and cultural arts.
• It was during Rudradaman’s reign that Yavaneshwara, the Greek writer lived in India and translated the Yavanajataka from Greek to Sanskrit.

Given:

sin2 θ − 3 sin θ + 2 = 0

Concept used:

1. -1 ≤ sin θ ≤ 1 2. sin 90° = 1

Calculation:

sin2 θ − 3 sin θ + 2 = 0

⇒ sin2 θ − 2 sin θ - sin θ + 2 = 0

⇒ sin θ(sin θ - 2) - 1(sin θ - 2) = 0

⇒ (sin θ - 2) (sin θ - 1) = 0

So, sin θ = 1 (∵ sin θ ≠ 2)

⇒ sin θ = sin 90°

⇒ θ = 90°

∴ The value of θ is 90°.

Shortcut Trick

To find the LCM of 1.2 and 2.7, first equalize the decimal places.

Multiply both numbers by 10 to convert them into integers: 12 and 27.

Find the LCM of these integers: LCM(12, 27) = 108.

Now, divide the result by 10 to restore the decimal point: 108 ÷ 10 = 10.8.

∴ The correct answer is 10.8.

Alternate Method

Given: The numbers are 1.2 and 2.7.

Formula Used: LCM of fractions = LCM(Numerators) ÷ HCF(Denominators)

⇒ Convert decimals to simplest fractions: 1.2 = 12/10 and 2.7 = 27/10.

⇒ Here, Numerators = 12, 27 and Denominators = 10, 10.

⇒ LCM(12, 27):

⇒ 12 = 2² × 3¹

⇒ 27 = 3³

⇒ LCM = 2² × 3³ = 4 × 27 = 108.

⇒ HCF(10, 10) = 10.

⇒ LCM of decimals = 108 ÷ 10 = 10.8.

∴ The correct answer is 10.8.

Additional Information

LCM of Fractions

The Least Common Multiple is calculated as LCM of numerators divided by HCF of denominators.

HCF of Fractions

The Highest Common Factor is calculated as HCF of numerators divided by LCM of denominators.

Product Rule

For any two numbers a and b, the product of the numbers equals the product of their HCF and LCM: a × b = HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b).

Shortcut Trick

Volume of the cylinder = π × r² × h = (22 / 7) × 56 × 56 × 14

This simplifies to: 22 × 56 × 56 × 2

We can instantly find the answer by checking the unit digit of this product.

Unit digit product = 2 × 6 × 6 × 2 = 144, which ends in 4.

Looking at the given options, only 137984 has a unit digit of 4.

∴ The correct answer is 137984 cm³.

Alternate Method

Given:

Height of the cylinder (h) = 14 cm

Radius of the cylinder (r) = 4 × height = 4 × 14 = 56 cm

Formula Used:

Volume of a right circular cylinder = π × r² × h

r = 56 cm

h = 14 cm Right Circular Cylinder

Calculations:

⇒ Volume = (22 / 7) × (56)² × 14

⇒ Volume = (22 / 7) × 56 × 56 × 14

⇒ Volume = 22 × 56 × 56 × 2

⇒ Volume = 44 × 3136

⇒ Volume = 137984 cm³

∴ The correct answer is 137984 cm³.

Additional Information

Curved Surface Area (CSA) of a Cylinder

The curved surface area includes only the outer side surface of the cylinder, excluding the top and bottom circular bases. Formula: CSA = 2 × π × r × h

Total Surface Area (TSA) of a Cylinder

The total surface area includes the curved surface area plus the area of both the top and bottom solid bases. Formula: TSA = 2 × π × r × (r + h)

Volume of a Cone

A cone with the same base radius and height as a corresponding cylinder will always have exactly one-third of the cylinder's volume. Formula: Volume = (1 / 3) × π × r² × h

Given:

Principal of Rs. 880 amounts to Rs. 913 in 1$\frac{1}{2}$ i.e. 1.5 years.

Concept used:

Simple Interest, SI = (P × R × T)/100

Amount = P + SI

where

P = Principal amount

R = Rate of interest per year

T = Time in years

Calculation:

Let the rate of interest be R% p.a.

​According to the concept,

880 + (880 × R × 1.5)/100 = 913

⇒ (880 × R × 1.5)/100 = 913 - 880

⇒ R = (33 × 100) ÷ (880 × 1.5)

⇒ R = 2.5

⇒ R = $2\frac{1}{2}$

∴ The rate of interest is $2\frac{1}{2}$%.

Given:

A number is decreased by 20% to get another number.

The number so obtained is increased by 200% to get a third number.

Concept used:

Incremented/Reduced value = Initial value (1 ± change%)

Calculation:

Let the first number be Q.

Second number = Q(1 - 20%) = 0.8Q

Third number = 0.8Q(1 + 200%) = 2.4Q

The difference between the third number and the original number = 2.4Q - Q = 1.4Q

The difference between the second and third number = 2.4Q - 0.8Q = 1.6Q

Now, % less = $\frac {1.6Q - 1.4Q}{1.6Q} \times 100\%$ = 12.5%

∴ The difference between the third number and the original number is 12.5% less than the difference between the second and the third number.

Calculation:

Let the three digits be P, Q, and R.

Then, the number = PQRPQR

​According to the concept,

P × 100000 + Q × 10000 + R × 1000 + P × 100 + Q × 10 + R × 1 = PQRPQR

⇒ 100100P + 10010Q + 1001R = PQRPQR

⇒ 1001(100P + 10Q + R) = PQRPQR

⇒ PQRPQR = 1001 × k (letting (100P + 10Q + R) = k)

Hence, the number is divisible by 1001.

∴ Any six-digit number that is formed by repeating a three-digit number, is always divisible by 1001.

Given:

The printed price of a TV set is ₹14,500. It is sold for ₹10,000 with two consecutive discounts.

The first discount is 10%.

Concept used:

Selling Price = Marked Price × (1 - Discount%)

Calculation:

The price becomes after the first discount = 14500 × (1 - 10%) = Rs. 13050

Let the second discount be R%.

​According to the concept,

13050(1 - R/100) = 10000

⇒ (1 - R/100) = 10000/13050

⇒ (1 - R/100) = 200/261

⇒ R/100 = 1 - 200/261

⇒ R/100 = 61/261

⇒ R = 6100/261

⇒ R = 23.371 ≈ 23.37

∴ The second discount is 23.37%.

Given:

$a + \frac{1}{a} = 5$

Concept used:

(a + b)3 = a3 + 3ab(a + b) + b3

Calculation: 

$a + \frac{1}{a} = 5$

⇒ $(a + \frac{1}{a})^3 = 5^3$

⇒ $a^3 + \frac{1}{a^{3}} + 3(a + \frac {1}{a}) = 5^3$

⇒ $a^3 + \frac{1}{a^{3}} + 3 \times 5 = 125$

⇒ $a^3 + \frac{1}{a^{3}} = 125 - 15$

⇒ $a^3 + \frac{1}{a^{3}} = 110$

∴ The value of ${a^3} + \frac{1}{{{a^3}}}$ is 110.

Given:

The area of a triangle is 96 cm2 and the ratio of its sides is 6 ∶ 8 ∶ 10.

Concept used:

Area of a triangle = $\sqrt {S (S - A) (S - B) (S - C)}$ (S = Semi-perimeter = (A + B + C)/2, where A, B, C are the measure of the sides of the triangle)

Calculation:

Let the sides of the triangle be 6k, 8k, and 10k respectively.

Perimeter of the triangle = (6k + 8k + 10k) = 24k

Semi-perimeter = 24k/2 = 12k

​According to the concept,

$\sqrt {12k (12k - 6k) (12k - 8k) (12k - 10k) } = 96$

⇒ $\sqrt {12k \times 6k \times 4k \times 2k} = 96$

⇒ $\sqrt {144 \times 4 \times k^4} = 96$

⇒ 24k² = 96

⇒ k² = 96/24

⇒ k² = 4

⇒ k = 2

⇒ 24k = 48

∴ The perimeter of the triangle is 48 cm.

 Alternate Method

The ratio of sides of the triangle is 6 ∶ 8 ∶ 10, [ as we know 6, 8, 10 are Pythagorean triplets]

Let the sides of the triangle be 6k, 8k, and 10k respectively.

So, the triangle is a right-angle triangle, area = 1/2 × base × height  

⇒ 1/2 × 6k × 8k = 96 

⇒ k2 = 4 

⇒ k = 2

So, the perimeter of the triangle is ⇒ (6k + 8k + 10k) = 24k = 24 × 2 = 48 cm

Shortcut Trick

आयतन V = (1/3) × π × h × (R² + r² + R × r)

V = (1/3) × (22/7) × 7 × (5² + 3² + 5 × 3)

V = (22/3) × (25 + 9 + 15) = (22/3) × 49

V = 1078 / 3 ≈ 359.3 cm³

∴ The correct answer is 359.3 cm³.

Alternate Method

दिया गया है:

ऊंचाई (h) = 7 cm

बड़ी त्रिज्या (R) = 5 cm

छोटी त्रिज्या (r) = 3 cm

प्रयुक्त सूत्र:

शंकु के छिन्नक का आयतन = (1/3)πh(R² + r² + Rr)

गणना:

⇒ आयतन = (1/3) × (22/7) × 7 × (5² + 3² + 5 × 3)

⇒ आयतन = (22/3) × (25 + 9 + 15)

⇒ आयतन = (22/3) × 49

⇒ आयतन = 1078 / 3

⇒ आयतन = 359.333...

∴ The correct answer is 359.3 cm³.

Additional Information

शंकु के छिन्नक की तिर्यक ऊँचाई (Slant Height)

तिर्यक ऊँचाई l = √[h² + (R − r)²] द्वारा ज्ञात की जाती है।

छिन्नक का वक्र पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल (CSA)

वक्र पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल = π × l × (R + r) वर्ग इकाई।

छिन्नक का कुल पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल (TSA)

कुल पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल = πl(R + r) + πR² + πr² वर्ग इकाई।

Given:

A boat covers a certain distance against the stream in 9 hours 36 min and it covers the same distance along the stream in 6 hours.

Concept used:

1. Distance = Speed × Time 2. While rowing upstream, the upstream speed is the difference between the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the flow. 3. While rowing downstream, the downstream speed is the addition of the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the flow.

Calculation:

Let the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the stream be S and R km/h respectively.

9 hours 36 minutes = 9 + 36/60 = 9.6 hours

Let the distance be D km.

Upstream speed = (S - R) km/h

Downstream speed = (S + R) km/h

​According to the question,

$\frac {D}{S - R} = 9.6$      ....(1)

$\frac {D}{S + R} = 6$     ....(2)

(1) ÷ (2),

$\frac {S + R}{S - R} = \frac {9.6}{6}$

⇒ 6S + 6R = 9.6S - 9.6R

⇒ 3.6S = 15.6R

⇒ S/R = 15.6/3.6

⇒ S : R  = 13 : 3

∴ The ratio of the speed of the boat in still water to that of the stream is 13 : 3.

 Alternate Method

We know, 9 hours 36 min = 576 min and 6 hour = 360 min

Through upstream (U) and downstream(D) distance is constant, then time ∝ 1/speed

Time ratio of U : D = 576 : 360 = 8 : 5, then Speed ratio of U : D = 5 : 8

Speed of boat = (D speed + U speed)/2 = (8 + 5)/2 = 13/2 

Speed of stream =  (D speed - U speed)/2 = (8 - 5)/2 = 3/2

So, Speed of boat : Speed of stream = 13/2 : 3/2 = 13 : 3

Given:

Raju, Shobh and Mohan can do a work in 15 days, 20 days and 25 days respectively.

Concept used:

Total work = Efficiency (Work done per day) × Total time taken

Calculation:

Let the total work be 300 units.

Efficiency of A (Raju) = 300/15 = 20 units/day

Efficiency of B (Shobh)  = 300/20 = 15 units/day

Efficiency of C (Mohan)  = 300/25 = 12 units/day

In three days, working on alternate days, they complete = (20 + 15 + 12) = 47 units of work

In such a manner, total work in 6 such sets of 3 days = 47 × 6 = 282 units

Remaining work = 300 - 282 = 18 units

Time taken to complete 18 units of work by A = $\frac {18}{20} = \frac {9}{10}\ days$

Total time taken = 6 × 3 + $\frac {9}{10}$ = $18\frac{9}{{10}}$ days

∴ The total time taken to complete the work is $18\frac{9}{{10}}$ days.

Given:

a2 + b2 + c2 - 2ab - 2bc + 2ca

Concept used:

(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca

Calculation:

a2 + b2 + c2 - 2ab - 2bc + 2ca

⇒ a2 + (-b)2 + c2 + 2a(-b) + 2(-b)c + 2ca

⇒ (a + (-b) + c)²

⇒ (a – b + c)2

∴ The value of a2 + b2 + c2 - 2ab - 2bc + 2ca is (a – b + c)2.

Given:

A jeep travels to a place 300 km away at an average speed of 60 km/h and returns at a speed of 30 km/h. 

Concept used:

When the distance is constant, the average speed = 2xy/x+y (where x and y are the two speeds at which the same distance has been covered.)

Calculation:

Here, the travelled distance is the same i.e. 300 km.

​According to the concept,

The average speed for the whole journey

⇒ (2 × 60 × 30) ÷ (60 + 30)

⇒ 3600 ÷ 90

⇒ 40 km/h

∴ The average speed for the whole journey is 40 km/h.

Calculation:

Now, the average number of people in all the states

⇒ (474 + 500 + 444 + 495 + 580)/5

⇒ 498.6

∴ The average number of people in all the states is 498.6.

Given:

The average age of a man and his son is 55 years.

The ratio of their ages is 7 ∶ 4 and respectively. 

Calculation:

Let the age of the man and his son be 7x and 4x respectively.

​According to the question,

(7x + 4x) = 55 × 2

⇒ 11x = 110

⇒ x = 10

Now, the ratio of their ages after 6 years

⇒ (7 × 10 + 6) : (4 × 10 + 6)

⇒ 76 : 46 = 38 : 23

∴ The ratio of their ages after 6 years is 38 : 23.

Given:

ΔABC is a right-angle triangle at B and tan A = $\frac{3}{4}$

Concept used:

1. tan θ = Height ÷ Base
2. sin θ = Height ÷ Hypotenuse 3. Pythagoras theorem states that “In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse side is equal to the sum of squares of the other two sides“.

Calculation:

tan A = $\frac{3}{4}$

⇒ $\frac {BC}{AB}$ = $\frac{3}{4}$

⇒ BC : AB = 3 : 4

Let the measure of BC and AB be 3k and 4k respectively.

​According to the concept,

AC² = $\sqrt { (3k)^2 + (4k)^2 }$ = 5k

Now, sin A + sin B + sin C

⇒ $\frac {BC}{AC} + sin\ 90^\circ + \frac {AB}{AC}$

⇒ $\frac {BC + AB}{AC} + 1$

⇒ $\frac {3k + 4k}{5k} + 1$

⇒ $\frac {7}{5} + 1$

⇒ $\frac {12}{5}$ = $2\frac{2}{5}$

∴ The value of sin A + sin B + sin C is $2\frac{2}{5}$.

Shortcut Trick

For a dishonest dealer selling at cost price, the gain percentage is given by:

Gain% = [Error ÷ (True Value − Error)] × 100

Let the false weight used be x grams. Then Error = (1000 − x) grams.

15 = [(1000 − x) ÷ x] × 100

15x = 100000 − 100x ⇒ 115x = 100000

x = 100000 ÷ 115 ≈ 869.6 gm

∴ The correct answer is 869.6 gm.

Alternate Method

Given: Gain% = 15%, True Weight = 1000 gm.

Formula: Gain% = [(True Weight − False Weight) ÷ False Weight] × 100

⇒ Let the False Weight be W.

⇒ 15 = [(1000 − W) ÷ W] × 100

⇒ 15 ÷ 100 = (1000 − W) ÷ W

⇒ 3 ÷ 20 = (1000 − W) ÷ W

⇒ 3W = 20000 − 20W

⇒ 23W = 20000

⇒ W = 20000 ÷ 23 = 869.565... gm

⇒ Rounding off to one decimal place, we get 869.6 gm.

∴ The correct answer is 869.6 gm.

Additional Information

Dishonest Dealer Concept

When a dealer sells at Cost Price but uses less weight, the Profit Percentage is calculated on the actual quantity delivered to the customer.

Effective Profit

If a dealer also marks up the price by k% and uses less weight, the net profit is calculated by combining both factors using the ratio method.

Calculation:

Now, the number of males in Bihar in the year 1998

⇒ 32760000 × 11% × 3/(3 + 4)

⇒ 1544400

∴ The number of males in Bihar in the year 1998 is 15,44,400.

Given:

$\frac{x}{8} + \frac{8}{x} = 1$

Concept used:

a³ + b³ = (a + b)(a² - ab + b²)

Calculation:

$\frac{x}{8} + \frac{8}{x} = 1$

⇒ $\frac {x^2 + 64}{8x} = 1$

⇒ (x² - 8x + 64) = 0

⇒ (x + 8)(x2 - 8x + 64) = 0 × (x + 8)

⇒ (x³ + 8³) = 0

⇒ x³ = -512

∴ The value of x³ is -512.

Given:

A coconut tree swings with the wind in such a manner that the angle covered by its trunk is 18 degrees.

The topmost portion of the tree covers a distance of 44 metres.

Concept used:

1. Lenght of a Arc = 2πR × $\frac {θ}{360}$ (R = Radius and θ = Angle of the sector) 2. π = 22/7

Calculation:

Let the length of the tree be L metres.

​According to the question,

2π × L × $\frac {18}{360}$ = 44

⇒ $\frac {44}{7}$ × L × $\frac {18}{360}$ = 44

⇒ L = 140

∴ The length of the tree is 140 metres.

Calculation:

Total exports of 2015 = 2000 + 4000 + 3000 = 9000

Total exports of 2016 = 1000 + 5000 + 2000 = 8000

Total exports of 2017 = 2000 + 4000 + 4000 = 10000

Total exports of 2018 = 3000 + 5000 + 4000 = 12000

Total exports of 2019 = 4000 + 3000 + 5000 = 12000

∴ In the following years given in the options, 2019 has the highest total exports from the three companies together.

Given:

C1, C2 be the centres of two circles and r1, r2 be the respective radii such that the distance between the centres is equal to the sum of the radii of the two circles

Calculation:

Distance between two centres C1 and C2, d = r1 + r2

Since d = r1 + r2, two circles will touch each other externally.

​According to the figure, the number of common tangents = 3

∴ The number of common tangents is 3.